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ﻗﻀﺎﻳﺎ اﻟﺨﻴﺎﻧﺔ واﻟﺠﺎﺳﻮﺳﻴﺔ اﻟﺠﺎﺳﻮﺳﻴﺔ واﻟﻮﻋﻲ اﻷﻣﲏ Copyright © 2019. . All rights reserved. May not be reproduced in any form without permission from the publisher, except fair uses permitted under U.S. or applicable copyright law.
EBSCO Publishing : eBook Arabic Collection (EBSCOhost) - printed on 10/9/2020 12:49 PM via EMIRATES CENTER FOR STRATEGIC STUDIES AND RESEARCH AN: 2325686 ; .; : Account: s6314207
ا وا ا وا ا
ﺤ د إ ا
ا ا و : 2019 ر ا اع: 15335 / 2019 ا ا و : 9789773195069 ا ف : ــ م آﻣ ــ
© ا ق ﻣ 60 رع ا - 11451 - ا ة ت 27921943 - 27954529 27947566 www.alarabipublishing.com.eg
ا ، ﻣ د إﺳ ا ﺳ ﺳ وا ا ﻣ . أ ا وا ﺳ ﺳ / ﻣ د إﺳ ا ؛ ا ة: ا وا ز ، 2018. ص؛ ﺳ . ﻣ : 9789773195069 -1 ا ﺳ ﺳ أ - ا ان 364/ 131
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ﻗﻀﺎﻳﺎ اﻟﺨﻴﺎﻧﺔ واﻟﺠﺎﺳﻮﺳﻴﺔ اﻟﺠﺎﺳﻮﺳﻴﺔ واﻟﻮﻋﻲ اﻷﻣﲏ
ﻣﺤﻤﻮد إﺳﻤﺎﻋﻴﻞ اﻟﺨﻮﻟﻲ
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إﻫ ــــــــــــ ﺪاء
أﺗﴩف ﺑﺄن أﻫﺪي ﻫﺬا اﻟﻜﺘﺎب إﻟﻰ : :
أ وز ز ا ات ا و أدي و دي ﻪ ص وا ن ً ﺤ ا ا .
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ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ
ءل ا ون ﻣ ﺳ ات ة أ اﺳ ار ا ج ا ول ة ﻣ ات م ء ( اﺳ ) ل ﻣ ﻣ ت ﴎ أﻣ ا ﻣ ﻣ دول أ ى. و ﻻء أن وﺳ ا اﻻ و ا وا م ا ض ا ب ون ا ا ء ا اﺳ . و ون أن ا ﻣ ت ا ة ا در ا ا ا ﻣ ا ل ﻪ ﺳ ا ﻻ ك ﻣ ﻣ ت ﴎ أ ى ا ج ا ل .
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EBSCO Publishing : eBook Arabic Collection (EBSCOhost) - printed on 10/9/2020 12:49 PM via EMIRATES CENTER FOR STRATEGIC STUDIES AND RESEARCH AN: 2325686 ; .; : Account: s6314207 و ا ﻣ ﻣ و ا ؤل، ن اﻻ ﻪ ى أ ة ﻣ ات دول ا وا ة و أ ﻪ ﻻ ﻰ ا ﺳ س ـ ا ر ا ي. و ن دول ا ، ا ﻣ و ا ﻣ ، أ ة ﻣ ات ط ﻣ ات أ ﻣ ى ﻣ ا ر ا ل ا ﻣ ت ا ا أﻣ ا ﻣ ﻣ ا ول ا ى. وﻻ أن ا ا ﺳ و رة ة ا ﻪ، و ا ، و ا ت دو ا وا ول ا رس أرا ا ﺳ ﺳ ، اذا ﻪ أو ا أو ا ط اﻻﺳ ري ا ي م ﻪ. وﻣ ، ن ط ا ات ﻻ أن ا ا ت و رات د ، و ًدا ن و .
ف ا ا ب إ أ ا ا ﻣ ى ا ا و ا ب، ﻣ ل ض أﺳ أ ة ا ات ﻣ ، وأ ا ﺳ ﺳ . وا ا أن ا ا ول ا ات وا ﺳ ﺳ إ ر ﻣ ا و ا ، وذ وا أﻣ إ ر ا ا ﻣ ا وا ظ ا ﻣ ا ﻣ و ، و ء دروس ﻣ دة ،
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EBSCO Publishing : eBook Arabic Collection (EBSCOhost) - printed on 10/9/2020 12:49 PM via EMIRATES CENTER FOR STRATEGIC STUDIES AND RESEARCH AN: 2325686 ; .; : Account: s6314207 ذ أ ة ا ات وأ ة ا ﻣ ا دي ا ء ا ف م ار ، و ﻣ ى ا داء أ ة ا ات ا ا وا رج.
وﺳ ف ض ه ا ا ت ا ﻻء ا اﺳ ن ز ﻣ ات دو أ ، و ن دو . وا ا ا ا ن أ ﻪ ا ﻻ ﻣ ﻪ أو ه أو ازي ا . و ا ا وﻣ ل ا ﻣ ا ع ﺳ س ا وا ء ا ﻪ. ًو ﻻ ﻣ أن ن ا ء ً ﻣ ً ﻪ و ﻪ ﻪ ودو ﻪ اذا أ ﻣ و ه، ه ً و ا ر وا ﻪ و ﻪ ﻣ ى ا . و ا ﻻ ًﻣ ﻻ وﻣ ً .
و ا ر ه ا ا ﻣ ًأ ً دا ً ا ﻣ ا ﻣ ت ا ﻻ ت ا ة وا ول ا ورو ّ ر س ﻣ رات أ د "ا ات" وا ﺳ ﺳ وا ﻣ ا ﻣ ، وﻣ ة ﺳ ات أ أ ً ر ه ا رات ا ات ا ﻣ رات ا ا ة. و ا ا ي ﻪ ط ﻣ ات ﻣ ﻣ و ا ات ا وﻣ ا ت ا را ون ً أو ﻣ ﻻت ﻣ إ ر ا وا ا ﻣ
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Copyright © 2019. . All rights reserved. May not be reproduced in any form without permission from the publisher, except fair uses permitted under U.S. or applicable copyright law.
EBSCO Publishing : eBook Arabic Collection (EBSCOhost) - printed on 10/9/2020 12:49 PM via EMIRATES CENTER FOR STRATEGIC STUDIES AND RESEARCH AN: 2325686 ; .; : Account: s6314207 وا روس ا دة، ة أ ى ﻣ ة ط ا ﺳ د - - ا ات ا ر اﻻﴎا - ﻣ وا ً ﺳ ب ﺳ ﺳ ﺳ د، ﻣ أﺳ ب ﻣ د أو ت.
ا ب إ ل . ا ا ول أ ة ا ات وأﺳ ، و ﻣ ﻣ ت أﺳ ﺳ أ ة ﻣ ات ا ، و ا ف ا ا ، و ا م وا ﺳ وا ة. وا رق ءة ا اد وﻣ ى م ا ة ا وا و ا ﻣ ، وا رات ا . و ﻣ ا ن أن ءة ا اد ض ﻣ ى ا ة ا و ا ا .
وأ ب ﻣ ل ذ . أن ﻣ ا ًﻣ وا ة ا ول . و ك دول ﻣ ﻣ وأ ى ﻣ ة . . و ا ﻻ و د أ ء و ا ء ﻣ دول ﻣ ى وﻣ ًﻣ ا . و ء ا ة . .
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EBSCO Publishing : eBook Arabic Collection (EBSCOhost) - printed on 10/9/2020 12:49 PM via EMIRATES CENTER FOR STRATEGIC STUDIES AND RESEARCH AN: 2325686 ; .; : Account: s6314207 ا ا ول ً دا ﻣ أ ا ﺳ ﺳ ا ﻻ ت ا ة، و اً رة ا ﻣ ا ﻣ ا ﻣ ة ﻣ ى ا و رت ، وأ أ م ﺳ و ، و رس ا ﻣ ت ا ﻻ ت ا ة و ا ﻣ رات ا ا ة.
وا ا ﺳ ث ﻪ ا ا ﻣ وأ ﺳﻪ س و ل ا ل وا ب.
وا أن ا ب ض ﻣ ﻣ ت ا رئ وا ا ي و ﻻ ء ا ﻪ و ص ا ظ أﻣ ﻪ ا ﻣ ا ا وا رج.
وﷲ و ا ،، ،،
ﺤ د ا ا ا ة – ر ا
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اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻷول أﺟﻬﺰة اﻟﻤﺨ ﺎﺑﺮات وأﺳﺎﻟﻴﺐ ﻋﻤﻠﻬﺎ
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Copyright © 2019. . All rights reserved. May not be reproduced in any form without permission from the publisher, except fair uses permitted under U.S. or applicable copyright law.
EBSCO Publishing : eBook Arabic Collection (EBSCOhost) - printed on 10/9/2020 12:49 PM via EMIRATES CENTER FOR STRATEGIC STUDIES AND RESEARCH AN: 2325686 ; .; : Account: s6314207 ﻣ ﻣ أﻣ ا ر ﻣ د أن ا و - أي دو - إ ز ﻣ ات. ا ا ز م ﻣ دة ف إ ا ﻣ ا ﻣ وا ظ ا ا ﻣ و . و ه ا م وا رة ا . ن ط ا ات ا ر و ﻣ ﻣ وﻣ ا ت ذ و ، و ى ا رات ﻣ دة، ر ر ً ً م ه ا م. و رس أ ة ا ات ﻣ ﻣ ا ا وا رج. و ا ول أ ة ﻣ ا . وا ا ﺳ ا ي ﻪ أ ة ا ات "ا ﻣ ت" و "ا " ﻣ . ا ﺳ ﺳ ز ا ات ا ﻣ ت ا ا ول وا ت وا ت وا اد وا ت ا و أﻣ ، ف رات ه ا ول/ ا ت/ ا ت/ ا اد واﻣ و و ا ، وذ أو ت ا وا ب ﺳ اء.
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EBSCO Publishing : eBook Arabic Collection (EBSCOhost) - printed on 10/9/2020 12:49 PM via EMIRATES CENTER FOR STRATEGIC STUDIES AND RESEARCH AN: 2325686 ; .; : Account: s6314207 و ر ا أن ا ول ا ﻻ ، و ا ا اض ، إذ ﻻ اﺳ ءات ﻣ ا ﻣ وا ا ﻣ . و ا ل ا ﻣ ت ا ﻣ ل ا ﺳ ﺳ . وا ﺳ ﺳ ج إ ﻣ ات و أو ( ﺳ س) ه. وا ﻪ ﻣ ا و ات و ت ر ا ات ة ، ذ ا . وا ﻪ ﻣ ا ت ﻣ ، ا ر ا أﻣ و و و ذ ﻣ ا ا ﻣ ﻣ و ﻪ ا ة ال ا ت ا ات، ون أن أ ء أﻣ دي إ ﻪ أو ا ، و أن ن ً ﻣ از ﻻ ﻪ ا أﺳ ب أدا ﻪ ﻪ رة ﺳ ؛ ف أو ا دد أو ا م اﻻﺳ ار م ﻪ، اﻣ ﺳ دي ا ا إ ار ب أ ء أﻣ ن ا ﺳ ا ﺳ ﺳ .
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EBSCO Publishing : eBook Arabic Collection (EBSCOhost) - printed on 10/9/2020 12:49 PM via EMIRATES CENTER FOR STRATEGIC STUDIES AND RESEARCH AN: 2325686 ; .; : Account: s6314207 د إ ا ﻣ ت؛ ﻻ د ا ﻣ ت ا ﻰ أ ة ا ات إ ؛ ﻣ ت ا ﺳ واﻻ د وا وا واﻻ و ، و ﻣ ﻣ ت ا ت ﻣ ا ا ول أو ا وﻣ ذ ًأ . ا ي و د ا ا ، ه ًﻣ ًﻣ ً ﻣ ، ور ﻣ . ذا أﻣ ه ًﻣ و ا ﻪ ا ﻣ ا أ ﻪ ﺳ ن ًﻣ ا ، أﻣ اذا أت ﻣ ا ا و ا ا م، ا أن ا ﻣ ر ﺳ ن أ وأ ر ة . و ا .
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EBSCO Publishing : eBook Arabic Collection (EBSCOhost) - printed on 10/9/2020 12:49 PM via EMIRATES CENTER FOR STRATEGIC STUDIES AND RESEARCH AN: 2325686 ; .; : Account: s6314207 ﻣﺼﺎدر اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت
ك ا ﻣ ﻣ در ا ﻣ ت ا أ ة ا ات ا ﻣ ت ﻣ . وﻣ أ ه ا در ﻣ ﻪ ا در ا ا (Open Source Intelligence (OSINT . .
وا ر ا ا ي ا ل ا ﻪ ون أي ا اء ي ، و ن ﻣ ً . وﻣ أﻣ ذ ا وا ت وا ور ت وا ا اﻻ و وو ﻻت ا ء ووﺳ ا م ا وا ﺳ ت وا ا وا وا ات واﻻ وا ات وا وات وورش ا وﻣ ا ا ث وا راﺳ ت و ت اﻻﺳ ل ا ا ا رات ﺳ ا ل، وا ﺳ ت اﻻ ا ، وا ت ا . .
و أ ة ا ات ا ﻣ ت ًأ ﻣ ﻣ در أ ى ﻣ دة؛ ك ﻣ ﻣ ت اﻻ ﻻت Communication Intelligence (COMINT) و ا ا وا اق اﻻ ﻻت واﻻ رات (SIGINT)، واﻻ و (ELINT) . .
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EBSCO Publishing : eBook Arabic Collection (EBSCOhost) - printed on 10/9/2020 12:49 PM via EMIRATES CENTER FOR STRATEGIC STUDIES AND RESEARCH AN: 2325686 ; .; : Account: s6314207 وﻣ ﻣ ت ا ر IMINT) Imagery Intelligence) و ا ﻣ ت ا ذة ﻣ ا ر ا ا ﺳ ع أو ا رة ً ا ً .
و ك ﻣ ﻣ ت ا در ا Human Intelligence (HUMINT) و ا ﻣ ت ا ن ﻣ ر ء ا ا ض، وا ﻣ ت ا (Financial Intelligence (FININT و ا ا ون ا ﻣ اء ا ك وا ر ًﻣ ، وا ﻣ ت ا (Technical Intelligence (TECHINT و ا ﻣ ت ا و ا ﺳ اء أ ث أو ﻣ ا ت أو أﺳ ة وﻣ ا ر ا .
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EBSCO Publishing : eBook Arabic Collection (EBSCOhost) - printed on 10/9/2020 12:49 PM via EMIRATES CENTER FOR STRATEGIC STUDIES AND RESEARCH AN: 2325686 ; .; : Account: s6314207 ﻣﻮاﺻﻔﺎت اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺔ
ﻣ أ ة ا ات "ا ﻣ ". و ا ل ا ﻣ ا . وا ﻣ ﻣ أن ن ﻣ ا ر ن . أي ا ا ﺳ ا ا ﺳ ﺳ ا The FIVE Ws أ ي ا ﺳ ا أ ﻻ ف "W " و : ﻣ Who – أ Where – ﻣ When – ﻣ ذا What – ذا Why ؟ ؟
ا ا ط ا ﺳ ، و ك ﻣ ا ت أ ى أ ة ا ات ﻣ ا ا ل، أ أن ن ﻣ دا "ﻣ ﺳ ﻪ" ﻣ ب ﻣ ﻣ ت ، وأن ن ﻣ ر ًﻣ ﻪ، وﺳ أن أ د ﻣ ت ﻣ ة وﻣ ة، وأن ن ﻣ ﻣ ﻣ ﻣ ﻣ ﻣ ﻣ ت وﻻ ﻣ أو ، وأن ن ك ﻣ ات ﺳ . .
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EBSCO Publishing : eBook Arabic Collection (EBSCOhost) - printed on 10/9/2020 12:49 PM via EMIRATES CENTER FOR STRATEGIC STUDIES AND RESEARCH AN: 2325686 ; .; : Account: s6314207 وأن ن ا ل ا ا ﺳ ا و و ﺳ ب ا ﺳ ا ار ا ا ﺳ ، و ر ا و ا م ا ور ا زراء ا م ا . و ا ﻣ ﺳ ذ ه، ً ن ا ﻣ ا ا ، وﻻ ﻣ . و ه ا ﻻ ر رة ﻣ ة و . ن م ﻣ ا ا و .
وﻣ ا ﻣ ا ة ذ - وإن ﻣ ﻣ ﴎ – ﻣ أ ﻪ ا ا ا أ ر ا دات أﻣ م ﻣ ا ا ي اﺳ اده ب إ اﴎا وا ث أﻣ م ا .
و أ ة ا ات ت ا اردة ا ﻣ ، ﻣ د ا ﺳ ء وا ار وا ت. وأ ﻣ ا رة إ ﻪ ا ا ن ﻣ ل ا ﺳ ﺳ ا ا ي أ ب ا ات اﻻﴎا ب أ 1973 ، ت ة ﻣ در اﴎا ﻣ أ ة ا ات، ا ﺳ د وا ات ا ، أ ا ﻣ ﻣ أن ﻣ ﺳ ا ب و أ ا م ا ات وا ا اﻻﴎا م ا دس ﻣ أ ا ا دﺳ ﻣ ء و ا م ا ري . و ا ﻣ د ؛ ن ا ا ا ً ا
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EBSCO Publishing : eBook Arabic Collection (EBSCOhost) - printed on 10/9/2020 12:49 PM via EMIRATES CENTER FOR STRATEGIC STUDIES AND RESEARCH AN: 2325686 ; .; : Account: s6314207 و ا دﺳ ﻣ ء، ا ﻣ ا ي أ ب ا دة اﻻﴎا ة ا ا ا دﺳ ﻣ ء. ً أن ً دا ﻣ ا دة ا ا ًأ ن ﻣ ﺳ رب، ا ون ﻣ و ﻪ ا ا ﻪ ﻣ د إ ل ط وا د . .
و ﻻ إ ذ ﻪ ك اع اﺳ ا أ ت ا اع ا دة ا ﴎا . وﻣ ن ا ا ات اﻻﴎا و ا ات ا " " ا ﻣ ت ا و" " و م ا ﻣ . .
و ﻣ ﻣ ﻣ ل ا ﻣ ت أن ﻰ ا ر ﻣ ا ع ك ا ر ا ﺳ ﺳ ، وا ، وا ت. ًوار ا ﻣ ت "ا " . .
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ﻻ ت أﻣ ا ﻣ ت أ ة ا ا ت ، أو ا ت ا ، ه ا ت ا ة ا ﻣ ، وا ا ا ا و ا و أو ا ﻣ ا ت اﻻﺳ ا ذات ا ﻻﻣ ا ﻣ و . .
و ﻣ ك ﻣ أ أﺳ ﻣ ل أﻣ ا ﻣ ت، "ا ر ا " The Need to Know و رت ا ﻣ ت ﻣ ﻣ د ا ا ر ا ت ا ا اﻻ و Servers و اﻻﺳ ا ت ا ﻣ وو ات ا ا ة (ا ش ﻣ ري Flash Memory).
وأ ا اءات أﻣ ا ﻣ ت إ ر ا ا ر ا اﺳ ام ا د ا Password ، و ت ﻣ دة ا ، و أ ن ة ا ا ﻣ وﻻ ا ة إﻻ اﺳ ﻣ ﻪ اﻻ ع ا ﻣ ت ا .
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EBSCO Publishing : eBook Arabic Collection (EBSCOhost) - printed on 10/9/2020 12:49 PM via EMIRATES CENTER FOR STRATEGIC STUDIES AND RESEARCH AN: 2325686 ; .; : Account: s6314207 ك ا اءات دة ﻣ أ ة ا ات ا ظ أﻣ ا در ا ، أي ا ء، ﻻ ا أو " ﻪ"، و اذا ن ًﻣ رو دا " ف" ﻣ ب ا ا ﻪ . و دة ﻣ ن ا ا ف ، ﻣ ر ﺳ ا و أو ر ﺳ ا زارة، أو وزارة ا ر أو وزارة أ ي ﻣ أو ز ﻣ ات . وﻣ إ ذ .
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ﺳ أن أ إ أن ا ول أ ة ﻣ ا ، ك دول أن ن ز ﻣ ات وا ﻣ و ا ا وا رج دة وا ة. و ك دول أ ى أن ن زان : :
أ ا ا ﺳ ﺳ وا ﻣ و ا ات ا ر و رس ا ﺳ ﺳ ا ول ا ى. ا ز ا ول ا ا ﻪ ﻣ ﻪ ا ﻣ ا ، ﻣ ل ا ا وا وا ا و ت ا ﻣ ﻣ ﺳ ت ا و .
ط ا ات ا ا ون ت ﺳ ﺳ دا ا و ، و ا ذ اﻻ اءات ا زﻣ ا د ووﺳ اﻻدا ، ﻣ أ ا ذ ا ا واﻻ اءات ا ء ا ا ء ا اﺳ أ ً و .
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EBSCO Publishing : eBook Arabic Collection (EBSCOhost) - printed on 10/9/2020 12:49 PM via EMIRATES CENTER FOR STRATEGIC STUDIES AND RESEARCH AN: 2325686 ; .; : Account: s6314207 و ا ا ن ط ا ات ا ن ﺳ د ﻣ و ن د ﻣ ﺳ ا و ﻣ ا ء ا ، و ن أ ﻣ ا م ﻪ ا ر أ ص ﻣ ب Persona Non Grata ً ن ا و ا م و د ﻣ ا د ل ة زﻣ ة ا ب ا ي ﻪ وزارة ا ر رة ا و ا ا ات . و اوح ه ا ة دة 48 ﺳ وأﺳ ع.
أﻣ ا ء ا ﻰ ا اذا د ﻣ ﺳ .
و ه ا ﻻت، أ ً ن ك ا ﻻت ا و اء ﻣ ﻪ "ﻣ د ا اﺳ " ؛ اﻻ ق ا اج اﺳ دو ى ا ى . و أ ن أ ى ا م ا ﺳ اء ام أو ا ﻣ ى ا ة، أو ة ﺳ ات . .
ﻣ أﻣ ا ول ا ن ز ﻣ ات وا ا وا رج اﻻ د ا ا ره، ن أ ز ﻣ ات ا ذ ا ز KGB ، و روﺳ اﻻ د أ ك زان؛ FBS ا و SVR رج.
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EBSCO Publishing : eBook Arabic Collection (EBSCOhost) - printed on 10/9/2020 12:49 PM via EMIRATES CENTER FOR STRATEGIC STUDIES AND RESEARCH AN: 2325686 ; .; : Account: s6314207 و ا ﻻ ت ا ة ا ﻣ ﻣ ا ت ا را FBI ا وو ا ات ا CIA رج.
Federal Bureau of Investigation – Central Intelligence Agency و ا ا أن ز MI5 ا ا ، MI6 ا ر .
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EBSCO Publishing : eBook Arabic Collection (EBSCOhost) - printed on 10/9/2020 12:49 PM via EMIRATES CENTER FOR STRATEGIC STUDIES AND RESEARCH AN: 2325686 ; .; : Account: s6314207 اﻟﺠﺎﺳﻮﺳﻴﺔ
ا ﺳ ﺳ Espionage ر ا ل رة ﴎ ﻣ ﻣ ت ﴎ ون ا ل أو اذن ﻣ ﻣ ه ا ﻣ ت. و ﴎ Clandestine َوﻣ ﻣ ؛ و ن ﻣ م ﻣ ﻰ ا ﻪ ا ن ﻪ.
وا ﺳ ﺳ ا ا م ز ا ات ا ر ا ول ا ل ا ﻣ ت ا ا ا و ﻣ أ أﻣ ا ﻣ .
و ا ﻣ ا ﻣ وا ظ ا ا ﻣ و ن ز ا ات ا ر ا ول ًأ ر ا و ا م ا وﻣ أ ه ا ت ا ا رئ ا "ا ر" ا ي ﻪ ا ات ا 7 ﻣ رس 1970 ﻣ ء أ ن ت د ار.
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EBSCO Publishing : eBook Arabic Collection (EBSCOhost) - printed on 10/9/2020 12:49 PM via EMIRATES CENTER FOR STRATEGIC STUDIES AND RESEARCH AN: 2325686 ; .; : Account: s6314207 أن م ًأ ز ا ات ا ر ت إ ﻣ اﻻ ت، وا اﻻ دي ﻣ ل و ا ت و او وا ر ، واﻻ ﻻت ا ﺳ واﻻ ف وا رة اﻻ ا ت ا ا وا رة ا ا أي ا م وا اﻻ ت ا ﺳ وا .
وأ ث وأ ز ﻣ دد ل ا ا ﻣ ﻣ ذ اﻻ ﻣ ت ا ﻪ وﺳ اﻻ ت ا ﺳ ا ﻣ 2016 وا أﺳ ت ز دو اﻣ ﻣ ا ب ا ري، و روﺳ أي ا ا ن وﻣ زال م ا اﻣ ا ﻻ ت ا ة ددون ا ا ﻣ . .
ه ا م ا ﻣ ز ا ات ا ر إ د ﻣ ﻣ ﻣ ﻣ و ﻻ أي إ ل أو ﺳ ء أو ر .
و ا ة ﻣ ى و اﻣ ا د وا و ا ا ي ور ﻣ ى را ﻪ ً ا ﻣ ض ا اﻻﻣ ت ا د أو م ا ى ا م ﻣ ا . .
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EBSCO Publishing : eBook Arabic Collection (EBSCOhost) - printed on 10/9/2020 12:49 PM via EMIRATES CENTER FOR STRATEGIC STUDIES AND RESEARCH AN: 2325686 ; .; : Account: s6314207 وﻣ اذا ا ﻣ ا ا ﺳ ﺳ و أن ا ات ز ا ات . ﻰ ر ً ا ﻣ ات ر أن م ت ء ، و ا ا ي ا ا ي ﻻ ﻰ ﻪ ا ﺳ ﺳ .
وﻣ ا ا ﻣ ا ﺳ ﺳ ﻣ ﻪ "ا ل ا ﻣ " أو "ا ل ا ﻣ " Safe House ؛ رة ﻣ ن . . ﻣﻪ ا ه ا ات ا ا . .
ﻣ أﻣ ا ا ات اﻻ د أن ن د ﻣ ﺳ ً ﺳ رة دو ﻪ أو ا ا ﻣ ، ا ﻣ ﺳ . و ن ًﻣ اﺳ ً أو ﻣ أو و أ ء ﻣ دو ﻪ، أو ًﻣ ﻣ ان دو ﻪ ا و ا ، أو ًﻣ ﻣ ر ﻣ دو ﻪ . و ه ا ﻻ ﻪ د ﻣ ﺳ ، و إذا ا أﻣ ه ا ء ا ﻪ و ﻪ .
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EBSCO Publishing : eBook Arabic Collection (EBSCOhost) - printed on 10/9/2020 12:49 PM via EMIRATES CENTER FOR STRATEGIC STUDIES AND RESEARCH AN: 2325686 ; .; : Account: s6314207 وﻣ أ ا ﺳ ﺳ ﻣ اﺳ ﻣ ﻪ KGB ، ط ا ات ا ا د ا ا ﻻ ت ا ة ا ﻣ ﺳ ء و ت ، وأ ﻣ ا ﺳ ات ، وﻣ ﻣ اﺳ ع ا ل ا ا ﻣ و ا ﻣ رس ا ط ا ﻰ ا ى إ أن . .
وزر ا ات ا "رأ ا ن" واﺳ ﻪ ا "ر ا ل" ا ي د ﻪ ا ات ا ا ت إ اﴎا ره ً د ً ا ة ﻣ ﻣ ، واﺳ ع ا ﻻ ﻣ ج ا اﻻﴎا ، وأ ﺳ و ا ط ا ا ي.
وﻣ ا ﻣ ا و ًأ "أ ﺳ " ا ﺳ د ﻣ " ب ا اﺳ " ا ي ض ﻣ ة ﺳ ات ا ن ا ي، ا ﺳ ر أ ل، ﻣ و ﻣ ﻣ ت ﻣ و ن ا ر ﻣ ا ول ا ، ا ﻻت ا ء وا .
