Bri sh Empire 1707 - 1801
Including the Thirteen Rebelling Colonies to 1776 North America in 1702 Queen Anne’s War 1707 - 1713
Francis Nicholson captures Acadia for Bri sh a er siege of Port Royal in 1710
North America in 1713
Joseph Dudley Governor of Massachuse s Bay, 1702 – 1715
French and Pocumtuc raid on Deerfield, Massachuse s Bay, 1704 Over 100 captured and taken to Canada; 40% of village destroyed War of Jenkins Ear: Great Britain vs. Spain, 1739 - 1744 North America from 1713 – 1754: period between the end of Queen Anne’s War and the beginning of the French and Indian War
New France France Great Britain Bri sh America
Bri sh and New English (mostly Massachuse s Bay) forces take Fortress Louisbourg in 1745 Engraving, 1747: View of the English landing on the island of Cape Breton to a ack the fortress of Louisbourg. 1745 Demography about 1750 New France: 55,000 Bri sh America: 1,170,800
Great Britain: 5,772,000
France: 24,600,000 Albany Plan of Union 1754
Benjamin Franklin proposed it
The Albany Plan was proposed as a union of the colonies with a general government to be administered by a Crown approved President-General and a Grand Council to be selected by the legislatures of the colonies.
The Plan was rejected by the colonies which did not want to give up power.
George Washington
French and Indian War (1754-1763) and the greater European Seven Years’ War (1756 – 1763) started by Col. Washington when he ambushed a French unit in western Pennsylvania.
Fort Duquesne: French Fort 1754 – 1758
Bri sh a ack in 1755 failed
Bri sh a ack in 1758 succeeds
Modern Pi sburg; site of Fort Duquesne Fort Beauséjour, 1751 - 1755 French Fort on the disputed fron er of Nova Sco a and New France
Bri sh & New England forces laid siege on 4 June 1755 and the French surrendered on 16 June. The Deporta on of the Acadians 1755 (“Le Grand Dérangement”)
The Acadians are deported from Nova Sco a on the orders of Massachuse s Governor Shirley a er they refuse to give an oath of allegiance to the Bri sh Crown
They are expelled to the other American colonies, many of which Refused to take Catholics. Many ended up in France, the French Caribbean and Louisiana. Some escaped to Ile St.-Jean (now Prince Edward Island) and New France. Fortress Louisbourg falls to Bri sh and New England forces in 1758. The Fortress is destroyed. Fall of Québec and the defeat of France in New France Ba le of the Plains of Abraham, 13 September 1759 Bri sh North America from 1763 to 1783 Proclama on of 1763
No European se lement allowed west of the Appalachian Mountains
Ohio and Mississippi Valleys reserved for the First Na ons
King George III Seven Years’ War cost Great Britain £122,603,366 Bri sh subjects paid second highest taxes in Europe Britain expected the colonies to pay their fair share of the Imperial defense
Sugar Act, 1764: Tax on sugar; violators to be tried in Admiralty Court in Nova Sco a Currency Act, 1764: Forbade paper currency, later repealed Stamp Act, 1765: Taxed all printed documents and papers; payment of the tax in specie (gold or silver coinage); repealed 1766 Quartering Act, 1765 Colonies must provide housing for troops in public buildings and feed them, expired by 1772 Declaratory Act, 1766 Repeals Stamp Act; Declares Parliament can make colonial laws Townshend Act, 1767 Import duty on lead, paint, glass, paper and tea, repealed 1770 Tea Act, 1773 Tax on tea in the colonies but not Britain; Monopoly to Bri sh East India Company to sell tea Intolerable Acts, 1774 Response to Boston Tea Party of 16 December 1773 Boston Port Bill Port of Boston Closed Mass. Government Act Town Mee ng illegal; Appointed Council, Judges, Sheriffs and Juries; Military governor Quartering Act Soldiers to be quartered in private homes Quebec Act Ohio Valley given to Quebec; Catholic tolera on in Quebec Conciliatory Act, 1775 Any colony that contributes to the common defense and support of civil government would be relieved of paying taxes and du es; No ce arrived in colonies too late to affect events The Boston Massacre, 5 March 1770: The result of tensions between Bri sh troops and the residents of colonial Boston Boston Tea Party on 16 December 1773 Bostonians protest the import tax on tea and the monopoly given to the Bri sh East India Company. 90,000 pounds of tea worth £9000 dumped into Boston Harbour; Parliament closes the Port of Boston. Quebec Act of 1774
Expanded Quebec to include the Great Lakes and Ohio River Valley Roman Catholics allowed to hold office a er oath of allegiance to the Crown was changed to delete religious references Governor was to be appointed by the Crown and rule with a legisla ve council, but no elected assembly French civil law was restored; Bri sh law maintained Seigneurial land system restored
Colonies angered: Virginia, New York and Pennsylvania saw it as a viola on of their grants to lands in the Ohio region Massachuse s and other colonies saw it as promo ng “Papism” and a step to tyrannical government First Con nental Congress 5 September 1774
Twelve colonies met in Philadelphia for seven weeks. Only Georgia and Nova Sco a did not a end.
Plan of Union: Create an American legisla ve body with some authority consent would be required before imperial measures took affect in the colonies.
Boyco Bri sh goods star ng 1 December 1774 if the Coercive or Intolerable Acts were not repealed. Trade with Britain fell 97% in 1775
Hold a Second Con nental Congress star ng 10 May 1775 and invite Quebec, Nova Sco a, Saint John’s Island, Georgia, East Florida, and West Florida; None sent delegates in May 1775.