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Analysen Zu Wettbewerbsverzerrungen A Service of Leibniz-Informationszentrum econstor Wirtschaft Leibniz Information Centre Make Your Publications Visible. zbw for Economics Emrich, Eike (Ed.); Pierdzioch, Christian (Ed.); Pitsch, Werner (Ed.) Book Falsches Spiel im Sport: Analysen zu Wettbewerbsverzerrungen Schriften des Europäischen Instituts für Sozioökonomie e.V., No. 10 Provided in Cooperation with: European Institute for Socioeconomics (EIS) Suggested Citation: Emrich, Eike (Ed.); Pierdzioch, Christian (Ed.); Pitsch, Werner (Ed.) (2015) : Falsches Spiel im Sport: Analysen zu Wettbewerbsverzerrungen, Schriften des Europäischen Instituts für Sozioökonomie e.V., No. 10, ISBN 978-3-86223-170-6, universaar - Universitätsverlag des Saarlandes, Saarbrücken, http://dx.doi.org/10.22028/D291-32297 This Version is available at: http://hdl.handle.net/10419/230847 Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Documents in EconStor may be saved and copied for your Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden. personal and scholarly purposes. Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle You are not to copy documents for public or commercial Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich purposes, to exhibit the documents publicly, to make them machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen. publicly available on the internet, or to distribute or otherwise use the documents in public. Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, If the documents have been made available under an Open gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort Content Licence (especially Creative Commons Licences), you genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. may exercise further usage rights as specified in the indicated licence. www.econstor.eu europ_inst_band_10_1502_Layout 1 23.02.2015 11:25 Seite 1 Schriften des Europäischen Instituts für Sozioökonomie e.V. Band 10 Falsches Spiel im Sport Analysen zu Wettbewerbsverzerrungen Die Bedrohung der Integrität sportlicher Wettbewerbe durch Betrug und Manipulation gehört zu den derzeit intensiv diskutierten Themen sowohl innerhalb der Sportwissenschaft als auch in der sportinteressierten Öf - fentlichkeit. Dabei verdeckt der Blick auf medial transportierte Skandale Zusammengestellt von: innerhalb des „großen“ Sports, nicht selten auch im Zusammenhang mit Wettbetrug und teilweise auch im Rahmen organisierter Kriminalität, häufig den Blick auf weniger in der Öffentlichkeit stehende Sportarten Eike Emrich, und Leistungsniveaus. Die öffentlich im Vordergrund stehende Verfol - gung der Auftraggeber und Netzwerke der Initiatoren des Betrugs lenkt Christian Pierdzioch zudem von der Frage ab, wie diese Sachverhalte von beteiligten Sport - lern, Schieds- oder Kampfrichtern, Funktionären und auch Zuschauern wahrgenommen und beurteilt werden. Und nicht zuletzt ist zur Manipu - und Werner Pitsch lation von Wettkämpfen in der Regel auch die Mitarbeit zumindest einiger unmittelbar Beteiligter notwendig, was direkt zur Frage führt, welche n Faktoren eine solche Beteiligung beeinflussen können. Allen diesen e g Perspektiven widmen sich die Beiträge in diesem Buch, die abseits von n u moralisierenden Positionen, aber auch distanziert von einem unmittel - r r baren Verwertungsdenken eine wertneutrale wissenschaftliche Be - e z schreibung und Analyse des Phänomens aus unterschiedlichen Blickwinkeln r e präsentie ren. v s b r e w e b t t e W u z e s y l a n A universaar Universitätsverlag des Saarlandes Saarland University Press Presses Universitaires de la Sarre Schriften des Europäischen Instituts für Sozioökonomie e.V. Band 10 Eike Emrich, Christian Pierdzioch und Werner Pitsch [Red.] Falsches Spiel im Sport Analysen zu Wettbewerbsverzerrungen universaar Universitätsverlag des Saarlandes Saarland University Press Presses Universitaires de la Sarre © 2015 universaar Universitätsverlag des Saarlandes Saarland University Press Presses Universitaires de la Sarre Postfach 151150, 66041 Saarbrücken ISBN 978-3-86223-169-0 gedruckte Ausgabe ISBN 978-3-86223-170-6 Online-Ausgabe URN mit Prüfziffer: urn:nbn:de:bsz:291-universaar-1369 Projektbetreuung universaar : Susanne Alt, Matthias Müller Satz: Werner Pitsch Umschlaggestaltung: Julian Wichert Gedruckt auf säurefreiem Papier von Monsenstein & Vannerdat Bibliografische Information der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek: Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen National bibliografie; detaillierte bibliografische Daten sind im Internet über <http://dnb.d-nb.de> abrufbar. Inhaltsverzeichnis Eike Emrich und Christian Pierdzioch I. Einleitung.............................................................................................7 