DOCSLIB.ORG

Unit 3 1920: Redrawing the Boundaries of Citizenship

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Unit 3 1920: Redrawing the Boundaries of Citizenship Unit 3 1920: Redrawing the Boundaries of Citizenship Corinne T. Field Mellon-Schlesinger Fellow, Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study ’19 Associate Professor of Women’s, Gender, and Sexuality Studies, University of Virginia https://www.radcliffe.harvard.edu/people/corinne-t-field Mary Church Terrell, Harris & Ewing [1920–1940], Prints and Photographs Division, Library of Congress Was 1920 the turning point in American women’s political history, the moment when women won the right to vote? Or was passage of the 19th Amendment one phase in an ongoing struggle that began before 1830 and continues today? How you answer this question depends in large part on where you look and whom you center in your sights. If you focus on women in Pennsylvania, or white women with property in Virginia, then August 18, 1920—when the Tennessee Legislature ratified the 19th Amendment—was the watershed moment that made women voters. If you look further west, however, it was women’s votes in the states and territories that had already permitted them, sometimes for decades, that helped persuade reluctant congressmen to get behind the amendment in the first place. If you shift your gaze south, or to Native territory in the West, you notice the ongoing activism of women barred from the polls not by sex but by barriers tied to race, including literacy tests, poll taxes, racialized violence, and the strictures of federal Indian policy. And finally, if you consider the nation’s external borders, then the years around 1920 appear geared toward exclusion rather than inclusion, with the Immigration Act of 1918 enabling the deportation of radical women born outside the United States and the Immigration Act of 1924 barring all immigrant women from Asia and sharply limiting those from southern Europe and Africa. If 1920 was a turning point, then, it was certainly not one that unequivocally welcomed women as voters; rather, it made clear that some women counted as American citizens while, and in some ways because, other American women did not. ♦ Week 1: Who marched? On March 3, 1913, more than five thousand women marched down Pennsylvania Avenue in Washington, D.C., to demand the right to vote. The event ended in chaos as crowds harassed the marchers, but photographs and publicity materials from the protest circulated widely, publicizing who marched and the ways they styled themselves as modern citizens. These documents show white women presenting themselves as if reaching back to a glorious Anglo- Saxon past in order to lead the progress of civilization onward. But cartoons circulating at the time reveal anxieties that Native women had exercised political influence before European colonization, and that women in republican China were pulling ahead of their sisters in the United States because Guangdong Province enabled women to vote (briefly) in 1911. Meanwhile, women of color—including African Americans, Filipinas, Latinas, and Chinese Americans—continued their longtime fight to define the political priorities of the suffrage movement. The primary and secondary sources gathered here explore the contested status of whiteness in the women’s suffrage movement of the 1910s and document how women of color differed from white women in their understanding of the importance of the vote. Primary Sources: Anna Howard Shaw Speech on Women’s Suffrage Campaign in South Dakota, ca. 1890, Anna Howard Shaw Papers in the Mary Earhart Dillon Collection, A-68. Schlesinger Library on the History of Women in American, Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study. https://iiif.lib.harvard.edu/manifests/view/drs:460224908$3i Congressional Union: photographs (on postcards) of suffrage parades, June 1911, March 3 and April 7, 1913. Papers of Alice Paul, 1785–1985 (inclusive), 1805–1985 (bulk), MC 399, 251. Schlesinger Library on the History of Women in America, Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study. http://id.lib.harvard.edu/images/olvgroup1000190/catalog Cartoon, “Chinese Women Encourage their English and American Sisters,” Woman’s Journal, March 30, 1912, p. 1. Schlesinger Library, Radcliffe Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass. https://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:RAD.SCHL:26288118?n=103 Alice Paul Papers. Series II. Suffrage. Congressional Union: parade, March 3, 1913: program, list of