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EBSCO Publishing : eBook Arabic Collection (EBSCOhost) - printed on 10/9/2020 12:49 PM via EMIRATES CENTER FOR STRATEGIC STUDIES AND RESEARCH AN: 2325686 ; .; : Account: s6314207 و ض ا ا ا ﺳ ﻣ وا ﻣ غ ا ات ا .
و ا ﺳ ﺳ ﻣ ﻪ "ا از" و ا ي ى أ ﻪ ن ً أو ً ﺳ ﺳ و ا ات ﻪ. وﻣ أﻣ ذ . ا ور ا ي م ﻪ " " ﻣ ب ا اﺳ .
و ا ﻰ ﻣ ا ا ا ﺳ ﺳ ، ا ات وا أو ا ﺳ س. ذا إ أ اع ط ا ات ا ا ﺳ ﻣ ﻪ ا Case officer و ا ي م دارة ا ﺳ ﺳ و ﻪ ا ة اﺳ Operative . .
و ك ا (Collection Officer (Collector و ا ي م ا ﻣ ت ا د ﻣ ﻣ ا در ا و ا ، وا وا . .
و ك ا ا Analyst و ا ي م ا ﻣ ت ا وا وج ﺳ اء رة ﻣ ﻣ أو ﻣ ة أو ض ﻣ ﻣ . .
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EBSCO Publishing : eBook Arabic Collection (EBSCOhost) - printed on 10/9/2020 12:49 PM via EMIRATES CENTER FOR STRATEGIC STUDIES AND RESEARCH AN: 2325686 ; .; : Account: s6314207 و ا ا ن أن دو ﻣ ا ﻻ ت ا ة، ح م ﻣ ا ا ﻣ ض ا ا ا وا ر د ﻣ ا و وﻣ ﻣ و ا ات ا CIA . .
أﻣ ا ا ي ا م ا ا ي ﻻ ﻰ ﻪ ﺳ ﺳ ا ﺳ س ﻪ أو ا و ا ا ي ه اﺳ ز ﻣ ات دو ﻣ م ﻪ دو أ ى، ن ا ﻣ أو ﻻ ن.
و ن ا دا "ا ف" ا ب ا ا ﻪ ﻣ ة ن أ أ و ة ز ا ات. و ذ ا ا ذو ا ف، و ﻪ دا ﻪ. و ا ا ع ﻣ ا ء ن ه ﻣ أ ا ل ا ﻣ ت ا . .
و ك ﻣ ﻪ "ا ا دوج" Double Agent و ا ي ﻣ ﻣ زي ﻣ ات، م ﻣ ه و وﻻءه ن ، و ﻪ و ﻣﻪ ا ز ا .
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EBSCO Publishing : eBook Arabic Collection (EBSCOhost) - printed on 10/9/2020 12:49 PM via EMIRATES CENTER FOR STRATEGIC STUDIES AND RESEARCH AN: 2325686 ; .; : Account: s6314207 و ك ا ا Sleeping Agent و ا ي ه، و ﻪ ﻻ أ ا وا ﺳ ﺳ إﻻ ﻣ ﻰ إ رة ا ظ To wake up أو ا Activation أ ﻣ ﺳ اﻻ ق ﻪ ﺳ ً. و ا اﺳ ام ا ا ع أ ء ا ب ا ا وﻣ ﻣ اﻻ د ا وا ﻻ ت ا ة.
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EBSCO Publishing : eBook Arabic Collection (EBSCOhost) - printed on 10/9/2020 12:49 PM via EMIRATES CENTER FOR STRATEGIC STUDIES AND RESEARCH AN: 2325686 ; .; : Account: s6314207
اﻟﺨﻼﺻﺔ
ال ا ي ﻣ زال دد وﺳ ا م و أوﺳ ط ﻣ ، ا ، ﻣ ت ق ا ن، ﻣ ت ا ا ، ا د ، ا ﺳ وا . . و : ﻣ زا ك إ ا ﺳ ﺳ ؟ و ز ﻣ ات ﺳ ا و ؟ ؟
ا ا أن ﻣ ا ا ؤل إ ا ﻣ ر ﻣ زاو ، و وا و ﻣ . .
ا ا أن ﻣ ﺳ ا ات ﻣ ا ول . وﻻ ﻰ ، وذ ا ﻣ ا ﻣ و و ظ ﻣ ا ﻣ ا ا وا رج، و ن ا ول ة ﻣ ا ﻣ أن ه ﻣ اﻣ ت ﻣ د و و . .
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EBSCO Publishing : eBook Arabic Collection (EBSCOhost) - printed on 10/9/2020 12:49 PM via EMIRATES CENTER FOR STRATEGIC STUDIES AND RESEARCH AN: 2325686 ; .; : Account: s6314207 وﻣ زال اﻻ م ًوا و ً ﻣ ر أ ة ا ات ا ، وذ ور ا م ا ي م ﻪ ا و . و ك ﻣ ر ن ن ا ﻣ ت ا ح أ ة ا ات ا و ا ، و ﻣ ا ﺳ ﺳ أ أ م ﺳ وﻣ ت دراﻣ ا ن، إ ا ﻣ ا ا رت أ ء ا أ ة ا ات، و ﺳ ﺳ ، و ت ﻣ ، و اﺳ . .
و ا ﻻ ت ا ة ًﻣ اﻻ م ا ات إ و د ا ت ا ﻣ ا CIA أو FBI . و ه ا ا ﺳ ا أن اﻻ رات ه ا ة ل ا . و ا ن ه ا ة ا ت ا ﻣ ط ت . .
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EBSCO Publishing : eBook Arabic Collection (EBSCOhost) - printed on 10/9/2020 12:49 PM via EMIRATES CENTER FOR STRATEGIC STUDIES AND RESEARCH AN: 2325686 ; .; : Account: s6314207 و ا ال، و ﻣ ى دول ا ا ر ط ا ت أ ة ا ات ﻣ ا ا وا ﻣ ا ﻻت، و ر ر ت و ﻣ ات ﻣ ا ﺳ واﻻ د وا ن وا ر وا ا ا ﺳ و ا وا ن وا م و ذ ﻣ ﻣ ت . ر ا ت ا ً ج، ذا ن ا ﺳ دو ث ا ًﻣ إ ر أو ا و ا ، و و ر ، و دات و ، و ﻣ و ﻣ ا م ا واﻻ د وا ا اﻻ وأ د ا ﺳ وا . وإ ذ إ ده ء ﻣ ﻪ ﻣ ﻣ ر ة ف ً ا و وا ة . .
وإ ﻣ ﺳ ﻰ ا ا ر ً ً ً ﻪ ﻣ ه ط ا ، و رب ب ا ر ا ﺳ ، و ك ر ت أ ى ن ا ع ا . . و ا ل رب أ ل و و ن ا ات . .
و ك ا ﻣ ا ا رت ا ا ن أﺳ ا ر أ ة ا ات .
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EBSCO Publishing : eBook Arabic Collection (EBSCOhost) - printed on 10/9/2020 12:49 PM via EMIRATES CENTER FOR STRATEGIC STUDIES AND RESEARCH AN: 2325686 ; .; : Account: s6314207 اذن . اذا ا ول ص أ ة ﻣ ا و ا ا ء ر ، أ ﻣ ﺳ ه ا ة.
و ً ﻣ دد ﻣ أن ة ﻣ ا ﻣ ت، – – رأي ا - إ 99 % ﻣ ون ا ا ز ﻣ ات ل ، زال ك 1 % ص ا ول إ وا ظ ﴎ ، و ﻣ أ ة ا ات ا ل .
إن ا ﻻ ا ل ا ﻣ ت، و أن ﻣ ﻣ ت ﻣ ل ا ا ي و وﺳ ا . و ا ل إ ﻣ ذ ﻣ ول ﻣ ع ﻣ ؟ ﻣ ا ه ازاء أﻣ ﻣ ؟
واذا ك و ﻣ ًﻣ ﻣ ﻣ ﻣ ول ﻣ ، ﻣ ا ا ﻣ ون و د ه وزر ﻪ ا ا ن؟ و ه ا ﻣ ﻪ ه اﻻﻣ ا ، و آ ﻪ د ل ا وا . واذا ر ﻣ ﻪ اﻻ ت ا ي ﻣ ور ل ه اﻻ ت، ا ا ﻪ ر ه اﻻ ت، و ا أن أ ة ا ات ﻣ
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EBSCO Publishing : eBook Arabic Collection (EBSCOhost) - printed on 10/9/2020 12:49 PM via EMIRATES CENTER FOR STRATEGIC STUDIES AND RESEARCH AN: 2325686 ; .; : Account: s6314207 اﻻر ا ي ا ب ا ا أو ا ول ز ا ر وا ات، أو أ ا ﻣ ا ر أو ا و ذ ﻣ ل ا ﻣ ت . .
و ﺳ أن ا ﻣ ، ن أ ة ا ات ا ر ا م ل ﻣ ق " ا ت اﻻ " " ﻣ اﻻ ت، اﻻ ﻻت، اﻻ ف، إ رة ا أي ا م، وإ ل ا ا ؛ ا وا ؛ و اﻻ د ﻣ ل و ا ت وا ا ر ؛ و ا ت ا ، وا اﻻ ت ود ﻣ آ . ه ا ﻣ ر ﻻ ا ا م . .
و ا ا ن ﻣ او ﻪ و ﻻت ا ء و ا م 5 ا 2018 ا ن ا ﻣ ا أن أ ة ﻣ ا أ ً ﻣ ا و ً روﺳ ً أ ت ا ات ا وﺳ ﺳ رة ﻣ ة ات ا و ﻣ ﺳ رات أ ا دق ب ﻣ ﻣ ا ﺳ ا ﻻ ي ﻻ اق م ا ﻣ ت اﻻ و ، و ﻣ ا ﻣ ا د أر ء روس.
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EBSCO Publishing : eBook Arabic Collection (EBSCOhost) - printed on 10/9/2020 12:49 PM via EMIRATES CENTER FOR STRATEGIC STUDIES AND RESEARCH AN: 2325686 ; .; : Account: s6314207 و ا و ﻪ ا ء ا ﻣ ًإ ﻣ إ ﺳ ﻣ ا ات ا وﺳ اﻻ و اﺳ أﻣ ﻣ ا ا و . وا ﻣ واﺳ ا ا ات ا وﺳ ت ا و ا ﻣ ا ﺳ ت دول ﻣ ، و ﺳ م ل ا (NATO ) ﺳ ج Jens Stoltenberg روﺳ ا ا ك ا ي و ﻪ ر.
ه ا ت ا ا ا وﺳ ا ا و واﺳ ا وا ﻻ ت ا ة ﻻ ا م إﻻ اﺳ " ء" ه ا م. و ا ﻣ أ ة ا ات ا دة ا ه ا ول ﻻء ا ء وا ت اﻻ اءات ا . .
و ا ز ﻣ ات م ا . . . ا ر ا ل ا ﻣ ت ا ، وا ا ا و ا ا ظ ا ﻣ ا ﻣ و ﻪ ﻣ ل ﻣ ا ﺳ ﺳ . ا ب ذ ء ﻣ ة ا ول ﻣ ل أ ة ﻣ ا . .
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اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ
أﺷﻬﺮ ﻗﻀﺎﻳﺎ اﻟﺨﻴﺎﻧﺔ واﻟﺠﺎﺳﻮﺳﻴﺔ
• : أو ر إ • : ن ﻻرد • : رو ت • : ادوارد ﺳ د • ا ﺳ ﺳ ا وأ ة ا ات ا ﻣ
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Copyright © 2019. . All rights reserved. May not be reproduced in any form without permission from the publisher, except fair uses permitted under U.S. or applicable copyright law.
EBSCO Publishing : eBook Arabic Collection (EBSCOhost) - printed on 10/9/2020 12:49 PM via EMIRATES CENTER FOR STRATEGIC STUDIES AND RESEARCH AN: 2325686 ; .; : Account: s6314207 ﻗﻀﻴﺔ أوﻟﺪرﻳﺘﺶ إﻳ Aldrich Hazen Ames
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Copyright © 2019. . All rights reserved. May not be reproduced in any form without permission from the publisher, except fair uses permitted under U.S. or applicable copyright law.
EBSCO Publishing : eBook Arabic Collection (EBSCOhost) - printed on 10/9/2020 12:49 PM via EMIRATES CENTER FOR STRATEGIC STUDIES AND RESEARCH AN: 2325686 ; .; : Account: s6314207 اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت اﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ
و أو ر إ - ا ﺳ ر Rick - ﰱ ر ﻻ و ﻻ ت ا ة. ,River Falls.Wisconsin USA ، ﰱ 26 ﻣ 1941 و ا خ ا .
ن وا ه، ر ن ﺳ إ Carleton Cecil Ames ًﻣ ا ﰱ The Wisconsin State College - River Falls . .
وﰱ م 1952 ا ﰱ و ا ات ا CIA ، و ﰱ ادارة ت وﻻ ، ﻣ ا ﻰ ﰱ م 1953 ﰱ ﻣ ب ق آﺳ ة ث ﺳ ات، و ﰱ CIA ا أن ﰱ م 1967 ، أ ة ض ا ن و ﰱ م 1972.
ا أو ر رﺳ ا ﰱ ﻣ ﻻ Mclean High School ، و أن أ ﻰ ا م ا راﳻ ﰱ ا ا ﻰ ا ي، و ن ذ ﰱ م 1957 ، ا ر ﻰ ﰱ أ ء ا زة ا ﰱ أر و ا ات ا . ووا ا ا ر ا ﻰ ﰱ ا ﻣ ا .
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Copyright © 2019. . All rights reserved. May not be reproduced in any form without permission from the publisher, except fair uses permitted under U.S. or applicable copyright law.
EBSCO Publishing : eBook Arabic Collection (EBSCOhost) - printed on 10/9/2020 12:49 PM via EMIRATES CENTER FOR STRATEGIC STUDIES AND RESEARCH AN: 2325686 ; .; : Account: s6314207 وﰱ م 1959 ا ﻣ راﺳ ا ر وا ت ا ، و ﻪ ر ﰱ م 1962 ا دة ا ا وا - ا ﻻ - واﺳ ع ا ل و دا ﰱ CIA اداري.
وﰱ أ ء ﻪ ا ﻣ رچ ون و ﰱ م 1967 دة ﻣ ﰱ ا ر . وﰱ ه ا ة ﻪ ﰱ ﻣ ا ر ﰱ CIA ت، و ا ﻣ ﻪ أد ﻰ در ت ا ﻪ ﻣ ﻣ ادارى إ ت ً ا ﻪ وﻣ ﻪ وإن ﻪ ا ا ا و م اﻻ ﻣ ج ﻣ ا . وﰱ ﻣ 1969 وج إ ﻣ إ ى زﻣ ﻪ . . Nancy Segebarth
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EBSCO Publishing : eBook Arabic Collection (EBSCOhost) - printed on 10/9/2020 12:49 PM via EMIRATES CENTER FOR STRATEGIC STUDIES AND RESEARCH AN: 2325686 ; .; : Account: s6314207 ﺳﻨﻮات اﻟﻌﻤﻞ اﻷوﻟﻰ
ﰱ أ 1969 د ا ت أو ر إ ﰱ أول ﻣ ت ر ﻪ إ أ ة ، واﺳ ك ة ث ﺳ ات، د إ ﻣ ا دة ﰱ ﻻ ﻻ .
و ن ﻪ ا ا ﻰ ًﻣ ، ا ﻣ ا ى د رؤﺳ ءه ا ا د ار ﻪ ا ﻰ ﻣ ا ا ا ﻰ. و ا ا ﻣ ﰱ ا ا ى ت ﰱ أى ز ﻣ ات.
و ، ا ﻪ ﰱ م 1972 دارة ا ول ا ، ا ﻰ ا ا ا د ا ﻰ ودول أورو ا ا ﻪ. و ن ﻣ ا ﻰ أن دورة ﰱ ا ا وﺳ . وأ إ ءة ﻣ ﰱ ا ا ﻰ واﺳ ﰱ ه اﻻدارة ة أر ﺳ ات.
و أت ل ا ة ا ب ا ، ن ب ا ا در ا ، ث ذ أﻣ م زﻣ ﻪ ورؤﺳ ﻪ ﰱ س م 1973 ، و ر ﰱ س ا م ا . و أ ﻪ ﰱ ا ا ﻰ ت، ار ت اﻻدارة
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EBSCO Publishing : eBook Arabic Collection (EBSCOhost) - printed on 10/9/2020 12:49 PM via EMIRATES CENTER FOR STRATEGIC STUDIES AND RESEARCH AN: 2325686 ; .; : Account: s6314207 اﻻﺳ دة ﻣ ﻪ ﰱ ﻣ ا ﻰ دا ا ﻻ ت ا ة، ﻪ ﻣ ا ﻰ ﰱ م 1976 ﰱ ﻣ رك اﺳ ﻰ م 1981 ا ﻣ ا ء ا .CIA
و ن ﻪ ا ً ﰱ ل ه ا ة وإن ن ﻪ أ ﻪ ﰱ ر ا ت ا و ف ﻣ و ت ا ت.
ن ا ا اﻻ ﻰ ًأﻣ ا ﻣ ً ﰱ ء ا ت ا ﻰ ار دا ﻪ ا ﻰ، وأ ﻪ ا ﻣ ا د ، ﺳ ا ل، ا ﻪ ﰱ رك م 1976 ، ﻣ ن ﰱ ﻪ ﴎ ﻣ ﺳ ، أورا ﻪ ﰱ أ رات ﻣ و اﻻ ق و أوراق ا ت.
و اﺳ ع ط FBI اﺳ دة ا و CIA ﰱ رك . وﻣ ﺳ اب أن رؤﺳ ءه ا ا ﻪ.
ﻣ ، ن ُ ض إ ﻣ ا ﻰ ﰱ ا رج، و ﻪ ن ًدا و ر م إﻣ ﻪ ا . و أن ا ﰱ ذ إ ر زو ﻪ ا رج . .
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EBSCO Publishing : eBook Arabic Collection (EBSCOhost) - printed on 10/9/2020 12:49 PM via EMIRATES CENTER FOR STRATEGIC STUDIES AND RESEARCH AN: 2325686 ; .; : Account: s6314207 ن ﻣ ا ا أن ﻪ و ﻪ . وا اﺳ ار ر ﻪ ا رج ﺳ ﻪ ت، ا ﻣ ا ى ﻪ ﰱ ﺳ 1981 ﻣ ﻣ ا ﰱ ا . وﺳ ون زو ﻪ، وﰱ أوا 1982 أدرك إ أ ﻪ ﻪ أ ر ﰱ إ ذ زوا ﻪ ﻣ اﻻ ر. و ا ق رﺳ ً ﰱ ا 1983 ، ا ﻣ ا ى ﻪ أر أ دوﻻر، وأد ﻪ ﰱ أزﻣ ﻣ .
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EBSCO Publishing : eBook Arabic Collection (EBSCOhost) - printed on 10/9/2020 12:49 PM via EMIRATES CENTER FOR STRATEGIC STUDIES AND RESEARCH AN: 2325686 ; .; : Account: s6314207 ﻣﻜﺴﻴﻜﻮ ﺳﻴﱴ
ف إ ﰱ أ ء ا ه ﰱ ﻣ ﺳ ﻰ ة ًﻣ ً ﰱ ﺳ رة ﻣ ﻰ ﻣ ر د روﺳ ر ﺳ س د ى Maria Del Rosario Casas Dupoy و ﰱ ا ﻣ ادارة ا ﻣ ﺳ ا ﰱ ا ا .
ﻣ ا ا رف ﰱ ا ﻣ ﺳ و د أو دى ﻣ ﺳ ا ﺳ ﻪ إ اف وزارة ر ا و ا ، و ن ﻪ ﻣ ادارة ﻣ ﻣ ا ﻣ ﺳ ا ا ء. و دة ا ن ﻪ ءات ﰱ أ ا ﻣ ا ﻣ ، ق أو ﻣ أو دى و ن ﻪ ا اء أو ا ء، ٌ ﻪ ا . ن ﻪ ﻣ ﻣ ا و (وز أو ﻣ ول ﻣﻰ أو ن أو ر أو ﻣ . .) ﻰ ﻣ ة ا اء أو ا ء و ور ار ﻪ و ا ﻣ ﺳ ا ﰱ إ ر ا ا ﻣ ا . و ه ا ءات ﻣ ﺳ ط ا ات ا ا ن د ﻣ ﳻ ﺳ دا ة ﻣ ر و ﻣ ﻣ ت ﰱ ق ا ﻣ ، ور ون ون أ ﻪ ً ا ذ ا ات ا ا زﻣ .
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EBSCO Publishing : eBook Arabic Collection (EBSCOhost) - printed on 10/9/2020 12:49 PM via EMIRATES CENTER FOR STRATEGIC STUDIES AND RESEARCH AN: 2325686 ; .; : Account: s6314207 ﰱ ا ة ن أ ط KGB ا ى د ﻣ ﳻ ﰱ ا رة ا ، ً ا ﰱ ﻣ ادارة ا ﻣ ﺳ ا ﰱ ﻣ ﺳ ﻰ و ن ة ر د روﺳ ر . رت ا ت ﴎ إ وا ة ا ﻣ ، و ﻪ ُ ه ا - ﻪ ت ا ﻣ ﰱ CIA - إﻻ ﰱ 1983 ( ﻪ ﻣ زو ﻪ). وﰱ 17 ا 1984 م رﺳ ً ا ا زوا ﻪ ﻣ . ا ا ا ﻣ ا ﻪ ا و أ ﺳ ﻣ ا ا ﻣ .
و ﻣ وف ه ا ا ﻣ ا ﻣ . أت ا زﻣ ا ا ﻰ ﻰ ﻣ إ داد ً ا واج ا ، و أ ض ﻣ ا ك، وازدادت ا ء ﰱ ﺳ اد أ ط ا ت اﻻ ﻪ و و ﻪ ا ة. أ ﻣ إدﻣ ن إ ب ا أ ء ا ه ﰱ ﻣ ﺳ ﻰ ا ا ا ى د رؤﺳ ءه ا ا ورة إ ﻪ ﻣ ص ج ﻣ إدﻣ ن ا . وأ ه ا .
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EBSCO Publishing : eBook Arabic Collection (EBSCOhost) - printed on 10/9/2020 12:49 PM via EMIRATES CENTER FOR STRATEGIC STUDIES AND RESEARCH AN: 2325686 ; .; : Account: s6314207 اﻟﻌﻮدة اﻟﻰ ﻻﻧﺠﻠﻰ
ﻣ ا وا ﰱ ا ، أن إ ﻣ د ا ﻣ ا دة ﰱ ﻻ ا ء ﻣ ﻣ ﺳ ، ﻪ ﰱ أ ا ا ا ا ﺳ ﰱ ﻣ ل ا ت، ﻪ دارة ا ﻰ ا ط ا ا ﻰ ا ، و ن ﻣ ا ﻪ ا ت ا ء ا ا ن CIA . و أ ح ﻪ ذ ﻣ ت ط ا ات ا ا ، و CIA ط KGB ﰱ دا و رج ا ﻻ ت ا ة و ا ط ا ات ا GRU.
و ﻻ ا ذ ن ﻣ ا م ا ا ذ ﺳ ﰱ ا ون ا وﻣ ﻣ ول ﻣ ا رة ا وﺳ ﰱ وا ﺳ ﻣ ر ا ت ا . واﺳ ت ه ا ت ة ا أن ا ﻣ ة ﻣ ا ﻣ ﳻ ا ﻰ ا ى أو ﻣ در ﻪ ﺳ ار ا ءات ﻣ ا ا ﻣ ﻰ وأن ﻪ ﻣ ا رة ا ﻣ ﳻ ا س ﺳ ﻰ د .Sergey Dmitriyevich Chuvakhin
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EBSCO Publishing : eBook Arabic Collection (EBSCOhost) - printed on 10/9/2020 12:49 PM via EMIRATES CENTER FOR STRATEGIC STUDIES AND RESEARCH AN: 2325686 ; .; : Account: s6314207 اﻟﺠﺎﺳﻮﺳﻴﺔ
ﰱ ا ا ى CIA ﻪ أن إ ﱢ ﻣ ى ﻪ ن ً ات ا ، ن إ ﰱ ا ا ٍ ف آ ﰱ ا ه ﻣ . ر إ أن ن ً ﺳ ﺳ ة وا ة، م ﻣ ﻣ ت ﴎ ﰱ ﻣ ﻣ ﻣ ا ل أن د ﻪ د ﻪ و وز أزﻣ ﻪ ا . ا ر.
و ، ﰱ 16 ا 1985 ﻪ إ إ ا رة ا ﰱ ا ا ﻪ . و د ﻪ ﻣ ا ﻣ . وا ا د أن ا ﻣ ول ا ﻣ ﺳ ا ﻣ ﳻ ا ى ﻪ ﻣ ﻣ ﻪ ﻪ، و ا أن اﻻ ل ﻪ، ﻰ ا ﻣ ﳻ ﻪ ا ن اﻻﺳ ل أو ا ا ا ف (ﻻ ا ت ﰱ ا رة ا ﰱ ﻣ ا ﻣ ﺳ ). و ﰱ ه ا ة، ث ﻣ ، أن أ إ ا ﻣ ﻣ ول ا ﻣ ﻪ ﺳ ره واﺳ ا ﻣ ﳻ ا ى ﺳ ﻪ، أ ج ﻣ ﻪ ًﻣ و ًﻣ وﺳ ﻪ ا ﻣ ون أى . ﻣ د ة ا ﻪ. ذ ﻪ أ ﻪ
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EBSCO Publishing : eBook Arabic Collection (EBSCOhost) - printed on 10/9/2020 12:49 PM via EMIRATES CENTER FOR STRATEGIC STUDIES AND RESEARCH AN: 2325686 ; .; : Account: s6314207 ء . و ا ل، ﻣ ول ا ﻣ أن ا وف ﻻ ﻪ وﻻ . وو ا ب ا ﰱ ﻣ KGB رة وأ ى إ ا ﻣ د و در ا رة.
أﻣ ا وف ا ، ت ﺳ ﻪ ا ﻰ، وأ ﻪ ً ﰱ CIA ﰱ اﻻدارة ا ط ا ات ا ، ًو دا ﻣ ا ﺳ ء ص ﺳ ن ء CIA . وا ا ب ﻣ أ دوﻻر ً ا ﰱ ﻣ ه ا ﻣ ت. و ة أﺳ ، ا ﻪ ود ه ول اء رة م 15 ﻣ 1985 . .
و ﻣ ﻪ ا ا رة وأ ﻣ ول ا ﻣ أن ﻪ ﻣ ﻣ ﻣ ، ا ه ا ﻪ ﻣ KGB ، م ﻪ ور ﻣ أ ﻣ - ون دل أى - و ن ا ب ا وا ا ا ﻪ ﻣ ا أ دوﻻر، وا ن ﰱ اﺳ ار ا ا ﻣ ﻪ، وأن ﺳ ن ا ﺳ ا . و ه ا ا ﻣ ﻪ ﻣ درة ا رة ، وأ ه أن ﺳ ف ﻪ.
و ﻣ ، ا ﻪ ، وا ، وﺳ إ ﻣ ا أ دوﻻر. واﺳ ت ﻣ ت إ ﻣ ،
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EBSCO Publishing : eBook Arabic Collection (EBSCOhost) - printed on 10/9/2020 12:49 PM via EMIRATES CENTER FOR STRATEGIC STUDIES AND RESEARCH AN: 2325686 ; .; : Account: s6314207 وﰱ ﻣ 13 1985 م إ ً ا ً را ِ أﺳ ء ﻣ و ﻣ CIA و FBI ن ﻣ ﻣ أ ا ات ا ﰱ ا ﻻ ت ا ة. و م ﰱ ر أ ى ﰱ ﻣ ت ﻻ أﺳ ء ا ا و ط ا ات ا ا و ن ﻣ CIA وﻣ أ ة ﻣ ات ا ول اﻻ ا ﻻ ت ا ة. و ا ا أ ﻣ ن ء CIA ﰱ ﻣ ﺳ .
