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Karyotypes of Cyprinid Fish Capoeta Trutta and Capoeta Capoeta Umbla

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Karyotypes of Cyprinid Fish Capoeta Trutta and Capoeta Capoeta Umbla TurkJZool 25(2001)389-393 ©TÜB‹TAK KaryotypesofCyprinidFishCapoetatrutta andCapoetacapoetaumbla (Cyprinidae)FromtheTigrisRiver NevalKILIÇDEM‹ROK,ErhanÜNLÜ DepartmentofBiology,FacultyofScience,DicleUniversity,Diyarbak›r-TURKEY Received:11.08.2000 Abstract: ChromosomenumbersandkaryotypesofCyprinidfish Capoetatrutta andCapoetacapoetaumbla (Cyprinidae)inthe TigrisRiverweredeterminedbytheuseofchromosomepreparationtechniquesfromunculturedkidney.Thediploidchromosome numberinC.trutta wasfoundtobe2n=150,with35pairsofmeta-submetacentricchromosomes,40pairsofsubtelo-acrocen- tricchromosomesandthechromosomearmsnumber(NF)was220.Chromosomalstudiesonthe C.c.umblarevealedthediploid chromosomenumbertobe2n=150,with43pairsofmeta-submetacentricchromosomes,32pairsofsubtelo-acrocentricchro- mosomeswithNF=236.Sexchromosomeswerenotdeterminedinthestudiedspecies. KeyWords: Capoetatrutta,Capoetacapoetaumbla,Chromosome,Karyology,TigrisRiver. DicleNehri’ndekiCapoetatrutta veCapoetacapoetaumbla (Cyprinidae)’n›nKaryotipi Özet: Buçal›flmadaDiclenehri’ndeneldeedilenCapoetatrutta veCapoetacapoetaumbla (Cyprinidae)türlerininböbreklerindenelde edilenpreparatlardakromozomsay›lar›vekaryolojiközellikleribelirlenmifltir. Capoetatrutta’n›ndiplodkromozomsay›s›,35çift meta-submetasentrik,40çiftsubtelo-akrosentrikolmaküzere2n=150,NF=220olarakbelirlenmifltir. Capoetac.umbla ’n›n diploidkromozomsay›s›,43çiftmeta-submetasentrik,32çiftsubtelo-akrosentrikkromozomolmaküzere2n=150veNF=236 olaraktespitedilmifltir.Çal›fl›lantürlerdeefleykromozomlar›saptanamam›flt›r. AnahtarSözcükler: Capoetatrutta,Capoetacapoetaumbla,Kromozom,Karyoloji,DicleNehri. Introduction forfishchromosomepreparation,makestheirevaluation Cyprinidaearetherichestandmostimportantfamily difficult(20,21).Chromosomalanalysisisofinterestin offish,anditsmembersaredistributedworld-wide.A fishbreedingfromtheviewpointofgeneticcontrol,the vastmajorityofbonedfishbelongtothisfamilyin rapidproductionofinbredlines,taxonomyand Turkey,andtheyaredistributedwidelyinfreshwater evolutionarystudies.About1,300freshwaterand sources.Althoughthisfamilyisrepresentby saltwaterfishspecies’karyotypeshavebeenreviewed. approximately1,500speciesintheworld,thereare (22). about30genusand70speciesinTurkey(1-4).The ThechromosomesofTurkishcyprinidshavenotbeen cyprinidgenus Capoeta isrepresentedbyninespecies studiedsufficiently(23-28).Noneofthe Capoeta species fromWestAsiaincludingAnatolia(5).Theaimofthis ofTurkishfaunahasbeenexaminedkaryologically.This studyistodeterminekaryotypesof Capoetatrutta studydescribesthechromosomesandkaryotypeof C. (Heckel,1843)and Capoetacapoetaumbla (Heckel, trutta andC.c.umbla fromtheTigrisRiverinTurkey. 