Standards are the “Chromosomes” of Smart Grid Paul Johnson (TC 57) and Roland Hill (TC 13) SA National Committee of the IEC Presenter Paul Johnson Standards are the “Chromosomes” of Smart Grid • Smart Grid is not a thing, but a vision – it is and will be a never ending evolution • Only a smart grid vision built from strong “Chromosomes” [Standards] will adapt, survive, and grow, thus delivering value up to the expectation • Suitably engineered portfolio of standards will make it happen and sustain it 22 Summary • Smart grids in the context of Africa • The standardization challenge -globally • The challenges for Africa • What is happening internationally • IEC’s strategic approach • How is Africa engaging in this work • Role of AFSEC and national electrotechnical committees • Recommendations 3 Smart grids in the context of Africa • As with other developing economies, the technologies now available to the electricity supply industry offer Africa the opportunity to ‘leapfrog’ technology: in many cases from a “no-grid” status to a vastly improved electricity infrastructure. • The decision to ‘smarten the grid’ will depend on the business goals of each individual utility or country. • To manage the balance between demand and supply, • For better manage revenue management • To manage technical losses • Environmental management implications, • Smarter management of scarce resources • For integration of distributed generation • To achieve increased reliability 4 The standardization challenge - globally • However we choose to define ‘smart’ , or ‘smarter’ grids, fundamentally there will be an ever increasing application of ICT to manage the electricity grid. • The need for a systems approach is evident, with the breaking down of traditional organizational and technical ‘silos’. A evolution away from specifying functions of equipment in isolation, towards specifying the interfaces between components and subsystems that make up the electricity supply chain –from central generator to the end customers’ equipment • Thus the standards development bodies (SDOs) and user groups are challenged to also cooperate more closely 5 The standardization challenges - globally • Lack of awareness • Many standards developing organizations • Nature of electricity networks –many nodes ; tightly coupled; operating in real time • Integration of ‘short life span’ ICT with ‘long life-time’ electricity network assets • Interoperability required at all levels 6 The standardization challenge –for Africa • All the above AND • Many countries have a fragmented and incomplete electricity grid • Islands of customers supplied remotely and independently • Majority of population yet to be connected to a grid • Development of regional power pool networks and their interconnection are priorities to help balance demand/load 7 The challenge for Africa Some 75% (500million and growing) waiting for The size access to implies electricity and massive needs electrical and appliances opportunities conforming to for appropriate infrastructure standards development – requiring appropriate standards Acknowledgement Map - Spoor & Fischer Electricity consumption in Africa 1800 1600 1400 Southern 1200 North 1000 West Central 800 East 600 400 200 0 kWh/YEAR kWh/year one 8 W CFL running for a year! What is happening internationally? World Standards Cooperation (WSC) To strengthen and advance the voluntary consensus- based International Standards system of: • International Electrotechnical Commission • International Organization for Standardization • International Telecommunication Union 1010 What is happening internationally? World Standards Cooperation (WSC) To strengthen and advance the voluntary consensus- based International Standards system of: • International Electrotechnical Commission • International Organization for Standardization • International Telecommunication Union 1111 “EXPLOSION” OF SMART GRID STANDARD RELATED ACTIVITIES WORLDWIDE European Smart Energy Demand IEEE Coalition NIST CEN/CENELEC CIGRE ETSI DLMSA STSA GridWise Alliance - Global Smart Grid Association of ZIGBEE Federation home appliance Alliance manufacturers (HAN) PRIME Alliance (PLC) 12 IEC Strategic group (SG) 3 • IEC has established ‘strategic group’ SG3 • IEC already has , or is establishing “working liaisons” with complementary organizations (for example NIST) 13 IEC Strategic Group 3 – smart grid domains ) Active TC’s TC8 systems IEC TC13 meters IEC 60870 TC14 Xfrmers 61970 TC57 Dist Aut TC64 Inst’tins TC65 Industry TC77 CISPR TC82 Solar TC88 Wind TC95 Protection TC114 Marine ISO/IEC JTC1 Smart Grid Mapping Tool (2011) 14 IEC TC57 – Smart grid standards & dependencies 15 NIST –core standards identified [IEC TC 57] • IEC 61850 series common data format for substation automation • IEC 61968 series • IEC 61970 series Common information model • IEC 60870-6 exchange of information between control centres • IEC 62351 cyber security of above protocols 16 Standards for Requirements: a reference to manage trade-offs System requirements Sub system Sub system IntelliGrid Methodology for Sub system Developing Requirements Sub system for Energy Systems Sub system Standard Building blocks 1717 SYSTEM APPROACH (REF IEC/PAS 62559) Business case Use cases Detailed user requirements Functional requirements Technical specifications and technologies 18 1919 Example IEC 61968-9 reference models (metering) 20 Smart grids - Integration of technologies • HVDC/FACTS • Blackout Prevention/EMS • Advanced Distribution Management • Distribution Automation • Smart Substation Automation • Distributed Energy Resources • Advanced Meter Infrastructure • Demand Response and Load Management • Smart Home and Building Automation • Electric Storage • Electromobility and Condition Monitoring 21 liaison NIST 24 Technical Committees24 - standards 100 TC57 IEC SmartIEC Grid management and roadmap TC 8 TC 13 TC 64 GridSmart Strategic Group (SG3) Standard Management Board TC 69 (14 National Committees) ISO/IEC JTC1 TC 88 TC 82 TC 23 TC 65 TC 56 22 22 TC 77 African Electrotechnical Standardization Commission (AFSEC) • Initial 5 Technical Committees to mirror IEC TC 8: Systems aspects for electrical energy supply TC 13 : Electrical energy measurement, tariff- and load control TC 57 : Power systems management and associated information exchange TC 64 : Electrical installations and protection against electric shock TC 77 : Electromagnetic compatibility 23 Recommendations Do not invest technologies that do not comply with international standards. These will not integrate easily into a smart grid. Think long term • Do allocate resources to understand how the technology you are investing in today will interoperate with other systems • The business case for the initial building blocks (e.g. smart metering systems) needed will require a strategic motivation • The real return will be realised when these are integrated with other system (outage management, network optimization etc, etc) • Participate in AFSEC to share information about the standards available and how they can be implemented in African • Know what you have already – can it migrate/ be adapted to/integrate with the systems you are going to invest in 2424 FINAL MESSAGE Direct participation in Standards standardisation activities committee is not a ‘nice to have’ or something to be left to be done by others. It is a growing necessity that Africans need to embrace for successful evolution of a smart grid vision Thank you ! 25.