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EBSCO Publishing : eBook Arabic Collection (EBSCOhost) - printed on 10/9/2020 12:49 PM via EMIRATES CENTER FOR STRATEGIC STUDIES AND RESEARCH AN: 2325686 ; .; : Account: s6314207 ﻛﺸﻒ اﻟﻌﻤﻼء واﻟﻘﺎء اﻟﻘﺒﺾ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ
ﰱ ه ا ة ا ﻣ أ ط ا ت ﰱ CIA ر ن أن ك ﻣ أﻣ ا . ء ا ا و ن ﻣ ﻣ CIA ﰱ ﻣ ﺳ و ﻣ ا ا ا ن ا ا ا ون ﺳ وا ؛ « » ( ا ا رف اﺳ اﻣﻪ ﰱ ﻣ س ﻣ ا ﺳ ﺳ ﻣ ا ات أو ا ). ﰱ أ 1985 أ ﻣ ﺳ ﻰ ﻰ ر ط CIA ا ﻪ ا ﰱ م 1984 و إ أن أ ط CIA ر ا ﻪ ﺳ دى « رو ت » ون ﻣ KGB . واﺳ ت ا ت وا ت أن رو ت ا ا ا ﰱ CIA ادوارد ارد Edward Lee Howard ا ى اﺳ ع ﰱ ﺳ 1985 ا وب ﻣ ا ﻻ ت ا ة ا ﻰ ا وﻣ ا ﻣ ﺳ . دة ق اﻻ ﻻت ا ء أﻣ ا ت ا وا ، وإ رات ا ﻣ ن وا ، و ء م ص ﻻت ا ارئ إ ف ا ط ً ﻣ ، و ا وب ُا ّ ة ًﻣ ؛ ﺳ اء ا وب ً ا أو ً ا أو ً ا، وو ا وا ا و ذ ﻣ ا ت؛ و ا ﻣ ث ﻣ ارد.
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EBSCO Publishing : eBook Arabic Collection (EBSCOhost) - printed on 10/9/2020 12:49 PM via EMIRATES CENTER FOR STRATEGIC STUDIES AND RESEARCH AN: 2325686 ; .; : Account: s6314207
اﻟﻠﻐﺰ
ر ا ﰱ CIA و FBI أن ارد ا ى أ KGB ﺳ ء ا ء ا ا ﻰ ا وأ م د ﻣ . و ت ا ء اﺳ ت، و ا ت . ﻰ ا أ ﰱ ﻣ ﺳ ، وآ ن ﰱ دو أورو ، ﻣ د إ ﻣ ﺳ ﰱ إ زة أ ﻰ ا ﻪ، و ﰱ دو أورو أ ى اﺳ ؤه إ ﻣ ﺳ ﰱ ﻣ ، و و ﻪ أ ﻰ ا ﻪ. وأ ا ت أن أ ﻣ ً ا ف أﻣ ﻻ ارد إﻻ ﻣ ة ﻣ ، وا ن ك ﺳ آ ارد . ك ا CIA إ أن KGB ا و ة اﻻ ﻻت ا ﻣ ا ء، و ا اء ا إ ت ذ رة .
ﰱ 1986 اﺳ ﻰ ﻣ CIA و م William Casey أ ا ط ا اﻣﻰ ا ، و ن ﻣ ر ا ت، و ﻪ ا ﻣ ﻣ ا ﻻت ا ﻰ
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EBSCO Publishing : eBook Arabic Collection (EBSCOhost) - printed on 10/9/2020 12:49 PM via EMIRATES CENTER FOR STRATEGIC STUDIES AND RESEARCH AN: 2325686 ; .; : Account: s6314207 و ا ت وا ات ﺳ ا وا ا ى أدى ا ق ا وإ ء ا ﻪ.
و ا ا ا ، و م ً ا ﻣ ت ا و م ﻣ ً دا ا ﺳ ب ا ﻰ ا . وﰱ ا 1986 و م ًا ﻣ ر ط ا ت ا ، و ن اﻻ ه ا ى ا ا ل اﻻ اق ا ﻰ، و ا ا دح ا ى ار ﻪ ا ن ﰱ ا ت أ وا أن ن أ ط ا ت ًﻣ ر ﰱ ا اﻻ د ا .
و أرﺳ و م ﰱ 4 1986 ﻣ ة ة ا ا ت أ ى ﻪ ﻣ أﺳ ب ﻣ ا و م اﺳ اد ل ﻣ د ا اض أن أ أن ن ً ﻣ رو Mole اﻻ د ا . اﺳ إ ﻣ ﻣ 1985 ﰱ إﻣ اد KGB ﻣ ت ا ا ﻰ ا ت ا ا ر ا ﻰ م CIA وا ﻰ اﻻ د ا .
و ن إ « ﻰ » ﻣ ﻪ ﻣ (أى ًﻣ را) ﻣ ل ا ت ﻣ ط CIA وأ ﻣ FBI ض
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EBSCO Publishing : eBook Arabic Collection (EBSCOhost) - printed on 10/9/2020 12:49 PM via EMIRATES CENTER FOR STRATEGIC STUDIES AND RESEARCH AN: 2325686 ; .; : Account: s6314207 ر ده ﻣ أ ، و ﻪ د م ر ت ﻣ ﰱ ﻣ ا .
وا ا ﻣ ﻰ ا ى و ﻪ ط FBI ًودا ا ﻪ ن د ، ا ا « اﻻ اض» ، ا ن أن إ م ر ت ﰱ ا ا ص ، وا ا أ أن ط CIA ا ون ﰱ اﻣ اد رة ﻣ ﻣ رف ﻪ ﰱ ﻣ ه ا ﻻت. أﻣ إ ن ﱢ ف و ﰱ ا ر ا . و ن ك أﻣ ﻰ دح آ ﰱ ا ت وﻣ و ا ﰱ أﻣ م إ ا ر ، ً م ا غ ا ؤﺳ ء ا ا ﻣ ، ن و ض أن م ﻰ ﻪ ا م ﻪ وﰱ ا ا . و ا ث، و ك ﻣ د .
ن إ ﻰ ﻣ ا أ دوﻻر، وﰱ ل ﻣ ﻪ ا ﻣ ن ﻰ ﻣ اوح ﻣ و أ دوﻻر. و أ د ﻰ اﻻ ت، و ، و ا ﻻت ﴎ ، و ﻰ ا ﻣ ال ﰱ ﻣ ﻣ ﻣﻪ ﻣ ﻣ ﻣ ت ﴎ .
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EBSCO Publishing : eBook Arabic Collection (EBSCOhost) - printed on 10/9/2020 12:49 PM via EMIRATES CENTER FOR STRATEGIC STUDIES AND RESEARCH AN: 2325686 ; .; : Account: s6314207 و ا أ إ ً ﺳ ﺳ ً ز ﻣ ات دو أ ، و ن ر ﰱ ا ا ا ﻪ ﺳ م ﻣ ﻣ ت ﰱ ﻣ ﻣ ﻣ ا ل ة وا ة وج ﻣ أزﻣ ﻪ ا . و ن إ دع ا ﻣ ال ا ﻰ ﻣ KGB ﰱ ﻪ ا ﻰ ا و ب زو ﻪ ﻻ ى ﻣ اﻻ اع ة آﻻف دوﻻر م ا ﻻﺳ م ﻣ ر ا ﻣ ال ا ا ا ﻣ . و ﻣ ا اء ا ﻰ أت و ﻪ و زو ﻪ، ن زﻣ ﻪ أن زو ﻪ ﻣ ﰱ ﻣ وا ور ﻣ أ ، و ﻣ أ ل ا ﰱ ﻣ .
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EBSCO Publishing : eBook Arabic Collection (EBSCOhost) - printed on 10/9/2020 12:49 PM via EMIRATES CENTER FOR STRATEGIC STUDIES AND RESEARCH AN: 2325686 ; .; : Account: s6314207 ﻣﺤﻄﺔ CIA ﻓﻰ روﻣﺎ
ر إ ﰱ ﻣ CIA ا ا ﰱ روﻣ ، و ﻰ ﻣ ا ا ا ﻣ ﰱ أورو . وو إ وزو ﻪ ا ة إ روﻣ ﰱ 1986 . و ن ﻣ ا ﻪ ا ﻣ ﻣ ت ا ء ا CIA . و ﻪ أﻣ ع ﻣ ت ا ت ا ء CIA ﰱ روﻣ ، ﻻ ا ا ر ا ﻰ ﻣ ا ﰱ ا . و ن إ م ﻣ اه ُﻣ ً . و ﻻ زﻣ ؤه ﰱ ا أ ﻪ ن دا ا ال ت ﻻ ﰱ ق ا ﻪ. و ذ ا زﻣ و ا رؤﺳ ﻪ.
و ن ا ل ﰱ وا ا ا روﻣ ، ن إ ﻰ ا ﻣ ﺳ ا ﰱ ا رة وﻣ ، و ن ا ﺳ ﻪ و KGB . و ه ا ت ن زﻣ ﻪ أ ﻪ اﻣ ه. و دة م ر ت ه ا ت.
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EBSCO Publishing : eBook Arabic Collection (EBSCOhost) - printed on 10/9/2020 12:49 PM via EMIRATES CENTER FOR STRATEGIC STUDIES AND RESEARCH AN: 2325686 ; .; : Account: s6314207 أﻣ ﻣ ﻪ ﻣ ط KGB ، ن ا ﻪ ﻣ ﻣ ﺳ ﺳ ﻪ ﻣ ﻪ ث ﻣ ات ن آ ﰱ ﻣ ﰱ د 1985 . وأ ء ا ه ﰱ روﻣ إ ً ً ﰱ ى ﺳ Credit Suisse ﰱ ز ر ا، أودع ﻪ ﻣ د ت، ﻻ ا 950.000 دوﻻر أﻣ ﻰ.
وﰱ روﻣ اﺳ إ ﰱ ب ا ، وﰱ اﻻ ق خ، وزو ﻪ و ع ذ ا ه أ ﻣ ا و ا ا ا ى ﻪ ا ذ ا اء ازاء ه ا ت وا ت. و ا ﰱ ﻣ ﻪ ا ا وﻣ م ، و ﻰ ﻣ ﻪ ﰱ 1989 . و ر KGB و ا ﻻت ﴎ ﰱ إ ر ﻪ ﻣ د ا وا .
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د إ ا وا ﰱ 20 1989 . واﺳ ﻪ ﰱ ﺳ ًر ع ب أورو ﰱ ا ت. و ر اﻻدارة ﻣ ً م إ ا ادار ﻪ. وﰱ ا ة ا ﻰ ن إ ﰱ روﻣ ، إدارة ا ﻣ CIA ﰱ ﻻ ول ا ء ﰱ ﻣ ﺳ و ا ا ا ورو . و ﰱ أوا 1986 دة ل ر ﻣ Paul Redmond و ن ﻣ ن ى Jeanne Vertefeuille وﺳ را Sandra Grimes ود وورزن Diana Worthen ودان Dan Payne.
و FBI ًأ آ ون ﻣ CIA ، و ن ا ن دﻻن ا ﻣ ت. و ا ن ا أن ًا ا ً رة ا ﻣ ﰱ ﻣ ﺳ ا ي أدى ا و ق ا ء ﰱ ا ة ا م 1988 . و أ ﻪ ن ﻣ زال ك ا ل أن ن ا ًرا إ و د ﻣ روع KGB وإ د ا ر إ ن م ﻣ ﻣ ﻣ ا أ ء CIA م ، ﻣ د ن ك ﻣ روع Mole ﰱ ﻣ ر وار ن Warrenton Training
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EBSCO Publishing : eBook Arabic Collection (EBSCOhost) - printed on 10/9/2020 12:49 PM via EMIRATES CENTER FOR STRATEGIC STUDIES AND RESEARCH AN: 2325686 ; .; : Account: s6314207 Center.WTC ، و ﻣ ا ﻻت ﴎى ﰱ . و اﻻ ه ﰱ ا ة ﻣ ، و ا ا .
واﺳ ع إ ﰱ ل أ ﻣ ﻪ ﰱ ع ب أورو أن ا ت ا ﻰ م CIA و ن و ﻣ ، ﻣ دام ﻪ ه اﻻدارة د ﻪ ﻣ روﻣ . و ﺳ ب ﻻ وا ا ﻣ ، ر ﻪ ا ع ت ﺳ ﰱ د 1989 واﺳ ﻪ إ أ 1990 . و ن ﻰ ال ا إ ا دة ﻻدارة ا ت ا ﻰ اﻻ د ا ، و ا أن ُ ﱠ ً ﻣ CIA ا ا ﰱ ﻣ ﺳ . ًو ا م ر ر اﻻدارة ا ﻰ ع ﺳ ﰱ اﺳ ار إ ﻪ، ﻪ ﰱ ا 1990 إ ﻣ ا ات ا دة ﻣ ا ، واﺳ ا ا ﻰ أ 1991.
و د 1991 ا ﻣ ﻣ ا رات -Counter Narcotics Center واﺳ ﻪ ﻰ إ ء ا ﻪ ﰱ ا 1994 . و أن ا ﰱ CIA أ ًﻣ ا م 1990 آن ك ﻣ روع و أوا ون ا ﰱ ا اﻻ ه.
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ا ت اﻻ ﻻت ا ا و ط KGB ﻣ د إ وا ﻣ روﻣ اﺳ ام ا ط ا أﺳ ﺳ . أﻣ ا ت ا رج ا ﻻ ت ا ة وا ا ﻣ . و ا ا ، أن ا رة وق ﻣ رع ﻣ د ق ر ا USPS و ن ا وق ا اﺳ اﻣ وق رع ر Garfield Terrace NW Garfield St . واﻻ رة ا أ ﻪ ﺳ م ﻣ ، أي ﺳ ًﻣ و ا ن ا ه و ﻪ ا ن، وﻣ ى ﻣ ﻣ ر م ﻣ . و ا م KGB ور وق ا ى ﻣ إذا ك ا رة أم ﻻ. و م KGB أ اﻻ اء إذا ن ﺳ ﻣ ًﻣ و ﻪ ت أو ﻣ ة ﻣ .
و م ف ا ا ، أى ﻣ ، و وق ا ا ه ا رة م ا . أﻣ ا ت ا ا أ ﻣ إ ﺳ أن ذ ا
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EBSCO Publishing : eBook Arabic Collection (EBSCOhost) - printed on 10/9/2020 12:49 PM via EMIRATES CENTER FOR STRATEGIC STUDIES AND RESEARCH AN: 2325686 ; .; : Account: s6314207 رج ا ﻻ ت ا ة - وا ا ﻣ - ا « د » ﰱ 1990 ، و ا « ا ر ﻪ » د 1990 ﻣ ، و ﻪ ﻣ ة أ ى د 1991 ا س و أ 1992 وآ ﻣ .1993
و اﻻ ﻻت ا و ط KGB ، دة إ ﻣ روﻣ إ وا ا ا أﻣ ا وأﻣ ا ر ة، ا ﻣ ن ﺳ ض أﻣ ا ، اﺳ ام ا ا ، و ا ت ات ﻣ ة، أ ﺳ أ . و ﻣ ، ﻣ ا اﻻﺳ ء ا ا ا ؛ ور ﺳ ب ة ت ا ً ؛ ك ا أ ﻪ إ ﻣ ﻪ ﻻﺳ ص أ ا ﻣ ت ا ﺳ أن أﻣ ه ، و ك ن إ ر ﰱ ﻣ ل أﻣ Safe House . و ا أ ﻪ ن ا ﻣ ا ا ( ز ﻣ ا ﺳ ﺳ ) ً َ ز ا ات ا ي م ﻪ ا اء ا ت ا ات ﻣ ة وﰱ رج ا و . .
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ا ة ﻣ 1 إ 7 1993 أودع إ ت ﻣ ا ك ا ﻣ ﻣ 22.800 ًدوﻻرا. و ا ة ﻣ 20 إ 4 أ 1993 أودع 16.500 ًدوﻻرا، و ا ول ﻣ 1993 اﺳ ﻣ ا ًﻣ ً ا ﻣ ا ل. و أ ﻪ ا ا و ا ون ﻪ ﻣ 1.9 ﻣ ن دوﻻر ﺳ ﻪ. و ا ة ﻣ 3 إ 10 1993 ر FBI إ ا ت 43.200 ًدوﻻرا.
و ا ت ا م ط FBI إ أن إ أ ا ة ا 1985 و 1993 ﻣ 1.397.300 ًدوﻻرا. و أ 1989 ا ى إ ًﻣ ﻻ ل 540.000 ًدوﻻرا، م ً ا ﻣ . وأ ع زﻣ ﻪ أن ا زو ﻪ أ ا ا ا ل ﺳ ا د ا ا ي رز ﻪ. وأ إ ﻣ و اء ا ث، و اء ﺳ ر ﻣ ر ار و ا، م ا ت وأ ط ت اﻻ ن 455.000 ًدوﻻرا، ا ف ﻣ و ت دراﺳ زو ﻪ ﻣ رچ ون و اء أﺳ وﺳ ات.
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1989 ، أى أ ﻣ دة إ إ وا ﻣ روﻣ ، CIA أول غ رﺳ ﻣ ة إ إ . أ أ ا ط ا ﻣ ا ات ا دة أن إ ﻣ ى ق ا ا رف ﻪ ط CIA . . ن ا ا أن إ ن ﻪ اﻻ ع ت ا ء ا اﺳ KGB وا ء ا ﻣ 1985 و 1986 . و ن أن زو ﻪ ﰱ ﻣ اء ا ي ﻪ إ و دده ًدا زﻣ ﻪ. وأو ا ه أن إ ن ﻣ ، و ﻣ د ﻣ روﻣ ا ﻣ ر ا ل ر د ، ود ذ ل ا ا ي ا اه ً ا.
و ء ا ا ، أ ط ا ﻣ ا ي ون إ ا ، وا ت ا . و ر أ ا ا ا ا أ ﻣ ﺳ ا ت أن ا ا ى م ا ا ة 1990 ن
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اﺳ ف ا ت ﻣ رس 1990 ، و أى ا ﻣ ر ، وإن ن ا ن ا إ ا ق ورة ا ت ت إ ، وأ ا ﻪ ا ، وأ ا ﻪ ﻻ ر ا ب. وا ا أ ورة م ا رة ا ﻪ ن ك ك ﻪ KGB.
ن آ ا ر رو ا ب أ اه إ م 1986 و ن اﻻ ر ا ﻣ ه ﰱ م 1991 ، أن ا اﻻ ر ا اؤه ط ا ت رو ﺳ ات. و َ ا ن اﻻ ر ا و م ا رة ا ه إ .
واﺳ ع إ ا ز اﻻ ر ا ي ﻣ ع ا ﻣ ال، و ن رو ً ً . و أ ا ط ا ر ا ا اء اﻻ ر ذ أ ﻪ ﻣ ن إ ئ 100 وأن ك ا ض اﻻ ت.
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اﻻ ق CIA و FBI ﻣ ا ﻻت ا أ ﻰ ا ﻣ ﺳ و ا ا ا ورو و ا ة ﻣ 1985 و 1986 . و ا ﻣ ن أﻣ ع ﻣ ت ﻻء ا ء CIA . و ل أ 1991 ا دت 198 ً CIA ا ا ﻣ . وﻣ ا ا د، دت ا 29 ً - ﻣ إ - ا و أو . أ ت ا ﻣ ت ﻣ ا ط ﻣ ا ص أﻻ ٌأى ﻣ أ ﻪ ﻣ .
و ء ﻪ ﻣ ا ط ا وس أ ر إ أ ء ﻣ ﻪ إ أ ﻪ ار ﻣ أﻣ ﻣ ك ﻣ ﻪ ﻣ و ن ﻣ ﻣ ت ا ء وا ت، وذ ﻣ و ﻪ ا إ ا ه أن ن ﻣ د ﻣ ﻪ و ه ا ﻣ ت، و ا وا ك إ . و ا ﻣ ر ﺳ رت ا ه ﻣ ن ﻣ ﻪ إ ، رت ا ا ا اء ﻣ ل ﻣ ت ا ت، ﻣ ا ﻣ أو ر إ . و ﻣ ت FBI أن إ ن أ ى ة ﻣ ت ﻣ وا و .
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ل ر 1992 رت ا ا ا ر ﻣ ا ون ا ، ا ت ن و ﻪ وﻣ اﻻ ق خ وا ة ا ة ا وزو ﻪ ق د ﻪ ﰱ CIA وا ي ﺳ ا دوﻻر ﺳ ً.
ن إ ا ا ى ر ا ذ ا اﻻ اء ﻪ. وأﺳ ت ا ت أن إ وزو ﻪ ن ت اﻻ ً ﻣ 20 و 30 أ ًدوﻻرا، و ﻣ ن ت ر ﻣ ا ل، و إ . .
و أ 1992 أ إ ى ا ﺳ ت ا ا ج أرﺳ ﻪ CIA أ دت ن ك ا ا ت ﻣ ت إ ا ﻣ م 1985 ﻣ ت ا ﻻف ﻣ ا وﻻرات، ﻻ إ ﻣ ﻣ ة ﻪ.
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EBSCO Publishing : eBook Arabic Collection (EBSCOhost) - printed on 10/9/2020 12:49 PM via EMIRATES CENTER FOR STRATEGIC STUDIES AND RESEARCH AN: 2325686 ; .; : Account: s6314207 أﺳ ت ا ت أن ﻣ 1.500.000 دوﻻر ا إ ب إ ا . و ﻣ ق د ﻪ ﻣ CIA . و اﺳ ع ا ن أن ا ا ة ا ﻣ ا ه اﻻ ا ت ت ا ﻰ ن .
و أ 1992 ا إ أن ً ا ﻣ ا ت ا ﻣ ﻪ ى ﺳ ز ر ا.
و ا زا ا ة ا ا رة أﻣ م ا ، و ا ﻣ ﻪ إ ﻣ KGB و SVR ا 4.6 ﻣ ن دوﻻر.
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أ 1992 ، أن إ ا ﺳ س ا روع ا ي ي ا ﻪ. 1993 إ ر FBI ، و أ ا رﺳ ً اﺳ FBI . وأ رت ﻣ ﻣ ا ا ات ا ارات اء ا ا اﻻ و وﻣ ﺳ إ ، و ا ﻣ ا ه ا ص، و ز ﺳ ر ﻪ ﻪ.
25 1993 أ ى ط FBI ً ﴎ ً إ CIA و ا ر 144 و ﴎ ﻣ ج ق ا ﻪ.
و 15 ﺳ 1993 أﺳ وق ﻣ ﻣ ل إ ا ر ﻣ ة ﻣ ﻣ ا ﻣ ﴎ ﻣ ا ر أن م ﰱ أول أ 1993 ﻣ . و 29 ﺳ ر ﻣ إ وزو ﻪ إ ء ز رة ر ن ﻣ ا ر أن م ، و ا ار ه ا أن زو ﻪ م ﻪ ً و ﻪ ﻣ ا وس.
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EBSCO Publishing : eBook Arabic Collection (EBSCOhost) - printed on 10/9/2020 12:49 PM via EMIRATES CENTER FOR STRATEGIC STUDIES AND RESEARCH AN: 2325686 ; .; : Account: s6314207 و 6 أ 1993 أﺳ وق ﻣ ﻣ ﻪ ﻣ ة أ ى ا ر ﻣ دة و ت ط ت CIA وﻣ ﻣ ت ﴎ . و 9 أ د ط FBI ﻣ ل إ م و ده أو زو ﻪ، و ﻣ ا ﴎي أﺳ ا ر ﻣ ات ﻣ ﴎ أ ا ا س و أ 1992 ، و ت د ا ا ر اﺳ اﻣ اﻻ ﻻت ا ا ﻪ، و ت ا ﻻت، وﻣ ﻣ . و 12 أ اﺳ ط FBI ﻣ ل أ ة ا ا ا ﻣ ل إ ، إ ﻪ و زو ﻪ ﻪ أ ﻪ ﺳ ج ا م ا ًﻣ ا إ رة أ د ا ، ًو ء ذ ا غ ا ا ا ا ي ا ﻪ ﻻ ذ ا زم. و ح ا م ا ﻪ ا ا ور وه و اﻻ رة ا ا ً أ د ا . و ا وق ا ر وا ﻣ ا ﻣ ا م. واﺳ ت ا ا ت وا ا ى ﻣ ﻪ ا وﻣ د ﻪ ﻣ زو ﻪ ﻪ وا د ﻣ م ا د ه ً ا ﻻ د ا ة ا ا ت ً ا.
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أ دت ا ﻣ ت ا 1994 أن إ ﺳ إ ﻣ ﺳ ا ﺳ ع ا ﻣ ا ﻣ رﺳ ر ﻣ ، و راﺳ ا ر ط FBI ورة إ ء ا إ وإ ء ه ا ﺳ ه. و ﻪ ا ح 21 ا 1994 إ ﻣ ل إ ، و د و ﻪ ﻣ ا ل، أ ا ﻪ أن ﺳ ر ﻪ، أ ا أ زو ﻪ. و أت ا ت ﻣ . و 28 ا 1994 ا ف أو ر إ وزو ﻪ اﻻ د ا ﻰ روﺳ ، ﻻ إ ا ب ا . و ا إ ﻣ ى ا ة ﻣ م إﻣ ا ﻪ. و إ ا ا ا را ي ت ﻻ ا Federal Correctional Institution in Terre .Haute, Indiana, United States و ا ا ا را ر 083 - 40087 أو ر إ ا ﻣ ى ا ة ون إﻣ ا ﻣﻪ
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EBSCO Publishing : eBook Arabic Collection (EBSCOhost) - printed on 10/9/2020 12:49 PM via EMIRATES CENTER FOR STRATEGIC STUDIES AND RESEARCH AN: 2325686 ; .; : Account: s6314207 اﻻ د ا ﻰ روﺳ ا ة ﻣ أ 1985 و ﻰ ا ء ا ﻪ ا 1994 و ر ا ات ا وا ﻣ ا ﻣﻰ ا ﻣ . و زو ﻪ ﻣ ر روﺳ ر إ ة ﺳ ات و أ ا ﻣ وا ب ا ﻣ 2.5 ﻣ ن دوﻻر ا ل وزو ﻣ أ . و ا أﺳ ل ا ر أ ﺳ ﺳ اﺳ ت ﺳ ات أ ا أ ﻣ ً ا ن CIA وأ م ٌ د ٌ ﻣ . ًو ا ن ا ا ت ﻣ أ ا ﺳ ﺳ أ ﻰ م 1998 ان « ا » The Traitor Within م ﻪ Timothy Hutton و Elizabeth Pena. و م 2014 أ ﻣ abc ًﻣ ً ان: The Assets ب ر ا ان: The Circle Of Treason: A CIA Account Of Traitor Aldrich Ames And The Men He Betrayed دا ة ا : CIA ا أو ر إ وا ل ا . و ﻣ Sandra Grimes and Jeanne Vertefeuille و ا ن ﻣ ا ا ى ﻪ CIA ا ا روع دا ا وا ي ن SVR KGB . .
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Copyright © 2019. . All rights reserved. May not be reproduced in any form without permission from the publisher, except fair uses permitted under U.S. or applicable copyright law.
EBSCO Publishing : eBook Arabic Collection (EBSCOhost) - printed on 10/9/2020 12:49 PM via EMIRATES CENTER FOR STRATEGIC STUDIES AND RESEARCH AN: 2325686 ; .; : Account: s6314207 ا ﺳ س ا ﻣ إﴎا ن ﻻ رد ﻣ أ ا ﺳ ﺳ ا وﺳ ا م ا - - و ا ﻣ وا ﴎا - را ﻣ ى ً ﻣ ﻣ م 1985.
