Redalyc.Atlantic Forest Regeneration in Abandoned Plantations Of

Interciencia ISSN: 0378-1844 [email protected] Asociación Interciencia Venezuela

Troncone Evaristo, Vinicios; Alvarenga Braga, João Marcelo; Trindade Nascimento, Marcelo Atlantic Forest regeneration in abandoned plantations of eucalypt (Corymbia citriodora (Hook.) K.D.Hill and L.A.S.Johnson) in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Interciencia, vol. 36, núm. 6, junio, 2011, pp. 431-436 Asociación Interciencia Caracas, Venezuela

Disponible en: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=33919418006

Cómo citar el artículo Número completo Sistema de Información Científica Más información del artículo Red de Revistas Científicas de América Latina, el Caribe, España y Portugal Página de la revista en redalyc.org Proyecto académico sin fines de lucro, desarrollado bajo la iniciativa de acceso abierto Atlantic Forest regeneration in abandoned plantations of eucalypt (Corymbia citriodora (Hook.) K.D.Hill and L.A.S.Johnson) in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Vinicios Troncone Evaristo, João Marcelo Alvarenga Braga and Marcelo Trindade Nascimento

SUMMARY

This study evaluated the floristic and phytosociological species, followed by Myrtaceae and Bignoniaceae. Annonaceae structure of the native tree community of the Atlantic Forest was the family that had the greatest number of individuals, fol- in five plantations of eucalypt Corymbia( citriodora) abandoned lowed by Myrtaceae and Sapindaceae. The density and basal since 1996 in the União Biological Reserve, Rio de Janeiro, area per ha, by stands, ranged from 0 to 1010 individuals and Brazil. Eleven years after abandonment, plots of 20×10m were 0 to 9.9m2·ha-1, respectively. Species richness ranged from 0 established totaling 0.1ha, in five different stands. A total of (stand 4) to 22 (stand 2). The results indicate a low natural 219 individuals with DBH ≥5cm were sampled and distributed regeneration in the understory of the eucalypt stands 11 years in 18 families and 36 species. The most important species were after abandonment. The possible inhibitory role of Corymbia Xylopia sericea, Eugenia supraaxillaris, Cupania oblongifolia citriodora in the establishment and growth of native tree spe- and Annona dolabripetala. Fabaceae was the richest family in cies is discussed.

Introduction These species have great eco- closest to the native forest in cies of eucalypt, such as Cor- nomic importance, being wide- terms of soil loss. However, ymbia citriodora (Hook.) K. The Atlantic forest is suf- ly used in the production of studies of impact on the soil by D. Hill & L. A. S. Johnson (≡ fering a continual process of paper and charcoal, in the eucalypt plantations are still Eucalyptus citriodora Hook.) fragmentation of its original pharmaceutical, cosmetic and incipient. have been considered harmful forest cover, resulting in loss perfumery industries, in the The use of forest plantations because of allelopathy (Ni of biodiversity (Scariot et al., manufacture of cleaning sup- for land reclamation and as a shimura et al., 1984) and their 2005). It is believed that this plies, and in construction, catalyst for restoration of native slow decomposition (Rezende biome has been reduced to among others. Their rapid forests has been considered an et al., 2001), which could com- about 7% of its original area growth, high resistance to important strategy since, in plicate or even prevent the ger- (Myers et al., 2000). Human drought, high re-growth capac- general, they present a rapid mination and growth of other pressure in the Atlantic forest ity, low cost of establishment growth and provide favorable species (Clark and Clark, 1991; has generally been related to of plantations and low require- conditions for germination and Schneider, 2003, Ostertag et al., the expansion of agro-forestry, ments of soil quality and rain- establishment of native species 2008). Other concerns common which entails the replacement fall make many species of eu- (Parrota et al., 1997; Feyera et to the eucalypt species are re- of native forests by planta- calypt ideal for reforestation al., 2002). Some studies have lated to the reduction of tions of sugar cane, pastures (Schneider, 2003). Pires et al. shown that eucalypt plantations groundwater due to overuse, and eucalypt plantations for (2006) stressed the importance can be successfully used in the growth suppression of other industrial use (Lima, 1996). of the percentage of ground recovery of degraded areas, species that may cause an in- In Brazil it is estimated that cover provided by eucalypt lit- serving as a facilitator for the crease in soil erosion and, fi- the plantation of different spe- ter in plantations. According to regeneration of native species nally, the low capacity of euca- cies of eucalypt occupy an area these authors, this is a key fac- (Silva Júnior et al., 1995; lypt forests to support fauna >3×10 6ha (Mora and García, tor in reducing soil loss by ero- Geldenhuys, 1997; Feyera et (Schneider, 2003). 2000), with the highest concen- sion; they conclude that among al., 2002; Sartori et al., 2002; In this context, the objective tration in the states of Paraná, the studied forest systems, the Souza et al., 2007; Nóbrega et of the present work was to São Paulo and Minas Gerais. eucalypt plantation was the al., 2008). However, some spe- evaluate the structure and flo-

Keywords / Atlantic Forest / Corymbia citriodora / Eucalypt / Natural Regeneration / Stand / Tree Community / Received: 01/05/2010. Modified: 04/28/2011. Accepted: 04/29/2011.

