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Natural Analogues for Safety Cases of Repositories in Rock Salt, Salt
NEA/RWM/R(2013)10 Isotope monitoring of water appearances in salt mines: The Polish experience Marek Dulin ski1, Kazimierz Rozan ski1, Krzysztof Brudnik2, Piotr Kolonko3, Joanna Tadych4 1Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, AGH Univ. of Science and Technology, Krakow, Poland 2W ieliczka Salt Mine S.A., Wieliczka, Poland 3Klodawa Salt Mine S.A., Klodawa, Poland 4Inowroclaw Salt Mines Solino S.A., Inowroclaw, Poland Isotope analyses of water appearances in Polish salt mines started in the early 70s of the last century. Soon after it became clear that oxygen and hydrogen stable isotope composition of water creates a unique possibility of determ ination of the origin of waters in mines and has a crucial role in the risk assessment associated with water inflows. Chem ical composition of mine waters, although useful, cannot be used to distinguish between syngenetic (safe) and meteoric (potentially dangerous) water types occurring in mines. The work provides a brief overview of isotope investigations of water appearances in four Polish salt mines (Wapno, Inowroclaw and Klodawa Salt Mines located in north central Poland and Wieliczka Salt Mine located in southern Poland) performed over the past forty years. Introduction Polish salt deposits are situated in the north-central and southern part of Poland (Figure 1). They are represented either by salt domes or salt beds, usually covered by water bearing Tertiary and Quaternary formations, sometimes surrounded by older deposits. There are three groups of water which make their appearance in salt mines: i) meteoric waters of infiltration origin , recharged during both Quaternary and pre-Quaternary climates; ii) syngenetic waters; iii) technological waters and waters of unknown origin. -
ESCOR TED T OURS in English POLISH and LITHUANIAN
2008 5 (2).eng 8/9/08 11:11 Page 14 POLISH AND LITHUANIAN SPLENDOURS 8 days Route: Krakow – Wieliczka – Krakow – Cz´stochowa – Warsaw – Kaunas – Vilnius Vilnius Warszawa Kraków reconstructed Old Town. The morning sightseeing tour includes the Royal Route and the Old Town with the Royal Castle, St. John’s Cathedral, the Old Town Market Square and the Barbican. In the afternoon, we offer an optional excursion to the Royal ¸azienki Park with the Palace on the Water. The evening offers an optional Polish dinner at Res- taurant “Podwale”. Day 6. Warsaw – Kaunas – Vilnius We continue through the well-forested North Poland along the eastern fringe of the Masurian Lakeland, a my- Vilnius – Ostra Brama riad of postglacial lakes representing some of the most Day 1. Krakow Day 3. Krakow – Wieliczka – Krakow beautiful natural sites in Poland, and continue into Lithua- Arrival in Krakow, optional transfer to Hotel Novotel Cen- The morning offers an optional excursion to the famous nia to reach Kaunas, a genuine Lithuanian city. We take trum Krakow**** or similar, check-in, welcome meeting. Wieliczka Salt Mine, an amazing labyrinth of tunnels a stroll in the Old Town with its elegant Old Town Hall and Day 2. Krakow going down as far as 327 meters. The afternoon is Gothic cathedral. Then, we continue eastwards and arrive For half a millennium, Krakow was the royal capital of reserved for exploring more of Krakow’s secrets individu- soon in Vilnius. Check-in at the hotel. Poland and for centuries the city walls have guarded its ally. The evening offer includes an optional dinner at Res- Day 7. -
Joint Meeting on Medicinal Chemistry—Kraków 2003
Conference Call Saidashev State Grand Concert Hall, which is one of Austria (5), Switzerland (5), and 18 other countries. the most beautiful cultural centers of Kazan. In addi- Participants were presented with the latest ideas con- tion to two plenary lectures, the results of the con- cerning drugs for the treatment of central nervous gress were summarized, and the final document On system and cardiovascular diseases, chemotherapeu- the Prospects for the Development of Chemistry, tics, combinatorial chemistry and high throughput Chemical Education, and International Cooperation screening, molecular modeling, peptides and pep- was approved. Dr. R. N. Minnikhanov, prime minister tidomimetics, and pharmaceutical biotechnology. In of the Government of the Republic of Tatarstan, addition, 226 posters were presented. addressed the meeting. Following is a list of plenary lectures presented: The next XVIII Mendeleev Congress on General and • “G-Proteins: Targets for New Drugs?”; Walter Applied Chemistry will be held in Moscow in 2007 and Schunack, Free University of Berlin, Germany will be devoted to a centenary of Mendeleev • “Can Drug Metabolism be Predicted?”; Bernard Congresses in Russia. Testa, Institute de Chimie Therapeutique, Universite de Lausanne, Switzerland Professor Oleg Nefedov <[email protected]> is head of the laboratory in the N. D. • “A Translational Approach to Preclinical Drug Zelinsk, Institute of Organic Chemistry in Moscow and the president of the XVII Development in Epilepsy”; James P. Stables, Mendeleev Congress. Professor Oleg Sinyashin <[email protected]> is director of Director of the National Institute of Neurological the A. E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry in Kazan and chief Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, USA secretary of the XVII Mendeleev Congress. -