إ ء ا ﻻرد وا ﻪ ﻣ ى ا ة ون ، وﻣ وﻻت ا اج ﻪ ا را ﻣ ا ﻣ ت ا ﴎا ا ﻰ ﻣ ﻣ ، وﻣ ﻣ ت ا ا ﴎا وا ت ا د ا ﻣ و أ ء ا س و د ﻣ ا ت ا ﻣ ا ﻣ . و ر ا ؤﺳ ء ا ﻣ ن ت ا اج ﻻرد وا ﻪ ر ﺳ ً ، و ج ﻻرد إﻻ ن 20 2015 ً ء ا ن ا ﻣ ﻰ اج ا م ﻣ ى ا ة إذا أﻣ ا ً ﻣ و ا أ ﻣ ت و ا ت ا . و أ ج ﻪ ًإ ا ﻣ و ً .
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و ن ﻻرد 7 أ 1954 ﻣ ن ﻻ س ا ﻻ ت ا ة Galveston, Texas, USA ودرس ﻣ ﺳ رد، ﻣ ا ت Alert اﻻر ب ا ا ﻣ ﻣ ﻣ ت ﻣ ل ا ات ا دة.
ﻪ ا ا ﻣ دوا أ م إﴎا ، و ه ا وا اﻣ وا ا د وأن زو ﻪ آن رﺳ ن - ﻻرد Anne Henderson Pollard - ا ﻣ ﻪ ﰱ ا ﺳ ﺳ و ا ﺳ ً وراء ا ل.
ﻻرد و ة ا ات ا ا ا ر ا زراء اﻻﴎا ُ ﻪ Lekem و ﻪ ﰱ م 1986.
ن ﻻرد ﻣ ﻣ أر ط ﻣ ات اﴎا ا ﻣ ﻣ ﻣ .
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EBSCO Publishing : eBook Arabic Collection (EBSCOhost) - printed on 10/9/2020 12:49 PM via EMIRATES CENTER FOR STRATEGIC STUDIES AND RESEARCH AN: 2325686 ; .; : Account: s6314207 أ ا ﻻرد وﻣ ﻪ ﻣ أ زﻣ ﻪ ادارة ا ﻣ ا أ ﻪ م و ﴎ ج ق ا ﻪ. و ﻻ أ ﻣ ا ﻣ أ ﻪ ج ه ا إ رج ﻣ ا ، و ﻪ ًﻣ ، إ أن ر ا ء ا ﻪ وﻣ ا ﻪ ﻣ ت وا د ا أﻣ ا ت وا ا ت.
أ ا ﻻرد وزو ﻪ 21 1985 رج ﻣ ا رة اﻻﴎا ا ا ﻣ وا ، ﻣ ن د ل ا رة، و ا ء ا ﻻﴎا ، أﻣ ا وب رج ا د. و ﻪ اﻻ م ﺳ ﺳ اﴎا ﻣ ﻣ ﻣ .
ن ﻻرد ﻣ ة م و ﴎ ﻣ 2.500 ًدوﻻرا، و ز رات ر ﻪ وآن رﺳ ن إ اﴎا ، و د ﻣ ا ول ا ورو ﺳ ا ة، و أ ء ز رة ﺳ و رﺳ ً وأ إﺳ آن رﺳ ن - - ﻻرد. و ا ر ﻣ أوراق ﻣ ا ﻣ ﻣ ت ا رات ا د ﻣ ا ول ا . و و ﻪ إ زو ﻪ ا ام و ﴎ ﻣ ا ا ﻣ ﻣ ت أﻣ ت ا ات ا ا ﻻ ت ا ة.
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ا ا ﻣ 1986 ا ف ﻣ ﻻرد وزو ﻪ ﻻ ﻣ ت ا ا ﺳ ﺳ . و أ ء ا ت ا ف أﺳ ء ا ط اﻻﴎا ا ر ا ا ﻣ ن ﻻرد.
و 4 ﻣ رس 1987 ن ﻻرد ﻣ ى ا ة، و زو ﻪ آن رﺳ ن - ﻻرد ﺳ ات.
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اﴎا ً ﻰ أ ﻣ وﻻت اﻻ اج ا ﺳ س ا ي . م 1988 أت أو ا وﻻت ن ﻣ ًا ا ﻻ ت ا ة اء دل ج اﴎا ا ﺳ س ا Marcus Klingberg ، و رس اﻻ د ا ذه ى ﺳ ر وإ ان اج ر أﻣ ﻣ اﺳ ت ﺳ ر وإ ان، وذ ﻣ اﻻ اج ﻻرد وزو ﻪ. و ر ﻣ اﻻ اح.
و م 1990 درﺳ اﴎا ا م ض اج ﻣ ات اﴎا ﻰ ﺳ ﻣ ن ًﻣ ﻣ ﻪ ا ﻰ ً ﻣ ا ا ﻻ ت ا ة ودو أ ى ا ، ﻣ اﻻ اج ﻻرد. و اﻻ اح ﻪ رﺳ ً ن ﻣ ﻪ ر ض ا د ، وأﻣ ﻣ ة ﻪ ا ا ﰱ م 1993.
و م 1994 ض دور رج Theodore Hesburgh ا ا ﻣ دام ا ﻻ ت ا ة أن ول ا ﺳ اﻻ اج ﻻرد، ﻻرد
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EBSCO Publishing : eBook Arabic Collection (EBSCOhost) - printed on 10/9/2020 12:49 PM via EMIRATES CENTER FOR STRATEGIC STUDIES AND RESEARCH AN: 2325686 ; .; : Account: s6314207 ﻪ ا ا ﻣ و ً اﻻ اج ﻪ، و ا ا ﻣ ﻣ رو Mike Royko ن ة ﻣ ﻻت ا 1994 ه ا ة، و ا و ا ا أو ا أن ا ﻣ وارد ﻣ د ا ﻪ. وا رج إ ا ف ل أ د ا ا اﻻ ه.
ن ا ﺳ را أول ر وزراء م رﺳ م 1995 دارة ا ﻣ ﻻرد، ا ا ﻣ ر . و أ 1998 ، و أ ء ﻣ د ت واي ر م Wye River Peace Talk ا ط ر ا زراء اﻻﴎا ﻣ اﻻ اج ﻻرد ﻣ ا ق ﻣ ﴎ ت، و ﻣ أ ا ن ا ﻣ ن ك رد ورا د ا ا ﻻرد. وﻣ أ ز ا ر ﻣ CIA رچ George J. Tenet ا ي د ﻻﺳ إذا أ ج ﻻرد.
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أ ب أ ء ا س ر ﻪ. وأ وزراء د ع ر أ ا ﻻرد، و :
• دو راﻣ Donald Rumsfeld
• ﻣ د Melvin R. Laird
• ا ر Frank C. Carlucci
• ر رد ﻰ Richard B. Cheney
• ﺳ ر وا Caspar W. Weinberger
James R. Schlesinger •
• إ ت ر ردﺳ ن Elliot L. Richardson
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EBSCO Publishing : eBook Arabic Collection (EBSCOhost) - printed on 10/9/2020 12:49 PM via EMIRATES CENTER FOR STRATEGIC STUDIES AND RESEARCH AN: 2325686 ; .; : Account: s6314207 ور ن ا ﻻرد. و اﴎا رﺳ ً ﻰ م 1998 أن ﻻرد ﻻ ً ﺳ ﺳ ﻣ ﻣ أن ا ا ن ون ﻣ ﻻ ق ا ، و ﻣ ب ﻣ ﻣ م ﻪ ﻻرد.
و ﻣ 1998 أ ر ا زراء ن ﻻرد ن ً ﺳ ﺳ ﻻﴎا ، وذ ا ع رﺳ ﻣ ﻣ ا ول ا ت ا ﻣ ر ا زراء.
وﻣ ذ أن ا ﻣ اﻻﴎا ت ا ا ﻣ ا ﻣ ا ا ن ﻻرد و .Richard A Hibey - Hamilton Philip Fox III و ل ا اﻻ ﻣ وﻣ ﻪ إ د راك م 1999 ن ُ ﻣ ت ﺳ اﻻ م ا دا ﻻرد.
أﻣ ﻻرد ﻪ ن دد أ ﻪ أﻣ اﴎا ﻣ ت ﻣ اﻻﴎا ن ﻣ ا ض أن ا ن اﴎا و ة ا ا و ا م 1983 وا دل ﻣ ﻣ ت ا ات ا .
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EBSCO Publishing : eBook Arabic Collection (EBSCOhost) - printed on 10/9/2020 12:49 PM via EMIRATES CENTER FOR STRATEGIC STUDIES AND RESEARCH AN: 2325686 ; .; : Account: s6314207 و ه ا ﻣ ت ت ا ﺳ ا ر ، اﻻﺳ ا و ا ا وا ر ، وﻣ وع ا ا ر ا و ا ع ا ي ا .
و ا ر ا ت ا وا ﺳ م رة ﻻرد ا م 2002 . و 14 ﺳ 2005 ر ا رچ ش ً رﺳ ً م ﻪ ﻻرد. ًوأ م 2007 ﻻ اج ﻻرد إذا ﻣ ز ا ت ر ﺳ ا ﻣ .
و 10 2008 وأ ء أول ز رة رچ ش ﻻﴎا أ ر ر ا زراء إ د أو ت Ehud Olmert ﻣ ع ﻻرد ور ا ش اﻻﺳ . و م 2009 م ﻻرد ﻪ ﻪ و ا ش ر .
و ﺳ 2009 أ رت ا ﻣ اﻻﴎا ً أو ﻪ أن ا وﻻت وا ت ا ﺳ ا رة اج ﻻرد ر اﻻدارة ا ﻣ .
و أ ت أﴎة ﻻرد ا ا ﻣ ورد ا ا ن ًﻣ ة إ ه ﻣ و ﻣ ا ﻣ اﻻﴎا اﻻ اج ﻻرد.
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EBSCO Publishing : eBook Arabic Collection (EBSCOhost) - printed on 10/9/2020 12:49 PM via EMIRATES CENTER FOR STRATEGIC STUDIES AND RESEARCH AN: 2325686 ; .; : Account: s6314207 و 24 2011 م ر ا زراء اﻻﴎا ً رﺳ ً أو ﻣ ن ﻻرد و ر ﻪ. و 2011 ﻣ أﴎة ﻻرد ا ﻣ راك أو ﻣ ، ًﻣ ﺳ ً ا ﻣ أ ء ا ، ح ن ﻻرد رة وا ه ا . و ر ا . و و ة وا ه ًأ ر ﻣ ر ﻪ ا زة. و م 2012 م ا اﻻﴎا ن ً أو ﻣ و ر ﻪ ًأ .
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EBSCO Publishing : eBook Arabic Collection (EBSCOhost) - printed on 10/9/2020 12:49 PM via EMIRATES CENTER FOR STRATEGIC STUDIES AND RESEARCH AN: 2325686 ; .; : Account: s6314207 اﻟﺤﻤﻼت اﻟﺪاﻋﻤﺔ ﻟﭙﻮﻻرد ﻓﻲ اﴎاﺋﻴﻞ واﻟﻮﻻﻳﺎت اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺪة
إ ا ت ا رة اج ﻻرد وا م اﴎا ، ك ا ت ﻣ اج ﻪ، م ﻣ ﻣ ا س اﺳ ﻣ ان ﻣ ﻣ ﺳ ر ا زراء، ﻣ ﻣ ان ر Paris Square إ ﻣ ان ا ﻣ أ ن ﻻرد Freedom For Jonathan Pollard Square.
و ا را ا ه ا ت ور ل أن ﻻرد م ل ﺳ ﺳ دو ﻻ ت ا ة و دو ﻣ د ، ﻻ إ أن ا ا ي ر ه أ ة ﻣ أ م رت ﻻت ﻣ .
وﻣ أﻣ ه ا ت ﻣ م ﻪ أﺳ ذ م ﺳ ﺳ أﻣ ﻣ ا د ا ﻰ د David Luchins اء ن ﻻرد أن أ ﻪ ب أ ب ﻪ ﻣﻪ، وإ اره ﻪ ق ا ا ا ﻣ وا وا ا ا د .
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EBSCO Publishing : eBook Arabic Collection (EBSCOhost) - printed on 10/9/2020 12:49 PM via EMIRATES CENTER FOR STRATEGIC STUDIES AND RESEARCH AN: 2325686 ; .; : Account: s6314207 و ﻻرد أ ب ﻣﻪ ﻻ ذ ه ا ة، وا زادت ﻣ ﻣ ﻪ. و أي ا ال ن ا ا ﻣ ى اءات ا ا ن. و أوا ﻣ رس 2014 ا ح وز ا ر ا ﻣ ن ي John Kerry دراﺳ اﻣ ا ﻻرد ﻻﴎا ﻻﺳ ف ا و ت ﻣ ا ً ا ﻻ ء ا و ا ، و ا ا أ أ ﻪ ﻻ ار ا ذه ن أي ا ق ﻻرد.
و أ 2014 د ا رو Elyakim Rubinstein ا ا ا اﻻﴎا ا ا ﻻرد، و ا ا ﻣ ً و . ر: ر ﻣ د ا ا ار ر ن ﻻرد.
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ً ن ا ﻣ ه ا ة، ﻪ اﻻ اج ا م ﻣ ى ا ة ًإ ا ًﻣ و ، وﻣ رج ا ، إذا ا أﻣ ا 30 ً ﻣ و ا ت ا و ا أ ﻣ ت.
و راﺳ ﻣ ﻻرد أ ا ا ﻣ ا ﰱ 28 2015 أ ﻪ " ذ ا ﻣ ﻪ، و ﺳ اﻻ اج ن ﻻرد 20 2015 ". ًو وط اﻻ اج ن ﻻرد ﺳ ا ا وا ة م ﻣ ، و ﻪ ل ه ا ة أن ًﻣ ا ا دا أرا ا ﻻ ت ا ة ة ﺳ ات م 2020 . و ﻻرد ار اء ز ا و ﻰ ا و ﻪ وأﻣ ا ه، وﺳ و ز ا ا ى ﻣﻪ ا ا . وﰱ ا ال ﻪ اﻻدﻻء أ د أو ا ﻣ ﻣ اﻻ . و اﻻ اج ا وط ﻻرد ورة ا ام ﻣ ﻪ ﰱ ﻣ رك ًا را ﻣ ا ا ﻣ ء م و ﻰ ا ً . ﻪ ر ﻣ ﺳ ا ة ا ا دى.
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EBSCO Publishing : eBook Arabic Collection (EBSCOhost) - printed on 10/9/2020 12:49 PM via EMIRATES CENTER FOR STRATEGIC STUDIES AND RESEARCH AN: 2325686 ; .; : Account: s6314207 و وز ا ل اﻻﴎا أ Ayelet Shaked وﻣ ﻣ ﻻرد ﻣ ا أو ﻣ ﻣ رﺳ ذه ﻻ ء ﻻرد ﻣ ه ا وط، وا ح ﻪ إ اﴎا . و ﻣ ً ﺳ ا ﻣ ا ﻣ ا ا أ أن ا .
و ا ل أ ر ﻣ ا أو ﻣ اﺳ ء ا و اﻻﴎا وا ﻣ ﻻرد اﴎا وا ﻻ ت ا ة، وا ا ا أو ﻣ زدوا ا ، أ روا إ ا ي اﻻﻣ ﻣ Soldier Chelsea Manning ا ي ﴎب أ ﻣ 700.000 و إ و Wikileaks م 2010 أ ء ﻣ ﻪ ﰱ ا اق. ﻣ 35 ً ﻣ ، و ا أو ﻣ أن در ا ا أ م أ ر ً ا ﻪ و ﻣ ﺳ ﻪ ﺳ ﺳ ات.
ون أ إ رو ن Ronald Pelton ا ي ع وﺳ و ﴎ ﻣ ا ﻣ ا ﻣ ﰱ ﻣ 35.000 ًدوﻻرا، و ﻪ ﻣ ى ا ة ث ﻣ ات، و ﻣ أﻣ ً ﻣ ا - ﻣ ﻻرد - وا ج ﻪ، ُ ض ﻪ أ وط أو د.
و ﻣ 2017 م ﻻرد ﻣ ل ﻣ ﻣ ا را ا ا ة ا ﻣ ﻣ رك
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EBSCO Publishing : eBook Arabic Collection (EBSCOhost) - printed on 10/9/2020 12:49 PM via EMIRATES CENTER FOR STRATEGIC STUDIES AND RESEARCH AN: 2325686 ; .; : Account: s6314207 ا اءات ا ق ا اح ا وط، و ا ر ا وأ ت اﺳ ار ار اء ا ز اﻻ و ﻰ ﻪ، وا ام ﻣ ﻪ ﻣ ا ﻣ ء ا ا ، وا ز ا ا .
و أ ب ﻣ ﻣ ﻪ إ ت Eliot Lawer أﻣ ﻪ ﻣ ا . أ رت اﻻ اج ﻻرد ً ا ت ﻪ ا ﻣ ة ﻣ ا و ﻪ اﴎا .
و ا ى ا ﺳ اﻻﴎا أ ر ﻣ ر ا زراء ً 3/ 12/ 2017 أذا ﻪ ﻣ ا ة ا ﰱ ا ن اﻻﴎا أن ًدا ﻣ ع ﻻرد ا ع ﻣ ﻣ و ﻣ اﻻدارة ا ﻣ ﻣ ﻣ أ ﻪ أﻣ ا .
و ر اﴎا أن ﻣ ا ا ﻣ دو ا ﻣ ﻻرد ﻣ ا وط وا د ا و ﻪ.
و ى ا ا ﺳ أن ا ت اﻻﴎا ا ﻣ - ا رة ا ﻣ ﻣ أ إ ا س - ﻣ ا ة وا اﻻ ﻣ ا ﻣ ﺳ ً اﻣ ح ة ﻻرد إ اﴎا .
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Jonathan Pollard
" ﻻرد ﻪ"
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رو ت ﻣ ا ا ا ﺳ ﺳ ؛ ت ﻣ ا ت ا را FBI . و ً ﺳ ﺳ د ا روﺳ اﻻ د ة 22 ً ﻣ ؛ ﻣ م 1979 إ م 2001 ، و ة ً ا، ؤﻻت ة ل أﺳ ب م ا ﻪ ، إ ا ا ي ﻪ ً ﻣ ا ط ا ا ن ا ﻪ وﺳ ﺳ اء " ﻣ ا ى أ ا؟ " "?What took you so long" .
وﺳ ف ﻣ ل ﴎد ت ا أن ا ا ا ﺳ ن ا ا ا دي . ا وراء ا ل وا ، ً و د أﺳ ب إ أ ﻪ ﺳ ى .
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و رو ت 18 ا 1944 ﻣ ﻻ إ ي Chicago - Illinois . وا ه ارد Howard ن . ووا ﻪ ﻰ ن Vivian . ا ن ﻣ روود رك Norwood Park درس رو ت ﻣ رﺳ و م ارد ا William Howard Taft High School وا ﻰ ا ا م 1962 ، وا Knox College ﻣ ج وﻻ إ ى Galesburg, Illinois در ا ر س ا ء م 1966 .
م و ا ﻣ ا ﻣ National Security Agency و ﺳ ب ا ا ا . و ﻣ ا ل و ا ﺳ ن ﻣ رث و ن . . North Western University و ف ه ا ة د ووك Bernadette Wauck ا ة ﺳ Bonnie و و 10/ 08/ 1968 ورز ﻣ : Lisa, Greg, Mark, John, Sue and Jane
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EBSCO Publishing : eBook Arabic Collection (EBSCOhost) - printed on 10/9/2020 12:49 PM via EMIRATES CENTER FOR STRATEGIC STUDIES AND RESEARCH AN: 2325686 ; .; : Account: s6314207 ة ﻣ ا ا ﺳ ن ل إ ا ا ص و در ا ( MBA ) ا ﺳ . و ﻪ اﺳ ل م وا وا ادارة ا ا ﺳ ا ا ون ا ا . و 1976 ث ل ة رو ت ﻣ ك ادارة ا وا ﻣ ا ت ا را FBI .
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12 1976 أ رو ت ت ﻣ ﻣ ا ﻻ ا Indiana . م 1978 إ ﻣ رك ا ا . و أت ل أ ى ﰱ ا ة ا و ت م 1979 ﻣ ﻪ إ ا ات ا دة ﻪ اد ة ت ط ا ات ا .
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ا م ا ي أ ﻪ رو ت ً ﰱ ا ات ا دة ًوﻣ اد ة ت ط ا ات ا ا ﻻ ت ا ة وا ﻪ . .
و ذ أﺳ ء ط ا ات KGB و GRU ( ا ات ا ) وا ء ا ن ﻣ ا ز ، وا ت ا ﻣ ن وا ء ا دو ، وأﻣ ا ت ا و ذ ﻣ ا ت.
ا ا م أ ى رو ت ًا ﻻ ﴎ ً ط GRU و ض ﻪ ﻣ ﻪ ﻣ ا ل .
م 1981 إ ﻣ FBI ا ا وا ﻣ ا ا ﺳ دة ﻣ ﻪ ا ﺳ و ا ﻣ ت، وا ﻪ ا .
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EBSCO Publishing : eBook Collection (EBSCOhost) - printed on 10/9/2020 12:50 PM via EMIRATES CENTER FOR STRATEGIC STUDIES AND RESEARCH AN: 2325686 ; .; : Account: s6314207 و ث ﺳ ات ﻣ ة أ ى إ و ﺳ و ﻣ و ة ا ﻣ ت ا ات ا ، و ط ط ا ات ا و ا اﺳ ا ن وا ، و أﺳ ء وﺳ ا ط ا ات ا و وﻻء ا ء ا دو .
و م 1985 إ ا ا ا ﻰ رك ا ا ﻣ ل ا ات ا دة ا ات ا و ه ا ة َ ﻣ ا .
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أن أ ﻪ ا ا ﻰ رك ﻪ ﻣ ﻣ ت ﻣ ا ﻣ أ ى ت FBI ا ات ا و KGB، ا ﻣ ا ي ﻪ ر ا ول ﻣ أ 1985 أن ل ﻪ ا إ KGB ﻻ ﻣ GRU ، رﺳ ً ون إ KGB ض ﻪ ﻣ ﻪ ﻣ ﻣ ﻣ أ ًدوﻻرا ً ا . .
و KGB ا ﻪ ﺳ ن ًﻣ ا وأن ﻣ ﻣ اﻻﺳ ض ا ي ﻣﻪ، ذ ا ب أﺳ ء ﻣ ط KGB ا ا ء FBI و : ر ز ، ى ﻣ ر ف وﺳ ﻰ ﻣ ر Boris Yuzhin, Valery .Martynov and Sergei Motorin
و أن ه ا ﻣ ة ﻣ KGB ن CIA أو ر إ أ ﻣ ﻻء ا ط ا ﻪ . .
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EBSCO Publishing : eBook Collection (EBSCOhost) - printed on 10/9/2020 12:50 PM via EMIRATES CENTER FOR STRATEGIC STUDIES AND RESEARCH AN: 2325686 ; .; : Account: s6314207 و أي ا ال ن أ أن ﻪ ﻣ ﻣ ت و اﻻﺳ دة ﻣ ﻪ.
أﻣ ا ط ا ا ء ز FBI اﺳ ؤ إ ﻣ ﺳ وأ ا ، و وإدا ﺳ ﺳ اﻻ د ا و ا . ُ ﻣ ﻣ ر ف وﻣ ر ام، و ا رﻣ ً ص، أﻣ ز ، ﻪ ، و أن أﻣ ﻪ ﺳ ﺳ ات أ ج ﻪ م ﺳ ء ﺳ ﺳ . إ ا ﻻ ت ا ة و أ ة ة .
ُ ًﻣ ة أ ى إ ا ا وا ، وأﺳ ا ﻪ أﻣ إ اد ا ﺳ ب ا أدت إ ا ا ء ا . ﻣ روع FBI أم أ ء أﻣ ا و اﻻ ﻻت؟
م 1989 ﻪ ﻣ KGB أن FBI ﻪ ﻣ ول زارة ا ر ا ﻣ ﻰ Felix Bloch و ري ا ي ﻪ وﻣ ا ﻪ أد ﻣﻪ اﻻ د ا ، ا ﻣ ا ى ا ا اﻻ ﻻت ﻣ ﻪ و ﻪ، و ن ا ا غ أ FBI ﻣ ك ﺳ س . و م
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EBSCO Publishing : eBook Collection (EBSCOhost) - printed on 10/9/2020 12:50 PM via EMIRATES CENTER FOR STRATEGIC STUDIES AND RESEARCH AN: 2325686 ; .; : Account: s6314207 إﻣ ن ا إ د ﻣ دي ﻪ اﻻ م ا ﻪ أ وزارة ا ر ﻪ ﻣ ﻣ ﻪ ﻣ ﻣ ش ا .
و ا ا م - 9891 - أﻣ KGB ﻣ ت ﻣ ا ا ﻣ ن ت ﻣ ﻣ ت ﻣ ات ﺳ م وﺳ ا و و ﻣ ﻣ ﻣ ا ادارات وأ ر ا ور اﻻ رات اﻻ و و ﻣ ف ﺳ Measurement And Signature Intelligence
و ﺳ ﻣ ا م، أ ا ﴎي ن FBI ه ا ة ﻰ ا رة ﻣ أ ا ء ﺳ رة ة وا م 1977 ، و ا ﻻﺳ اﻣﻪ ا ا ي، و إ ف ا ا ا ا ﺳ أﻣ ه . و ﻣ ذ ﻣ ة 55.000 ًدوﻻر ا .
واﺳ إﻣ اد ﻣ KGB ﺳ ء ا ء ا ن FBI ، وا ء ا دو . وإ ا ن أ ﰱ ء و د ت ى ﻣ و FBI أن ك " ﻣ روع " Mole دا FBI ا ﻣ ت ا .
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ا ر اﻻ د ا ﻰ د 1991 ، ﻣ ا ف أﻣ ه ا وف ا ﺳ ا ة و ا« » ا ﻣ ، ر إ ف ا ﻻ ﻪ ﻣ ا ﻪ و ﻪ ا ﺳ ﺳ ة ﻣ ا ﻣ .
و أن و أن ا م ا أ أ اﻣﻪ وأ ك روﺳ اﻻ د ﻻ ﻣ اﻻ د ا ، ر ا ذ ة ر ا ﻣ ؛ ر ا ﻪ إ ا رة ا وﺳ وا و ﻣ أ ط ا ات ا GRU ا ي ﻪ اج ا رة .
ن أو ا ﻻ ﻪ ات ا و ل إ KGB ﻣ م 1985 ، وﻣ ا ط ا و ا م ا ، و ل ا ة ا ﻣ ، ا ا ي درا ﻪ . ل ا م ﻪ إ ا ا وﳻ ﺳ ﻪ ا دى ا ى ن ﻣ ﻪ اﻻ ﻻت ا ﻣ GRU و راﻣ ن رﺳ Ramon Garcia ، و ا ل
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EBSCO Publishing : eBook Collection (EBSCOhost) - printed on 10/9/2020 12:50 PM via EMIRATES CENTER FOR STRATEGIC STUDIES AND RESEARCH AN: 2325686 ; .; : Account: s6314207 ا ا اﻻﺳ . وأو أ ﻪ ت FBI و اﺳ ف ا ون ﻣ ، و م ﻪ د ﻣ ا ا .
و ا ﻣ ذ ، ا ا وﳻ أﻣ ه، وأن ا درة ﻣ ا ا ﻣ ﻰ. ور ا وس أن ن ًﻣ ، ا وزارة ا ر ا ﻣ ﻣ . و ا ت و ا إ ا ا ي م ض ﻣ ﻪ ا وس.
