SIR TITUS SALT, BARONET: TO HIS LIFE AND ITS LESSONS. DOWAGER LADY SALT, Of Crow Nest, THIS MEMOIR OF HIM WITH WHOM HER OWN BY LIFE WAS UNITED FORTY-SEVEN YEARS, REV. R. BALGARNIE, IS RESPECTFULLY DEDICATED, Minister of the South Cliff Church, Scarborough. AS A HUMBLE OFFERING OF AFFECTION, BOTH TO THE LIVING AND THE DEAD, BY With Portrait and Photographic Illustrations. THE AUTHOR. LONDON: HODDER AND STOUGHTON, PATERNOSTER ROW. MDCCCLXXVII. S. W. THEAKSTON & CO., PRINTERS, SCARBOROUGH. - 3 - - 4 - PREFACE. CONTENTS. CHAPTER I. THIS work has been written during the summer season, and amid the pressing duties Introductory that a large sea-side congregation entails. We are fully aware of its many imperfections; but, such as it is, we send it forth. It has been, throughout, a labour CHAPTER II. of love, which we have gladly performed, in memory of one whose long friendship Titus Salt’s Ancestry—His Grandparents’ Connection with Sheffield—Removal to has been to us, both an honour and a privilege. Though the lack of material, Leeds—His Father and Mother— Birthplace at Manor House, Morley — especially in connection with his earlier years, has rendered our task more difficult Historical Reminiscences of Morley and its People—Description of Manor House—Titus Salt twice Baptised—Childhood—Goes to a Dame School— than we anticipated, yet we have done our best. If the record of such a life shall Incidents of Schoolboy Life—Home Education—Titus Salt’s Bible furnish the reader with an example worthy of imitation,—if it shall stimulate him to CHAPTER III. lofty purpose, —above all, if it shall induce him to regulate his course by Christian principles, and “to seek those things which are above,”—the highest desires of the Removal from Morley—Crofton Farm—Historical Associations writer will be attained. — Farmhouse Licensed for Preaching—Titus Salt’s School Life at Wakefield — Testimony of Companions — His Schoolmaster— Titus Salt’s Personal Appearance — Home Life at Crofton—His Father’s Difficulties in Farming— What Titus is to be? Not a Doctor—The Accident that decided his Future—The Scarborough, November, 1877. Hand of God recognised— Goes into a Woolstapler’s Warehouse at Wakefield— Leaves Wakefield for Bradford — “ Stock-in-Trade” to Begin Life with CHAPTER IV. Titus Salt enters Bradford — Probable Origin of the word “Bradford “—Its Early History and Trade—Titus goes to Messrs. Rouse’s — Learns Woolstapling under John Hammond — Characteristics of the Firm —Titus at his Work— Thorough Knowledge of Business — Joins his Father in Woolstapling— Connects Himself with Horton Lane Sunday School— Rev. T. Taylor — Titus Salt as Librarian, Teacher, and Superintendent—Civil Outbreak in Bradford— Titus Salt’s Courage—Military Called Out—His Influence with the Working Classes Exemplified CHAPTER V. The Firm of “Daniel Salt and Son”—The Junior Partner—His Business Habits — Transaction at Dewsbury— Increase of Trade — Deference to his Father — Frugal Habits—Buys a Gold Watch with his First Earnings— His Friend, Mr. Henry Forbes—Resolves to give part of his Income to God—A Blessing upon it—End of the Bishop Blaize Festival — Mechanics’ Institute takes its Place— - 5 - - 6 - Bradford becomes the Metropolis of the Worsted Trade-Distinction between Exhibition Building in Hyde Park— Origin of Name “Ssltaire”—Preparations Worsted and Woollen Yarns—Mr. Titus Salt Falls in .Love — Works Hard and for Opening—Conversation with Lord Harewood Waits—Enterprise in Utillsing Donskoi Wool—Spins for Himself— Marriage—“ Our Titus.” CHAPTER X. CHAPTER VI. Opening of Saltaire-Great Banquet—Bill of Fare—Speeches on the Occasion—” The Peerage of Industry “—Concert in St. George’s Hall—Description of Mr. Titus Salt’s Personal Appearance—Utilising of Alpaca, not an Accident— “The Works”— Machinery—Erection of Town—Interior of Dwellings— Cotton Famine-Inspection of Sea. Weed—Alpacas at Crow Nest—Form and Day Schools Habits of the Animals—Discovery of a New Staple-Mr. Salt Visits Liverpool and sea a Nondescript Wool — Examination and Experiments— Buys the CHAPTER XI. whole Cargo—Adaptation of Machinery for Spinning it.’