'Wieliczka' Salt Mine (UNESCO)
Proceedings World Geothermal Congress 2015 Melbourne, Australia, 19-25 April 2015 A Concept of Making Use of Closed Underground Workings for Heat Recovery in Historical 'Wieliczka' Salt Mine (UNESCO) Andrzej Gonet1, Stanislaw Stryczek2, Aneta Sapinska-Sliwa3, Krzysztof Brudnik4, Tomasz Sliwa5 1) 2) 3) 5) Drilling, Oil&Gas Faculty, AGH University of Science and Technology, Krakow, Poland; 4) “Wieliczka” Salt Mine, Wieliczka, Poland 1) [email protected], 2) [email protected], 3) [email protected], 4) [email protected], 5) [email protected] Keywords: Salt mine, geoenergetics, closed loop, geothermal source heat pump, mining heat. ABSTRACT A concept of exploiting heat from old workings to be closed in the 'Wieliczka' Salt Mine is described in the paper. The monumental salt mine has been uninterruptedly operational since the 13th century. At present this is predominantly a museum of mining industry visited by over a million tourists from all over the world each year. The 'Wieliczka' Salt Mine has been put on the first UNESCO World Heritage List of 1978. The operations performed in the mine are related to maintaining historical workings, the Tourist Route and the extreme Miner's Route. Apart from this, an underground sanatorium was made for curing various diseases, mainly allergies. Part of over 200 km long workings and saline domes were liquidated to maintain the monumental part of the mine. Therefore a concept was proposed, according to which in part of the old workings, prior to the liquidation and backfilling, heat reception systems should be built. Thus obtained heat could be used by the underground sanatorium, e.g. -
Krakow HISTORY
Krakow HISTORY The first documented reference to Krakow can be found in records from 965 of the Cordova merchant Abraham ben Jacob. He mentions a rich burg city situated at the crossing of trade routes and surrounded by woods. In the 10th century Mieszko I incorporated Krakow into the Polish state. During the times of Boleslaw the Brave, the bishopric of Krakow was established (1000) and the construction of Wawel Cathedral began. In 1038, Casimir I the Restorer made Wawel Castle its seat, thus making Krakow the capital of Poland. The high duke Boleslav V the Chaste following the example of Wrocław, introduced city rights modelled on the Magdeburg law allowing for tax benefits and new trade privileges for the citizens in 1257. In the 15th century, Krakow became the center of lively cultural, artistic, and scientific development. Photo: A fragment of colourful woodcut depicting Krakow. Source: https://www.muzeumkrakowa.pl The 17th and 18th centuries were a period of a gradual decline of the city's importance. Due to the first partition of Poland in 1772, the southern part of Little Poland was seized by the Austrian army. On March 24, 1794 Kościuszko's Insurrection began in Krakow. Temporarily included into the Warsaw Duchy, it was given the status of a "free city" after Napoleon's downfall. After the defeat of the November Insurrection (1831), Krakow preserved its autonomy as the only intact part of Poland. In 1846, it was absorbed into the Austrian Monarchy again. After independence was regained in 1918, Krakow became a significant administrative and cultural center. -
Historic Salt Mines in Wieliczka and Bochnia Zabytkowe Kopalnie Soli W Wieliczce I Bochni
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by AGH (Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza) University of Science and Technology: Journals Geoturystyka 4 (18) 2008: 61-70 Historic salt mines in Wieliczka and Bochnia Zabytkowe kopalnie soli w Wieliczce i Bochni Janusz Wiewiórka1, Józef Charkot2, Krzysztof Dudek3 & Małgorzata Gonera4 1 Retired geologist of the Wieliczka and Bochnia Salt Mines, Park Kingi 5, 32-020 Wieliczka 2 Cracow Saltworks Museum Wieliczka, Zamkowa 8, 32-020 Wieliczka, e-mail: [email protected] 3 Faculty of Geology, Geophysics and Environmental Protection, AGH University of Science and Technology, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, e-mail: [email protected] 4 Nature Conservation Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Mickiewicza 33, 31-120 Kraków, e-mail: [email protected] Kraków – Krakowskie Żupy Solne. W XVI wieku był to największy ośrodek produkcyjny w Polsce i jeden z największych w Europie. Wydobycie soli kamiennej zakończyło się w Bochni w 1990, a w Wieliczce Warszawa Wieliczka w 1996 roku. Obydwa złoża znajdują się w utworach sfałdowanego Bochnia miocenu (baden – M4) jednostki zgłobickiej Karpat zewnętrznych. Seria solonośna składa się z formacji skawińskiej, wielickiej Dobczyce (ewaporaty) i warstw chodenickich. Złoże solne Wieliczki zbu- dowane jest z górnego złoża bryłowego i dolnego pokładowego. Kraków Myślenice Złoże bryłowe zostało utworzone w wyniku podmorskich spływów w południowej części basenu ewaporacyjnego. Obydwie części zło- Abstract: Historic salt mines in Wieliczka and Bochnia are situ- ża zostały ostatecznie uformowane w wyniku ruchów nasuwczych ated by the old trade road from Kraków to the east, in the region Karpat. -
