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Restoring Balance in Laguna Lake Region 2013 Ecological Footprint Report 2 3 Restoring Balance in Laguna Lake Region 2013 Ecological Footprint Report Restoring Balance in Laguna Lake Region 2013 Ecological Footprint Report 2 3 Restoring Balance in Laguna Lake Region 2013 Ecological Footprint Report Table of Contents 01 Message from the President of the Philippines 63 Next Steps Resource Limits in Policy 03 Foreword AusAID 67 Appendix A.i. Global Footprint Network Calculating the Ecological Footprint, Consumption, Production and Biocapacity 09 Laguna Lake Development Authority Message from the Laguna Lake Development Authority 71 Appendix A.ii. The Evolution of LLDA: A Strategic Response Multi-Regional Input-Output Analysis for the Ecological Footprint 19 Ecological Footprint, Biocapacity, and Overshoot Global Footprint Network The Global Context 75 Appendix A.iii. U.S. Office Methods for calculating Biocapacity of LLDA Region 312 Clay Street, Suite 300 25 The Philippines Oakland, California 94607-3510 USA Key Findings 77 Acknowledgements +1-510-839-8879 www.footprintnetwork.org 31 Laguna Lake Region Four Decades of Ecological Change Europe Offices Brussels, Belgium 41 Biocapacity of Laguna Lake Region Geneva, Switzerland What is Biocapacity? How Much Can Laguna Lake Region Provide Per Person? 49 Ecological Footprint of Laguna Lake Region The cover and pages of this book were What is the Ecological Footprint? The Global Hectare Metric printed on 9lives Offset paper, which is Our Ecological Footprint manufactured from 100% recycled fibre. The Consumption Land Use Matrix (CLUM) It is FSC and ISO 14001 certified. Ecological Footprint for Producing Things Message from the President Benigno Simeon C. Aquino III President, Republic of the Philippines Chairperson, Climate Change Commission 1 2 Message from Global Footprint Network Message from the AusAID Ecological constraints have become a significant Indeed, the Philippines is developing quickly as its determinant of economic success in the 21st century. economy shifts from agriculture to industry and The trends of each component of the food-energy- services, and its population grows. Though the climate nexus is amplified by their interconnection. UN’s Human Development Index has measured Each country is affected by these trends, but not major gains in the Philippines’ human development, equally. It matters tremendously for each country large portions of the population have yet to benefit. how it prepares itself. Therefore, it is Global Footprint Furthermore, the country has moved into a significant Network’s mission to help decision-makers to biocapacity deficit, which could reverse human address this nexus so they can choose successful development advancement, particularly as the global strategies. We do this by offering decision-tools competition for dwindling resources is accelerating that incorporate the reality of ecological limits. We want these tools to support countries in making their Yet we can sustain progress by prioritizing policies and investments most effective in this new development that works with nature’s budget. era of ecological constraints. Such development requires decision-making that focuses on strengthening natural assets, rather I am particularly thrilled with the Philippines’ than generating short-term income from liquidating commitment to sustainable development. With the them. In an ecologically constrained world, not leadership of the Office of the President’s Climate having sufficient access to natural capital can leave Change Commission and the French Agency for a country economically, politically and socially Development, in 2012 the Philippines became the vulnerable. first Southeast Asian country to adopt the Ecological Footprint. Phase I, documented in “A Measure for We are confident the Philippines can build a resilient Resilience: 2012 Report on the Ecological Footprint economy with Ecological Footprint accounting. We of the Philippines”, laid the foundation for ecological look forward to Phase III, a national sectorial analysis resource accounting in the Philippines. that will illustrate how different sectors depend on resources both within and beyond the country’s With support from AusAID in collaboration with borders– and identify where economic risks and the Laguna Lake Development Authority, this 2013 opportunities exist. As it strives to live within the report delineates Phase II, an in-depth look at means of nature, the Philippine government is forging resource availability and consumption patterns for an innovative path for other countries to follow. the Laguna Lake region. Not only does this region encompass the nation’s economic epicentre, Metro Manila, it also houses the most vulnerable provinces and municipalities to climate change and resource Dr. Mathis Wackernagel degradation. President 3 Global Footprint Network 4 Rich natural resources Rising incomes and and rapid development populations at risk 5 6 A life-giving lake and The Laguna Lake region has it all... flood-prone communities How can it restore balance? 