Graduateeducation00elberich.Pdf

of University California Berkeley REGIONAL ORAL HISTORY OFFICE Regional Oral History Office University of California The Bancroft Library Berkeley, California University History Series Sanford S. Elberg GRADUATE EDUCATION AND MICROBIOLOGY AT THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, BERKELEY, 1930-1989 With an Introduction by Carl G. Rosberg Interviews Conducted by Ann Lage in 1989 Copyright (c) 1990 by The Regents of the University of California Since 1954 the Regional Oral History Office has been interviewing leading participants in or well -placed witnesses to major events in the development of Northern California, the West, and the Nation. Oral history is a modern research technique involving an interviewee and an informed interviewer in spontaneous conversation. The taped record is transcribed, lightly edited for continuity and clarity, and reviewed by the interviewee. The resulting manuscript is typed in final form, indexed, bound with photographs and illustrative materials, and placed in The Bancroft Library at the University of California, Berkeley, and other research collections for scholarly use. Because it is primary material, oral history is not intended to present the final, verified, or complete narrative of events. It is a spoken account, offered by the interviewee in response to questioning, and as such it is reflective, partisan, deeply involved, and irreplaceable. ************************************ All uses of this manuscript are covered by a legal agreement between the University of California and Sanford S. Elberg dated August 24, 1989. The manuscript is thereby made available for research purposes. All literary rights in the manuscript, including the right to publish, are reserved to The Bancroft Library of the University of California, Berkeley. No part of the manuscript may be quoted for publication without the written permission of the Director of The Bancroft Library of the University of California, Berkeley. Requests for permission to quote for publication should be addressed to the Regional Oral History Office, 486 Library, University of California, Berkeley 94720, and should include identification of the specific passages to be quoted, anticipated use of the passages, and identification of the user. The legal agreement with Sanford S. Elberg requires that he be notified of the request and allowed thirty days in which to respond. It is recommended that this oral history be cited as follows : Sanford S. Elberg, "Graduate Education and Microbiology at the University of California, Berkeley, 1930-1989," an oral history conducted in 1989 by Ann Lage, Regional Oral History Office, The Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley, 1990. Copy no . SANFORD S. ELBERG 1972 Cataloguing Information ELBERG, Sanford S. (b. 1913) Dean Emeritus, Graduate Division Graduate Education and Microbiology at the University of California. Berkeley. 1930-1989. 1990, ix, 269 pp. Childhood, family, education in San Francisco; undergraduate and graduate education at University of California, Berkeley, 1930-1938; Professor Karl F. Meyer, Hooper Foundation; Berkeley professor of bacteriology and medical microbiology, 1941-1978; brucellosis research for U.S. Army, Camp Detrick, Maryland, World War II; developing Rev-1 vaccine for brucellosis, work with World Health Organization; the Department of Bacteriology and School of Public Health, graduate students, research work; Naval Biological Laboratory, 1935- 1987; Administrative Committee on Building and Campus Development, 1953-1961; Dean of Graduate Division, 1961-1978: Free Speech Movement, Vietnam War protests, Graduate Minority Program, Graduate Representative Assembly, departmental reviews; Campus Research Office and research institutes; national and regional association of Graduate Schools; retirement years, UC Education Abroad, provost for professional schools, Graduate Theological Union, Faculty Club. Introduction by Carl G. Rosberg, Professor of Political Science. Interviewed 1989 by Ann Lage for the University History Series. The Regional Oral History Office, The Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley. TABLE OF CONTENTS -- Sanford Elberg PREFACE i INTRODUCTION by Carl Rosberg iv INTERVIEW HISTORY vi BRIEF BIOGRAPHY ix I FAMILY, YOUTH, AND EDUCATION IN SAN FRANCISCO AND AT BERKELEY 1 Family Values, Interests, and Pastimes 1 Religious Influences 5 The Postal Telegraph Company 6 Medical Problems and Preparing for a Career in Medicine 8 Entering UC Berkeley and Pursuing Bacteriology- -Life as an Undergraduate 11 Teaching Assistant in Bacteriology for K.F. Meyer 14 Research Assistant at the Hooper Foundation 15 II EARLY EMPLOYMENT, MARRIAGE, WORLD WAR II SERVICE 18 Lecturer in Public Health, UC Berkeley, 1938-1940 18 Washington State College