floats, etc., correspondence. MC 399, folder 239. Schlesinger Library, Radcliffe Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass. https://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:RAD.SCHL:24974200 Suffrage Poster Depicting Inez Milholland Boissevain Dressed in White, Riding a White Horse, as She Did for the March 3, 1913 Suffrage Parade in Washington, D.C. (1913). https://images.hollis.harvard.edu/permalink/f/100kie6/HVD_VIAolvwork365799 Joseph Keppler, “Savagery to ‘Civilization,’” Puck, May 16, 1914, p. 4. Library of Congress, https://www.loc.gov/item/97505624/ Cartoon, “Everybody Votes But Mother,” Woman’s Journal, June 6, 1914. Schlesinger Library, Radcliffe Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass. https://nrs.harvard.edu/urn- 3:RAD.SCHL:26312858?n=183 Secondary Sources: Cathleen Cahill, “‘Our Democracy and the American Indian’: Citizenship, Sovereignty, and the Native Vote in the 1920s,” Journal of Women’s History 32 (Spring 2020), 41–51. Mary Chapman, “A ‘Revolution in Ink’: Sui Sin Far and Chinese Reform Discourse,” American Quarterly 60 (December 2008), 975–1001. Allison K. Lange, Picturing Political Power: Images in the Women’s Suffrage Movement (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2020), chap. 6. Treva B. Lindsey, Colored No More: Reinventing Black Womanhood in Washington, D.C. (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2017), chap. 3. “Marching for the Vote: Remembering the Woman Suffrage Parade of 1913,” Library of Congress, Research Guide. https://guides.loc.gov/american-women-essays/marching-for-the- vote Laura R. Prieto, “A Delicate Subject: Clemencia López, Civilized Womanhood, and the Politics of Anti-Imperialism,” The Journal of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era 12, no. 2 (April 2013), 199– 233. Lara Vapnek, Breadwinners: Working Women and Economic Independence, 1865–1920 (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2009), chap. 5. Suggested Assignments: Pick one image from the primary sources assigned for this week and explain what it tells us about how woman suffragists styled themselves as citizens. Using one of the secondary readings, explain a strategy that women of color used to assert leadership in the women’s suffrage movement. Did this strategy imply an understanding of the vote that was different from or similar to that envisioned by the visual propaganda of the suffrage parade? ♦ Week 2: Who was still fighting for the vote after 1920? Week two zooms in on the political activism of Mary Church Terrell to explore how Black women sustained activism both before and after the 19th Amendment. As documented here, Terrell toured the country as a women’s suffrage lecturer, organized Black women voters in the Republican Party, and demanded that Congress pass legislation against lynching. Terrell would remain active through the 1950s, when, as an old woman, she led protests against segregation in Washington, D.C. Her long career demonstrates one woman’s hopes for the 19th Amendment, her deep disappointment in its limitations, and her sustained commitment to building a more inclusive democracy. The secondary readings offer broader context for understanding Terrell’s ideas and strategies. Primary Sources: Mary Church Terrell, Three-quarter length portrait, seated, facing front, between 1880 and 1890, Library of Congress, digital collections. http://loc.gov/pictures/resource/ppmsca.68742/ Mary Church Terrell, “Lynching from a Negro’s Point of View,” The North American Review 178 (June 1904), 853–868. https://www.jstor.org/stable/25150991?seq=1#metadata_info_tab_contents Mary Church Terrell, “Address Delivered at the International Congress of Women in Berlin, Germany,” [also German translation], June 13, 1904, in Mary Church Terrell Papers, Speeches and Writings, 1866–1953, Library of Congress, digital collections. https://www.loc.gov/item/mss425490363 Group Portrait of Delegates to the Second Annual Conference of the Women’s International League of Peace and Freedom, 1919, Jeannette Rankin Papers, Schlesinger Library. http://id.lib.harvard.edu/via/olvwork20016060/catalog Mary Church Terrell, “What the Colored Woman Can and Should Do at the Polls” [1926], Mary Church Terrell Papers, Speeches and Writings, 1866–1953, Library of Congress, digital collections. https://www.loc.gov/item/mss425490427 Mary Church Terrell, Mary Church Terrell Papers, Speeches and Writings, 1866–1953, Library of Congress, digital collections. https://www.loc.gov/item/mss425490543 Secondary Sources: Brittney C. Cooper, Beyond