Vinicios Troncone Evaristo. zil. e-mail: vtevaristo@gmail. Janeiro (JBRJ), Brazil. e-mail: tro de Biociências e Biotecno- Biologist. Master in Ecology com [email protected] logia, UENF. Av. Alberto and Natural Resources, Uni- João Marcelo Alvarenga Braga. Marcelo Trindade Nascimento. Lamego 2000, Pq. Califórnia, versidade Estadual do Norte Biologist. D.Sc. in Botany, Biologist. Ph.D. in Ecology, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro Universidade Federal do Rio University of Stirling, Scot- Brazil. e-mail: [email protected] (UENF), Brazil. Currently at de Janeiro (UFRJ), Brazil. Re- land, UK. Professor, UENF, Secretaria do Meio Ambiente searcher, Instituto de Pesquisas Brazil. Address: Laboratório do Estado de São Paulo, Bra- Jardim Botânico do Rio de de Ciências Ambientais, Cen-

JUN 2011, VOL. 36 Nº 6 0378-1844/11/06/431-06 $ 3.00/0 431 regeneraCIÓN DE LA SELVA ATLÁNTICA EN PLANTACIONES ABANDONADAS DE EUCALIPTO (Corymbia citriodora (Hook.) K. D. Hill and L. A. S. Johnson) En Rio de Janeiro, BraSil Vinicios Troncone Evaristo, João Marcelo Alvarenga Braga y Marcelo Trindade Nascimento RESUMEN

Se evaluó la estructura florística y fitosociológica de la milia más abundante fue Fabaceae, seguida por Myrtaceae y comunidad de árboles nativos de la Selva Atlántica en cinco Bignoniaceae. La familia con el mayor número de individuos plantaciones de eucalipto (Corymbia citriodora) abandonadas fue Annonaceae, seguida por Myrtaceae y Sapindaceae. La desde 1996 en la Reserva Biológica União, Río de Janeiro, densidad y área basal por ha, por parcela, fue de 0 a 1010 in- Brasil. Once años después de ser abandonadas se establecie- dividuos y de 9,9m2·ha-1, respectivamente. La riqueza de espe- ron lotes de 20×10m, totalizando 0,1ha, en cinco parcelas di- cies osciló entre 0 (parcela 4) y 22 (parcela 2). Los resultados ferentes. El muestreo incluyó un total de 219 individuos con indican una regeneración natural baja en el sotobosque de las DAP ≥5cm, distribuidos en 18 familias y 36 especies. Las es- parcelas de eucalipto tras 11 años de abandono. Se discute el pecies más importantes fueron Xylopia sericea, Eugenia supra- posible papel inhibitorio de Corymbia citriodora en el estable- axillaris, Cupania oblongifolia y Annona dolabripetala. La fa- cimiento y crecimiento de especies nativas.

regeneraÇÃO DA SELVA ATLÂNTICA EM PLANTAÇÕES ABANDONADAS DE EUCALIPTO (Corymbia citriodora (Hook.) K.D.Hill E L.A.S.Johnson) NO Rio de Janeiro, BraSil Vinicios Troncone Evaristo, João Marcelo Alvarenga Braga e Marcelo Trindade Nascimento RESUMO

Avaliou-se a estrutura florística e fitosociológica da comu- abundante foi Fabaceae, seguida por Myrtaceae e Bignoniace- nidade de árvores nativas da Selva Atlântica em cinco plan- ae. A família com o maior número de indivíduos foi Annonace- tações de eucalipto (Corymbia citriodora) abandonadas des- ae, seguida por Myrtaceae e Sapindaceae. A densidade e área de 1996 na Reserva Biológica União, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. basal por ha, por parcela, foram de 0 a 1.010 indivíduos e de Onze anos depois de ser abandonadas se estabeleceram lotes 9,9m2·ha-1, respectivamente. A riqueza de espécies oscilou en- de 20×10m, totalizando 0.1ha, em cinco parcelas diferentes. tre 0 (parcela 4) e 22 (parcela 2). Os resultados indicam uma A amostragem incluiu um total de 219 indivíduos com DAP regeneração natural baixa no sotobosque das parcelas de eu- ≥5cm, distribuídos em 18 famílias e 36 espécies. As espécies calipto após 11 anos de abandono. Discute-se o possível papel mais importantes foram Xylopia sericea, Eugenia supraaxillaris, inibitório de Corymbia citriodora no estabelecimento e cresci- Cupania oblongifolia e Annona dolabripetala. A família mais mento de espécies nativas.

