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(ICE) Power Plants and Their Applications in Vietnam's Future

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(ICE) Power Plants and Their Applications in Vietnam's Future The need for flexible internal combustion engine (ICE) power plants and their applications in Vietnam’s future power system COPYRIGHT Copyright of this report is held by Vietnam Institute of Energy (IEVN). Any part or all of the information in the report may not be copied, printed, translated, or used for any other purpose without written permission from IEVN. The source must be acknowledged when citing or refusing information in the report. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This report is prepared by the Vietnam Institute of Energy (IEVN) under the Ministry of Industry and Trade. CONTACTS Mr. Nguyen The Thang, Director of Power System Development Department, [email protected] Ms. Le Thi Thu Ha, Researcher of Power System Development Department, [email protected] Mr. Nguyen Van Duong, Researcher of Power System Development Department, [email protected] Ms. Pham Thu Tra My, Researcher of Power System Development Department, [email protected] Instituteof Energy –P8 PowerSystem DevelopmentDepartment © 2 Foreword During more than 45 years of friendship, Vietnam is always one of Finland’s main development cooperation partner countries. Under a number of bilateral programmes, Finland has supported Vietnam in the development of key sectors, such as water and sanitation, forestry, and innovation. The Embassy of Finland in Hanoi has enjoyed a successful cooperation with Vietnam’s Institute of Energy. Together, we have carried out a comprehensive study mapping the potential for biomass as a source of renewable energy in Vietnam. Many specialists and researchers from the Institute have had in-depth and frequent exchanges with Finnish experts in the field of energy, and this study is another great example of the continuing collaboration between the two countries. As Vietnam is currently preparing its new plan to optimize the future energy mix, Finland is committed to supporting Vietnam in the energy transition towards a sustainable and reliable power system. A flexible source of power is one of the key factors for Vietnam to ensure national energy security for socio-economic growth, while prioritizing the development of renewable energy and gas to power generation, as aligned with Resolution 55 of the Vietnam’s Politburo on the orientation of the National Energy Development Strategy until 2030, with a vision to 2045. Kari Kahiluoto Ambassador of Finland to Vietnam Instituteof Energy –P8 PowerSystem DevelopmentDepartment © 3 Contents Executive summary Chapter 1. Overview of the Energy and Power System of Vietnam 9 1.1. Overview of Vietnam’s power system ..................................................................................................... 9 1.1.1. National electricity consumption ................................................................................................... 9 1.1.2. Power generation ....................................................................................................................... 10 1.2. The challenges in power development planning ................................................................................... 11 1.2.1. High electricity demand growth rate ........................................................................................... 11 1.2.2. Power shortages due to delay in development of power plants .................................................. 12 1.2.3. Renewable energy development and integration ........................................................................ 14 Chapter 2. Overview of the internal combustion engine 17 2.1. Operating principle .............................................................................................................................. 17 2.2. Different types of internal combustion engine ....................................................................................... 18 2.3. Main characteristics of an ICE flexible power plant ............................................................................... 18 2.3.1. Modularity and standardization .................................................................................................. 19 2.3.2. Operating modes ....................................................................................................................... 20 2.3.3. Applications ............................................................................................................................... 21 2.4. Comparison of ICE with other thermal power generation technologies ................................................. 23 2.5. The need for ICE power plants in Vietnam’s power system .................................................................................................................. 26 Chapter 3. Methodology and input assumption 30 3.1. Methodology ....................................................................................................................................... 30 3.2. Modeling tools ..................................................................................................................................... 31 3.3. Input assumption ................................................................................................................................. 32 3.4. Calculation constraints ......................................................................................................................... 38 Chapter 4. Analyzing the operational ability of an ICE power plant in Vietnam’s power system 41 4.1. Determining the power generation expansion for Vietnam’s power system in the period up to 2050 ........................................................................................................................................... 41 4.1.1. Power generation development scenarios .................................................................................. 41 4.1.2. Analyzing the results of long term scenarios ............................................................................... 43 4.1.3. Analyzing the results of medium term and short term scenarios ................................................. 48 4.2. Determining the operating mode of the proposed capacity of ICE power plants in the regional power system ......................................................................................................................... 52 4.2.1. Operational mode of ICE power plants in a normal water year.................................................... 53 4.2.2. Operational mode of ICE power plants in a dry year ................................................................... 61 Chapter 5. Conclusion and recommendations 62 5.1. Conclusion .......................................................................................................................................... 62 5.2. Recommendations .............................................................................................................................. 63 Appendix ............................................................................................................... 64 Instituteof Energy –P8 PowerSystem DevelopmentDepartment © 4 List of figures Figure 1-1: GDP growth rate for the whole country Figure 4-2: Installed capacity structure in long term during period 2011–2019 ..................................... .9 scenarios (not including the import capacity from China and Laos) ......................................... .43 Figure 1-2: Electricity consumption and Pmax during the last 5 years .......................................... .9 Figure 4-3: Electricity generation structure in long term scenarios (not including the import capacity Figure 1-3: Demand distribution in the last 5 years ............... .10 from China and Laos) ......................................... .44 Figure 1-4: Installed capacity of the entire power system Figure 4-4: Difference system costs in other scenarios in the last 5 years ............................................... .10 compared with the LT1A scenario ...................... .44 Figure 1-5: Power structure changes during the last 5 years .10 Figure 4-5: System average costs ........................................ .45 Figure 1-6: Installed capacity by technologies in 2019 .......... .11 Figure 4-6: Investment costs for new generation units Figure 1-7: Generation output by technologies in 2019 ........ .11 in long term scenarios ........................................ .45 Figure 1-8: Growth rate of forecast demand Figure 4-7: CO2 emissions in long term scenarios ................ .45 in the draft PDP 8 ............................................... .11 Figure 4-8: Inter-regional transmission capacities in Figure 1-9: Forecast of sale electricity long term scenarios ............................................ .46 in 2020–2045 – draft PDP 8 ............................... .12 Figure 4-9: Comparison of capacity expansions for LT3_No_ICE with LT2B .................................. .47 Figure 1-10: Assessing the implementation of PDP7R up to 2030 ......................................... .12 Figure 4-10: Installed capacity structure by year for the period 2020–2030 in Scenario MT1_Free Figure 1-11: Share of Renewable Energy in the Power optimization (not including the import capacity sector following the RE development strategy .... .14 from China and Laos) ......................................... .48 Figure 1-12: Wind variability ................................................... .15 Figure 4-11: Comparing the installed capacity of Figure 1-13: Solar variability ..................................................
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