Respectability: The Intellectual Thought of Race Women (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2017), chap. 2. Liette Gidlow, “More Than Double: African American Women and the Rise of a ‘Women’s Vote,’” Journal of Women’s History 32, no. 1 (Spring 2020), 52–61. Alison M. Parker, Articulating Rights: Nineteenth-Century American Women on Race, Reform, and the State (Dekalb: Northern Illinois University Press, 2010), chap. 5. Suggested Assignments: Compare one of Mary Church Terrell’s speeches before 1920 with one she delivered after. Did the passage of the 19th Amendment change her understanding of women and the vote? Based on the secondary readings assigned for this week, do you think that the passage of the 19th Amendment was a major turning point in US women’s history? Why or why not? ♦ Suggestions for
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Recommend Reading List & Online Resources
    Recommended Reading and Online Resources Related to American Women's Suffrage Compiled by Michelle Marchetti Coughlin, 2020 Mass Humanities Project Scholar, Discussion Series on Women's Suffrage, Falmouth Museums on the Green, 8/05/2020 Michelle Marchetti Coughlin is a historian of early American women and the author of One Colonial Woman's World: The Life and Writings of Mehetabel Chandler Coit and Penelope Winslow, Plymouth Colony First Lady: Re-Imagining a Life. She is currently at work on a book on the wives of the colonial governors ("The First First Ladies"). She serves on the board of the Abigail Adams Birthplace and as Museum Administrator of Boston's Gibson House Museum, and recently guest-curated Pilgrim Hall Museum's "pathFOUNDERS: Women of Plymouth" exhibit. She maintains a website at www.onecolonialwomansworld.com. READING LIST Most of these titles are available through the Cape Cod library system (CLAMS). Jean H. Baker: Sisters: The Lives of America's Suffragists (2005) Barbara F. Berenson: Massachusetts in the Woman Suffrage Movement: Revolutionary Reformers (2018) Cathleen D. Cahill: Recasting the Vote: How Women of Color Transformed the Suffrage Movement (Nov. 2020) Tina Cassidy: Mr. President, How Long Must We Wait? Alice Paul, Woodrow Wilson, and the Fight for the Right to Vote (2019) Ellen Carol DuBois, ed. The Elizabeth Cady Stanton—Susan B. Anthony Reader: Correspondence, Writings, Speeches (1992) Ellen Carol DuBois: Suffrage: Women's Long Battle for the Vote (2020) Carol Faulkner: Lucretia Mott's Heresy: Abolition and Women's Rights in Nineteenth-Century America (2011) Corinne T. Field: The Struggle for Equal Adulthood: Gender, Race, Age, and the Fight for Citizenship in Antebellum America (2014) Jessica D.
    [Show full text]
  • WSCC 2018 Womens History Month Events List Rev.3-8-2018
    Women’s Suffrage Celebration Coalition of Massachusetts, Inc. 2018 Women’s History Month Events **All information subject to change** Please check all links for details, and in case there are changes or cancellations: especially for events during snowstorms Revised list as of March 8, 2018 – Newly added events will be starred* Ongoing, through 2020: The Suffrage Centennial Display Panel Project The Commonwealth Museum, in partnership with WSCC and others, will be commemorating events leading to the 1920 ratification of the 19th Amendment, guaranteeing women the right to vote. From now through 2020, the Commonwealth Museum will display “Suffragist of the Month” panels in its lobby, and on its website. http://www.sec.state.ma.us/mus/index.html Ongoing: Boston Women’s Heritage Trail The Boston Women’s Heritage Trail (BWHT) offers a guidebook with self-guided walks honoring over 200 Boston women who made a difference. BWHT members also, on occasion, offer guided tours for groups up to 20. Please see their website for more information: http://bwht.org/tours/ Through March 18, see website for exact dates/times Femmes Fatales Film Festival Museum of Fine Arts, 465 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA Tickets required. For tickets and more information: http://www.mfa.org/programs/series/femmes-fatales Through November 1, 2018: 75 Stories, 75 Years: Documenting the Lives of American Women at the Schlesinger Library A Schlesinger Library 75th Anniversary Event Arthur and Elizabeth Schlesinger Library on the History of Women in America 3 James Street, Cambridge, MA For more information: https://www.radcliffe.harvard.edu/event/2018-75-stories-75-years-exhibition Month-long: Lowell Women’s Week 2018 A variety of events to celebrate Women’s History Month are scheduled in the City of Lowell.