ristic composition of eucalypt dustrial use, roads, power and sale. RFFSA was privatized in of the plantations, according to (Corymbia citriodora) planta- communication towers, rail- 1996, but with the influence of Miranda et al. (2007) is dis- tions abandoned since 1996, way, gas pipelines and aban- the scientific community and trophic red-yellow podzolic. aiming to identify whether the doned pastures. The REBIO civil society in favor of con- establishment of native Atlan- União, formerly known as Fa- serving the habitat of the rare Eucalypt stands tic forest tree species is occur- zenda União, has had part of primate Leontopithecus rosalia ring in the understory of these its original forest cover re- (Golden Lion Tamarin), the There are 47 stands of euca- plantations and what are the moved and transformed into Brazilian Institute of Environ- lypt (Corymbia citriodora) in main species and ecological fuel for steam powered loco- ment and Natural Resources the REBIO União, ranging groups to which these species motives since the 1930s. In the (IBAMA) created the REBIO from 0.21 to 16.36ha, with a belong. 1960s this area became the União in 1998. total area of ~220ha (IBAMA, property of the Federal Rail- The climate in the region of 2007). From these, five stands Materials and Methods ways enterprise (RFFSA), the biological reserve is tropi- were selected based on age, which initiated the eucalypt cal humid (Nimer, 1979), with spacing between individuals Study Area plantations. The first species an average annual temperature and land use. These stands introduced was Eucalyptus of 25.6ºC and rainfall ~2100 have a number of eucalypt The União Biological Re- grandis W. Hill ex Maiden, mm/year, with 80% of the trees ranging from 750 to 980 serve (REBIO União) was of- for the production of firewood rainfall concentrated between individuals/ha and a total basal ficially created in 1998 and is and charcoal. In the 1970s, October and April (unpub- area of 20.2-25.7m2·ha-1. As located in the municipality of with the replacement of steam lished data of the Transloca- common characteristics, all Rio das Ostras, Rio de Janei- powered locomotives by elec- tion Program of the Golden stands had a fragment of the ro, Brazil, at 22º27’30’’S and tric trains, the species Corym- Lion Tamarin Association). Atlantic forest within 400m 42º02’15”W. It occupies an bia citriodora was planted for According to the IBGE (1992) and had been treated with the area of 2550ha, with ~2200ha the production of sleepers used classification, the vegetation of same silvicultural techniques, of Atlantic Forest and 220ha in the construction of railways. the REBIO União has lowland receiving liming and NPK fer- of eucalypt plantations (IB- In 1992 the process of privati- and submontane formations tilization during the establish- AMA, 2007). The rest is oc- zation of RFFSA was initiated, and is classified as Dense ment of the stand and pruning, cupied by areas of former in- and the farm was placed for Tropical Rainforest. The soil and cleaning every three-years

432 JUN 2011, VOL. 36 Nº 6 with a cutting cycle of 7, 14 Table I International Plant Names In- and 21 years. It is emphasized Results obtained in five stands in eucalypt dex (www.ipni.org/index.html) that the stands were aban- plantations (Corymbia citriodora) in the União and Missouri Botanical Gar- doned in 1996 and since then Biological Reserve, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil den (http://mobot. mobot.org/ have not received any type of W3T/Search/vast.html). Stand N D AB S fam H’ J’ silvicultural intervention. For analysis of phytosocio- 1 101 1010 9.9 17 12 2.1 0.73 logical parameters the program Floristic and structural 2 80 800 5.7 22 10 2.7 0.9 FITOPAC1 (Shepherd, 1995) characterization 3 1 10 0.03 1 1 0 0 was used and values of rela- 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 tive density, relative domi- In each of the five chosen 5 37 370 4.0 20 12 2.7 0.92 nance index, cover value index stands five plots of 10×20m Total 219 2190 19.63 36 18 - - (CVI) and basal area (BA) were located randomly, for a were calculated according to N: number of individuals, D: density (ha-1), AB: basal area (m2·ha-1), S: and total of 0.1ha in each stand. In