و ﻪ ﻣ ً ، ن ًدا ا ﻣ م و د ك ﻪ أو ت . م م 1993 ة أﻣ ا ق ا ا ص زﻣ ﻪ ﻰ راى ﻣ ك Ray Mislock ، و ﻣ ﻪ و ﴎ و م إ ﻣ ك ً : " ﻣ أ ل أن م ا آﻣ ". و ﻣ أ ا ا ا ﻣ ا اء إ رأي ن ا م آﻣ و ﻪ ا ات ا ﻣ ﻪ ﻣ ا اق زﻣ ﻪ . أﻣ ﻣ ك ن ًﻣ ن ن أن ﻣ ا ت ا ا
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و م و د ك ن ، ﻰ م 1994 أ ا FBI ا ء ﻣ ات ا دة، The National Counterintelligence Center . أ ى ًا ﻣ ًور اﻻ م ا ا و ﻣ أن ﻪ ا ز ا ر ا ب اﻻ اءات ا ، ا ّو رأ ﻪ .
و أن ا ن إ م و د ك ﻪ ا م 1999 SVR وا ، و ا ز ا ي ز KGB و أ ا ﻣ ت ا ا ا وس .
ن ص إ ا ﻪ SVR - - ن ذ ﻣ KGB و GRU - ًأ ا ﺳ ﻪ ا ، و أﻣ ﻣ ب ﻣ ا أو ا وس أن ا ؛ إذ أ ن ت ا ا وا أن ن ﻣ ﻣ ز ا وا . و ن ا اء أ ﻣ ت ﻣ ا - ﺳ ء ﻣ اج ا رة - و ن م اﺳ راﻣ ن أو راﻣ ن رﺳ اﻻ ﻻت ا .
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EBSCO Publishing : eBook Collection (EBSCOhost) - printed on 10/9/2020 12:50 PM via EMIRATES CENTER FOR STRATEGIC STUDIES AND RESEARCH AN: 2325686 ; .; : Account: s6314207 ًو ا م ا اء ﻣ ت ﴎ ، ن م م ا ا ا ﻣ ت واﺳ م ا ا .
وا ًأ اﻻ ﻻت أ ﻪ ن اﺳ ام ا ط ا ا د ا ا ، ن ا ي ر و د . ذ أن ا ا أن ا ا ي د و اﻻ ﻻت و ا أن م ؛ و ا ن رأي ا ﻣ ا ا ﻣ ره ﻣ أ ا ، و ا ا ار ار ا . و ا ي ن ض و ﻪ . و ن ﺳ اﻻ ط ا ﻣ م ا د ا ﺳ ن ا ار وا ت؛ ن ر (6 .) ذا ن ر ﻣ ع ﻣ م 6 ا ا ا ة ﻣ ء ن ﻪ 12 ا ا ﻣ ء .
و ﻪ ﻣ ذ ن أ ء أﻣ ، أ د أ ﻪ أ ﻪ أ ﻣ ﻣ ، وﻣ ة أ ى أ ﻪ ﻣ ﻣ و ﻪ .
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م 1990 ، و أن ن ﻣ زال ﻣ ﻣ GRU ، ن ط ا ﻣ FBI ن ﻣ روع Mole دا FBI و ك ط ﻣ دة أو وا ن ا ﻪ.
ه ا وف أ FBI ﻰ ﻣ رك ووك Mark Wauck - و ا زو - ﻪ أن ﻣ روع دا FBI ًاﺳ د ا إ ﻣ أ ﻪ ﻪ ﻪ ﻣ أن ث ﻣ ه ا وا ﻣ ا، ر دوﻻ ﻪ ﻣ ة ﻣ ا ل . و أو ، ا ذ أي ا اء ن واﺳ ً ا ا ك . إ .
ن ك ا اب ﻣ ا ﻣ وا ات ا ﻣ ن ا ر ً ﻣ رو CIA و FBI.
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EBSCO Publishing : eBook Collection (EBSCOhost) - printed on 10/9/2020 12:50 PM via EMIRATES CENTER FOR STRATEGIC STUDIES AND RESEARCH AN: 2325686 ; .; : Account: s6314207 و م 1994 أ ا ا ﺳ س ا روع CIA ، أو ر إ ، و اﻻ ت ا ﻣ CIA ﰱ ﻣ ﺳ و ا ا ا ورو ﰱ ا ت وأوا ا ت .
و ا ﻣ وف ﻣ ا ي ا ، أن إ ﻻ . ﻣ Block ا ﻪ ﻪ وزارة ا ر ، و ا ا ي ﻣ ﻰ ا رة ا . وا ﻣ ا ﻣ FBI و CIA ﻣ ا ﺳ س ا .
و ل م 1998 ، ا ا ك CIA ﻰ Brian Kelley و ك أد ه ا ك، ﻣ ﻪ ا زة ادار . و ﻣ إ أن أ ا .
أ ا ﻪ ً ا ﻣ ن ﻣ FBI ﻣ وا ك Michael Waguspac ب KGB ون ﻣ FBI أ ده أن ك ﻣ FBI ا ا و ﻣ ا ﻪ ف B وأن ﻪ ﻣ أ ط ا ﻰ ا ر ف Alexander Feflov . ﻣ و أ ا ا و ا ا ن ا ت ًﻣ FBI و ﻪ ا ف ﻪ . .
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أن ا ا روع و ﻪ، أت ﻣ ة ت ا وا ء ا وا وس، ور و ت ؛ أﻣ ، ار و ت . و ار ﻪ و ﻪ ا ﻪ ا وا ﻻء ا ء ا ا ء ا وا ام .
و و ا ا ، وﴎ ن ﻣ أ ﻪ ا ل SVR . و ا ق ﻪ رة و ، و ده ﻣ ت ا ت ا ﺳ ، ر ﻪ إ ا ا و ﻪ د 2000 وأﺳ وا ا ﻪ و ة ادارة ا ا .
اﺳ ا ا ة 2001 ، و ا ﻪ ًﻣ ا ﻣ ا ط ا ب ﻰ ار أو Eric O’Neil ، و ن ًﻣ ا ﻣ ر ﻣ ا ا ، واﺳ ع أو أن أن ن ﻣ ﻣ ت ﻣ ا د ص، و ا ذ اﻻ اءات ا زﻣ ﻻ اق ا اﺳ ا
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EBSCO Publishing : eBook Collection (EBSCOhost) - printed on 10/9/2020 12:50 PM via EMIRATES CENTER FOR STRATEGIC STUDIES AND RESEARCH AN: 2325686 ; .; : Account: s6314207 ا ، ًوأ ا أ ى FBI أد ووﺳ ادا ون ﻣ SVR و ء ا ﻪ .
أﻣ ﻪ، ا ﻣ ﻰ ﻪ ﻣ ات، اﺳ ﻣ ﻪ إ ا ا ة أن ك ًأﻣ ا ﻣ ﻪ، أ ا ﻣ FBI و آ ا ة ا ، ﻪ ﻪ ض ﻣ ﺳ .
و أ أن ك ة راد ا رة ﻣ دة ﻣ ، إ ﰱ ا رة و ﻪ .
و ر أ ﻪ ﻪ أن ﻣ ا ا ﺳ ﺳ ، وأن ﻪ أن ا وس ا ي ق ﻪ، رﺳ أ ﻪ ﻪ إ و ﻻ ً ً ﻣ وأ ﻪ إ ده ﻣ ل ا ت.
و ذ ، ﻪ إ اﺳ ام ﻣ Dead Drop ن Foxstone Park ب ﻣ ﻣ ﻪ ﻣ ﻻ ﻣ ا ﻪ ا وف ا ب اﺳ ﻣﻪ ﻣ ا ا و ، ن ذ 18 ا 2001 ، و ن ﻣ ا ر إ ء ا ﻪ ًﻣ ، و ﻣ أ د ا ا ﻪ و
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وا ط FBI ﻣ ا وا ﻣ إذا ن ط SVR ا ن ﺳ ﻣ ن ا ا ، و ون ﻣ ﻪ ، و وا، أ وزارة ا ل ا ﻣ ن إ ء ا ا رو ت ، وذ 20 ا 2001 .
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ﻣ أ ا 18 ا 2001 رو ت ن Foxstone Park و م ا ا ، و ﻪ ا ﻪ اﻻ م أﴎار أﻣ د ا ، روﺳ اﻻ د وذ ﻣ أ ﻣ 4. 1 ﻣ ن دوﻻر ً ا وﻣ ات وذ ﻣ ى 22 ً ﻣ ﻣ 1979 إ م 2001 .
و و ﻣ ا اﻣ ا ﻣ ﻣ ا ت ا را و زارة ا ل أن ﺳ ﺳ أ ﺳ ﺳ و ا ر أﺳ أ ر ﻣ ا ر ا ﻻ ت ا ة.
و اﺳ ع - ة ﻣ ﻣ ﻪ Plato Cacheris - أن ﻣ اﻻ ام ﻣ ل ا وض ﻣ اﻻد ء، ا ف 6 2001 ﻣ ا ا ﻻ The US District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia ﺳ ﺳ وا ﻣ اﻻ د ا روﺳ اﻻ د .
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و رو ت ، ا ا را ر 083 - 48551 ﻪ ا ادي 23 ﺳ ا م ﺳ ADX ا د ا اﺳ ب ﻣ ر وﻻ رادو Florence, Colorado .
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رو ت ؤﻻت ة ز ﻣ ﻣ ا ت ا را ﻣ رو ت . وإذا ن ًﻣ ا ا ، وا ز اﻻ رات ا و . . ا ﻣ وا وا . ﻣ ار ﺳ ات ﻣ ﻪ أ ﻪ ار أ ء ة، ء ﻣ ﻪ.
ن و ت ﺳ ت ﺳ ، ا - ون زو ﻪ - ﻣ ﻪ ﻰ ك ر ور Jack Horschawer ، و ﻣ ، أن ﻪ م ﻪ ً ﴎ ً ، ر و رس ا ا و ﻣ زو ﻪ.
و ﻣ ﻻ ، م دا ة ﻣ ﻪ ﻣ ﻣ " ا اء " ﻣ ﻪ . أ ﻪ اﻻ ، أ ء ا رد ﻣ أ ء ا ﴎة ن ً ا ﻣ ث ﻣ ﻪ ا و ً . و ﻻ إ ذ ، ن ًﻣ دا ار د أ « ّا ي » وا ، ف را
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EBSCO Publishing : eBook Collection (EBSCOhost) - printed on 10/9/2020 12:50 PM via EMIRATES CENTER FOR STRATEGIC STUDIES AND RESEARCH AN: 2325686 ; .; : Account: s6314207 ّ ي ﻰ ﺳ Priscilia Sue Galey ا ﰱ ر إ ، و ن ق ل وا ات وأ ا ﺳ رة ﻣ ﺳ س ( ﻣ ) ، و ﻪ ا ﻣ أن ا ﻣ ﻪ إ ى ا ات إ ﻣ ة ر ا ت ا را ا ﻻ ,Virginia Quantico ن ذا ً ﻣ . و ﻪ ﻪ و د ا ﻻ أن أدﻣ ا رات وا إ ا رة . و ن ذ إ ء ا ﻪ ة ة .
ﻻ ،، ،،
ًوأ ا، أ رو ت ض ﰱ م 2002 ان Master Spy: The Robert Hanssen Story . و ﺳ ُ ض ﰱ م 2007 ان « Breach ».
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ادوارد ﺳ د أ ﻣ ة ل ﰱ ا ن ا دى وا ﻰ ا ن . اه ا Whistleblower ا ا ى ً اد ن ﻣ ً ،ﻪ و ا ى ا ﻣ وأ ﻪ .
وا ا ه ً أ ﻪ ا ﻣ ا ﻰ ن ﻪ ا ظ ، و ﻰ ا ﻣ ت، و ﻪ ﴎ ون ا ل .
و ك ﻣ ه ً ﺳ ﺳ ات ا وا ات ا وﺳ و ﻻ دﻻ ذ ﻰ ا ن.
و ﰱ آ وو ﻰ ﻪ ا ا اءات ا ﺳ ﺳ ا ﻰ م و ا ﻣ ا ﻣﻰ وأ ة ﻣ ات أ ى ت ا ا ، و ﺳ ا ت ا ﻰ م ﺳ د ﰱ ا ت ل أ ا و ﰱ ا م ور ا ا ، وا ازن ﻣ ت ا ﻣ ا ﻣﻰ و ا اد وا ﻣ ت . وﻣ زال ا ا ل ً ﻰ ا ن .
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و ادوارد ز ﺳ د ﰱ 21 1983 ﰱ ﻣ ا ا ﺳ ﻰ ﻻ رث رو ﻻ ت ا ة ا ﻣ . Edward Joseph Snowden, Elizabeth City, North Carolina, U.S.A . ه ا ﻪ، ادوارد ج . ر Edward J. Barrett ن ً ﰱ س ا ا ﰱ ﻣ ا ت ا را FBI و ﻣ ً د ً .
ن وا ه ًأ ً ﰱ س ا ا ، ووا ﻪ ﻣ ﰱ ﻣ ﻣ ﻣ ، أ ﻪ ا ة Jessica ﻣ ﻣ ﰱ ا ا ﻰ ا را ﰱ ا وا The Federal Judicial Center (FJC).
ا وا ه وا ﻪ ق ﰱ م 2001 . و وج وا ه ﻣ ة أ ى . ا ﻣ أﴎ ﻪ ﰱ أوا ا ت - ن ﻻ ال ﰱ ا رﺳ - إ اﻻ ﻣ ﰱ ﻣ رت ﻣ ﻻ ﻣ Fort Meade, Maryland و ﻣ ض ا ﻰ ا د Mononucleosis ﰱ م ذ ﻪ إ ا رﺳ ة أ . .
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EBSCO Publishing : eBook Collection (EBSCOhost) - printed on 10/9/2020 12:50 PM via EMIRATES CENTER FOR STRATEGIC STUDIES AND RESEARCH AN: 2325686 ; .; : Account: s6314207 و ن ﺳ د د ا ء، و ا ل د ر ر د ل ا ﻣ ﻣ ل ﻣ ل ا ﻻ ، ﰱ م 2011 . .
ن ﻪ ا م ا ا ، ودرس ا ا ، وﻣ دئ ا ا ا ﻣ ر Mandarin ، و رب ﻣ دئ ا ع ا .
ا ﺳ د ﰱ م 2004 ات اﻻ ط، و ا ﻪ ات ا ، و ن ًﻣ ب ا ر ﰱ ب ا اق " ا ا ا ﻰ ا ر "، و ﻪ ض دث ﰱ ﺳ ﻪ أ ء ا ر و ﻪ ﰱ 28 ﺳ 2004 .
اﺳ ع ا ل و رس أﻣ ﰱ ﻣ ا ا م ت ﰱ ﻣ ﻣ ، و ﻣ أ ث ا ﻣ ا ﻣﻰ ( NSA ) . و ز ا ر ا ب ا ا ي ﻪ طو طو ا ل و سر ا . ﻣ و 6002 ض ﻪ ا ا ﻪ و ا تا ا ( CIA ). و اﻻ ء ﻣ اﻻ اءات ا زﻣ واﻻ رات وا ل ا ا ت ا ﻣ ، أ ﻪ ا اﻻ ﻻت ﰱ ا ا ﰱ ﻻ ﻻ .
ًو ا ﻪ وا ت ء ﻪ ﰱ أ ل ا ، ا ﻪ رﺳ ا ا راﺳ وا ر ، وذ
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EBSCO Publishing : eBook Collection (EBSCOhost) - printed on 10/9/2020 12:50 PM via EMIRATES CENTER FOR STRATEGIC STUDIES AND RESEARCH AN: 2325686 ; .; : Account: s6314207 ة ﺳ أ أ م ﰱ أ ا دق ا رﺳ . وﰱ م 2007 ﻪ CIA ﰱ ا د ﻣ ﳻ . و ن ﻣ وﻻ ﻣ ا ﰱ ا ا ﻣ ى ا ا ورو ﻰ ﻣ ا ة .
ا ﺳ د ﰱ ا ة ة ﰱ أﻣ ا ة و ن ا ا ﰱ ا ا ل، ا ﻣ ا ى CIA ره ا ا ﻣ ﻰ ﰱ ا ع ا ﰱ روﻣ م 2008 .
ﰱ ا 2009 م ﺳ د اﺳ ﻪ ﻣ CIA ، وا ﰱ Dell ا ﻰ ت ا ا ﻣ ا ت ا ﻣ .
و إ ده ﰱ ﻣ إ ة Yokota ا ب ﻣ م ر ر ا دة وا ط ﻣ و ت ا ﻣ ﻣ وﻻت اﻻ اق ا . ﺳ د ﰱ Dell ة أ ر ﺳ تا أ ً ا ﰱ ة ا تا ا ةد . ﰱ م 2011 د إ ﻣ ًر ا ﻰ lleD ﰱ ﻣ ب CIA . و ن ا ن ﰱ ا ع ا ﰱ CIA و ﻪ ﰱ ا ت ا ا ﻰ ا .
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ﰱ ﻣ رس 2012 ﻪ Dell إ واى ﰱ ا ا ك ﻣ و ا ﻣ ا ﻣﻰ National Security Agency (NSA) ﰱ ﻣ ا ت اﻻ ﻰ NSA’s Hawaii Regional Operations Center ﻪ ة 15 ً ا، ن ا ا و ﻣ ا و ر ا .
وﰱ ا ا ة ه ا ة اﺳ ر ً ﻣ وز أ ﻣ ن Booz Allen Hamilton ﰱ واى .
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اﺳ رأى ﺳ د ورة و ﻣ م ﻪ و ا ﻣ ا ﻣﻰ و أ ة ا ات ا ى ا ﻰ ا اد وا ت و . و إ أ ﻪ ﻰ م ﰱ إ ﻣ ﻪ م ا . وأﺳ ا ا ى أ اه ا ر ﰱ ﻣ ل ا م ا اﺳ را اس Laura Poitras ، وﻣ ﻰ ﰱ ا رد ن ا اﺳ ﻪ و Glenn Greenwald ﰱ ا از .
را أو ( ﻻورا ) اس ﰱ ا ا ت ﻣ ا ، ﰱ . ﻣ ا ﻣ أﴎ ﰱ ﺳ Boston ﻻ ت ا ة . وا ، James ، ن ﻣ ت ، ﰱ م 2006 ع وزو ﻪ Pat 20 ﻣ ن دوﻻر ﻻ ء ﻣ ا س ث ا ﻻت ا . ﰱ ﻣ ﻣ ن ا ﻣ ﺳ ﺳ ، أ ﻰ ر ﻣ ﻰ ا ق ﰱ ا ا ﰱ ق
The Poitras Center For Affective Disorders Research At The Mcgovern Institute Of Brain Research, Part Of The Massachusetts Institute Of Technology (Mit)
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EBSCO Publishing : eBook Collection (EBSCOhost) - printed on 10/9/2020 12:50 PM via EMIRATES CENTER FOR STRATEGIC STUDIES AND RESEARCH AN: 2325686 ; .; : Account: s6314207 و أن درﺳ ا م ﰱ ا د ا ن ن ا ، ا ا ﺳ واﻻ ﰱ New School ﰱ رك، رت أن ﰱ ا م وأن ن ﻣ اﺳ ة . و ا دو أ م و أ اﻻ ل ا ﻣ ﻰ اق، و ا ﻣ .
اس ﰱ أ أ م 2013 و ﻰ ﰱ ، رﺳ ا و ﻣ ﻣ ل ﻣ ﻣ ح ة اﺳ اﺳ ﻣ رة َﻣ ﻣ . ًو ا ا ا ت ﰱ أن ﻪ، و رأت أن ك ا ب ﻣ ار ً ، دت ﻪ ﺳ ﰱ ا ﻣ .
ن ا اﺳ ا ل رك أ ا ل ً ر ا، وأن أن ، رﺳ رﺳ ذ أ ﻪ ﰱ ز ﻣ ات و ا ﰱ اﻻ ل، وأ أ و ا ا ﻣ ﻪ.
َو د ﻪ . أرﺳ ﻣ أ ﻪ ﻣ ا ار ا ﳻ ا ﻣ ﻰ ر 20 ب ا ة ا ى أ ره ا أو ﻣ ﰱ أ 2012 . و و أن ا ا ﻣ إ ﻣ ، و ﻣ ددة . رت أن د ﻪ ﻪ و أن ذ
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و أت اس ﰱ ﻣ ، م اﻻ ﻻت ا ﻣ ﻣ ، وا ت ز ً ا، ﻰ ﻻ ف ﻣ اﻻ ن إذا اﺳ ﻣ ﰱ ا اء، و أت ﰱ اﺳ اﻣﻪ ﻣ ا ﻣ ا ﻣ . وا أن ﰱ ﰱ .
و ن ﺳ د أرﺳ رﺳ ا و إ و ﻣ ﻪ أن اﺳ رة آﻣ وﻣ ة ﻣ ل ا اﻻ و . . و و د ﻪ . و رت ا و ون اﺳ إ أ ن ﻰ و ﻣ ﻣ اس أ ﻪ ا ﻣ رة .
و ﻣ وﺳ ا ل ﻣ ﻪ، وأرﺳ ﻪ ا اﺳ ا ل و ﴎ ﻣ و ا ﻣ ا ﻣﻰ NSA ﻣ أ ﻪ اﺳ PRISM و ص ا ﻣ ت أ ت ا ﰱ ا .
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EBSCO Publishing : eBook Collection (EBSCOhost) - printed on 10/9/2020 12:50 PM via EMIRATES CENTER FOR STRATEGIC STUDIES AND RESEARCH AN: 2325686 ; .; : Account: s6314207 و أت ا ت واﻻ اءات ا رع، و إ رك رؤﺳ ء ا ﰱ ا رد ن اﻻ و ن ذ ﰱ 31 ﻣ ، و ﻣ اس ﺳ ا إ ﰱ أول وا ﻣ Ewen MacAskill ﻣ ﺳ ا ا .
أ م ﺳ د ﰱ ق ﻣ ا ﰱ ا ر 330 ًدوﻻرا ﰱ ا ، و ﰱ ن رو د Nathan Road و عر ﻣ د ﰱ ﻣ Kowloon ﰱ .
أى ﻣ اس و و ف ﺳ د . و ن ﻣ زال و ﻣ و ى أ ﻪ ب.
ا ﺳ د ﻣ أن إ ا ور ا ﻣ ا ق و ﻻ ت ﻣ ع ﻣ ن ا وﺳ ﰱ ه ا و م ﻪ ا . و ذ . و م ﻣ اس و و ن ﻣ ر ﰱ ا ت ﻣ ا ًﻣ ﻣ ً ً ﻣ ﰱ ز ﻣ ات، و و ا أﻣ ﻣ ً ﻣ ا 29 ً ﻣ . و ن ﰱ ه ا ا ت ا ا وف ﺳ Rubik’s Cube .
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EBSCO Publishing : eBook Collection (EBSCOhost) - printed on 10/9/2020 12:50 PM via EMIRATES CENTER FOR STRATEGIC STUDIES AND RESEARCH AN: 2325686 ; .; : Account: s6314207 و ﺳ ﻣ ا َ و رأ ﻪ و ق ﺳ د . ا و ن ا م ﰱ ﻪ ق . و ﻣ ﺳ د أﻣ ة . أر ات، ب، و ا ا ، وﻣ ا ان . و ن ﻣ ر ﻣ ن ا ﻣ ﻪ، وا ف ت ا ت اﻻ ا ﻰ ، َ ﻣ ن اﻻ ﻣ ا .
أﻣ ﺳ د اس و و إ ر ا ﻣ ا ﻣ اﻻ ﻻت ا ون VERIZON ت ا ﻻت ا ا ا ﻣ .
و رت ﻪ اس ً ﻣ ﻪ 12 د و ، ﻪ ﺳ د ﻪ وذ أ ﻪ ﻪ إ ء ﻪ ﻪ ف أ ﻪ ﻻ ً . وأ اس ا ان Citizenfour . و ا ر أن ﺳ د َﴎب و د 50.000 و ، و ر أ ى أن د إ 1.700.000 و . و ر اس أن ً دا ًﻣ دا .
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ّ ر ا و ن اﻻﺳ ا ن د ا ت ا ا ات اﻻﺳ ا وا ﻰ ﴎ ﺳ د ﻣ 15000 ًﻣ .
ّو ر ا ن ا ت ا ات ا ﻻ 85.000 ًﻣ .
ّو ر ا ا ر Keith Alexander ﻣ و ا ﻣ ا ﻣﻰ ( NSA ) ا ا ﺳ د د اوح 50.000 و 200.000 و ، وﻻ وﺳ د ا د ً ا، وأ دت ﻣ در ﰱ وزارة ا ع ا ﻣ ن ا د اﻻ إ 1.700.000 و .
وﰱ ﻣ ات ا ع Defense Intelligence Agency ﰱ 2015 ورد أن ﺳ د ﻣ وزارة ا ع 900.000 ًﻣ و ق ا د ا ى ﻪ ﻣ و ا ﻣ ا ﻣﻰ .
ﰱ ا 2015 ح ا دﻣ ال ى ﻣ رو ز US Navy Admiral Michael S. Rogers أن ا ت ن ﺳ ﻰ
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وﰱ 2015 ذ ت اى ا ، أن ا ات ا وﺳ وا ات ا اﺳ ﻣ ة أ ﻣ ﻣ ن ﻣ ﴎى ﻣ ﴎ ﻪ ﺳ د ا ﻣ ا ى أ ا ات ا ر ا M I6 ا ا ﰱ ا ول وا ف ط د ﻣ و ا ا .
و ﻣ ا ت أن ت ا ى ون أ ة ﻣ ات ﻣ ا ﻻ ت ا ة ( NSA ) واﺳ ا ( ASD ) وا ا ة ( GCHQ ) و ا ( CSEC ).
ا رد ن أت ا ﰱ 2013 و ت وا ﺳ ﻣ ا PRISM ﻣ ل اس ا ﻰ ﻣ اﺳ ة ﺳ ا إ Barton Gellman ا ﻰ ا ﺳ . ا ت ا ﰱ أ ء ا وﻣ د ا و رك ا ﻣ .
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EBSCO Publishing : eBook Collection (EBSCOhost) - printed on 10/9/2020 12:50 PM via EMIRATES CENTER FOR STRATEGIC STUDIES AND RESEARCH AN: 2325686 ; .; : Account: s6314207 وﰱ ا 2014 ا ن ,Glenn Greenwald Laura Poitras, Barton Gellman و Ewen MacAskill ً ر ة George Polk Award م 2013 ، و و أ وا ا ة إ ﺳ د .
و ا رد ن وا ا ﺳ ة ر ﻣ ا ﻣ Pulitzer Prize for Public Service أ ل ا ا ﻰ م ا ﻣ ت و ش م ل ذ ا ﻣ .
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ﰱ 20 ﻣ 2013 ﺳ ﺳ د ﻣ واى إ . . و ﻪ ورا اس و و ﰱ أول و ء ا ﰱ ا رد ن ﰱ 5 ، و وزارة ا ل ا ﻣ ﰱ 21 2013 اﻻ م د ﺳ ﺳ ، ﻣ وزارة ا ر ا ﻣ ء از ﺳ ه .
ﰱ 23 2013 ﺳ ﺳ د ﻣ إ ﻣ ﺳ . . و و ﻪ ﻣ ر ا و Sheremetyevo Airport ا ا ت ا وﺳ أن از ﺳ ﺳ د ﻣ ﻰ و ً ﰱ ا ر ﻣ .
ذ ت ا در أ ﻪ ك ت ﻪ ا ء ا ﳻ ﰱ ا ادور . و ن ﻣ ا ر أن د ر ﻣ ﺳ إ وﻣ إ ا ادور.
وﰱ آ ت ا ا وﳻ د ذ أن ﺳ د ﰱ ﻣ د ﻣ ﺳ روس . و دد أن ا ﻻ ت ا ة ﰱ ء ﺳ د ﰱ ﻣ ﺳ ﻰ
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و ﻣ ا ﻣ ر ا ﻰ ﻣ زا ﻣ ﻣ ذ ﻪ ا ر ا ﻣ أن روﺳ وا . ﴎ و ﴎ ﻣ ﺳ د ، أم ا ى ﺳ ا ا ﻣ ت ا ﰱ ﻣ أن ﻰ ً ا ﰱ ، وﰱ ﻣ ﺳ ؟ و ﻣ ﻪ روﺳ ء ﻣ ة م.