1843)whichareonlyfoundintheEuphratesandTigris RiverBasin(6). MaterialsandMethods ThestudyofkaryoypesinPisceshasstimulatedthe interestofmanyresearchersinthelastfewyears(7-19). Twelve Capoetatrutta (8male,4female)and However,thesmallsizeandlargenumberof fourteen Capoetacapoetaumbla (9female,5male) chromosomesinfish,andthelackofastandardtecnique sampleswerecapturedusinganelectroshockapparatus 389 KaryotypesofCyprinidFishCapoetatrutta andCapoetacapoetaumbla (Cyprinidae)FromtheTigrisRiver fromtheTigrisRiver(37°55’N,40°12’E).Thefish ofsubtelo-acrocentricchromosomes(Figure1).The weretransportedlivetothelaboratory,andkeptina numberofchromosomearmswerethereforedetermined well-aeratedaquariumat20-25°Cbeforeanalysis.The tobeNF=220. fishwereinjectedwith0.1%phytohemaglutininM(PHA) In87metaphasesfromthekidneysof14C.c.umbla toactivatecelldivision48hoursbeforedecapitation(25). specimens,thediploidchromosomenumberwasfoundto Mitoticchromosomeswereprepareddirectlyfrom be2n=150.Differentchromosomenumbersinatotal theykidneys.Forthispurpose,thefishwereinjected of16metaphasecellswererecordedrangingfrom148 intraperiotonallyandintramuscularlywith0.06% to152(Table2).Cellsnothavingnormalvalues(148- colchicinesolution(1ml/100gbodyweight)and 152)wereprobablycausedbylossesduringpreparation sacrificedafter3.5-4hours.Techniquesforthe oradditionsfromnearbycellsThekaryotypeconsistsof preparationofcellsuspensions,hypotonictreatmentand 43pairsofmeta-submetacentricand32pairsofsubtelo- thefixationofthecellshavebeendescribedpreviously acrocentricchromosomes,NF=236(Figure2). (29).Thepreparationswerestainedwith0.5%giemsa. AnOlympusbinocularmicroscopewithabuilt-in Discussion camera,onIlford50ASAfilm,wasused.Thebest4-8 metaphasefiguresofeachspecimenwerekaryotyped Chromosomenumbers,alongwithconventional followingthemethodofLevanetal.(30). morphologycriteria,datafrompalaeontology,behavioral patterns,ecologyandgeneticexperiments,providea furthertoolfordecipheringthephylogenyoffishes(31). Results Themajorityofcyprinidspecieshave2n=50 Relativelysmall-andhigh-numberchromosomeswere chromosomes(32),while Cyprinuscarpio has2n=98- observedin Capoetatrutta and C.c.umbla .Thesex 100(8,22)andthepolyploid Barbus speciesfrom chromosomeswerenotdetermined. SouthernAfricahave2n=148or150chromosomes (11).Anumberof48chromosomeswerefoundinafew In65metaphasesfromthekidneycellsoftwelve species,suchas Cyprinionmacrostomus (23)and Capoetatrutta specimens,thediploidnumberwasfound Ctenopharyngodonidella (22). tobe2n=150.Differentchromosomenumbersina totalof8metaphasecellswererecordedrangingfrom Thediploidchromosomenumbersofboth Capoeta 148to152(Table1).Cellsnothavingnormalvalues trutta andCapoetacapoetaumbla werefoundtobe2n= (148-152)wereprobablycausedbylossesduring 150.Thenumberofchromosomesthatdeviatedfrom preparationoradditionsfromnearbycells.Thekaryotype thenormalvalue(148-152)wasprobablyduetolosses consistsof35pairsofmeta-submetacentricand40pairs oradditionsfromthenearbycells(16).Tothebestof Table1. ChromosomecomplementofC.trutta chrosomosomenumber: karyotype(2n=150) Numberoffish 148 149 150 151 152 totalmetaphases m-sm st-a NF 1 1 5 6 70 80 220 2415 315 6 41 4 5 5415 65 5 7415 85 5 95 5 10 1 6 7 11 5 5 12 5 1 6 Totals 3 1 57 2 2 65 390 N.KILIÇDEM‹ROK,E.