richness, fam: number of families, H’: Shannon diversity index, and J’: Mueller-Dombois and Ellen- each plot all living individuals evenness. berg (1974). with DBH ≥5cm were marked The species were classified and measured. Data collection Herbarium UENF, in the Cen- classified according to APG II within the guilds or ecological was conducted between Febru- ter for Bioscience and Biotech- (2003). The spelling of the bi- groups proposed by Gandolfi ary and March 2007. nology, Universidade Estadual nomials and the abbreviations et al. (1995), being pioneers, The material collected for do Norte Fluminense Darcy of the authors of the species early or late secondary spe- botanical identification and Ribeiro. The families were were checked and updated cies. The term ‘unclassified’ is vouchers were deposited in the listed in alphabetical order and based on the websites of the used when, due to the lack of ecological information, the Table II species could not be placed in List of species (DBH ≥5cm) observed in stands 1-5 of eucalypt any of the above categories. in the União Biological Reserve, Rio de Janeiro, BraziL* This classification was based mainly on the work of Carv- Family Species 1 2 3 5 UC DS alho et al. (2006) and Carval- Annonaceae Guatteria campestris R.E.Fr. X X Si Zoo ho and Nascimento (2009). Annonaceae Annona dolabripetala Raddi X X Si Zoo Besides these features, the dis- Annonaceae Xylopia sericea A.St.-Hill. X X X Pi Zoo persal syndromes of diaspores Asteraceae Piptocarpha macropoda (DC.) Baker X X Pi Ane according to Van der Pijl Asteraceae Vernonanthura discolor (Spreng.) H.Rob. X Pi Ane (1982) was also used, and the Bignoniaceae Cybistax antisyphilitica (Mart.) Mart. X X Si Ane species were classified as ane- Bignoniaceae Jacaranda bracteata Bureau & K.Schum X Si Ane mochoric, autochoric and Bignoniaceae Jacaranda puberula Cham. X X Si Ane zoochoric. Bignoniaceae Sparattosperma leucanthum (Vell.) K.Schum. X X Pi Ane Erythroxylaceae Erythroxylum pulchrum A.St.-Hil. X St Zoo Results Euphorbiaceae Pera glabrata (Schott) Poepp. ex Baill. X Si Zoo Fabaceae Apuleia leiocarpa (Vogel) J.F.Macbr. X Si Ane Structure Fabaceae Dalbergia frutescens (Vell.) Britton X X St Ane Fabaceae Dalbergia nigra (Vell.) Allemão ex Benth. X X St Ane A total of 219 individuals Fabaceae Exostyles venusta Schott ex Spreng. X St Zoo of native trees were collect- Fabaceae Peltogyne angustiflora Ducke X St Ane ed, with density ranging Fabaceae Piptadenia gonoacantha (Mart.) J.F.Macbr. X X Pi Ane from zero (stand 4) to 1010 Fabaceae Swartzia oblata R.S.Cowan X St Zoo individuals/ha (stand 1) and Lacistemataceae Lacistema pubescens Mart. X X Si Zoo basal area from zero (stand Lauraceae Licaria bahiana H.W.Kur tz X St Zoo 2 -1 Lecythidaceae Lecythis lanceolata Poir. X St Zoo 4) to 9.9m ·ha (stand 1). Malpighiaceae Byrsonima sericea DC. X Pi Zoo Stand 3 had only one individ- Melastomataceae Miconia cinnamomifolia (DC.) Naudin X X X Pi Zoo ual, Myrsine coriacea, in the Meliaceae Guarea guidonia (L.) Sleumer X X Si Zoo plots sampled (Table I). Only Meliaceae Guarea macrophylla Vahl X X St Zoo two standing dead individuals Myrsinaceae Myrsine coriacea (Sw.) R.Br. ex Roem. and Schult. X Si Zoo were found in the 25 plots Myrtaceae Eugenia dodonaeifolia Cambess. X Sc Zoo (0.5ha), one in stand 1 and an- Myrtaceae Eugenia supraaxillaris Spring X X Sc Zoo other in stand 5, accounting for Myrtaceae Myrcia anceps (Spreng.) O.Berg X X X Sc Zoo only 0.9% of the total density. Myrtaceae Myrcia splendens (Sw.) DC. X X Sc Zoo Salicaceae Casearia arborea (Rich.) Urb. X Si Zoo Floristic composition and Salicaceae Casearia sylvestris Sw. X Si Zoo diversity Sapindaceae Cupania oblongifolia Mart. X X X Si Zoo Sapindaceae Cupania racemosa (Vell.) Radlk. X X St Zoo The 219 individuals sampled, Sapotaceae Pradosia lactescens (Vell.) Radlk. X St Zoo considering the five stands, Siparunaceae Siparuna guianensis Aubl. X X Si Zoo were distributed in 18 families * Stand 4 did not have native individuals with DBH ≥5cm. and 36 species (Tables II and Pi: pioneer, Si: early secondary, St: late secondary, UC: unclassified, DS: dispersal syndrome, Ane: anemochoric, III). All species were identified and Zoo: zoochoric. (Table III), 60% had up to 3