and City College of San Francisco 19 Return to Berkeley as Faculty Member, 1941- -Teaching Bacteriology 101 with Meyer 23 Service as an Army Officer, 1941-1946 25 Marriage, 1943, and Family 27 Camp Detrick, MarylandYears of Professional Growth 28 Directing Brucellosis research at Detrick and Other Army Assignments 32 III RESEARCH CAREER: LIFETIME WORK ON BRUCELLOSIS 39 Continuing Relationship with K.F. Meyer 39 Brief Return to Detrick 40 Problems of Developing a Live Vaccine for Brucellosis 41 Demonstrating the Effectiveness of the New Rev-1 Vaccine in Spain 45 Worldwide Acceptance of Elberg' s Vaccine 52 WHO'S Expert Panel on Brucellosis 56 Basic Studies on Cellular Immunology of Brucellosis 60 Targets of Opportunity in Research- -Growth Hormone, Bubonic Plague 61 IV ASSOCIATES, STUDENTS. TRENDS, AND THE DEPARTMENT OF BACTERIOLOGY 64 Collaboration with Research Associates and Graduate Students 64 Directing and Placing Graduate Students, Women in Bacteriology 67 Three Revolutions in Microbiology and the University's Response 72 Leadership of a Troubled Department of Bacteriology, 1952-1957 77 Medical Microbiologists Move to Public Health, 1966 80 V THE NAVAL BIOLOGICAL LABORATORY 84 Founding and Prewar History of the Lab--NAMRU I 84 World War II Plague Research on the UC Campus 85 Move to Oakland, Secret Research, and Departmental Strife over the Lab 88 Policy Issues Plaguing the University-NBL Relationship 93 Termination of the Lab, 1987 97 Recent Relations between Public Health Microbiologists and the Department of Microbiology 99 VI THE ADMINISTRATIVE COMMITTEE ON BUILDING AND CAMPUS DEVELOPMENT, 1953-1961 102 The Committee and its Subcommittees, under Chancellors Kerr and Seaborg 102 Remodeling of LSB Cancelled, 1957 107 Relating Physical Planning to Academic Planning and Landscape Design 110 Planning for the Growth of Biophysics and Molecular Biology 114 Outstanding Achievements, and Failures, of the Committee 117 Appointment as Dean of the Graduate Division, 1961 119 VII THE GRADUATE DIVISION AND ITS DEAN: RESPONSIBILITIES AND RELATIONSHIPS 121 The Office, Its Personnel and Philosophy in 1961 121 Relationship to the Graduate Council 123 The Foreign Language Requirement, An Ongoing Struggle 124 The Dean's Authority: Persuasion, Cajoling, Nudging, and Screaming 126 Graduate Dean Elberg and Chancellors Heyns and Bowker 130 Relations with President Kerr and the Statewide Coordinating Committee 134 Complexities of Initiating a Medical Education Program at Berkeley 136 Minority Retention Decision: Personal Costs 143 Strains of Decentralizing the Graduate Division and the Academic Senate 146 VIII GRADUATE STUDENTS IN THE TURBULENT SIXTIES 150 Anomie of Social Science Students 150 Origins of the Graduate Student Assembly 151 Problems in Graduate Education 154 Training Teaching Assistants 155 Reflections on the Free Speech Movement 157 Leadership of the Graduate Assembly 164 Ford Foundation Fellowships: Reducing the Time for the Ph.D. 166 Some Successful New Degree Programs 169 IX MINORITY CONCERNS, VIETNAM WAR, FOREIGN STUDENTS 173 The Graduate Minority Program: Origins and Personnel 173 Encouraging Recruitment and Retention of Minorities 176 Associate Dean Wiktoria Winnicka 181 Contributions of Budget Officer Mauchlan 186 Increasing Representation of Women in the Graduate Division 188 Advising Students on the Selective Service Law 190 The Committee on Student Conduct 192 Foreign Graduate Students: Contributions and Problems 194 Remarks on the TA Strike of 1989 198 X MAINTAINING EXCELLENCE AT BERKELEY 199 A Quality Faculty: Vision and Peer Review 199 Departmental Reviews by the Graduate Division: French and Chemistry 202 Developing the Review Process 207 Disestablishing the School of Criminology 209 XI THE GRADUATE DEAN'S RESPONSIBILITY FOR CAMPUS RESEARCH 212 The Campus Research Office 212 Protection of Human and Animal Research Subjects 213 Overseeing Twenty- two Organized Research Units: Increasing Involvement in Graduate Education 215 Revitalizing Two Long-term Institutes 218 Declining Federal Support for Graduate Student Research 220 XII ACTIVITIES IN NATIONAL AND REGIONAL ASSOCIATIONS OF GRADUATE SCHOOLS 222 Accreditation and Maintenance of Degree Standards 222 The ACS, the Council of Graduate Schools and the Sloping Deans 224 Berkeley and the Dwarfs: Discussing Common Problems of Elite Graduate Schools 226 The Graduate Record Exam Board 231 Departmental Foot-Dragging on Minority Recruitment at Berkeley 232 Value and Uses of the Graduate Record Exam 233 The Role of the Graduate Dean in Admissions 235 XIII RETIREMENT YEARS, 1978-1989 238 The UC Education Abroad Program 238 Acting Provost for the Professional Schools, 1984 240 The Controversial Elberg Report, 1985-1986 241 Graduate Theological Union Board Member and

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