    [Show full text]
  • The Schlesinger Library Now in Another Portrait Within the Library
    The Schlesinger A FITTING HOME FOR FFL’S RECORD OF ADVOCACY Library ON BEHALF OF WOMEN AND CHILDREN by Jane M. Rohan to documenting the lives and historical with the founding of Mother’s Day with endeavors of women, the library is her “Mother’s Day Proclamation.” Wreturned to Boston in spring $&'$( 2010 to address students at several area )*))+-!// The library has two highly distinguished 34)* )<[ members paid a special visit to the Arthur "////3)$) #)[ and Elizabeth Schlesinger Library on audiovisual material (roughly 90,000). centuries of global cuisine and includes the History of Women in America. The #4# !///4)) Schlesinger Library, which is part of the \#N: = Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study R4N$ Elizabeth David, and Julia Child. When at Harvard University, is located on the rich collection of artifacts housed at > former campus of Radcliffe College in the Schlesinger, and a portrait of the ?@#&[ Cambridge, Massachusetts. This newly aviation pioneer who disappeared while March 2009, they were able to view its \$[$# beloved donation from Julia Child, which the world’s largest and most prestigious the library. includes one of her copper pots, her archive of women’s history. #4$)< Julia Ward Howe, a prominent American Schlesinger Library was an important !"#$ abolitionist and social activist, is featured resource for Nora Ephron’s recent donation, the Schlesinger Library now in another portrait within the library. The ))[Julie and Julia. includes the correspondence of many poet most famous for writing “The Battle [## Hymn of the Republic” later became a The second special collection, the activists, and missionaries. Dedicated )[<$ archives of Radcliffe College, documents ® THE AMERICAN FEMINIST 13 powerful story of strong women and their efforts.” Z:)[/-//=:$ @\)R >K me on a tour of the Schlesinger.
    [Show full text]
  • View / Open Strait Oregon 0171A 12876.Pdf
    OCCUPYING A THIRD PLACE: PRO-LIFE FEMINISM, LEGIBLE POLITICS, AND THE EDGE OF WOMEN’S LIBERATION by LAURA STRAIT A DISSERTATION Presented to the School of Journalism and Communication and the Graduate School of the University of Oregon in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy September 2020 DISSERTATION APPROVAL PAGE Student: Laura Strait Title: Occupying a Third Place: Pro-Life Feminism, Legible Politics, and the Edge of Women's Liberation This dissertation has been accepted and approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Doctor of Philosophy degree in the School of Journalism and Communication by: Gretchen Soderlund Chairperson Carol Stabile Core Member Biswarup Sen Core Member Michael Allan Institutional Representative and Kate Mondloch Interim Vice Provost and Dean of the Graduate School Original approval signatures are on file with the University of Oregon Graduate School. Degree awarded September 2020 ii © 2020 Laura E Strait This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License iii DISSERTATION ABSTRACT Laura Strait Doctor of Philosophy School of Journalism and Communication September 2020 Title: Occupying a Third Place: Pro-Life Feminism, Legible Politics, and the Edge of Women's Liberation This dissertation reads pro-life feminism as a break from traditional public perceptions of feminist thought. Through a variety of methodological analyses, it engages three case studies to answer (1) How does pro-life feminism persist as a movement and idea? And (2) What does the existence of pro-life feminists mean for the discursive boundaries of pro-choice feminism? This project included archival research on major feminist, anti-feminist, and pro-life feminist organizations, as well as long-form interviews with founding members of the pro-life feminist organizations.