ك أر دول ﻣ ﺳ د ا ء ا ﳻ، و ﻰ ا ادور، را ا، و و . و ك ر ت ﻣ ة ﻣ ﻣ ﺳ ى ﻣ را ا أو و أو ، وﰱ ا ال ا ﻻ ت ا ة رس ا أى دو ﺳ ﻪ إ ا ت ا ﻣ .
وﰱ ه ا ة ن ر إ ﻣ را Evo Marales رك ﰱ ﻣ ﰱ روﺳ و ح ن روﺳ ا م Russia Today ﻪ رس ﻣ ﺳ د ا ء ا .
وﰱ ا م ا ، وأ ء ة ا ا ﻰ ً ا ﻣ ﻣ ﺳ ق أ اء وا واﺳ ر ه ا ول ﻣ ا ة ا ور ا ر إ ا ﰱ ﻣ ر .
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EBSCO Publishing : eBook Collection (EBSCOhost) - printed on 10/9/2020 12:50 PM via EMIRATES CENTER FOR STRATEGIC STUDIES AND RESEARCH AN: 2325686 ; .; : Account: s6314207 و أن ا ﻻ ت ا ة ن ك ﰱ أن ﺳ د ﰱ ة ا ا ﻰ و ا غ ن ً ، و َ ا ﻣ را اﺳ ﻪ ﻣ ا ط ا ﻰ ﻣ رﺳ ا ﻻ ت ا ة وا أن إ ر ﻪ ا ط ا ك ن ا و .
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م ﺳ د ت ا ء ﻻ ى و دو . و ا ﻻ ت ا ة ﻣ ﻪ . وﻣ ذ ا ل ا ن Joe Biden ا ادور Rafael Correa ﻪ ﻣ م ﻣ ﺳ د ا ء . و ا ادور ﻣ ﺳ د و ﺳ ﻣ ، و ﺳ ﻣ ﻪ .
م دول أ ى ا ء، و ﻪ ر اﻻ ح أﺳ ء ه ا ول ﻰ ا ﻻ ت ا ة . . وﻣ ا ول ا ﻰ أ ر ﻣ ﺳ د ا ء، ، ا، ا از ، أ ، ا ، ا ، ا ادور، ا، ا و ، ا ، ا واﺳ .
وذ ت ر أن ا ﻻ ت ا ة دت أ ا ر ﰱ ﻣ ﻣ ت ا ات إذا وا أ ﺳ ﺳ د ا أو ﻣ ﻪ ا ء.
وﰱ 12 م ﺳ د ا ء ا ﰱ روﺳ إ أن ﻣ ﻪ . وﰱ 16 ح ا ث ﺳ ا ة
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و ﻣ ذ س ا ﻻ ت ا ة ﻣ اﺳ دة ﺳ د ، ﻰ 23 ا ﻰ ا م ا ﻣ ﻰ إ ر Eric Holder إ وز ا ل ا وﳻ ا ا ر ف Alexander Konovalov ﺳ ﻪ أن ا ﻣ ا ﻣ ﺳ ﺳ د از ﺳ وا ة ﻣ ﻣ ﺳ إ وا ، وأ ﻪ أ ﻪ ض ى ع ﻣ أ اع ا أو ا ام. وﰱ ا م، ح ا ث ﺳ ا ا وﳻ ﻣ ً ا أن روﺳ ﺳ د ، وأن ا ا وﳻ ً ً ﰱ ا ع، وأن ا ﻣ ا ﻣ ﻪ ﻣ ل ا ﻻت FBI وا ز ا ﻪ ﰱ روﺳ اﻻ د ( FSB ).
و ﻣ ﺳ د إ ﻣ ة أ ام، ا ء ا ء ا . و ا ا د ك دا روﺳ ، وأن رج ة ﻻ أ . . و ا أ ﻪ ﻣ ﺳ د ا ء ا ﳻ ا ا .
و ﻣ اﻻ ﻣ إ م 2020 . و أ ﺳ د ﰱ ا ا وﺳ . و ر ﰱ أﻣ اﺳ اﻣ ت ا .
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EBSCO Publishing : eBook Collection (EBSCOhost) - printed on 10/9/2020 12:50 PM via EMIRATES CENTER FOR STRATEGIC STUDIES AND RESEARCH AN: 2325686 ; .; : Account: s6314207 و ن ﰱ أوا م 2016 اً أ ر ً ﻣ ﻰ ﻣ ﺳ ا Freedom Of The Press Foundation و ﻰ ﻣ ف إ ا ﻣ ﻣ ا و ت ا ﻣ . و ا ر أن ﺳ د ا راً ﻣ م 2017 ﰱ ﻣ ن ﻣ م وا ﻰ أﻣ ، وﻣ زال ﻰ ل ء ﺳ ﳻ دا ﰱ دو أ ى.
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اﻟﺠﺎﺳﻮﺳﻴﺔ اﻟﺼﻴﻨﻴﺔ وأﺟﻬﺰة اﻟﻤﺨﺎﺑﺮات اﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ
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EBSCO Publishing : eBook Collection (EBSCOhost) - printed on 10/9/2020 12:50 PM via EMIRATES CENTER FOR STRATEGIC STUDIES AND RESEARCH AN: 2325686 ; .; : Account: s6314207 ز ا ات ا ر ا Ministry Of State (Security Operations (MSSO أ أ أ ة ا ات ا ا ﺳ د ﻣ ا ﻣ ا ﻣ و ﻣ ل ا ا . اﺳ ع ا ا ز أن ء ن ا ، واﺳ ع ًأ ﻣ ل ﻪ و ﻪ أن ا اﺳ ا ن ا أ ة ا ات ا ﻣ و و ا ات ا CIA . و ا ر أ ﻪ ا ام د واح 18 إ 20 ً ا ن ا ﻻ ت ا ة ا ﻣ ا ى أ ب ﺳ ﺳ CIA ا ر ا .
وإذا أرد اﻻ رة ا ا إ ﺳ رات ا ر، أ ﻪ م 2010 أت أ ة ا ات ا ﻣ ء ﻣ أن ﻪ ف ﺳ ا ﻣ ت ا ا ي ن ﻣ ا ، ﻣ ﻣ ا ة ا ﻣ .
و ا م ا ، 2011 ، أت ا در ا ا ﻣ ا ﻣ ا اﻻ ء، ًوا ا ا . و ًﻣ و ا ذ ً ا، ذ إ أن ا ة ا اﺳ ا اق وﺳ اﻻ ﻻت ا CIA ﻣ ا ، أم أن ك
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و م 2012 أت CIA ﻣ FBI ا اء ﻣ ك ل إ ا ﻣ أ ﻪ « ر ﻣ ا ». ووا ا ات ا ر ا ا ﻻ ت ا ة ور ت ا ا وا ت ا ر ا ﻣ ، و أ ة ﻣ ا ﺳ ﺳ ا ﻻ ت ا ة اﺳ ط وو ا اﻻ م ﻣ ﻣ ت وو ﴎ ﻣ ت أﻣ ، وذ ﻣ 2014.
و ا م ا أ ة ا ات ا دة ا ﻣ ا ﺳ ﺳ ا وا ﻣ ، إ ا ا ي ﻣ ة ﻣ ﻣ ت اﺳ أ ن ا . وا ت ﻣ CIA ا م ( 2015 ) إ ﺳ ﻣ ا رة ا ﻣ وﺳ ك ا اق أ ة ا واﻻ ﻻت ا .
و ﻣ 2017 ح أر ط ﺳ CIA رك أن ا ً ا ن CIA ا أ ﻰ ا وأ ﻣ ا ا ة ﻣ 2010 و 2012.
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و 2018 أ ا CIA ﺳ ﻰ ى ن Jerry Chun Shing Lee ا ﺳ ﺳ ا . و ا ﻣ أن ا ﻰ ل ﻣ ﻣ ت ﴎ و و ر إﻻ أ ﻪ ﻣ ً ﰱ ﻣ ة ت ا ﻣ أن اﻻ اءات ا ﻣ ه ا ل.
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م أ ة ا ات ا - ﻣ ﻣ أ ة ا ات ا ى - ً دا ﻣ ا ﺳ ا ا ل ﻣ ﻣ ت ا ات. وﻣ أ ﻣ در ا ﻣ ت - ﺳ أن أ - - ا در ا أو ا Open Sources وﻣ أ أﻣ ا ت، ﻣ وﻣ ا ا ، ا ا ت ا رة.
و ﻻ إ ذ ا ات ا أﺳ ً ًﻣ اﻻﺳ دة ﻣ ا و ا ح ا و م ﻣ ا ﻣ ﺳ ﻣ را ا وا ول ا ا .
اﺳ اب ا ا ا ا ﻣ ا رج وا ا ر ن اﻣ دل ا رات، أو ت ر ، أو اﻣ ون .
و ﻣ ﻪ اﻻ م ًدا إ اﻣ وا ت ا ا ا ت ا وﻣ ا ت ا ا ﻣ ا ل إ ا ا ﻣ . و
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EBSCO Publishing : eBook Collection (EBSCOhost) - printed on 10/9/2020 12:50 PM via EMIRATES CENTER FOR STRATEGIC STUDIES AND RESEARCH AN: 2325686 ; .; : Account: s6314207 ا ا ري ﰱ ا ﻣ ي ا ت ا و ا ﻣ ا ﻣ ا ، ا ا ﻣ ت ا ا ء ﻣ وط اﺳ ار ﰱ ا .
و دة اء ا ات ذات ا ا اﺳ ء ن ﻣ ت و ت ا ت أﻣ ﻣ .
و أن ه ا ات ﻣ أ ة ا ، وﻣ ات اﻻ ﻻت وا وا ا و أن ن اﺳ اﻣ ت إ اﻻﺳ اﻣ ت ا ﺳ اء ﻣ ة أو اء ا ت.
و ا ﻣ ل ا ﺳ ﺳ ا أ ا ﻣ ا ﻰ ا ﻣ ، ﺳ ا ل ا ة أ 2002 و 2003 أ ا ر ل أ ل . اﺳ ع ا و ن ا ﻣ ن ﻣ ر ﻣ ع ﻣ أ ة ا ذات ا ا و م ا و ت ا ﻣ ا ﻣ ا ﺳ ا و ﻣ ﻣ ﺳ ا ﻣﻰ Sandia National Laboratories.
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م 1999 أ رت ا ا ﻣ ا ﻣ ا ﻣ ً ا ف ﺳ « » Cox Report رت ﻪ ﻣ أ ا ﺳ ﺳ ا ا ﻻ ت ا ة، وأ رت إ أن ا ا ﺳ ﴎ ﻣ ﻣ ت ﴎ ا ؤوس ا ا وﻣ و ا ﺳ ا ﻣ ار ا ا ة رات.
و اﺳ ا ات ا ه ا ﻣ ت ﻣ ل أ ا ﺳ ﺳ ، واﻻ ارات ا د وا ا ﻣ ، واﻻ ﻻت وا ءات ﻣ ا ء ا ﻣ .
ًو ر أ ة ا ات ا ﻣ ن ا ات ا ا ﻣ ت ا ا ﺳ ا و ﻣ ﻣ ا ث ا ﻣ وأ س آﻻﻣ س Los Alamos و ر ﻣ ر Lawrence Livermore وﺳ Sandia وأوك ر ج .Oak Ridge
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EBSCO Publishing : eBook Collection (EBSCOhost) - printed on 10/9/2020 12:50 PM via EMIRATES CENTER FOR STRATEGIC STUDIES AND RESEARCH AN: 2325686 ; .; : Account: s6314207 و اﺳ ا ات ا ﴎ ﻣ ﻣ ت ﴎ ا ار ا ا ة رات W-56 Minuteman II (ICBM) وا ار ا ا ة ا ى W-70 Lance SRBM) Short-Range Ballistic Missile) وا ار ا ا ﻣ ا ا ت ، ، W-76 Submarine - launched ballistic missile (SLBM) W-78 Minuteman III Mark 12 A (ICBM) وا روخ ا ا رات ، ، W-87 Peacekeeper (ICBM) وا روخ (W-88 Trident D-5 (SLBM
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اﻣ ط ا ات ا إ ا اق ت ا ﻣ ت ا و ﻣ ا ا ث وا ت ا ﻣ ا ﻣ وا ﻣ ﻻت ا ل وا وا ع.
و ا ل ﻣ ة ً ، و ر أ أو ا ات اﺳ ف ط ا ا ﻣ اﻣ ه ا ا أو ا ت وا ف ا اءا ا ﻣ وﻣ و إ د أو ﻣ ا ات ا ﻣ ا اق ﻣ ﻪ، ذ ارﺳ ل ا و ﻰ E-Mail وﻣ ﻪ ﻣ ، و ﻣ ا ﺳ ا ﻪ ا ﺳ اﻻ و - ا دة ن ﻣ ر ًﻣ ﺳ ا ﻪ - و ا ، أن اﻻ اق ، أن ا وا ا ﻣ ً ﻣ ًﻣ رو ﻪ ن ﻣ ا وﻣ و ن زر ا ﺳ ا ﻪ، و م ا ﻣ رﺳ ل ا ت إ و ﻣ دة ًﻣ ﻣ ا اﺳ .
وﻣ ا ﻣ ا ة ا ا ل ا ا ي أ ر ﻪ « Google » وذ ت ﻪ أن ً ﻣ ا ﻣ ره ا اﺳ ف ا ا ﺳ ﺳ و ﻪ ﴎ ﻣ ﻣ ت أﻣ
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و ط ا ا ا ل ا م 34 أ ى ا ، ﻣ : Yahoo, Symantec, Adobe, Dow Chemical Northrop Grumman, ًوا ﻻ ا ا ط ذ ت McAfee ا أﻣ ا أن ا م ط ﻣ ب ا ة ﻣ ت ا ة أ اف ا ﻻ ت ا ة وأ وا . و ا ًدا ﻣ ا ا ﻣ .
و ا م ا ي ﻪ ا ا ( 2007 ) ذ ل ﺳ اﺳ ن Paul Strasmann ا ا ﻣ أﻣ ا ﻣ ت أن د 735.598 ز ا ﻻ ت ا ة ﻣ و ﻣ ا ات ا ، وأ رت ا ر أن ا ة اﺳ GhostNet م ا ت ﻣ ا ، اﺳ ا ل و ﴎ ﻣ و ر 103 دو ، و ا ﻣ ا ه ا ت.
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EBSCO Publishing : eBook Collection (EBSCOhost) - printed on 10/9/2020 12:50 PM via EMIRATES CENTER FOR STRATEGIC STUDIES AND RESEARCH AN: 2325686 ; .; : Account: s6314207 و د 2009 و 2010 ا ﻣ ا م ي ف ﺳ أورورا Operation Aurora ّﻣ ﻪ و أ ى، و و McAfee أن ا ا م ا ً ﻣ ا ذ ا .
و ﻣ 2014 أدا ا ا را ا ا ﻣ ط ر ب ا ﻣ ل ا ة وﴎ ﻣ ﻣ ت ﴎ ذات ر . و اﻻ م أ ا ا أ ة ﺳ ت أﻣ ﻣ ﻣ ت ﴎ ت ﻣ .
و ا ﻣ ا ن ه اﻻ ﻣ ت ﻣ وأن ﻣ ا ار ا و .
و 2017 ا وزارة ا ل ا ﻣ ﻣ ﻣ ا ﻣ ت Guangzhou Bo Yu Information Technology Company Limited اق ت أﻣ دا ا ﻻ ت ا ة ﻣ ,Moodys Analytics . Siemens AG, Trimble Inc
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EBSCO Publishing : eBook Collection (EBSCOhost) - printed on 10/9/2020 12:50 PM via EMIRATES CENTER FOR STRATEGIC STUDIES AND RESEARCH AN: 2325686 ; .; : Account: s6314207 و ﻪ اﻻ م ًأ إ ا ا ﻰ PLA) The) People's Liberation Army ﺳ ﺳ اﻻ د ﻣ ل ﴎ أ ل ر و ت Westinghouse Electric و US Steel Corporation . و اﺳ ا ات ا ا اق أ ة ت أﻣ ، و م ؤ ﻣ ﻣ ت م ار ت Patriot Missile System وا ة ا F-35 Joint Strike Fighter وا ا ا ة Littoral وذ ا ر ا ا .
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ا ات ا ا ة ﻣ 2010 إ 2012 ﻣ ا ء ن CIA دا ا ، د ﻣ 18 إ 20 ً و ا ام د ﻣ . و ا ا ﻣ إ اث ﻣ اﻻ اب دا ﻣ ا ات ا ﻣ أدى إ ﻣ ك CIA و FBI أ ﻪ اﻻﺳ ا دى Honey Bear ﺳ ه ا ت ا ا CIA ا .
و ت اﻻ ﻻت أﻣ ر؛ إﻣ و د ﻣ روع Mole دا CIA ا ات ا ﻣ ت ا ا ء ا ن دا ا ، أو أن ك أ ء أﻣ ﻻء ا ء ًﻣ ا أدى إ CIA ا ، واﻻ ل ا أن ن ا ات ا ا اق اﻻ ﻻت ا اﻻ و ﻣ أدى إ ا ة اﻻ ﻻت ﻣ ا دة وا ان. و ن ﻣ رك ن Mark Kelton ، ﻣ ا ا ي ا ات ا دة ذ ا ، أول ﻣ أن ن ا و د ﻣ روع دا CIA . .
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ﻗﻀﻴﺔ ﺟﲑى ﺗﺸﻮ ﺷﻴﻨﺞ ﻟﻲ Jerry Chun Shing Lee
ﺳ CIA . ف أ ً ﺳ Zhen CIA . Cheng Li ا ة ﻣ 1982 إ 1986 . رب و CIA ت اﻻ ﻻت ا و ا ا ت و ا ء و ، و ذ ﻣ ا ﻣ ﻣ ا ء ً وﻣ ً ًوأﻣ . و ﻪ أﻣ ع ﻣ ت ذات در ﴎ ، ا ا ات واﻻ ت ا رة و ا ح إﻻ ﻪ أﻣ ﻰ ، و ة ﻣ ا ت ﻣ ا ا .
ك « » ا CIA م 2007 و ﺳ ن و إ ﻣ ﻣ اﻻﺳ ار ﻪ، و ر أن ﻪ ا .
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EBSCO Publishing : eBook Collection (EBSCOhost) - printed on 10/9/2020 12:50 PM via EMIRATES CENTER FOR STRATEGIC STUDIES AND RESEARCH AN: 2325686 ; .; : Account: s6314207 أ م ﻣ أﴎ ﻪ و ا ى ت ا ادات. و م 2012 د إ ا ﻻ ت ا ة ﻣ أﴎ ﻪ، وأ ء ا ﻣ ﻪ ﰱ واي ﰱ أ ا دق، م ط FBI ﻪ و ﻪ، وو وا ﻣ ب ﻣ ت ا ﻣ ﻣ ت ﴎ أﻣ ﻣ ت ط CIA و ء، وا ﺳ ء ا ء وأر م ، و اﺳ ا ﻪ اﺳ ط FBI ، وﺳ ﻪ درة إ .
ا ة ا ﻣ ن ء CIA ا ن ا ا ا ، وو د ﻣ وا ء ا وا ام د ﻣ إ 18 - 20 ً ، و ﻣ ا ا ﻣ ا ي أدى إ ا ر ا ا .
و ن ك اﺳ اب ﻣ زﻣ ء ﺳ ﻪ ا ا ي د ه إ ا دة ﻻ ت ا ة ﻣ ، و ﻣ ا ح ﻪ اﺳ ا ﻪ ﻣ ط FBI . وذ أ ﻪ ا ﻪ ﻪ إذا د ﻻ ت ا ة ا ﻣ ﻪ ﻣ ة أ ى ﻣ ، و أﻣ ﻣ رف ﻪ CIA ﻣ ا ط ا إذا ك إ ا ت ﻣ .
و 17 2018 أ ا « » ﻣ ر رك ا و JFK ا ل ﻣ ﻣ ت ﴎ ع
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EBSCO Publishing : eBook Collection (EBSCOhost) - printed on 10/9/2020 12:50 PM via EMIRATES CENTER FOR STRATEGIC STUDIES AND RESEARCH AN: 2325686 ; .; : Account: s6314207 ا ﻰ رة . و أ اﻻ م ا ﻪ ﻪ ﻣ Dana J Boente ا ل ا ا م ﻣ ا ﻣ ، وا ا ا ة ا وﻻ ، و Andrew W. Vale ﻣ ا ا ول ﻣ FBI ا ا وا ا . وا أن ا ﺳ ﺳ د اﻻ م، و ا ر إ أن اﻻدارة ا ﻣ ﻻ اﻻ ح ا ﻣ ﻣ ت ﴎ ، و ا ط FBI ا د وا ﻪ اﻻ م ا ﻪ ﺳ ﺳ ا ات ا ، ا ﻣ ا ي ﻪ ﻣ ﻣ ﻪ ادوارد ﻣ ن Edward MacMahon.
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2017 أ ا ﻣ ري ا م ل ﺳ ﺳ ﻣ ا . و ن ات ا ﻻت ﻣ ا ا ط ا ات ا ا ا ون ﺳ ا أ د ي م اﻻ .Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences
ج ﻣ ري ﻣ ﻣ Brigham Young م 1981 ، و ن رج Leesburg ﻻ . وﺳ ﻪ ا ﻣ ا ا ﻣ ، و ا ﻣ ا ﻣ Diplomatic Security Service ا ة ﻣ 1987 إ 1990 ، و ت CIA ﻣ 1990 إ 1996 ، و ة ا ا ﻣ ان. و ن ﻪ ا ل ر ن و ﴎ .
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28 ﻣ رس 2017 أ ﻰ ط FBI ا ﻣ ة وزارة ا ر ا ﻣ اﺳ أن ا ﻻ ا ﻣ ط ا ات ا ا أ ا ات ﻻف ا وﻻرات وا ا ا ، ﻣ ا 60 ً ﻣ ﻣ أ ا . و ط FBI أ ﻣ ﻣ ت ن ﻣ ن و ر ا اب ا ات ا ﻣ و ، و أ روا أ ة ا و ي. و ن أﻣ ﻻ ع ا ﻣ ت ا .
و ورد اﻻ م ا ﻪ ا وا ي أ ﻪ ا ل ﻣ ا ا م ﻣ ري ﻣ رد Mary MaCord ، أن رن اﺳ و وا ا ﻣ ا ع ا ﻣ ت ا ﻣ ﺳ ا ﺳ أ ل ﻣ .
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ﻣ ﻣ ا ا ، ف أ ﺳ ي ن Joey Chun . ا ا ﻣ . ن اﻻدارة ا ا ت ا را FBI ﻣ م 1977.
2017 أ ﻣ رارا Preet Bharara ا ا ﻣ ا ة ا رك، وﻣ ري ب. ﻣ رد .Mary B McCord ا ل ﻣ ا ا م ﻣ ا ﻣ ، وو م ف. ﺳ ا William F. Sweeney Jr . ﻣ ا ا ول ﻣ FBI ا ا ﻰ رك أن ن ن ن أ ا ﻪ و ﻪ 24 ً ا و اﻣ 10.000 دوﻻر ا ا ﻪ ا ول ﻣ أ 2016 ر ا ا .
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ﻣ م ا ا ﻣ . ﻣ د ا ت ا و ﻣ ا ت. ا ل ﻪ ا ط ﻣ ا ا ا و ة ا ب ﺳ .
ف ﻪ ﻣ ا ﻪ وا ي ﻪ أ ﻪ ا ﻣ ت ا ﰱ إ ر ا ء ا ﻰ ﻣ ﻣ . و ن دا ا دد دي ﻣ ا ج. د ت FBI ﻣ أ ﻰ ﻰ Katherin Wu واد ﻪ أ ﻣ رﺳ و وف زوا و ن ﻪ ﻣ ول إ ر ﻣ ت ا ﻣ وا ا . و ر ا ء ا ﻪ ﰱ ﺳ 2015 ﻣ ر . و ا ف ﰱ ﻣ 2017 ﻻ م ا ى و ﻪ ا ﻪ و اﺳ ءة اﺳ ام ﻣ ﻣ ت ﴎ ﻣ و إ ر ا ء ﻪ ﻣ ﻣ ﻣ ت.
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ﻣ ﻣ ا ا ، ا ا ﻣ و ﻪ إ ﻣ د و Delaware ﻻ ت ا ة و ا . ن ًﻣ ﺳ ا ا و و ًﻣ را China General Nuclear (Power Company (CGNPC و ﻣ و ا ت ا و و و ا ل. و ن ا د و اﺳ Energy Technology .International (ETI)
و أ 2016 ، ﻣ ن ﻣ ا 66 ً ﻣ ، ر ه اﻻ م ﻣ ا ا را ا ﻣ وا ر ا ج و ﻣ اد و ، رج ا ﻻ ت ا ة ون ﻣ وزارة ا ا ﻣ (US Department of Energy (DOE و ا ف .
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ﻣ 2015 ، و وزارة ا ل ا ﻣ اﻻ م و ر Xi ا ﺳ ذ ﻣ Temple University ﻣ اد ا أﻣ ﻣ رة داة م أ ث ﻻ ج ﱢﻣ ارة . و أ ا ﻪ ﻣ ﻪ اﺳ ط FBI ، و اﻻ م ا ي و ﻪ ا ﻪ إ ا ة 80 ً ﻣ أ و اﻣ ﻣ ن دوﻻر. و ﺳ ﻣ ا م 2015 أﺳ وزارة ا ل اﻻ ﻣ ت ا و ر Xi أن م ء ر ﻣ ا ز ا ى رك Xi ا ا ﻪ، ﻣ أن ﻣ ﻣﻪ ﻣ ﻣ ﻣ ت ء ا ﻻ ﻣ ﻣ ت ﴎ أو ﻣ رة، و أي ز ا ص ا ارة. و أو ﻣ م ا و ر Xi ، زا ج Peter Zeidenberg أن ﻣ و ا ﻣ وا ﻣ ا اء ا ﻣ ت ا ا ا وا أ در ﴎ ، ﻪ اﻻ م وا ء ا ﻪ. وأ أن ﻣ ث ن ا ر ا ون ا د ا .
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أ ﻰ ط FBI ﻣ 2006 ا Moo Ko-Suen ا وف ﺳ Bill ا ﺳ ﺳ ا ات ا . و ا ف ﻪ ول اء ﻣ ات أﻣ ً ا رﺳ . وﻣ ا ات ا ن ول اء ﻣ ك ا ة F-16 ، روخ AGM A-129 ، ﻣ ت ا ة ا UH-60 Black Hawk ، وا روخ / AIM-120.
ا ، أن ﻣ ﻪ ا ات ا ﻣ CIA ا ا ة ﻣ 2010 إ 2012 ﻣ أﺳ أ اﻻ ت ا وا ا ات ا ﻣ ، و د CIA ا CIA أو ر إ ا ي ن ً د ا ( KGB ) روﺳ ( SVR ) ا ت ﻣ ا ن ا .
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اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ
اﻟﻮﻋﻲ اﻷﻣﲏ
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Copyright © 2019. . All rights reserved. May not be reproduced in any form without permission from the publisher, except fair uses permitted under U.S. or applicable copyright law.
EBSCO Publishing : eBook Collection (EBSCOhost) - printed on 10/9/2020 12:50 PM via EMIRATES CENTER FOR STRATEGIC STUDIES AND RESEARCH AN: 2325686 ; .; : Account: s6314207 ﺳ ا رة ا ﻣ ، ﻻ ﻣ ر ا ء ﻪ. ا ﺳ ب وا رات ﻣ . وﻣ وا ا ا ، و ا أ ا وا واﻻ ، وا ا م ا وا ت ا راﻣ ، أن ا ا ا دي ا ا ا وﺳ ًا را ى ﻣ ن ا ا ﺳ ﺳ . ى ف ا س أن ا ﻣ ر ي م ل ا ﺳ ﺳ ، و ا . و ك ﻣ أﺳ أ ﻣ ل ض ا ب ز ﻣ ات أ ، ﻣ ا اﺳ ا ا أو ، ا ا إ أ ة ا ات ا د و و ا أ ء ﻣ ا ل. وﻣ ﺳ اب أن ﻣ ﻣ ا ، و ﻪ ا وا . ر ن زﻣ ﻣ ، أو ر ، أو ﻰ ﻣ ة . و ا ﻻ ًﻣ أن ن ا ا ﺳ ﺳ و ا ﻣ ت ا ﻣ ل ز ﻣ ات أ .