—Difficulties Overcome— Overtures to John Hammond—“A Man or a Mouse”— Material Erection of Saltaire Church—Description of it—Mr. Salt a Congregationalist— in Use before—Increase of Alpaca Trade-Introduction of Cotton Warps— Charity towards other Communions— Erection of Baths and Wash.Houses— Erection of Salem Chapel—Mr. and Mrs. D. Salt’s Connection with it—Their Erection of Almshouses—The Mills in full Operation—A. Workman at Death—Mr. Titus Salt at Business—Children Born at Bradford Fault—Visitors to Saltaire—Fairbairn and Dargan—Heilmann’s Combing Machine—Utilising of Mohair—The Angora Goat—Visit to Constantinople CHAPTER VII. of his Son—The ~fame of “Salt” Potent in the East CHAPTER XII Mr. Salt’s Busy Life—Habit of Early Rising—Example to Young Men— Attachment of his Workpeople—AnecdoteInstances of Punctuality— The Workpeople at Crow Nest—The Feast in the Grounds—Bill of Fare— Methodical Exactness—” Have you done, Sir? “—Whole-heartedness Presentation of his Bust—Address on the Occasion—Mr. Salt’s Reply—A Necessary to Success—Works out his Life’s Plan—Turns his Attention to Soirée Musicale—Spare Time Devoted to the Public Good—Welcome to Politics—Suppers in Warehouse—Bradford Enfranchised—His Political John Bright—Mr Salt as Chairman of Reform Conference—Candidate for Views—First Parliamentary Election— Elected Chief Constable—Bradford Parliamentary Honours—His Speeches on the Occasion—Letter to Incorporated—Made Alderman—Appointed Magistrate and Deputy Lieutenant EIectors—Elected as M. P. —Social Science Meetings at Bradford—Lord . Brougham at Saltaire—Congregational Union Meetings CHAPTER VIII. CHAPTER XIII. Mr. Salt Elected Mayor of Bradford—Address of Mr. H. Forbes on the Occasion— Free Trade Banquet—Mr. Salt a Free Trader—Alarming Condition of Removal to Methley Park — Description of Mansion and Estate — Farewell Operatives—Distress—Soup-Kitchens Needed—Religious and Moral Wants— Address on leaving Crow Nest — “A Carriage or a Castle”— He Resigns as Origin of St. George’s Hall—Singing before the Queen—Visitation of Member for Bradford — Parliamentary Life — Failing Health — Visits Cholera—The Mayor’s Philanthropy—Returning Tide—Operatives Feasted— Scarborough — “A Weary Man” — “A Word to the Weary”—Extract of a Bradford Obseruer . Sermon—Letter to Author—Death of Second Daughter—First Communion— CHAPTER IX. Service in the Hall at Methley Hospitalities at Crow Nest — Acts of Kindness — Death of Two Children — CHAPTER XIV. £1,000 given towards Peel Park — Election of Mr. R. Mllligan as M.P.—Mr. Salt’s Purpose to Retire from Business — Reconsiders his Purpose —Resolves Resigns his Seat in Parliament—Life at Methley—Erection of a New Church at to Remove his “Works” from Bradford—Selection of a Site near Shipley — Castleford—Attends Methley Parish Church—A Nonconformist, not a Mr. W. Fairbairn’s—Opinion of it—First Interview with Architects—Conver- Sectarian—Gift of £5,000 to the Sailors’ Orphanage—£5,000 to the Bi. sation about Plans and Cost — Selection of Engineer— Inquiries about the centenary Memorial — £2,500 to a New Church at Scarborough—Home - 7 - - 8 - Engagements—A Dinner Party— Gives up Smoking—” Random Tricks” in Visit to Scarborough—Returns Home to Die—His State of Mind in Advanced Years View of Death—He Passes Away—Notes of the End CHAPTER XV. CHAPTER XX. His Partners in Business — His Resolution Changed— Paris Exhibition of 1867 — Proposal of a Public Funeral—Cortege leaving Crow Nest—Its Progress through Correspondence about Saltaire— Receives the Legion of Honour — No Public Bradford—Public Bodies Represented Approaching Saltaire — Arrival at the House in Saltaire—Erection of the Club and Institute-Description of it— Church Gates— Burial Service—Extract from Dr. Campbell’s Address— Address at the Opening — Changed into a High School—Other Institutions at Funeral Service at Lightcliffe and Saltaire— “Out!” Saltaire CHAPTER XVI. Crow Nest Bought—Returns “Home “—Description of House and Grounds—Mr. Salt’s Daily Duties—Some of his Charities—His Gifts Conditioned—£10,000 to Lancaster Asylum and Bradford Infirmary—Livingstone and Moffat at Crow Nest—Baronetcy Conferred—Congratulations—Retrospect of Career— Opening of Church at Lightcliffe—Guthrie and Binney as Guests—Service for Children . CHAPTER XVII. “I’ve Finished Now”—Gift of a Park to Saltaire—Descrip.of Same — Presentation of his Portrait — Sir Titus’s Acknowledgment—The Children’s Gift— Illustrious Visitors to Saltaire—The Royal Albert Hall—Visits London and Scarborough — Sir Titus and the Fishwoman —Marriage of his Eldest Daughter—Gift to London City Mission—Hawke’s Bible Stand—His Interest in Bible Women—Pastors’ Retiring Fund—£11,000 to Bradford Grammar School—Views on Church and State—Local Politics—Sundry Charities CHAPTER XVIII Birthday Fete at Crow Nest—Description of it—Speech of Sir Titus Salt—Erection of the Salt Statue—Inauguration by the Duke of Devonshire—Testimony by S. Morley, M.P., Lord F. Cavendish, M.P., John Crossley, M.P., and H. W. Ripley, M.P.—Medal Struck—Erection and Opening of Saltaire Sunday Schools. CHAPTER XIX. Decline of Health—Personal Appearance Now—” The Father of the Community “—His Increasing Generosity— Cheering Letters—Last Visit to London—Increasing Weakness—Conversation with the Writer—Rowland Hill’s Soliloquy—As “A Weaned Child “—Last - 9 - - 10 - SIR TITUS SALT, BARONET: public; but it had not once entered into his mind that to a hand so unskilled