    [Show full text]
  • Unit 2 1870: Gender and the Reconstruction of American Democracy
    Unit 2 1870: Gender and the Reconstruction of American Democracy Manisha Sinha Mellon-Schlesinger Fellow, Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study ’20 James L. and Shirley A. Draper Chair in American History, University of Connecticut https://history.uconn.edu/faculty-by-name/manisha-sinha/ International Council of Women, Washington, D.C., 1888, Seneca Falls Historical Site The year 1870 marked an important turning point in the history of women’s suffrage in the United States. The decades preceding 1870 witnessed the emergence of a women’s rights movement and women’s activism within the movement to abolish slavery. Women’s activism reached its zenith during the Civil War and Reconstruction period. Most women involved in these campaigns saw their own cause as interconnected with that of enslaved and, after emancipation, freedpeople. However, with the passage of the 14th and 15th constitutional amendments that enfranchised adult Black men, women’s suffragists divided into two groups: those who retained their commitment to abolitionist feminism and those who sought to fight for women’s rights by any means necessary, including an expedient repudiation of the abolitionist commitment to racial equality. Women’s rights activists organized themselves into two competing suffrage organizations and, after 1870, continued their long battle for the vote. Many forms of subsequent women’s activism—in temperance, social reform, churches, and clubs— intersected with the suffrage movement, because prominent women in these endeavors were suffragists. African American women developed their own organizations and clubs to fight both for the franchise and against new forms of racial oppression after the end of Reconstruction.
    [Show full text]
  • The Complete Syllabus
    About this #SuffrageSyllabus Suffrage Pin, c. 1910s, Memorabilia Collection, Schlesinger Library, Radcliffe Institute, Harvard University This syllabus, part of the Schlesinger Library’s Long 19th Amendment Project, takes students through a semester-long course of readings and assignments on the broad subject of women’s political rights in the United States. Organized around a series of turning-point moments from the creation of the independent nation in 1776 to the present day, the syllabus places American women’s still-unfinished struggle for full and equal citizenship in a broad intersectional context. The effort to build this #syllabus began with an open call on social media by the unit creators and Johns Hopkins historian Martha Jones, who has been instrumental in many parts of the Long 19th Amendment Project. Many responded to that call; Cathleen Cahill, Mary Chapman, Andrew Cohen, and Beverly Palmer contributed particular ideas that directly shaped the result. We have cast a wide net in the topics, readings, and approaches outlined in this course, which has meant making hard choices about coverage and content. We hope that individual instructors will adapt as well as adopt this syllabus, diving deeper into particular questions and creating alternative frameworks for exploration. Such an inquiry could begin almost anywhere; women in many parts of the world have fought for their emancipation since antiquity. During the early modern period, a lively print debate on “the woman question” raged in Western Europe, producing foundational texts that later women’s rights thinkers built on. From the age of revolutions forward, those advocating for the rights of women often allied with thinkers and activists seeking the abolition of slavery.
    [Show full text]
  • Alice Paul and Her Quaker Witness
    Alice Paul and her Quaker witness by Roger Burns June 2, 2019 Please share this article with other Friends. Sharing this article is allowed and encouraged. See the copyright notice on the reverse side of this cover page. About the author: Roger Burns lives in Washington, DC. Like the subject of this article, he is a street activist as well as a Friend, being active in the affairs of his neighborhood and his city. Roger has a mystical bent. Several years ago during an Experiment With Light workshop he received a strong leading to promote racial reconciliation. Since then his major focus in the realm of social witness is on race issues. He has helped to manage a weekly public discussion about race that takes place at the church-run Potter's House Cafe in Washington. He serves on the Peace and Social Justice Committee of the Bethesda Friends Meeting. Roger was for a time a history major at college, and he later earned bachelor's and master's degrees in economics. Acknowledgements: I would like to thank the following for assisting with this article: Lucy Beard and Kris Myers of the Alice Paul Institute; the Bethesda Friends Meeting of Maryland; the many Friends of the Westbury Quaker Meeting; Alex Bell for going above and beyond; Ralph Steinhardt; Maya Porter; Rene Lape; June Purvis; David Zarembka; Stephanie Koenig. This article is available on the Internet at: http://www.bethesdafriends.org/Alice-Paul-and-her-Quaker-witness-2019.pdf Published by Roger Burns, 2800 Quebec St. NW, Washington, DC 20008 United States of America Phone: 202-966-8738 Email: [email protected] Date: June 2, 2019 COPYRIGHT NOTICE: © 2019 by Roger Burns.