Eike Emrich und Christian Pierdzioch II. Theoretische Rahmung.....................................................................15 Eike Emrich und Christian Pierdzioch III. Problemstellung und Ziel der Untersuchung..................................45 Eike Emrich und Christian Pierdzioch IV. Methodik – einige grundsätzliche Anmerkungen...........................49 Adrian Kalb, Konstantin Herrmann, Eike Emrich V. Wettbewerbsverzerrungen im Sport aus Sicht von Athleten, Trainern und Funktionären.............................................................55 Adrian Kalb, Konstantin Herrmann, Eike Emrich VI. Die Darstellung von Wettbewerbsverzerrungen im Sport in den Printmedien..............................................................................109 Werner Pitsch, Eike Emrich und Christian Pierdzioch VII. Match Fixing im deutschen Fußball: Eine empirische Analyse mittels der Randomized-Response-Technik...................157 Eike Emrich, Christian Pierdzioch, Christian Rullang VIII. Schiedsrichterbeeinflussungen im Fußball ...................................173 6 Werner Pitsch, Monika Frenger, Eike Emrich, Christian Pierdzioch IX. Prävalenzen von Wettbewerbsverzerrungen unter Kaderathleten und Einstellungen zum Fair Play .........................181 Eike Emrich, Freya Gassmann, Christian Pierdzioch, Adrian Kalb, Konstantin Herrmann X. Standardisierte Online-Befragung der Bevölkerung zum sportbezogenen Wettverhalten ......................................................202 Carsten Momsen und Marie Vaudlet XI. Korruption und Spielmanipulation im Fußball - rechtliche Überlegungen...................................................................................219 Eike Emrich und Christian Pierdzioch XII. Zusammenfassung...........................................................................249 Literatur......................................................................................................255 Eike Emrich und Christian Pierdzioch I. Einleitung Anlass zur Zusammenstellung der in diesem Buch versammelten Forschungs- ergebnisse war ein Forschungsprojekt zu Wettbewerbsverzerrungen im Sport. Gefördert wurde das Forschungsprojekt durch das Bundesinstitut für Sport- wissenschaft (AZ 071801/12). Schon kurz nach Genehmigung unseres Antra- ges zur Untersuchung von Wettbewerbsverzerrungen im Sport durch das Bundesinstitut für Sportwissenschaft zeigte sich jedoch in Diskussionen der Antragssteller Eike Emrich und Christian Pierdzioch mit weiteren Forschern, die sich mit dieser Thematik befassen, dass das Projekt sinnvollerweise über die im Antrag benannten Forschungsfragen hinaus auszudehnen sei, wenn man sich aus einer erweiterten Perspektive mit den aufgeworfenen Fragen befassen will. So diente zunächst eine Tagung des Europäischen Institutes für Sozioöko- nomie zur Abklärung und Diskussion weiterer Forschungsaktivitäten. Als deren Resultat wurde das Projekt ausgeweitet und zugleich mit den Untersu- chungsfragen parallel laufender Forschungsvorhaben im Hinblick auf ge- meinsame Forschungsfragen abgeglichen. Auf diesem Weg sind zum Beispiel Erkenntnisse einer größeren Untersuchung zur Rekrutierung, Motivation, Qualifikation und Amtsausübung von Schiedsrichtern im Deutschen Fußball- Bund integriert und für diesen Band ausgewertet worden. Tabelle 1 zeigt die auf diesem Weg entstandenen Teilstudien und die jeweils wechselnden per- sonellen Zusammensetzungen der Forschergruppen. Nähere Angaben zu Methoden, Stichproben und Auswertungsmethoden können dem Methoden- kapitel (Kapitel 5) entnommen werden. In mehreren Nebensträngen wurden von den beteiligten Forschern eine Reihe weiterer Studien über die genuinen Fragen der Wettbewerbsverzerrun- gen im Sport (durch Spielmanipulation bzw. durch Wettbetrug) hinaus unab- hängig von den hier bearbeiteten Forschungsproblemen vorgelegt, die sich mit dem Thema der Wettbewerbsverzerrung durch Doping und insofern mit- telbar mit den in dem vorliegenden Band aufbereiteten Ergebnissen befassen. 8 Eike Emrich und Christian Pierdzioch Tab. 1: Übersicht über die durchgeführten Teilstudien Personelle Zu- Gegenstand Methode sammensetzung der Arbeitsgruppe Qualitatives Leitfadeninter- view (Erhebungszeitraum: Juni 2012 bis Januar 2013) 2 Frageblöcke: Einstellungen und Haltun- a) bekannte Formen der gen von Athleten, Trainern Spielmanipulation und dabei Adrian Kalb, Konstantin und Funktionären zu Wett- involvierte Personen Herrmann, Eike Emrich bewerbsverzerrungen im b) Bewertung von Wett- Sport kampfmanipulationen aus der Sicht von Sportlern vor dem Hintergrund normativer Einflüsse der Institution Sport. Darstellung von Wettbe- Qualitative Inhaltsanalyse Adrian Kalb, Konstantin werbsverzerrungen im Sport von Online-Printmedien
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