ÜNLÜ Figure1. Chromosomes of Capoetatrutta fromtheTigrisRiver Figure2. Chromosomesof Capoetacapoetaumbla fromtheTigris (Turkey).(a)Mitoticmetaphase,(b)Karyotype,X1,600. River(Turkey).(a)Mitoticmetaphase,(b)Karyotype,X 1,600. Table2. ChromosomecomplementofC.c.umbla chrosomosomenumber: karyotype(2n=150) Numberoffish 148 149 150 151 152 totalmetaphases m-sm st-a NF 1 1 5 6 86 64 236 21416 315 6 41 6 7 51416 65 5 7617 85 5 925 7 10 1 6 7 11 5 5 12 1 4 1 6 13 2 5 7 14 6 1 7 Totals 5 6 71 2 3 87 391 KaryotypesofCyprinidFishCapoetatrutta andCapoetacapoetaumbla (Cyprinidae)FromtheTigrisRiver ourknowledge,nootherspeciesofgenusCapoeta hasyet highchromosomenumbers,thespeciesof Capoeta are beenkaryotyped.Thus,itisdifficulttodetermine thoughttobehexaploid,asinsomespeciesof Barbus. chromosomaldifferentiationortheexistenceofpoliploidy Thekaryotypesofthetwospecieswerefoundtobe inotherspeciesofthisgenus.However,some Barbus different. C.c.umbla hadhigh-numbermeta- specieswith150chromosomeshavebeenrecordedas submetacentricchromosomesbutlowsubtelo-acrocentric hexaploidfromsouthernAfrica(33)andfromEthiopia chromosomeswhencomparedtoC.trutta.Chromosome (11).ThesespeciesbelongtotheAfrican‘large Barbus’. armnumbers(NF)of C.c.umbla werealsohigherthan Berrebi(34)reportedthatthegenus Barbus includes thosegivenforC.trutta. diploid(chromosomenumber50),tetraploid (chromosomenumber100)andhexaploid(chromosome Therewasnoevidenceofsexualdimorphismofthe number150)species.Inourstudy,sinceweobtained chromosomesineither C.trutta orC.c.umbla .Similar resultswerealsoobservedinmostfishspecies(7-12). References 1. Blanc,M.,Banarescu,P.,Gaudet,J.L.andHureu,J.C.,European 13. Sanches,L.,Abuin,M.andAmara,R.,Cytogenetic InlandWaterFish.AMultilingualCatalogue.FAO,FishingNews CharacterizationoftheASCellLineDerivedfromtheAtlantic Ltd,London,England,1971. Salmon(Salmosalar L.)CytogenetCell.Genet.64:35-38,1993. 2. 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Kim,D.S.,Nam,Y.K.andPark,I.,Survivalandkaryological 2.,Aula-VerlagWiesbaden,1091p,1991. analysisofreciprocaldiploidandtriploidhybridsbetweenmud loach( Misgurnusmizolepis )andcyprinidloach( Misgurnus 6. Karaman,M.S.,SusswasserfischederTurkei7.Teil.Revisionder anguiilicaudatus).Aquaculture,135,257-265,1995. KleniasatischenundVorderasiatichenArtendesGenusCapoeta (Varicorhinus,Partim).Mitt.HamburgZool.Mus.Ins.66:17-54, 18. Fister,S.,Cakic,P.andKataranovski,D.,Karyotypeanalysisof 1969. Barbusbarbus L.and Barbuspeloponnensius V.(Cyprinidae)and frequenciesofbreaksandgap-typestructuralchromosome 7. Rab,P.,KaryotypesoftwoAfricanbarbels Barbusbariloides and changesinfishesfromtheriverVapa.ActaVeterinaria-Beograd, Barbusholotaenia FoliaZool.,30(2):181-190,1981. Vol.49,Iss5-6,385-392.,1999. 8. Al-Sabti,K.,KaryotypesofCyprinuscarpio andLeuciscuscephalus 19. Arkhipchuk,V.A.,Chromosomedatabase,DatabaseofDr.Victor orientalis.
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