أﻣ ا وا ا ى، ن أ ة ا ب ا ردة ا ر اﻻ د ا ا ا ا . وﻣ زال ا ا ا أﺳﻪ ﻣ ا ﺳ ب ﺳ ﺳ أو د أو . و ﻪ ءة ز ا ات ا ي م ا ا ا ﻣ ا ا . أﻣ ا ا ا ي ا ا ا دي
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EBSCO Publishing : eBook Collection (EBSCOhost) - printed on 10/9/2020 12:50 PM via EMIRATES CENTER FOR STRATEGIC STUDIES AND RESEARCH AN: 2325686 ; .; : Account: s6314207 اﻻ ر ا ا ا وا . ًو ا ﻣ أ اﺳ ام ا ا ا ض ا ، ﺳ اء ر ا ا ، أو ﻣ ل اﻻ از. ك ا ﻣ ا ﺳ ﺳ ن ا ا ا ا ﺳ ل ض ا وا م ﺳ ﺳ .
أي ا ال . اذا أ ة ا ات م ل ا ﻣ ت ا ﻣ ل ت ا ﺳ ﺳ ، ن أ ة ﻣ ات ا ول ا ى م ا د و ﻣ ا ﺳ ﺳ ا م ا ة ا ى أرا . وﻣ أ ا ﺳ ا ﻣ ا ول ﻣ ا ﺳ ﺳ "ا ا ﻣ ". ا ا ي ا ا ﻣ ن ﻣ ً إ ﻣ وﻻت ا ات ا ه. أ ا ر ﻣ ﻣ ﻰ ز ا ات ا ﺳ ﺳ ل ﻣ ﻣ ت ﴎ ﻣ . و أ ا ات ا ف ا ا رة و ، و ا ب ا ﻪ. و ر ا ا وا ا ، و م ا ات ﻣ ا ا ﻣ ا ﺳ ت و إ ﻪ أي ﻣ أو . و ا ا ا "ا ع".
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EBSCO Publishing : eBook Collection (EBSCOhost) - printed on 10/9/2020 12:50 PM via EMIRATES CENTER FOR STRATEGIC STUDIES AND RESEARCH AN: 2325686 ; .; : Account: s6314207 و ذ ا ات إ ﻣ أ ى أ اﺳ ء ا ﻣ ت ا ا ا ا . ﻣ د . ى ﻣ ى اﺳ اد ا أﻣ ر ﻪ . و و أ ا ا ﻣ ى ا ا . و ا ل أ ط ا ت . ك ﻪ أﻣ أو ﻣ ، و ﻪ و أﻣ ، ه م ر ادارة ا ﻣ ﻪ ه ا ﻣ ا ا - ا ي دة ﻣ ن د ﻣ ﺳ ً ﺳ رة أو دو ﻪ، أو ًﻣ اﺳ ً أو ر أ ل اﺳ رات - و ا ا ا ي ﻪ ا ا ﻣ ﻻ ث أﻣ ر ﻪ، ا ﻣ ا ي ﻣ وﻻت ا ات ا ﻣ ة ا ى إ أن رك أ ﻪ ﻻ دا و ﻪ و ه ﻣ ا ا ا م ا ي ً ًأﻣ ًوا . و ر ﺳ ﻪ و اﻻ ل ﻪ.
و ك ذج آ . ا ، ﻪ أﻣ . . ﻣ ر و ا ث ا وﻻ ى أي ﺳ ء ﻣ ا ا ا ي ف ﻪ وﻻ در إ ذ ﻪ أي ا ه . و ذ ﻣ د ت ا د . .
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EBSCO Publishing : eBook Collection (EBSCOhost) - printed on 10/9/2020 12:50 PM via EMIRATES CENTER FOR STRATEGIC STUDIES AND RESEARCH AN: 2325686 ; .; : Account: s6314207 و ا رة ﻣ ﻣ ا ا اذا ن ث أﻣ ر ﻪ و وا ارات ا ا ذ واﻻ ت ا ﻣ ت ﻣ أ ى . .
و داد ا ﻣ ر رة اذا ن ا ا ﻣ ون ا ت أ ا ا ا ، ه ث أﻣ ر ﻣ وﴎ ﻻ ا ون ﻣ ا ﻣ ﻪ، و ﻪ أ . و ا ل ن " درد " ا ق إ أﺳ ا ت و ا ا ًا ﻪ . .
و ور ا ا ات إ دا ﻣ دي ى ا ا ﻣ ل " ﻣ دي" أ اﺳ اﻣﻪ ﻣ ﻪ أ " ه" ﻪ إ أن ا إ " " " ا " . . ﻪ ًا و ﻣ ﻪ ا ﻪ . .
ﻣ ﻰ ﻣ ﺳ أن أ ﻣ ات، ذا ن رك ا ًﻣ د ﻣ ﺳ ً ﺳ رة أ ، ا أن ن ك ت ا ان، وأن ن ك ﻣ ﻣ ت ا ﺳ ت، وﻣ ا وري أن ا ا ل أن ا ا إذا ن ﻣ ً ا ﻣ ف ﻪ ﻣ اﻻ ﻻق إ ﻣ ا ﺳ ﺳ ، و ق ا ا دي وا أو ا ﺳ س . .
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EBSCO Publishing : eBook Collection (EBSCOhost) - printed on 10/9/2020 12:50 PM via EMIRATES CENTER FOR STRATEGIC STUDIES AND RESEARCH AN: 2325686 ; .; : Account: s6314207 ك ة اﺻ ت ا و ﺤ د أن ا ا س و :
• أ ﻪ ون ﻣ ز ﻣ ات أ . • ﻰ ًا ﻣ ل ا ﻣ ت و ﻪ. • ﻰ ًﻣ ، ﺳ اء ﻣ ة ﻣ أو ا أو ﻣ ت.
و ا إذا ه ا ﻣ ر ﻣ ا ة ا ا ا وا ا ا د . أﻣ إذا ن ك أي ﻣ ه ا ط، ا ا أن ا ا ء ا ﻣ ا زم غ.
و ا اﻻ ر م ز ا ات ا ﻣ ور و أن ا ت ا ﺳ ا اءات أﻣ ا از ب ا ﻣ ت ا ﻣ ، وﻣ ه اﻻ اءات ا ت ﻣ أﻣ وأورو و ا ت ا ً أﴎار ، وأ ه اﻻ اءات:
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• ض م ة ا وا ﻣ ت ا ﻣ وا ﻣ ﻣ اﻻ ع ، وا د ﺳ ﻣ ا ي ا ﻣ ﻣ ﻣ وﻣ ﻰ و ذا وﻣ ذا . و ذ ا ﻣ ت ا ا و ً أو ا ت ا ر . • و م رم ا وا ات، ت ا ، ا ، ا ، د ا . . • ا اﻻ و ا ﻣ ت ا ا و ً و ا ﻣ ﻣ ﻣ إ آ ، و أ اص ﻣ ﻣ أو ا و وﻣ إ ذ . . • ض م ا ا ﻣ أﻣ ، و م و ا أﻣ أ ى ون ﻣ ر . • و ﻣ ات ﻣ ا ا ت و ا ﻣ ا ﺳ ا ة ﻣ ا ر ، ا ات .. .. • م ا اد رة ﻣ ا ر ا ﻣ ا و ت ﻣ .
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EBSCO Publishing : eBook Collection (EBSCOhost) - printed on 10/9/2020 12:50 PM via EMIRATES CENTER FOR STRATEGIC STUDIES AND RESEARCH AN: 2325686 ; .; : Account: s6314207 • ا ﻪ ا اد ورة ا غ أي ول اﻻ ع ﻣ ﻣ ﻻ ق ا ﻪ.
ا اءات أﻣ ا از ت و ت دول أ ى و ﻣ ﻪ ا ا ﻣ ، ذ ا ح ا ا ي ا د ًﻣ ر اﻻﻣ ، وﻣ اﻻﻣ ، ﺳ اء اﻻﻣ ا أو أﻣ ا ﻣ ت.
وإ ﻣ م ﻪ ا ة ا ﻣ ا ﻣ ل ا ا ﻣ ، ك أدوار أ ى ﻣ أن ؛ و ﻣ ﻣ ﻣ ة ا "ا م" و "ا راﻣ ".
ان ا أي ا م ر ة ض وﺳ ا م ا ﺳ اء اﻣ أو وات أو ﻣ ﻻت . أو دراﻣ . أن ا راﻣ ا ﻣ م - ﻣ ا ات ا ﻣ - ﻣ ت ﻣ ﻣ ت ا ا ز ا ، ز ا ﻻت ا ، و ا وح ا ا ، و ﻣ ﻣ ا واﻻ ص ﻪ وز دة ا ا ﻣ . .
و ن ﻣ ّا ه ا ت، أن ن ا ا ﻣ َﻣ ا ت ا ول ﻣ ت ا د ، أن ا ًﻣ ض ﻪ
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EBSCO Publishing : eBook Collection (EBSCOhost) - printed on 10/9/2020 12:50 PM via EMIRATES CENTER FOR STRATEGIC STUDIES AND RESEARCH AN: 2325686 ; .; : Account: s6314207 أ أ ل ا ا اب ﻣ ﻪ ﻣ ﻣ ات أ ول ه ن ً ﺳ ﺳ ، و م ا ا غ ا ت ا ﻣ ا . ﺳ اء ادارة ا ﻣ ا ا ، أوﻣ ا ات ا ﻣ ا ا . وﻻ أن ا ا ء ﻣ ا ﺳ ة أذ ن ا و ا ا ﻣ .
وإ ذ ﻣ ا ا ج ا ﻣ ا ت ا ز دة ا ا ﻣ ﻣ ز ا ات ا ﻣ و ن ﻣ وا ﻣ ت ا ات ا ﻣ . ا إ دة ض ا ت ا ، ﻣ ، ا ب ا و ﻪ و اﻻﺳ دة ﻣ .
وإ ا م ك دور م ﴎة وا رﺳ س ا ا ﻣ ى ا ل.
و ا ا ل ر ا رة إ ا ت ا ر ا ض ﻣ ﻣ ة ة . و أن ا ت ا ر ﻣ أ ة ﻣ ات أ ، ا ا .
وﻣ أن ن ك دور ي أﻣ م ﻪ ا ﴎة ﻣ أ ، ر ا رة و د ا أو
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EBSCO Publishing : eBook Collection (EBSCOhost) - printed on 10/9/2020 12:50 PM via EMIRATES CENTER FOR STRATEGIC STUDIES AND RESEARCH AN: 2325686 ; .; : Account: s6314207 ا أو ﺳ ﻣ ر أو أي ﻣ ة و ن ً ﻣ و ج . أ ﴎ ا غ ذ . .
و ا ل أ و د ﻣ ﻣ ا ﻣ ات، ا ة وا ، ا ر م ا ا ا ﻣ ا ارع وا ت ا .
ًوار ور ا ﴎة، ك دور م رﺳ ﻣ ا ل وا ب ﻣ اﻻ ا إ ا ي. و ا د و د ﻣ ر درا ا ا ﻣ . ن ذ ًﻣ ا، و ا إ دة ًو ا و ا ا وا ار ﻣ ا ل وا ب، ﻣ اﻣ اﺳ ام أ م ﻣ رة ض ا و ح ﻣ أﻣ اﺳ اﻣﻪ ﻣ ا ل وا ب، ن ً ﻣ زال ا ﻣ و ا ﻣ ﻪ م ه ا ، أو ن ً ًﻣ ا ﻪ ة ﺳ ا ا ل.
وﻣ ا ﻣ ا ا رة إ ﻣ م ﻪ ا ارس ا ﻻ ت ا ة ﻣ ل ا ا ﻣ . ادارة ا رﺳ ة زﻣ ز رة ﻣ زال ا ﻣ ، إ ا رﺳ ﻪ ا ﺳ ، و ث ﻣ ا ل رة ود ، و ي ﻣ ارات، و م، و أﺳ .
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EBSCO Publishing : eBook Collection (EBSCOhost) - printed on 10/9/2020 12:50 PM via EMIRATES CENTER FOR STRATEGIC STUDIES AND RESEARCH AN: 2325686 ; .; : Account: s6314207 و اﺳ ام ا ا ﺳ ب ﻣ ل ا ا ﻣ ﻣ ﻣ ا ا ، اﻻر ب، ا ﺳ ﺳ وا رات.
و ﻻ إ ذ زع ﻣ ا ت ا را FBI ﻣ ا ت وا ﻣ ا ﻣ ﻣ ﻣ ت ا و وا ا وا ت وا وا رض، إر دات أﻣ وأر م ا ت ا اﻻ ل ا ف ﻣ م ﻪ ﻪ أ ﻪ ر ﻣ .
وﻣ ا ﻣ ر ا ا اﻻ اس ﻣ و ا ر اﺳ اﻣ "وﺳ ا ا اﻻ ". إن اﻻﺳ ام ا ك Facebook ﻣ أﻣ ة، ة ا ات وا ت اﻻر م ه ا ﺳ و ق ا ت ا اد ا ﻣ ت ا و وأ و ﻣ و وأدق ا ت وا ت ا ا وا ون ا . م ه ا ﻣ ت ﻻ ر ﻣ ى أ ﻪ و د اﻻ اب ﻣ ﻪ. أﻣ ا ت ا ا ودة ﻣ ت ًأ رة ة ا ﻣ ا ؛ و ن ت ا ﻣ ا ا ة ا ﻣ ﻣ ا ول، وا ت ا ﻣ ، وا ت ا ة ا م اد ل ا ن ا ل إ
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EBSCO Publishing : eBook Collection (EBSCOhost) - printed on 10/9/2020 12:50 PM via EMIRATES CENTER FOR STRATEGIC STUDIES AND RESEARCH AN: 2325686 ; .; : Account: s6314207 ا ﻰ ا ي ا ﻪ ا و ف اﻻ ت . إذ ك ا ن ا ل ا رة ا اج ا ي ﻣ ة ﻣ ﻰ ا . و ا ذ إ أن ز ا ن أن ل إ ز أو ﻣ ور ا ﻣ ل ت ﻣ ﻣ أن ﻣ أ ة ﻣ د .
ﻣ ا اث ا ة ا ات، رة ا ك، ا ا ﻣ ا ج ا ي ض ﻪ ا / ن ﺳ ز Sir John Sawers ، ن ﻣ ا ر أن ﻪ ز ا ات ا ر ا MI6 2009 ، و دة ﻣ ه ا ت ط اﺳ م ا . وا ي ث أن ا ة Lady Shelley زو Sir Sawers ت 2009 ا ك أ راً ا ﴎة وأ و اﻻ ﻣ د ﻣ ا ر وا ﻣ ا ت، وا أ أ د ﻣ ﻪ ، ﻣ ﻪ ًﻣ ا 200 ﻣ ن ﻣ م ا أﻣ ا . و د ر ذ ا ﻣ ﻪ وزارة ا ر و MI6 و ف ﻣ ﻣ ت و ﻪ.
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EBSCO Publishing : eBook Collection (EBSCOhost) - printed on 10/9/2020 12:50 PM via EMIRATES CENTER FOR STRATEGIC STUDIES AND RESEARCH AN: 2325686 ; .; : Account: s6314207 اذن ا ا ة ﻣ ع ا ك أ و ك ﻣ أ أو ا ا ة ا ودة ا ر أ ا ﻣ ه . ك ًﻣ را ً ﻣ أي ز ﻣ ات ﻰ وراءه؛ اﻣ ا ل إ ﻣ ا ﺳ ء وا و وا ء ودوا ا رف وا وا وا ت ا و ت اﻻ ن . .
و أت " ك" ا ي أ ه ﻣ رك زو ج Mark Zuckerberg ا 2004 ا ات ا ﻣ CIA ﻣ ل ر ا ل وا ل Peter Thiel ا ﺳ وا ا ي ا Paypal ا ا ات ا . و أ ة ا ات م ا ك و . CIA ًوار رة ا ك ﻣ ث 29/ 09/ 2018 ﻣ رك زو ج ا ا ي ك 1.6 ﻣ ر دوﻻر ﻣ و ﻪ أن أ ض ك ﻻ اق أﻣ ب ﻣ 50 ﻣ ن ب ا و ض ت أ .
و ك ﻣ ر آ ﻣ ت ﻣﻪ أ ة ا ات ا ا ون ا و ا ت ا د ا ا ن ا ن ﻻت ا ت ا ﴎة ا . واﻻ ن و ة ذا ﻪ وا غ ّ ا ن و ا اء
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EBSCO Publishing : eBook Collection (EBSCOhost) - printed on 10/9/2020 12:50 PM via EMIRATES CENTER FOR STRATEGIC STUDIES AND RESEARCH AN: 2325686 ; .; : Account: s6314207 ﻪ أي ر، و ا ا ا ا رب وو وأﻣ ً ًو ا، و ا ﻣ ﻣ ا ن إ ا وا وا . و ﻪ ن ﻣ ا أ ن ا ﻰ اﻻ ر ﻣ ا ا ﻣ واﻻ ء ت ا ﺳ ﺳ وا رب ﻣ ا ر ا و - ون و و ت - ﻻ إ ﻣ ن و ا اء.
اذن ا و ا ﻣ وا ا ﻣ ﻣ و أ ة ا ﻣ ، ا ﻣ و ﻣ و ر ا ا وا ة ا ﺳ وا م وا رﺳ وا ﻣ وا دي وﻣ ا ا ب . ﻪ دوره ا ا ﻣ ل وا ب.
و ا ﺳ ﺳ ا و ، وا ًأ ﻣ و ﻪ، ووردت ا وا واﻻ ، إ أن ا ا ء ا ن إ ﻣ ﻪ ر و و أﻣ ، ﻪ إ ف ﻣ وﺳ وره ﻪ ا ، و م غ ﻪ، أو ﻣ ول ا ة ا ﻣ ا ث ب ا ﻣ ت ا ﻣ ، و س و إ أن إ ا ا ا ﻣ ا ﻣ ا ﻣ و . إذن ا وا ر و وا ا ﻣ ا ت ا أن ا ا ﻣ ﻪ.
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EBSCO Publishing : eBook Collection (EBSCOhost) - printed on 10/9/2020 12:50 PM via EMIRATES CENTER FOR STRATEGIC STUDIES AND RESEARCH AN: 2325686 ; .; : Account: s6314207 و ا أن ن ك ﻣ ا و ا ا ي ًﻣ ا ً ﻣ ﻪ ا ظ ا ﻣ ا ﻣ و ؛ ن ﻪ ًﻣ ا ل ص ا ا ﻣ ا وﻣ ﻪ دة ، وﻣ ة ﻣ ﻣ ، وﻣ ﻪ ﻣ ﻣ ا ﻪ (و – ﺳ - ج .. .ا ) . .
ﻻ إ ا ﺳ ب ا ي ا ي م ت ا و أداء ا ة أو ا ﻪ و ﴎ ﻪ، أﻻ ن ا ا ﺳ ب ا ، ا ا د ا ا ا ا ي ً أﻣ ً و ﻪ و أﻣ ، وا و ر و ﻣ ا ﻻ ازي ا ا ﺳ ﻣ ا ﻣ .
إن ﻣ ا ا ا وة ، و أن ى ا ب أن ا و م ء ﻣ ﻻء ا ا . إن ا ف أن ن وا أﻣ ً ، ﻣ رك ا ظ أﻣ و ﻪ و اﺳ اره ﺳ ﺳ ً وا د ً وا ً .
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وا ا ر ا ة، وا ة إ أن م ا ، أن ا ات ورة أن ن ًر . ﻣ ا ن ن اﻣ أة . .
" ﺤ ﷲ"
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اﻟﻤﻼﺣﻖ
ًأوﻻ: أ ة ﻣ ات ا ول ً : أ ة ا ات ا ﻻ ت ا ة اﻻﻣ ً : ﻣ ﻣ ت ﻣ و ا ات ا (CIA) ا ة/ ﺳ Gina Haspel ًرا : ﻣ ﻣ ت ﻣ ﻣ ا ت ا را (FBI ) ا / راي Christopher Ray ً : أﺳ ء رؤﺳ ء أ ة ا ات
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اﻓﻐﺎﻧﺴﺘﺎن
• National Directorate of Security (NDS)
اﺳﱰاﻟﻴﺎ
• Australian Security Intelligence Organization (ASIO) • Australian Secret Intelligence Service (ASIS) • Australian Signals Directorate (ASD) • Defence Intelligence Organization (DIO) • Defence Imagery and Geospatial Organization (DIGO) • Office of National Assessments (ONA)
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ﺑﻠﺠﻴﻜﺎ
• State Security Service (Vsse) • General Intelligence And Security Service, Military Intelligence (Adiv/Sgrs) • Coordination Unit For The Threat Assessment (OCAD/OCAM)
ﻛﻨﺪا
• Canadian Security Intelligence Service • Service Canadien du Renseignement de Sécurité (CSIS/SCRS) • Communications Security Establishment (CSE) • Canadian Forces Intelligence Command (DND) A. Canadian Forces National Counter-Intelligence Unit (DND) operated by the Canadian Forces Military Police Group. B. Joint Task Force X
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Ministry of State Security (MSS) People’s Liberation Army • People’s Liberation Army Strategic Support Force- the 3rd department (“3 PLA”)
ﻛﻮﺑﺎ
• Direccion de Intelligencia (DGI) • Revolutionary Armed Forces Intelligence
ﻗﱪص
• Cyprus Intelligence Service (CIS)
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اﻟﺪﻧﻤﺎرك
• Danish Security and Intelligence Service (PET) • Danish Defence Intelligence Service (FE) • Army Intelligence Center (HEC)
ﻣﴫ
• General Intelligence Service (GIS). ز ا ات ا ﻣ
• Office of Military Intelligence and Reconnaissance (OMIR) ادارة ا ات ا واﻻﺳ ع
• General Homeland Security (GHS) اﻻﻣ ا (وزارة ا ا )
190
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اﺛﻴﻮﺑﻴﺎ
• Information Network Security Agency (INSA) • Ethiopian National Intelligence and Security Service (NISS)
ﻓﺮﻧﺴﺎ
• Direction générale de la sécurité intérieure (DGSI) • Direction centrale de la Police judiciaire (DCPJ)
Ministry of Defence
• Direction générale de la sécurité extérieure (DGSE) • Direction de la protection et de la sécurité de la défense (DPSD) • Direction du renseignement militaire (DRM)
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اﻟﻤﺎﻧﻴﺎ
Federal Chancellery • Federal Intelligence Service (BND) Federal Ministry of Interior • Federal Office for the Protection of the Constitution (BFV) Federal Defense Force • Military Counterintelligence Service (MAD)
اﻟﻴﻮﻧﺎن
Ministry of Citizen Protection • National Intelligence Service Hellenic National Defence General Staff • E Division – Intelligence Division
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اﻟﻬﻨﺪ
External Intelligence • Research and Analysis Wing • Special Services Bureau Defence Intelligence • Directorate of Military Intelligence • Defence Intelligence Agency • Directorate of Air Intelligence • Directorate of Naval Intelligence • Image Processing and Analysis Centre • Directorate of Signals Intelligence • Joint Cipher Bureau Internal Security
• Intelligence Bureau (IB) • Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) • National Investigation Agency (NIA)
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اﻳﺮان
Ministry of Intelligence (VAJA) Oghab 2 – Nuclear facilities security General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Islamic Republic of Iran: • Intelligence Protection Organization of General Staff of the Armed Forces Islamic Republic of Iran Army: • Intelligence Protection of Iranian Army (SAHEFAJA) Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps: • Intelligence Organization of IRGC • Intelligence Protection Organization of IRGC (SAHEFASA) Law Enforcement Force of the Islamic Republic of Iran: • Iranian Security Police (PAVA) • Intelligence Protection Organization of Ministry of Defence (SAHEFAVEDJA)
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• General Security Directorate (GSD) ا ﻣ ا ا
• Iraqi National Intelligence Service (INIS) ا ات ا ر و ا ت ا
اﴎاﺋﻴﻞ
• Foreign Intelligence and Special Operations (Mossad) • Internal Security Service (Shin Bet) • Military Intelligence (Aman) • Police Intelligence (Lahav 433)
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اﻳﻄﺎﻟﻴﺎ
• Agenzia Informazioni e Sicurezza Interna (AISI) • Agency for Internal Information and Security • Agenzia Informazioni e Sicurezza Externa (AISE) • Agency for External Information and Security (Foreign Intelligence Agency) • Dipartimento delle informazioni per la Sicurezza (DIS) • Department of Information for Security (Classified data management, personnel training for both AISI and AISE) • Comitato Interministeriale per la Sicurezza della Repubblica (CISR): Inter-ministerial Committee for the Security of the Republic (a joint intelligence supervision committee) • Centro Intelligence Interforze (CII): Center for Interforce Intelligence (Military Intelligence)
196
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اﻷر دن
• General Intelligence Department (GID) دا ة ا ات ا ﻣ
ﻛﻴﻨﻴﺎ
• National Intelligence Service (NIS) • Directorate of Military Intelligence
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ﺑﺎﻛﺴﺘﺎن
External Intelligence
• Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) Defence Intelligence
• National Intelligence Directorate • Directorate - General of Air Intelligence (DGAI) • Directorate - General of Military Intelligence (DGMI) • Directorate – General of Naval Intelligence (DGNI)
Internal Intelligence • Anti-Narcotics Force (ANF) • Crime Investigation Department (CID) • Counter-Terrorism Department (CTD) • Intelligence Bureau (IB) • National Counter Terrorism Authority (NACTA) • National Crises Management Cell (NCMC)
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• Federal Board of Revenue (FBR) • Directorate -General of Intelligence and Investigation (DGII) • Financial Monitoring Unity (FMU) • National Accountability Bureau (NAB) • Security and Exchange Commission Pakistan (SECP)
روﺳﻴﺎ
• Federal Security Service (FSB) • Foreign Intelligence Service (SVR) • Main Intelligence Directorate (GRU) • Federal Protective Service (FSO) - Special Communications Service of Russia
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• Council of Political and Security Affairs (CPSA) ﻣ ا ون ا ﺳ و ا ﻣ
• General Intelligence Presidency (GIP) ر ﺳ اﻻﺳ رات ا ﻣ
• Presidency of State Security (PSS) ر ﺳ أﻣ ا و ا ا ﻣ
• Saudi Arabia National Guard (SANG) ا س ا ﻰ ا دى
• National Guard Intelligence Commission
اﻻﺳ رات س ا ﻰ
• The National Cyber Security Commission ا ا ﻣ ا ا ﻰ
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ﺟﻨﻮب اﻓﺮﻳﻘﻴﺎ
• Domestic Branch (SSA) • Foreign Branch (SSA) • South African National Defence Force Intelligence Division (SANDF-ID) • Crime Intelligence Division, South African Police Service • Intelligence unit (military)
ا ﺳﭙﺎ ﻧﻴﺎ
• National Intelligence Centre (CNI) • National Security Department (DSN) • Intelligence Center for Counter-Terrorism and Organized Crime (CITCO) • Armed Forced Intelligence Center (CIFAS)
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اﻟﺴﻮدان
National Intelligence and Security Service (NISS) ز ا ﻣ ا ﻰ و ا ات
اﻟﺴﻮﻳﺪ
Swedish Military Intelligence and Security Service (MUST)
• Office for Special Acquisition (KSI) • Intelligence Office (UNDK) • Security Office (SÄKK) Defence Electronic Intelligence Bureau (FRA) Swedish Security Service (Säpo)
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ﺳﻮﻳﴪا
Federal Department of Defence, Civil Protection and Sports
• Federal Intelligence Services (NDB) Swiss Armed Forces
• Military Intelligence Service (MND) Federal Department of Justice and Police
• The Postal Service and Telecommunications Surveillance (UFP)
ﺳﻮرﻳﺎ
• Air Force Intelligence Directorate • General Security Directorate • Political Security Directorate • Military Intelligence Service
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ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺎ
National Security Council (MGK)
• National Intelligence Organization (MIT) • (Foreign Intelligence, Counter Espionage and Special Operations)
• Undersecretariat of Public Order and Security (KDGM) (Internal Security Service) Joint Chief of Staff Intelligence Bureau (GENKUR-IDB) (Military Intelligence and Special Operations). Police Intelligence Bureau (Law Enforcement)
204
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أوﻛﺮاﻧﻴﺎ
• Central Intelligence Directorate (HUR) • Foreign Intelligence Service of Ukraine (SZRU) • National Bureau of Investigation (NBI) • State Service for Financial Monitoring • External Secret Agencies (ESC) • Security Service of Ukraine (SBU)
اﻻﻣﺎرات اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺪة
• UAE State Security • National Electronic Security Authority (NESA) • Military Intelligence Security Services (MISS)
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اﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺪة
Domestic Intelligence
• Security Service /MI5 – Domestic counter terrorism and counter espionage intelligence gathering and analysis • Office for Security and Counter – Terrorism (OSCT) – Counter terrorism and protecting critical national infrastructure • National Domestic Extremism and Disorder Intelligence Unit (NDE DIU) Domestic counter extremism and public disorder intelligence gathering and analysis • National Crime Agency (NCA) Organized crime intelligence gathering and analysis • National Ballistics Intelligence Service (NBIS) Illegal firearms intelligence analysis • National Fraud Intelligence Bureau (NFIB) Economic crime intelligence gathering and analysis.