JUN 2011, VOL. 36 Nº 6 433 individuals and 11 species Table III Discussion (30.5%) had only one individu- Phytosociological parameters of the species al (Table III). in eucalypt plantations of the União Biological The occurrence of Annona- Fabaceae was the richest Reserve, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, totaling 0.5ha* ceae as the most important family in terms of number of family in the understory of the species (7), followed by Myrta- Species n DR DoR AB CVI eucalypt plantations studied, ceae and Bignoniaceae with Xylopia sericea 50 22.83 23.67 0.464 46.50 especially in abundance, has four species each. Annonaceae Eugenia supraaxillaris 15 6.85 9.55 0.187 16.40 not been observed in areas of was the family with the great- Cupania oblongifolia 18 8.22 6.93 0.136 15.15 mature forest in the region est number of individuals (68), Annona dolabripetala 15 6.85 8.23 0.161 15.08 (Kurtz and Araujo, 2000; followed by Myrtaceae, Bigno- Sparattosperma leucanthum 15 6.85 5.90 0.116 12.75 Moreno et al., 2003; Ro- Piptadenia gonoacantha 6 2.74 8.31 0.163 11.05 niaceae and Sapindaceae with drigues, 2004). However, other Myrcia anceps 11 5.02 5.16 0.101 10.18 36, 24 and 23 individuals, re- Lacistema pubescens 11 5.02 4.30 0.084 9.32 authors such as Borém and spectively. Of the seven species Miconia cinnamomifolia 8 3.65 2.64 0.052 6.30 Oliveira-Filho (2002), Pessoa of Fabaceae, four had only one Myrcia splendens 9 4.11 1.44 0.028 5.54 and Oliveira (2006), Carvalho individual (Table III). Cupania racemosa 6 2.74 2.21 0.043 4.95 et al. (2007) and Christo et al. The five most important spe- Piptocarpa macropoda 3 1.37 3.50 0.069 4.87 (2009) reported Annonaceae as cies in the stands (Table III) Casearia sylvestris 4 1.83 2.31 0.045 4.14 the most representative family were Xylopia sericea, Eugenia Siparuna guianensis 6 2.74 1.40 0.027 4.14 in species richness and/or supraaxillaris, Cupania oblon- Casearia arborea 3 1.37 1.90 0.037 3.27 abundance in secondary for- gifolia, Annona dolabripetala Dalbergia frutescens 4 1.83 1.24 0.024 3.06 ests in this region. It should be and Sparattosperma leucan- Dalbergia nigra 3 1.37 1.59 0.031 2.96 noted that the importance of thum. These species accounted Guatteria campestris 3 1.37 1.43 0.028 2.80 this family, both in plantations for ~50% of the total CVI. Byrsonima sericea 3 1.37 1.28 0.025 2.65 and in secondary forests, re- Of the 36 species sampled Pradosia lactecens 3 1.37 1.00 0.020 2.37 sults from the high density in plots, 19% were pioneers, Cybistax antasyphiletica 3 1.37 0.63 0.012 2.00 and dominance of the pioneer 39% were early secondary and Jacaranda puberula 3 1.37 0.53 0.011 1.90 species Xylopia sericea and 32% were late secondary, and Guarea macrophylla 2 0.91 0.59 0.012 1.50 Annona dolabripetala. 11% were unclassified (Table Guarea guidonia 2 0.91 0.51 0.010 1.43 The most species rich fami- II). However, in relation to the Jacaranda bracteata 2 0.91 0.32 0.006 1.23 lies in the understory of the number of individuals sam- Exostyles venusta 1 0.46 0.50 0.010 0.95 plantations, Fabaceae and pled, 39.4% were pioneers, Lecythis lanceolata 1 0.46 0.49 0.010 0.95 Myrtaceae, are among those Pera glabrata 1 0.46 0.43 0.009 0.89 33.5% were early secondary, with greater richness in the Peltogyne angustiflora 1 0.46 0.40 0.008 0.86 10.5% were late secondary and Eugenia dodonaeifolia 1 0.46 0.35 0.007 0.81 region and are well represent- 16.5% were unclassified. Re- Licaria bahiana 1 0.46 0.31 0.006 0.77 ed along the Brazilian coast garding the dispersal syn- Vernonanthura discolor 1 0.46 0.30 0.006 0.75 (Peixoto and Gentry, 1990). drome, about 70% of the spe- Erythroxylum pulchrum 1 0.46 0.25 0.005 0.71 The absence of native indi- cies were zoochoric (Table II), Myrsine coriacea 1 0.46 0.14 0.003 0.60 viduals with DBH ≥5.0cm at ranging from 64% (stand 2) to Swartzia oblata 1 0.46 0.13 0.003 0.58 stand 4 and the presence of 76.5% (stand 1). Considering Apuleia leiocarpa 1 0.46 0.12 0.002 0.58 only one individual at stand 3 the number of individuals, the seems to result from a fire in percentage of animal-dispersed * Species are ranked by decreasing value of CVI. n: number of individuals, 2001, which probably de- dr: relative density, DoR: relative dominance, BA: basal area (m2), CVI: individuals in the total sample cover value index. stroyed the regeneration layer was 81%. and allowed an increase in the At stand 1, 17 species divid- abundance of the Capim-sapê ed into 12 families were ob- Stand 2 showed the high- only one native individual (Imperata brasiliensis Trin.) served (Tables I and II). At this est richness among the (stand 3) (Tables I and II). and also from the location of stand the species that showed stands, 22 species belonging Stand 5 was the second this stand at the top of a hill- the highest value of IVC was to 10 families (Tables I and richest (20 species divided ock, which may limit the ar- X. sericea (84.39), representing II). At this stand the most into 12 families), in which 13 rival of propagules dispersed 41.6% of native tree individuals important family was also species occurred with only from the adjacent forest, and at this stand. Other important Annonaceae, followed by one single individual (Tables I may inhibit the development of species were E. supraaxillaris Bignoniaceae and Myrtace- and II). The most important seedlings of native tree spe- and C. oblongifolia. These ae. The most important spe- families were Fabaceae, Sali- cies. three species represent 66.3% cies was A. dolabripetala caceae and Annonaceae (Ta- Among the species that of individuals. Due to the high- with a CVI of 42.9. Howev- ble II). Piptadenia gonoacan- prominently appeared in the er density of X. sericea, the er, this species was not the tha was the most important plantations (Table III), only most important family was An- most abundant (16.25%), species, with four individuals Cupania oblongifolia appeared nonaceae, followed by Myrta- with S. leucanthum showing (10.8% of the total density) among the most important in ceae and Sapindaceae. The oc- the highest values of relative and the highest CVI (45.49) in other studies in the State of currence at this stand of a sin- density (17.5%) and the sec- this stand. This high value of Rio de Janeiro (Guedes-Bruni gle individual of Licaria bahi- ond most important CVI CVI was due to the value of et al., 1997; Pessoa et al., ana, which is the first citation (37.39). the basal area, which, if con- 1997; Carvalho et al., 2007). of this species of Lauraceae for Stands 3 and 4 were dif- verted to relative dominance, Considering that the most im- the flora of the State of Rio de ferentiated by the absence represented 34.7% of the total portant native species within Janeiro, is emphasized. (stand 4) or the occurrence of basal area of the stand. the eucalypt plantations of RE-