7 8 Laguna Lake Development Authority 9 10 Message from the Laguna Lake Development Authority The story of resource use in the Philippines has taken Authority, and Global Footprint Network, seeks on two different realities. The Philippines is endowed to determine the biocapacity of the Laguna Lake with an abundance of natural resources, which region, which is among the richest, most productive have provided for the livelihood and sustenance of natural resources in the Philippines. It provides the Filipino people. On the one hand, the country’s key stakeholders, especially local governments, development path over decades has been heavily an understanding of the Ecological Footprint resource-dependent and unsustainable. Over- approach and how their decisions can have profound extraction and over-consumption of the country’s implications to the overall health of the lake basin natural resources have made the country more and the communities who directly rely on it. vulnerable to environmental degradation and climate change-related calamities. Such vulnerability further The accounting for the biocapacity and Ecological threatens sustainable development, especially in Footprint of the Laguna Lake region marks a critical ecosystems that include highly populated paradigm shift in the country’s deeper appreciation urban centers like that of the Laguna Lake Basin. and wise utilization of its resource-rich ecosystems. With this new lens with which to view and shape The “Restoring Balance in Laguna Lake Region: policy on sustainable growth and natural resource 2013 Report on the Ecological Footprint of the management, the country can move towards not only Region”, a collaborative undertaking of the Laguna a more sustainable development track but a more Lake Development Authority, AusAID, the Climate resilient and climate-adaptive future. Change Commission, the Metro Manila Development Secretary JR Nereus O. Acosta, Ph.D. General Manager Laguna Lake Development Authority / Presidential Adviser for Environmental Protection 11 12 Provinces & Municipalities in the Laguna Lake Region NATIONAL CAPITAL REGION CITIES LLDA JURISDICTION • RIZAL Manila Malabon Manila • MANILA Mandaluyong Pateros Marikina Marikina Navotas Pasig Pasig Taguig Quezon City Quezon City Valenzuela Caloocan Caloocan Las Piñas Muntinlupa LAGUNA San Juan Makati Pasay DE BAY Muntinlupa Paranaque Pateros Pasay Taguig • CAVITE • LAGUNA REGION IV A, CALABARZON • QUEZON PROVINCES LLDA JURISDICTION • BATANGAS Batangas Municipalities: Malvar, Sto. Tomas 31 municipalities, 3 cities City: Tanauan Cavite Municipalities: Carmona, GMA, Silang 17 municipalities, 6 cities City: Tagaytay Laguna All 25 municipalities 25 municipalities, 5 cities All 5 cities Quezon Municipalities: Lucban 39 municipalities, 2 cities Rizal All 13 municipalities 13 municipalities, 1 city 1 city 13 14 The Evolution of the LLDA A Strategic Response Recognizing the vast potentials of the lake and its agency to manage the lake amidst the multiple environs for further development and the perceived political jurisdictions in the watershed. threats from the rapidly changing character of the lake region, the political leaders of the provinces Three years after the enactment of R.A.4850, of Rizal and Laguna moved to enact in the early the LLDA was organized as a semi-government 60s a legislation that was geared towards the corporation. Presidential Decree (P.D.) 813 of management of the lake and its resources, and to 1975 further expanded LLDA’s mandate to control environmental degradation. Their initiative address environmental concerns and conflicts was intended to facilitate rational utilization of the over jurisdiction and control of the lake. This was lake resources. They envisioned that the creation followed by Executive Order (E.O.) 927 of 1983, of an “Authority” would facilitate cooperation, which further strengthened the institutional, financial coordination and pooling of resources among and administrative responsibilities of the Authority national government agencies, local governments including its regulatory functions in industrial pollution. and the private sector (Francisco 1985). Manila Development Authority, Province of Rizal, than 30 water-related government agencies, The LLDA coordinates with over 30 environment Province of Laguna, Leagues of Mayors of Rizal and non-governmental and private organizations On July 18, 1966, the Laguna Lake Development and natural resources and water-related agencies/ Laguna Provinces, private investors, and the LLDA operating in the Laguna de Bay Region, which are Authority was created through Republic
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