    [Show full text]
  • General Editor's Introduction
    General Editor’s Introduction PAISLEY CURRAH n the last decade, movements for transgender equality appear to have advanced I with astonishing speed, while other issues of concern to women’s movements have largely stalled, either making little progress (equal pay) or suffering real set- backs (abortion access). From policy reforms to public opinion trends, it seems that the situation has changed faster, and in a more positive direction, on issues char- acterized as “transgender rights” than it has on those understood as “women’s rights.” This apparent gap may be exacerbated in the United States: at the con- clusion of the culture wars of the last forty years, the almost inseparable bond between movements for sexual and gender freedom that marked liberationist discourse of the 1970s has been torn asunder, reconstituted through the logic of an identity politics that affirms the demands for recognition of sexual and gender minorities but finds the misogyny that still structures all women’s lives largely unintelligible, outside the scope of the liberal project of inclusion. One poll, for example, found that 72 percent of the millennial generation in the United States favor laws banning discrimination against transgender people—a proportion very close to the 73 percent who support protections for gay and lesbian people. But only 55 percent of this generation, born between 1980 and 2000, say abortion should be legal in all (22 percent) or some (33 percent) cases (Jones and Cox 2015: 42, 3). In a three-month period ending July 31, 2015, when this introduction was written, the New York Times editorial board came out in support of transgender issues seven times—and that number does not include the several almost uni- versally positive op-ed contributions published during the same period.
    [Show full text]
  • Introduction 1
    NOTES INTRODUCTION 1. In San Francisco, the flyers denounced “mass media images of the pretty, sexy, pas- sive, childlike vacuous woman.” See Ruth Rosen, The World Split Open: How the Modern Women’s Movement Changed America, 205. 2. For an account and criticism of the decline of civic participation and its conse- quences for politics, see Robert D. Putnam’s Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community. 3. Fewer single women than married women vote (52 percent as compared to 68 per- cent in the 2000 election), and more young women today are likely to be single. See “Women’s Voices, Women Vote: National Survey Polling Memo,” Lake, Snell, and Perry Associates, October 19, 2004. 4. Nancy Cott, The Grounding of Modern Feminism, 365, quoting Judy 1:1 (June 1919): 2:3. 5. Academics Deborah Rosenfelt and Judith Stacey are also credited for reintroducing the term “postfeminist” during this time. See their “Second Thoughts on the Sec- ond Wave,” 341–361. 6. Summers’s remarks were made at the NBER Conference on Diversifying the Science & Engineering Workforce in Cambridge, Massachusetts on January 14, 2005. At an industry conference in Toronto on October 21, 2005, French said, “Women don’t make it to the top because they don’t deserve to. They’re crap.” He added that women inevitably “wimp out and go suckle something.” See Tom Leonard, “Adver- tising Chief Loses Job over French Maid and Sexist Insults.” 7. See The White House Project, Who’s Talking Now: A Follow-Up Analysis of Guest Ap- pearances by Women on the Sunday Morning Talk Shows.