434 JUN 2011, VOL. 36 Nº 6 BIO União were considered Table IV pioneers or early secondary Density (ind/ha), basal area (BA), richness (S) and Shannon diversity (H’) (Rolim et al., 1999; Carvalho in eucalypt plantations in the União Biological Reserve, Rio de Janeiro, et al., 2006) these would not Brazil, in areas of secondary forest in the region and other stands be expected to appear as the n BA S H’ Reference most important species in Place Inclusion * (ind/ha) m2·ha-1 studies that were carried out Stand 1 DAP ≥5cm 1010 9.9 17 2.1 This study in areas covered by mature Stand 2 DAP ≥5cm 800 5.7 22 2.7 This study forest or in advanced stages of ecological succession. Stand 3 DAP ≥5cm 10 0.03 1 - This study Comparing basal area and Stand 4 DAP ≥5cm 0 0 0 0 This study density values of natural re- Stand 5 DAP ≥5cm 370 4.0 20 2.7 This study generation in the understory of Macaé de Cima -disturbed sector DAP ≥5cm 2217 28 157 3.6 Pessoa et al., 1997 eucalypt plantations obtained Mata Rio Vermelho - RJ DAP ≥5cm 1745 29.1 106 3.9 Carvalho et al., in this study with those found 2007 at other locations (Table IV) a Ilha Grande - 5 years of abandonment DAP ≥2.5cm 1915 5.6 26 2.5 Oliveira, 2002 discrepancy may be noticed Ilha Grande - 25 years of abandonment DAP ≥2.5cm 2784 26.3 70 3.3 Oliveira, 2002 among the results, even if considered the minimum threshold Ilha Grande - 50 years of abandonment DAP ≥2.5cm 2273 32.4 63 3.1 Oliveira, 2002 for inclusion (DBH ≥5cm). Fazenda Biovert - Silva Jardim DAP ≥3.2cm 1608 18.4 129 4.1 Borém e Oliveira This fact increases the uncer- Filho, 2002 tainty regarding the use of Plantation of E. grandis - 30 years Cerrado DAP ≥3.2cm 3760 8.3 39 2.6 Neri et al., 2005 eucalypt plantations in the re- Plantation of E. saligna - SP stand LVA h ≥150cm 184 0.8 24 2.5 Sartori et al., 2002 covery of degraded areas, al- Plantation of E. saligna - SP stand LV h ≥150cm 1982 1.4 90 3.8 Sartori et al., 2002 though several studies have Plantation of E. grandis - MG DAP ≥5cm 634.5 17.9 123 - Silva Júnior et al., shown that eucalypt planta- 1995 tions can act as facilitators in Plantation of C. citriodora - cerrado SP DAP ≥5cm 1375 6.02 25 2.14 Durigan et al., 1997 the process of natural regen- Plantation of Eucalyptus sp. - SP CAP ≥10cm 960 - 63 - Tabarelli et al., eration (Tabarelli et al., 1993; 1993 Silva Júnior et al., 1995; Plantation of E. camaldulensis Malásia h ≥200cm 453 0.8 18 2.8 Bone et al., 1999 Durigan et al., 1997; Gelden- huys, 1997; Parrota et al., Inclusion: minimum threshold for inclusion in the sample. 1997; Feyera et al., 2002; Sar- tori et al., 2002; Souza et al. species in all stands sampled (Schneider, 2003). However, a community in reforested areas 2007; Nóbrega et al., 2008). (0.5ha; Table IV) agrees with more detailed assessment of should be avoided, since there Data on richness and diver- Bone et al. (1999), Saporetti the dispersers in these planta- are over 600 species (Lima, sity of native tree species (~20 Júnior et al. (2003), Neri et al. tions is necessary because 1996) of eucalypt (Corymbia species in 1000m2), when (2005) and Ostertag et al. about 70% of the species (n= spp. and Eucalyptus spp.) and compared with those obtained (2008), who observed a nega- 25) and 81% of the individuals the answers may differ depend- in native forests of Rio de Ja- tive effect of eucalypt planta- in the understory of the plan- ing on the species of eucalypt neiro, showed that the under- tions on the regeneration of tations studied are dispersed used and the different environ- story of eucalypt plantations in native species. by animals. mental conditions. the biological reserve are The low number of native The results indicate that de- much lower in diversity and species sampled in the under- spite being abandoned for ACKNOWLEDGMENTS number of species than sec- story of these stands corrobo- more than 11 years, the pro- ondary forests of the region rates the hypothesis that Cor- cess of regeneration of native The authors acknowledge (over 100 species; Table IV). ymbia citriodora is not a spe- species in eucalypt plantations CNPq and FAPERJ for finan- As expected, these differences cies that facilitates the regen- of the REBIO União seems to cial support to the project, IC- are even more evident when eration of native tree species be slow, with dominance of MBio/REBIO União for logis- compared to Rodrigues (2004), within the plantations, but pioneer tree species. Thus, the tical support, Helmo Siqueira who found over 200 species of rather may be acting as an data obtained in the eucalypt and Gerson Rocha for their trees with DBH ≥10cm in inhibitor. The mechanism of stands of the REBIO União do help during field work, re- 1.2ha of a well preserved natu- inhibition can be explained by not support the hypothesis of searchers from the JBRJ, espe- ral forest in the REBIO Union. the presence of allelopathy as the use of eucalypt as a facili- cially Adriana Lobão (An- However, this pattern is main- a negative effect on the germi- tator for the recovery of an nonaceae), Alexandre Quinet tained even when compared nation and/or growth of sev- original community of Atlantic (Lauraceae), Haroldo Caval- with a similar study by Silva- eral species (Nishimura et al., Forest. In this particular case, cante de Lima (Fabaceae) and Júnior et al. (1995), who found 1984; Singh et al. 1991), due the eucalypt Corymbia citrio- Elsie Franklin Guimarães 123 species of trees regenerat- to the liberation of essential dora seems to be inhibiting or (Piperaceae) for the identifica- ing in a Eucalyptus grandis oils from their leaves and that even preventing the growth tion of botanical material; W. Hill ex Maiden plantation ‘repel’ the faunal dispersers, and establishment of some na- Marcelo T. Nascimento thanks 10 years after abandonment, in by the small and hard fruits of tive species. CNPq for the research produc- the state of Minas Gerais. In Corymbia citriodora that are Finally, we believe that gen- tivity scholarship and Vinicios this sense, it can be considered not used as food by birds and eralizations about the use of T. Evaristo thanks FAPERJ/ that the low number of species mammals, and by the near eucalypt as a facilitator for re- UENF for his master’s schol- (20) found in 0.1ha and of 37 absence of refuges for fauna establishment of a native tree arship.

