The Influence of Train Stations' Environment On
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Master Thesis The influence of train stations’ environment on travelers’ origin station choice behavior: a TOD approach Colophon Final presentation date: 15th of July 2014 Personal Information: Student: Ing. A.V. (Alexandra) Tudorica Student ID: 0827822 E‐mail Address: [email protected] Telephone number: +31 6 3190 8489 Graduation committee Prof. Dr. Ir. W.F. (Wim) Schaefer (Chairman master CME, TU/e) Dr. Ing. P.J.H.J. (Peter) van der Waerden (Graduation Supervisor TU/e) Dr. Ir. B. (Brano) Glumac (Graduation Supervisor TU/e) Ing. J. (Jildou) van der Sluis (Research Manager NS Stations) Dhr. W. (Willem) van Heijningen (Station Developer NS Stations) Institute: University: Eindhoven University of Technology Faculty: Faculty of the Built Environment Department: Construction Management and Engineering Graduation company: Company name: NS Stations (part of Nederlandse Spoorwegen) Department: EB AD Conceptontw & Onderzoek Graduation supervisors: Ing. J. (Jildou) van der Sluis Dhr. W. (Willem) van Heijningen 1 2 Table of contents Table of contents ........................................................................................................................ 3 Preface ........................................................................................................................................ 5 Management summary .............................................................................................................. 6 List of tables ............................................................................................................................... 8 List of figures .............................................................................................................................. 8 1. Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 11 1.1. Problem statement .................................................................................................... 11 1.2. Research aim ............................................................................................................. 13 1.3. Relevance ................................................................................................................... 15 1.4. Reading guide ............................................................................................................ 16 1.5. Demarcation .............................................................................................................. 16 2. Related work ..................................................................................................................... 19 2.1. Railway station choice behavior ................................................................................ 19 2.2. Transit‐Oriented Development (TOD) ....................................................................... 22 2.2.1. Introduction ........................................................................................................ 22 2.2.2. The 5 Ds of built environment ........................................................................... 23 2.2.3. Station characteristics ........................................................................................ 29 2.2.4. Travelers‐related characteristics ........................................................................ 32 2.2.5. Trip‐level characteristics .................................................................................... 34 2.3. Sustainability in TOD context .................................................................................... 35 2.4. Transit‐Oriented Development in international context .......................................... 38 2.5. Transit‐Oriented Development in Dutch context ...................................................... 38 2.5.1. Introduction ........................................................................................................ 39 2.5.2. Involved actors ................................................................................................... 46 2.6. Conclusions ................................................................................................................ 47 3. Research approach............................................................................................................ 49 3.1. Conceptual framework .............................................................................................. 49 3.2. Revealed preference approach ................................................................................. 50 3.3. Case study .................................................................................................................. 51 3.4. Questionnaire design ................................................................................................. 54 3.5. Data collection ........................................................................................................... 59 3.6. Model form ................................................................................................................ 59 3.7. Conclusions ................................................................................................................ 61 3 4. Analysis ............................................................................................................................. 63 4.1. Number of filled‐in questionnaires and stations choice frequency .......................... 63 4.2. Data cleaning ............................................................................................................. 63 4.3. Research sample description ..................................................................................... 65 4.4. Information about current travel experience ........................................................... 66 4.5. Inventory of station aspects on choice influence ...................................................... 67 4.6. Model analysis ........................................................................................................... 70 4.6.1. Model estimation ............................................................................................... 70 4.6.2. Model application .............................................................................................. 74 4.7. Conclusions ................................................................................................................ 75 5. Conclusions and recommendations .................................................................................. 77 5.1. Conclusions ................................................................................................................ 77 5.2. Recommendations and Discussion ............................................................................ 79 References ................................................................................................................................ 83 Appendices………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….91 4 Preface This research represents my graduation thesis as a partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Construction Management and Engineering, provided by Eindhoven University of Technology. “Behavior” and “sustainability” are two powerful words today. Worldwide there are discussions about how people have to CHANGE their way of thinking, approach to the environment, transport, consumption and lifestyle to create a better world not only for us, but for the generations to come. To be able to CHANGE there is a need to understand the mechanism behind the actual behavior. I believe that the present study contributes to this trend. It has been an exciting journey to investigate the subject of this research. And this journey wouldn’t have been possible if it weren’t for some people. There is a saying: “There will always be a reason why you meet people. Either you need them to change your life or you are the one that will change theirs”. First, I would like to thank my parents, Eugen and Violeta Tudorica, for believing in me, investing in my education and for their never ending love. To my younger brother, Ionut, for having his unique way to show how much he cares about me. To my boyfriend, Bobo, for understanding my passions and for never leaving my side. Of course, I was blessed with a big and lovely family and I would like to thank to each and every one of them for their unconditional support. I want to show my appreciation to all my professors who contributed to the person I am today, but most of all to those without whom this research would not have been the same. Many thanks to prof. Peter van der Waerden for his great mentorship, to prof. Wim Schaefer for his inspiring talks and to prof. Brano Glumac for his comments. Moreover, I am grateful for the opportunity I had to complete my research in collaboration with NS. Special thanks to my two supervisors, Jildou van der Sluis, for considering me a valuable addition to the team, and Willem van Heijningen, for involving me in all the activities with the experts from this domain, and to all my colleagues who helped me when I was struggling along the way. In addition, I want to say “Thank you” to Mr. George Barbulescu for his advices, help and good will. My international experience wouldn’t have been so nice if it weren’t for my Dutch friends (thank you‐ The Kerstens, especially‐ for making me part of your families), international buddies (we support one another, so thank you for being