    [Show full text]
  • Protest, Justice, and Transnational Organizing SAN FRANCISCO, CA 2020 NWSA Chair and Director Meeting
    NWSA’S 40TH ANNUAL CONFERENCE Protest, Justice, and Transnational Organizing 2019 NWSA ANNUAL CONFERENCE: Protest, Justice, and Transnational Organizing NOV 14–17, 2019 SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA NOVEMBER 2018 14-17, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 2020 NWSA Chair and Director Meeting About Friday March 6th The 2020 Chair and Director meeting will be focused on the different responses Chicago, IL to external pressures experienced by departments, programs, and centers. This event is intended to promote field- building by bringing together program and department chairs and women’s center directors for a day-long meeting as an added benefit of institutional membership. Participants will exchange ideas and strategies focused on program and center administration, curriculum development, and pedagogy, among other topics. Participation requirements: • 2020 institutional membership • Chair and Director Meeting registration fee $125 • Registration form DEADLINE The fee includes participation in the event and TO REGISTER: breakfast and lunch the day of the meeting. It does not include travel. NWSA will cover one night’s FEBRUARY 15, 2020 accommodations for those who require it. 2019 NWSA ANNUAL CONFERENCE: Protest, Justice, and Transnational Organizing NOV 14–17, 2019 SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA Table of Contents President’s Welcome ........................................... 4 A Brief (and Incomplete) History of the NWSA Women of Color Caucus ................................... 43 Conference Maps ............................................... 5 NWSA Receptions
    [Show full text]
  • The Persistence of Print the Persistence Of
    Life’s Beginnings • Learning from the Liberal Arts September-OctOber 2013 • $4.95 TThehe PersistencePersistence ofof PrintPrint Helen Vendler Arion Press & The Radcliffe Campaign Invest in Ideas launching october 28, 2013 photo by stu rosner To Sid and Susan, and to each member of the Institute’s advisory councils, thank you for your visionary leadership as we further our mission to advance new ideas and to share them widely. As A great university needs a place where we look to the Institute’s future, we have ambitious thinkers from across its campus and around plans to increase our the globe come together to take risks, explore photo by kathleen dooher photo by kathleen impact on students and new ideas, and connect theory and practice. faculty at Harvard and audiences around the world— through our highly selective Fellowship Program, At Harvard, the Radcliffe Institute is that the preeminent Schlesinger Library on the History place and is contributing to the future of of Women in America, groundbreaking research Harvard’s excellence and leadership. initiatives organized by our Academic Ventures program, and a full calendar of public events. Sidney R. Knafel ’52, MBA ’54, Campaign Co-Chair Lizabeth Cohen, Dean of the Radcliffe Institute for Conceived as a bold interdisciplinary, inter- Advanced Study and Howard Mumford Jones Professor of American Studies generational, and international experiment, the Radcliffe Institute is now one of the world’s leading institutes for advanced study. Dean’s Advisory Council Schlesinger Library Council A vast range of pathbreaking intellectual Susan S. Wallach ’68, JD ’71 (Chair) Caroline Minot Bell ’77 Catherine A.
    [Show full text]
  • From Women's Suffrage to Women's Liberation
    Unit 5 1965: From Women’s Suffrage to Women’s Liberation Liette Gidlow Mellon-Schlesinger Fellow, Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study ’20 Associate Professor of History, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan https://clasprofiles.wayne.edu/profile/bb2794 Flo Kennedy and LaDonna Harris, Jan. 31, 1976, Bettye Lane photo, available at http://id.lib.harvard.edu/via/olvwork747219/catalog. Despite the ratification of the 19th Amendment, many women in the United States still could not vote. White primaries, “literacy tests,” and threats of violence blocked hundreds of thousands of southern Black women from casting ballots. In thirteen states, poll taxes impeded voting access for poor women of all backgrounds, but any woman there who lacked an independent income found herself vulnerable to disfranchisement if her husband or father refused to pay the tax. Most Native American women remained ineligible to vote until the 1924 Indian Citizenship Act; but for many, this grant of citizenship was unwelcome, and they held fast to tribal identification instead. Unnaturalized immigrant women—who even at their century low, in 1950, numbered more than one million—could not vote under any circumstances. Nor did the 19th Amendment address other disparities between the sexes. In 1923, at the seventy-fifth anniversary of the Seneca Falls convention, suffragist Alice Paul echoed the broad call for women’s rights issued in 1848 and proposed a new amendment to ensure that “men and women shall have equal rights throughout the United States and every place subject to its jurisdiction.” The proposed ERA languished for the next four decades, and in 1963, the Presidential Commission on the Status of Women, chaired by Eleanor Roosevelt and relying on the work of attorney Pauli Murray, produced an extensive account of ongoing sex discrimination in American life.
    [Show full text]