JUN 2011, VOL. 36 Nº 6 435 REFERENCES Geldenhuys CJ (1997) Native forest MG, Brasil. Acta Bot. Bras. União e os efeitos na Mata regeneration in pine and euca- 19: 369-376. Atlântica fragmentada. Tese. APG II (2003) An update of the lypt plantations in Northern Nimer E (1979) Climatologia do Universidade Estadual do Norte Angiosperm Phylogeny Group Province, South Africa. For. Brasil. IBGE. Rio de Janeiro, Fluminense. Campos dos Goy- classification for the orders and Ecol. Manag. 99: 101-115. Brasil. 422 pp. tacazes, Brasil. 136 pp. families of flowering plants: Guedes-Bruni RR, Pessoa SVA, Nishimura H, Nakamura T, Mizu- Rolim SG, Couto HTZ, Jesus RM APG II. Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 141: Kurtz BC (1997) Florística e tani J (1984) Allelopathic ef- (1999) Mortalidade e recruta- 399-436. estrutura do componente ar- fects of p-menthane-3,8-diols mento de árvores na Floresta Bone R, Lawrence M, Magombo Z bustivo-arbóreo de um trecho in Eucalyptus citriodora. Phy- Atlântica em Linhares (ES). (1999) The effect of a Euca- preservado de floresta Montana tochemistry 23: 2777-2779. Sci. Forest. 55: 49-69. lyptus camaldulensis (Dehn) na Reserva Ecológica de Ma- Nóbrega AMF, Valeri SV, Paula Saporetti Júnior AW, Meira Neto plantation on native woodland caé de Cima. In Lima HC, RC, Silva AS da (2008) Re- JAA, Almado R (2003) Fitos- recovery on Ulumba Mountain, Guedes-Bruni RR (Eds.) Serra generação natural em remanes- sociologia de sub-bosque de southern Malawi. For. Ecol. de Macaé de Cima: Diversi- centes florestais e áreas reflo- Cerrado em talhão de Eucalyp- Manage. 99: 83-99. dade florística e conservação restadas da várzea do Rio tus grandis W.Hill ex Maiden em Mata Atlântica. Instituto de Borém RAT, Oliveira-Filho AT Mogi-Guaçu, Luiz Antônio, no município de Bom Despa- Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do (2002) Fitossociologia do es- SP. Árvore 32: 909-920. cho, MG. Árvore 27: 905-910. Rio de Janeiro. Rio de Janeiro, trato arbóreo em uma topos- Brasil. pp. 129-145. Oliveira RR (2002) Ação antrópica Sartori MS, Poggiani F, Engel VL seqüência alterada de Mata e resultantes sobre a estrutura (2002) Regeneração da vegeta- Atlântica, no Município de IBAMA (2007) Plano de recupera- e composição da Mata Atlân- ção arbórea de um povoamento Silva Jardim-RJ, Brasil. Rev. ção ambiental dos eucaliptais tica em Ilha Grande, RJ. Ro- de Eucalyptus saligna Smith Árvore 26: 727-742. da Reserva Biológica União. driguésia 53: 33-58. localizado no Estado de São Reserva Biológica União/IB- Carvalho FA, Nascimento MT Paulo. Sci. Forest. 62: 86-103. AMA. Rio das Ostras, Brasil. Ostertag R, Giardina C, Cordell S (2009) Estrutura diamétrica da 141 pp. (2008) Understory colonization Scariot A, Freitas SR, Mariano comunidade e das principais of Eucalyptus plantations in Neto E, Nascimento MT, populações arbóreas de um IBGE (1992) Manual Técnico da Hawaii in relation to light and Oliveira LC, Sanaiotti T, Se- remanescente de Floresta Vegetação Brasileira. Série nutrient levels. Rest. Ecol. 16: vilha AC, Villela DM (2005) Atlântica Submontana (Silva Manuais Técnicos em Geociên- 475-485. Vegetação e Flora. In Ram- Jardim-RJ, Brasil). Rev. Árvore cias 1. IBGE. Rio de Janeiro, baldi DM, Oliveira DAS (Eds.) Brasil. 92 pp. Parrota JA, Turnbull JW, Jones N 33: 327-337. (1997) Catalyzing native forest Fragmentação de ecossiste- Carvalho FA, Nascimento MT, Kurtz BC, Araujo DSD (2000) regeneration on degraded trop- mas: Causas, efeitos sobre a Braga JMA (2006) Com- Composição florística e estru- ical lands. For. Ecol. Manag. biodiversidade e recomenda- posição e riqueza florística do tura do componente arbóreo de 99: 1-7. ções de políticas públicas. um trecho de mata atlântica na Ministério do Meio Ambiente, componente arbóreo da Flo- Peixoto AL, Gentry A (1990) Di- resta Atlântica submontana na Estação Ecológica Estadual do CID Ambiental. Brasília, Bra- Paraíso, Cachoeiras de Maca- versidade e composição flo- sil. pp. 103-123. região de Imbaú, Município de rística da mata de tabuleiro na Silva Jardim, RJ. Acta Bot. cu, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Ro- Schneider MF (2003) Conseqüên- driguésia 51: 69-112. Reserva Florestal de Linhares Bras. 20: 727-740. (Espírito Santo, Brasil). Rev. cias da acumulação de folhas Carvalho FA, Nascimento MT, Lima WP (1996) Impacto ambien- Bras. Bot. 13: 19-25. secas na plantação de eucalipto Braga JMA (2007) Estrutura e tal do eucalipto. 