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• Government Communications Headquarters (GCHQ) Signals intelligence gathering and analysis
Joint intelligence
• Joint Intelligence Organization (JIO) Joint Intelligence analysis
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ا ﻟﻮﻻﻳﺎت اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺪة اﻻﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ
Office of the Director of National Intelligence Independent agencies • Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) • United States Department of Defense - Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA) - National Security Agency (NSA) - National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA) - National Reconnaissance Office (NRO) - Twenty – Fifth Air Force (25 AF) - Military Intelligence Corps (MI) - Marine Corps Intelligence Activity (MCIA) - Office of Naval Intelligence (ONI) United States Department of Energy
• Office of Intelligence and Counterintelligence (OICI) United States Department of Homeland Security
• Office of Intelligence and Analysis (I&A) • Coast Guard Intelligence (CGI)
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• Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) • Office of National Security Intelligence (ONSI) United States Department of State
• Bureau of Intelligence and Research (INR) United States Department of the Treasury
• Office of Terrorism and Financial Intelligence (TFI)
زﻣﺒﺎﺑﻮى
Central Intelligence Organization (CIO)
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ًﺛﺎﻧﻴﺎ: ﻣﺠﻤﻊ اﻟﻤﺨﺎﺑﺮات ﻓﻰ اﻟﻮﻻﻳﺎت اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺪة اﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ
ﰱ ا ﻻ ت ا ة ا ﻣ ١٧ ﻣ ات ﻣ و و ز و ﻣ . .
• Central Intelligence Agency • National Security Agency • Defense Intelligence Agency • Federal Bureau of Investigation • Department of State-Bureau of Intelligence and Research • Department of Homeland Security – Office of Intelligence and Analysis • Drug Enforcement Administration – Office of National Security Intelligence • Department of Treasury – Office of Intelligence and Analysis • Department of Energy – Office of Intelligence and • Counterintelligence
210
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EBSCO Publishing : eBook Collection (EBSCOhost) - printed on 10/9/2020 12:51 PM via EMIRATES CENTER FOR STRATEGIC STUDIES AND RESEARCH AN: 2325686 ; .; : Account: s6314207 • National Geospatial – Intelligence Agency • National Reconnaissance Office • Air Force Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance • Army Military Intelligence • Office of Naval Intelligence • Marine Corps Intelligence • Coast Guard Intelligence
211
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EBSCO Publishing : eBook Collection (EBSCOhost) - printed on 10/9/2020 12:51 PM via EMIRATES CENTER FOR STRATEGIC STUDIES AND RESEARCH AN: 2325686 ; .; : Account: s6314207 ًﺛﺎﻟﺜﺎ: ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت ﻋﻦ ﻣﺪﻳﺮ وﻛﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺎﺑﺮات اﻟ ﻛﺰﻳﺔ (CIA) اﻟﺴﻴﺪة/ ﭼﻴﻨﺎ ﻫﺎﺳﭙﻞ The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) Gina Cheri Haspel
212
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EBSCO Publishing : eBook Collection (EBSCOhost) - printed on 10/9/2020 12:51 PM via EMIRATES CENTER FOR STRATEGIC STUDIES AND RESEARCH AN: 2325686 ; .; : Account: s6314207 أول ﺳ ة ﻣ ﻣ CIA . ﻣ ا ﻣ ﻣ Mike Pompeo ا ة ا اﻣ .
ﻣ ل ا أ ب أﺳ ﻣ ﻣ ﻣ وز ا ر . ر ا اﻣ ﻣ ا ، و ﻣ ا ا س 17 ﻣ 2018 و ﻣ ا ا ات ا 21 ﻣ 2018 . .
و ت ا ول ﻣ أ 1956 أ ,Ashland Kentucky . م وا ا ح ا ي ا ﻣ . درﺳ ا ا ا ا ة. ا ﻣ ة أ ام، أ ا م ا ﻣ Louisville در ا ر س ا ت وا ﻣ 1978 . .
ا ا ات ا 1985 و ﻣ ا . ا ة ﻣ 1987 إ 1989 ﻣ ا واورآﺳ ا ﺳ و ة ﻣ ﻣ ت CIA اورو واورآﺳ ﻣ 1990 إ 2001 . و ا ة ﻣ 1996 إ 1998 ﻣ ﻣ اذر ن.
و ا ة ﻣ 2001 إ 2003 ﻣ ر ﻣ ﻣ ﻣ ا ر ب.
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EBSCO Publishing : eBook Collection (EBSCOhost) - printed on 10/9/2020 12:51 PM via EMIRATES CENTER FOR STRATEGIC STUDIES AND RESEARCH AN: 2325686 ; .; : Account: s6314207 أ ب أ اث 11 ﺳ 2001 ﺳ ا ة ﻣ ا إ د 2002 ا ا ﺳ ﴎي ن ﻪ أﺳ دي " ا " Cat’s Eye ن ﻪ أ ز أ ص ﻪ أ ا ة. و ن ا ا ﻣ اﺳ اب ﺳ ﻣ ، ا ت ذ ا و ن ا ون أﺳ . وﻣ ه ا ﺳ أﺳ ب إ س ا ا ي اﺳ ا ﻪ ر ق waterboarding . .
ر ا ارد ا National Resources Division ا ة ﻣ 2004 إ 2005 . .
و ر ﻣ ن م 2009 ، و رك م 2011 ﺳ ﻣ و ة ا ا ي ات ا ر وا ت ا . و م 2013 ف ا ت ا ل ا .
2 ا 2017 ا اﻣ و ا ا ت ا و ﻣ ﻻ ﻣ ا ا س. و ا ا ي أ ﻪ David Nunes ا س ا ري وﻻ ر ور ا ا ا ات ﻣ ا اب
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EBSCO Publishing : eBook Collection (EBSCOhost) - printed on 10/9/2020 12:51 PM via EMIRATES CENTER FOR STRATEGIC STUDIES AND RESEARCH AN: 2325686 ; .; : Account: s6314207 ا ا ، أ أ ء ا ات ﻣ ا خ ا ا ا ا و ا ا اﻣ ا ﻣ ﻪ، وذ ﻣ و ا ام ا ا ا ﺳ ء ا ء اﺳ ا ﻣ . وﻣ ﻻء ا ر Sheldon Whitehouse ا ا وﻻ رود أ ، وا ر Ron Wyden ا ا وﻻ أور ن وا ر Martin Heinrich ا ا وﻻ ﻣ .
13 ﻣ رس 2018 أ ا دو اﻣ أ ﻪ ﺳ ﺳ ن ًﻣ ا ا ات ا .
و أ ر ا ا ار ردود ﻣ ﻣ ﻣ وﻣ رض. 9 ﻣ 2018 ت ﺳ أﻣ م ا ا ت ﻣ ا خ اﺳ ع ا أو ر ا . 16 ﻣ 2018 وا ا و ا 10 5 ﻣ ا ﻣ ا ا .
و ا م ا 10 ﻣ وا ﻣ ا خ ا د ﻣ ا و ا 54 ﻣ ا و 45 ﻣ رض.
و ا ا م ﻣ ا ا ﻣ ا ر Paul and Jeff Flake ﻣ وﻻ ار و ، وا
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EBSCO Publishing : eBook Collection (EBSCOhost) - printed on 10/9/2020 12:51 PM via EMIRATES CENTER FOR STRATEGIC STUDIES AND RESEARCH AN: 2325686 ; .; : Account: s6314207 ا ﺳ ﻣ ا ا ,Donnelly, Manchin, Warner Heidi Heitkam وﻻ رث دا ، و Bill Nelson وﻻ ر ا، و Jeanne Shaheen وﻻ . أﻣ ا ر ن ﻣ McCain د إ ر ا و ﻪ ا ن ا ﻰ.
21 ﻣ 2018 أ ﺳ رﺳ أول اﻣ أة ًﻣ ا ا ات ا ا . .
ﺳ د ﻣ ا وﺳ ؛ ة رج ش ﻣ اﻻر ب Georges H.W.Bush Award for Excellence in Counterterrorism ا
• The Dononan Award • The Intelligence Medal of Merit • The Presidential Rank Award
ﺳ Ashburn, Virginia و ﻣ و ﻣ Jeff Haspel وا ق م 1985 . و ﻣ و و أ ء. وﻻ م وﺳ ا ا اﻻ .
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CIA Seal
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CIA Headquarters
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EBSCO Publishing : eBook Collection (EBSCOhost) - printed on 10/9/2020 12:51 PM via EMIRATES CENTER FOR STRATEGIC STUDIES AND RESEARCH AN: 2325686 ; .; : Account: s6314207 ًراﺑﻌﺎ: ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت ﻋﻦ ﻣﺪﻳﺮ ﻣﻜﺘﺐ اﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت اﻟﻔﻴﺪراﻟﻲ (FBI ) ا ﻟﺴ ﻴﺪ/ ﻛﺮﻳﺴﺘﻮﻓﺮ راي
The Federal Bureau Of Investigation (FBI) Christopher A. Wray
219
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ﻣ ا ت ا را إ ي و ﻻت وزارة ا ل ا ﻣ و ا ز ا ول ا را إ ذ ا ن.
ﻣ FBI ار ﻣ ا ا ﻣ و ﻣ ا خ . .
ا ا ا ت ا را راي و ﻣ ﻪ رﺳ ً 2 أ 2017 . .
و م ﻣ FBI ر ه إ ا ا م وﻣ ا ات ا .
و ا ﻻ ت ا ة ل ﻣ FBI و ه ا ا ا م ادارة FBI إ أن ﻣ .
و آ راي Christopher Asher Wray 17 د 1966 رك.
وا ه Jr. Cecil A. Wray ج ﻣ ا ق ﻣ Yale و ﻣ ﻣ ً ﻣ ﻣ ة Debevoise & Plimpton رك.
ج راي ﻣ ا ق ﻣ Yale . .
220
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EBSCO Publishing : eBook Collection (EBSCOhost) - printed on 10/9/2020 12:51 PM via EMIRATES CENTER FOR STRATEGIC STUDIES AND RESEARCH AN: 2325686 ; .; : Account: s6314207 ﻣ م 1997 ا م ر . و م 2001 إ وزارة ا ل ا ا م ا ا ا ا م.
و م 2003 أ ر ا رج و. ش ً ارا ﻪ ًﻣ ا ًﻣ ً ﻣ ًﻣ وﻻ ا ا . و ﻣ ا خ ﻻ ع 11 ﺳ 2003 . .
م 2005 ا ا ﻪ ﺳ ك ا ا ﻣ و ن آ م ﻪ 17 ﻣ 2005 . .
ا ﻣ ﻣ ة King & Spalding م 2005 وا ا .
7 2017 أ ا دو اﻣ ﻪ را ي ﻣ ﻣ FBI ً ﻻ ﻣ ﻣ James Comey ا ي ﻪ ا اﻣ 9 ﻣ 2017 . .
20 2017 أو ا ا ﻣ ا خ ﻻ ع راي ًﻣ ا ا ت ا را . و ا ول ﻣ أ 2017 . ق ﻣ ا خ ا و ا 92 5 . و 2 أ 2017 أ ا ا ل
221
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EBSCO Publishing : eBook Collection (EBSCOhost) - printed on 10/9/2020 12:51 PM via EMIRATES CENTER FOR STRATEGIC STUDIES AND RESEARCH AN: 2325686 ; .; : Account: s6314207 ﻣ ود. و 28 ﺳ 2017 أ رﺳ ً ًﻣ ا ا ت ا را .
ر اي ﻣ وج ﻣ زﻣ ﻪ ﻣ Helen Garrison Howell ﻣ م 1989 و ا Trip وا Caroline و ن ر .
FBI Headquarters
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EBSCO Publishing : eBook Collection (EBSCOhost) - printed on 10/9/2020 12:51 PM via EMIRATES CENTER FOR STRATEGIC STUDIES AND RESEARCH AN: 2325686 ; .; : Account: s6314207 ًﺧﺎﻣﺴﺎ: رؤﺳﺎء ﺑﻌﺾ أﺟﻬﺰة اﻟﻤﺨﺎﺑﺮات اﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺪة
• The Security Service (MI5) • Andrew Parker • The Secret Intelligence Service (MI6 • Alex Younger
ﻣ 1 2014 ﻪ ار ﻣ وز ا ر ا ﻰ. و م ر ا ز ر ه ﻣ ة إ وز ا ر . و م اً ﺳ ً ا زراء. ى ا ف أن ر ا ز ﻪ ف ״ C“ ا . و أ ا ا ف إ
Captain Sir Mansfield Smith – Cumming, RN ا ى ن ا ا "C " أ . و ﻣ ذ ا أ ف ر ز C" MI6 ." ."
223
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• William Melville: 1903 - 1909 • Captain Sir Mansfield Smith-Cumming, RN: 1909 - 1923 • Admiral Sir Hugh Sinclair: 1923 - 1939 • Major – General Sir Stewart Menzies: 1939 - 1952 • Major – General Sir John Sinclair: 1953 - 1956 • Sir Richard White: 1956 - 1968 • Sir John Rennie: 1968 - 1973 • Sir Maurice Oldfield: 1973 - 1978 • Sir Arthur (Dickie) Franks: 1979 - 1982 • Sir Colin Figures: 1982 - 1985 • Sir Christopher Curwen: 1985 - 1989 • Sir Colin McColl: 1989 - 1994 • Sir David Spedding: 1994 - 1999 • Sir Richard Dearlove: 1999 -2004 • Sir John Scarlett: 2004 - 2009 • Sir John Sawers: 2009 - 2014 • Alex Younger: 2014
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Andrew Parker
Alex Younger
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MI5/MI6 Headquarters
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• The Foreign Intelligence Service (SVR) • Sergei Naryshkin • The Federal Security Service (FSB) • Aleksandr Bortniko • The General Staff’s Main Intelligence Directorate (GRU) • Colonel – General Igor Korobo
Sergey NaryshkIN
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اﻟﻤﺎﻧﻴﺎ
• Foreign Intelligence Service (BND) • Bruno Kahl
ﻓﺮﻧﺴﺎ
• (DGSE) • Bernard Emie
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EBSCO Publishing : eBook Collection (EBSCOhost) - printed on 10/9/2020 12:51 PM via EMIRATES CENTER FOR STRATEGIC STUDIES AND RESEARCH AN: 2325686 ; .; : Account: s6314207 اﻟ اﺟﻊ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ 1. ي أ. اﻣ ن، ا – ا ز ا اﻻﺳ رات ا ﻣ ا أي أ ﻪ، دار ا ت، 2014. 2. ﷲ ﻣ ، ب ا ل – أ د و ا ات وا ، 2012. 3. د. روق، و ﺳ ﺳ ن، دار ن ، ا ة. 4. د. ز ا ، ﻣ ﺳ ا ﻣ وا ات ا ( 12 ء)، ا ا ، ﻣ 2016 . . 5. ﻣ ﺳ ا ات وا ﺳ ﺳ ﻣ ا ق ا وﺳ ، ا و .
اﻟ اﺟﻊ اﻻﺟﻨﺒﻴﺔ
1. www.hayah.cc/forum/t9971.htm. 2. KHAN, David, The Codebreakers. The Comprehensive History of Secret Communication from Ancient Times to the Internet, 1996. 3. KNIGHTLEY, Philip, The Second Oldest Profession: Spies and Spying in the Twentieth Century, Norton, 1986. 4. LERNER, Brenda Wilmoth & K. Lee LERNER, Terrorism: Essential Primary Sources, Thomas Gale, 2006.
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EBSCO Publishing : eBook Collection (EBSCOhost) - printed on 10/9/2020 12:51 PM via EMIRATES CENTER FOR STRATEGIC STUDIES AND RESEARCH AN: 2325686 ; .; : Account: s6314207 5. LERNER, K. Lee and Benda Wilmoth LERNER, Encyclopedia of Espionage, Intelligence and Security, 2003. O’Toole, George, Honorable Treachery: A History of US Intelligence, Espionage, Covert Action from the American Revolution to the C.I.A., 1991. 6. Espionage: Meaning in the Cambridge English Dictionary. 7. Definition of Espionage in English by Oxford Dictionaries. 8. National Counterintelligence and Security Center, National Counterintelligence Strategy of the USA, 2016. 9. GRIMES, Sandra and VERTEFEUILLE, Jeanne, Circules of Treason: A CIA Account of Traitor Aldrich AMES and the Men He Betrayed, Naval Institute. Press, 2012, ISBN 978-1-59114-334-5. 10. MASS, Peter, Killer Spy: The Inside Story of the FBI’s Pursuit and Capture of Aldrich AMES, America’s Deadliest Spy. New York, Random House, 1995. ISBN 978-0-679-44050-5. 11. EARLEY, Pete; Confessions of a Spy: The Real Story of Aldrich AMES, New York, GP Putnam’s Sons, 1997. ISBN 0-399-14188-x. 12. DOYLE, David W. Inside Espionage: A memoir of True Men and Traitors, 200, ISBN 978- 9536151-4-8.
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EBSCO Publishing : eBook Collection (EBSCOhost) - printed on 10/9/2020 12:51 PM via EMIRATES CENTER FOR STRATEGIC STUDIES AND RESEARCH AN: 2325686 ; .; : Account: s6314207 13. CHERKASHIN, Victor; FEIFER, Gregory. Spy Handler: Memoir of KGB Officer: The True Story of the Man Who Recruited Robert HANSSEN and Aldrich AMES, New York Basic Books, 2005. ISBN 0-465-00968-9. 14. An Assessment of the Aldrich H. AMES Espionage Case and Its Implications for US Intelligence. US Government Printing Office, Nov. 1994. 15. THOMAS, Gordon; Gideon’s Spies: The Secret History of the Mossad, Macmillan Publishers, 2012. 16. OLIVE, Ronald J; Capturing Jonathan POLLARD: How one of the Most Notorious Spies in American History Was Brought to Justice. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 2006. 17. POLLARD Pleads Against Strict Parole Conditions, Jerusalem Post, March 2, 2017. 18. Court Rejects POLLARD Appeal of Parole Terms, Jewish Press, Ag,12, 2016. 19. MORELLO C and EGLASH R; Jonathan POLLARD, Spy for Israel, released from prison after 30 years, Washington Post Archive, Nov 20, 2015. 20. US won’t let POLLARD move to Israel for five years, official says. Times of Israel, July 28, 2015. 21. OBAMA will not intervene to allow Jonathan POLLARD to leave for Israel. Washington.com, July 28, 2015. 22. After 30 years, Jonathan POLLARD Released From American Prison. Haaretz, November 20, 2015.
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EBSCO Publishing : eBook Collection (EBSCOhost) - printed on 10/9/2020 12:51 PM via EMIRATES CENTER FOR STRATEGIC STUDIES AND RESEARCH AN: 2325686 ; .; : Account: s6314207 23. SCHILLER, Lawrence; Into the Mirror: The Life of Master Spy Robert P. HANSEN, Diane Pub. Cp. 2004 ISBN 0-7567-7435-7. 24. WISE, David; Spy: The Inside Story of How the FBI’s Robert HANSSEN Betrayed America, Random House Publishers, 2003, ISBN 0-375- 75894-1. 25. HAVIL, Adrian; The Spy Who Stayed Out in the Cold: The Secret Life of FBI Double Agent Robert HANSSEN, St. Martin’s Paperbacks, 2002, ISBN 0-312-98629-7. 26. SHANNON, Elaine; BLACKMAN, Ann; The Spy Next Door: The Extraordinary Secret Life of Robert Philip HANSSEN, The Most Damaging FBI Agent in US History, Little Brown and Co., 2002, ISBN 0-316-71821-1. 27. VISE, David A.; The Bureau and the Mole: The Unmasking of Robert Philips Hanssen, The Most Dangerous Double Agent in FBI History, Grove Publishers, 2001, ISBN 0-641-57998-5. 28. FINE, Glenn A.; A Review of the FBI’s Performance of Justice, Office of the Inspector General, 2003 – PDF Version – Archive. 29. VISE, David A., “From Russia With Love…”, Washington Post, January 6, 2002. 30. LYNCH, Christopher; The CI Desk: FBI And CIA Counterintelligence As Seen From My Cubicle, Dog Ear Publishing, 2010, ISBN 978-1-60844-739-8.
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EBSCO Publishing : eBook Collection (EBSCOhost) - printed on 10/9/2020 12:51 PM via EMIRATES CENTER FOR STRATEGIC STUDIES AND RESEARCH AN: 2325686 ; .; : Account: s6314207 31. DUNS, Jeremy; News of Devils: The Media and Edward SNOWDEN, Amazon Digital Service Inc. Seattle, Washington, November 25, 2014 32. GREENWALD, Glenn; No Place to Hide: Edward SNOWDEN, the NSA, and the US Surveillance State, Hamish Hamilton, London, May 13, 2014. 33. GURNOW, Michael; The Edward SNOWDEN Affair: Exposing the Media and Politics Behind the NSA Scandal, Blue River Press, Indianapolis, April 1, 2014. 34. HARDING, Luke; The SNOWDEN Files: The Inside Story of the World’s Most Wanted Man, Guardian Faber, London, February 6, 2014. 35. MACASKILL, Ewen; Edward SNOWDEN’s NSA Leaks and Important Service, says Al Gore. The Guardian, June 11, 2014. 36. GREENWALD, Glenn; NSA Collecting Phones Records of Millions of VERIZON Customers Daily; The Guardian, December 3, 2015. 37. BORGER, Julian; GCHQ and European Spy Agencies Worked Together on Mass Surveillance, The Guardian, December 18, 2013. 38. U.S. Attorney General’s Letter to Russian Justice Minister. BBC. July 26, 2013. 39. HORWITZ, Sari; “US Won’t Seek Death Penalty for SNOWDEN, Holder says in Letter to Russian Official.”, The Washington Post, July 26, 2013.
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EBSCO Publishing : eBook Collection (EBSCOhost) - printed on 10/9/2020 12:51 PM via EMIRATES CENTER FOR STRATEGIC STUDIES AND RESEARCH AN: 2325686 ; .; : Account: s6314207 40. Russian and US Security Services in Talks over SNOWDEN, BBC, July 26, 2013. 41. GREENWALD, Glenn; MACASKILL, Ewen; POITRAS, Laura; “Edward SNOWDEN: The Whistleblower Behind NSA Surveillance Revelations”, The Guardian, June 9, 2013. 42. Edward SNOWDEN’s Resident Permit in Russia Extended by a Couple of Years. USA Today, March 18, 2018. 43. HAAS, Benjamin; Very Discreet: Arrested CIA Spy Kept a Low Profile in Hong Kong, The Guardian, January 18, 2018. 44. GOLDMAN, Adam; EX-CIA Officer Suspected of Compromising Chinese Informants Is Arrested, The New York Times, January 16, 2018. 45. EX-CIA Officer Jerry Chun Shing Lee Held Over Secret Records, BBC News January 16, 2018. 46. Department of Justice, Office of Public Affairs, US Charges Three Chinese Hackers Who Work at Internet Security Form for Hacking Three Corporations for Commercial Advantage, November 27, 2017. 47. MARKOFF, John; ROESENBERG, Mathew; “China’s Intelligent Weaponry Gets Smarter”, NYTimes.com, February 2, 2017. 48. Beijing Denies Corporate Cyber Spying Charge Against Five Chinese Military Officials, China News.net, May 20, 2014.
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EBSCO Publishing : eBook Collection (EBSCOhost) - printed on 10/9/2020 12:51 PM via EMIRATES CENTER FOR STRATEGIC STUDIES AND RESEARCH AN: 2325686 ; .; : Account: s6314207 49. Ronald Kessler, ESCAPE from the CIA – How the CIA Won and Lost the Most Important KGB Spy Ever to Defect to the U.S., POKET BOOKS, New York, 1991. 50. Victor Ostrovsky and Clair Hoy, By WAY OF DECEPTION – THE MAKING AND UNMAKING OF A MOSSAD OFFICER, St. Martin’s Press, New York, 1990. 51. BOB WOODWARD, VEIL: The Secret Wars of the CIA 1981-1987, SIMON AND SCHUSTER, New York, 1987. 52. IAN BLACK & BENNY MORRIS, ISRAEL’S SECERT WARS – A HISTORY OF ISRAEL’S INTELLIGENCE SERVICES, Grove Weidenfeld, New York, 1991.
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EBSCO Publishing : eBook Collection (EBSCOhost) - printed on 10/9/2020 12:51 PM via EMIRATES CENTER FOR STRATEGIC STUDIES AND RESEARCH AN: 2325686 ; .; : Account: s6314207 ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﺘﻮﻳﺎت ا ـــــ ع ا ﺤ ﻣ ﻣ 7 7 ا ا ول: أ ة ا ات وأ 13 ا ا : ا ا وا 41 41 : أو ر إ 43 43 : ن ﻻرد 77 77 : ر و ت 95 95 : ادوارد ﺳ د Edward Snowden 121 ا ﺳ ﺳ ا ﰱ ا ﻻ ت ا ة 157 ى Jerry Chun Shing Lee 157 ﻣ ري 160 ﻣ ري رن 161 ن ن ن 162 ادوارد 163 ﺳ وﺳ أ 164 د و د 165 ﻣ - ﺳ 166 ا ا : ا ا 167
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ا 185 ًأوﻻ: أ ة ﻣ ات ا ول 187 ً : ﻣ ا ات ﰱ ا ﻻ ت ا ة ا ﻣ 210 ً : ﻣ ﻣ ت ﻣ و ا ات ا CIA ) 212 ا ة/ ﺳ Gina Haspel ًرا : ﻣ ﻣ ت ﻣ ﻣ ا ت ا را 219 FBI ) ا / راي Christopher Ray ً : أﺳ ء رؤﺳ ء أ ة ا ات 223 ا ا 229
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• ر س ا د و م ﺳ ﺳ - م ﺳ ﺳ – ﻣ ا ة . . • و ا ات ا ﻣ ( اء) ً ﺳ . . • ﻣ ر ر ﻣ ا ﻣ ت ود ا ذ ا ار – – ﻣ ا زراء - ًﺳ .
اﻟﺠﻮاﺋﺰ اﻟﺤﺎﺻﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ:
• ﻣ ا " ا ا " ﻣ ا ر ا ر .
• وﺳ م " ا ر ا ا " ﻣ ا ر ا ر .
• وﺳ م " رس " ﻣ ر ر إ .
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