2ª ed. Univer- em Zitundo, Distrito de Matu- sidade de São Paulo. São Pau- Pessoa SVA, de Oliveira, RR tuíne. Bol. Inv. Florest. - Ma- composição florística do es- (2006) Análise estrutural da trato arbóreo de um remanes- lo, Brasil. 301 pp. téria Prima. (Moçambique). vegetação arbórea em três pp. 37-42. cente de Mata Atlântica sub- Miranda CC, Canellas LP, Nasci- fragmentos florestais na Reser- montana no município de Rio mento MT (2007) Caracteriza- va Biológica de Poço das An- Shepherd GJ (1995) FITOPAC 1: Bonito, RJ, Brasil (Mata Rio ção da matéria orgânica do tas, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Manual do Usuário. Departa- Vermelho). Rev. Árvore 31: solo em fragmentos de mata Rodriguésia 57: 391-411. mento de Botânica, Universi- 717-730. atlântica e em plantios abando- dade Estadual de Campinas. Pessoa SVA, Guedes-Bruni RR, Christo AG, Guedes-Bruni RR, nados de eucaliptos. Rev. Bras. Campinas, Brasil. 93 pp. Ciênc. Solo 31: 905-916. Kurtz BC (1997) Composição Sobrinho FAP, Silva AG, Peix- florística e estrutura do com- Silva Júnior MC, Scarano FR, oto AL (2009) Structure of the Mora AL, García CHA (2000) A ponente arbustivo-arbóreo de Cardel FS (1995) Regeneration shrub-arboreal component of Cultura do Eucalipto no Bra- um trecho secundário de flo- of an Atlantic Forest formation an Atlantic forest fragment on sil. Sociedade Brasileira de resta Montana na Reserva in the understory of a Euca- a hillock in the central lowland Silvicultura. São Paulo, Brasil. Ecológica de Macaé de Cima. lyptus grandis plantation in of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. In- 112 pp. In Lima HC, Guedes-Bruni south-eastern Brazil. J. Trop. terciencia 34: 232-239. Moreno MR, Nascimento MT, RR (Eds.) Serra de Macaé de Ecol. 11: 147-152. Clark DB, Clark DA (1991) The Kurtz BC (2003) Estrutura e Cima: Diversidade florística e Singh D, Kohli RK, Saxena DB impact of physical damage on composição florística do es- conservação em Mata Atlânti- (1991) Effect of eucalyptus oil Canupy tree regeneration in a trato arbóreo em duas zonas ca. Instituto de Pesquisas on germination and growth of tropical rain forest. J. Ecol. 79: altitudinais na Mata Atlântica Jardim Botânico do Rio de Phaseolus aureus Roxb. Plant 447-457. na região do Imbé, RJ. Acta Janeiro. Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Soil 137: 223-227. Durigan G, Franco GADC, Pastore Bot. Bras. 17: 371-386. pp. 147-167. Souza PB, Martins SV, Costalonga JA, Aguiar OT (1997) Regen- Mueller-Dombois D, Ellenberg H Pires LS, Silva MLN, Leite NCFP, SR, Costa GO (2007) Florísti- eração natural da vegetação de (1974) Aims and methods of Brito LF (2006) Water erosion ca e estrutura da vegetação cerrado sob floresta de Euca- vegetation ecology. John Wiley in post-planting eucalyptus arbustivo-arbórea do sub- lyptus citriodora. Rev. Inst. and Sons. New York, USA. forests at center-east region of bosque de um povoamento de Flor. 9: 71-85. 547 pp. Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Eucalyptus grandis W. Hill ex Feyera S, Beck E, Lüttge U (2002) Myers N, Mittermeier RA, Mitter- Pesq. Agropec. Bras. 41: 687- Maiden em Viçosa, MG, Bra- Exotic trees as nurse-trees for meier CG, Fonseca GAB, Kent 695. sil. Rev. Árvore 31: 533-543. the regeneration of natural trop- J (2000) Biodiversity hotspots Rezende JLP, García QS, Scotti Tabarelli M, Villani JP, Mantovani ical forests. Trees 16: 245-249. for conservation priorities. Na- MRMML (2001) Laboratory W (1993) A recuperação da Gandolfi S, Leitão Filho HF, Be- ture 403: 853-858. decomposition of Dalbergia floresta atlântica sob plantios zerra CLE (1995) Levanta- Neri AV, Campos EP, Duarte TG, nigra All. ex Benth. and Euca- de Eucalyptus no núcleo Santa mento florístico e caráter su- Meira Neto JAA, Silva AF, lyptus grandis W.Hill ex Maid- Virgínia - SP. Rev. Inst. Flor- cessional das espécies arbusti- Valente GE (2005) Regenera- en leaves in forest and euca- est. 5: 187-201. vo arbóreas de uma floresta ção de espécies nativas lenho- lypt plantation soils. Acta Bot. Van der Pijl L (1982) Principles of mesófila semidecídua no mu- sas sob plantio de Eucalyptus Bras. 15: 305-312. Dispersal in Higher Plants. 3ª nicípio de Guarulhos, SP. Rev. em área de Cerrado na Flo- Rodrigues PJFP (2004) A fragmen- ed. Springer. Berlin, Germany. Bras. Biol. 55: 753-767. resta Nacional de Paraoeba, tação da Reserva Biológica 214 pp.

436 JUN 2011, VOL. 36 Nº 6