Warsaw University Library Tanks and Helicopters
NOWY ŚWIAT STREET Nearby: – military objects. There is an interesting outdoor able cafes and restaurants, as well as elegant UJAZDOWSKIE AVENUE Contemporary Art – a cultural institution and THE WILANÓW PARK exhibition making it possible to admire military boutiques and shops selling products of the an excellent gallery. Below the escarpment, AND PALACE COMPLEX The Mikołaj Kopernik Monument The Warsaw University Library tanks and helicopters. world’s luxury brands. The Ujazdowski Park east of the Castle, there is the Agricola Park (Pomnik Mikołaja Kopernika) (Biblioteka Uniwersytecka w Warszawie) (Park Ujazdowski) and the street of the same name, where street ul. St. Kostki Potockiego 10/16 ul. Dobra 56/66, www.buw.uw.edu.pl The National Museum The St. Alexander’s Church gas lamps are hand lit by lighthouse keepers tel. +48 22 544 27 00 One of the best examples of modern architecture (Muzeum Narodowe) (Kościół św. Aleksandra) just before the dusk and put down at dawn. www.wilanow-palac.art.pl in the Polish capital. In the underground of this Al. Jerozolimskie 3 ul. Książęca 21, www.swaleksander.pl It used to be the summer residence of Jan interesting building there is an entertainment tel. +48 22 621 10 31 A classicist church modelled on the Roman The Botanical Garden III Sobieski, and then August II as well as centre (with bowling, billiards, climbing wall) www.mnw.art.pl Pantheon. It was built at the beginning of the of the Warsaw University the most distinguished aristocratic families. and on the roof there is one of the prettiest One of the most important cultural institutions 19th c. -
Here to Expertly Guide You Through the New Normal in Travel
Our Experience At Exeter International we have been creating memories and crafting custom-designed journeys for 27 years. We are a team of specialists committed to providing the best travel experiences in our destinations. Each of our experts has either travelled extensively on reconnaissance trips, or has lived in their area of expertise, giving us unparalleled first-hand knowledge. Because we focus on specific parts of the globe, we return to the same destinations many times, honing our experience over the years. Knowledgeable Up-to-the-Minute Local Information We are best placed to give you advice about traveling to Europe and beyond; from logistics and new protocols in museums, hotels and restaurants in each country. We are here to expertly guide you through the new normal in travel. Original Custom Programs, Meticulously Planned Our experts speak your language both literally and culturally. Our advice and recommendations are impartial, honest, and always have the individual in mind. We save valuable time in pre-trip research and focus on developing experiences that enrich and enhance your experience. Once on your journey you will have complete peace of mind with our local 24-hour contact person who is on hand to coordinate any changes in your program or help you in the case of any emergency. Hand-Selected Guides We know that guides are one of the most important components of any travel experience. That is why we only use local experts who have a history of working with our guests and whom we know personally. We are extremely particular in selecting our guides and are confident that they will be one of the most memorable aspects of any of our trips. -
The Arrases of Wawel, the Polish Royal Castle in Krakow
Jerzy Holc, Andrzej Włochowicz* The Arrases of Wawel, the Polish Royal Castle in Krakow Wawel - Polisch Royal Castle Conservation Workshop of Historical Textiles Wawel, Kraków, Poland Abstract The unusual, but well-documented history of the unique tapestry collection of the ‘Arrases of *University of Bielsko-Biała Wawel’, the Polish kings’ castle in Krakow, is briefly presented and its cultural importance Faculty of Textile Engineering and Polymer Materials emphasised. The problems of maintaining, preserving and restoring historical textile fabrics Ul. Willowa 2, 403-39 Bielsko-Biała, Poland are mentioned, and the questions of biodeterioration, molecular and submolecular structure E-mail: [email protected] changes, de-colouration, and the appearance of stains are stressed. A further article, which will discuss these problems in detail, will be published in a subsequent issue of Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe. Key words: arras, tapestry, conservation, preservation, biodeterioration, micro-organisms, enzymes, structure changes, colour changes. n The history of the collection n 16 small arrases located over the entrances and above & below the The Wawel arrases1), which are also windows, as well as those intended to called the Jagiellonian arrases, form a cover chairs or pillows. compact and stylistically consistent col- lection of tapestries.2) Krakow’s arras The tapestries were manufactured in the collection is distinctive as regards its period from 1550 to 1560 in Brussels, uniformity of style, variety of series, and according to cartoons of famous Flemish abundance of motives, as well as its his- painters. The authorship of these car- torical substantiation, which is of greatest toons with figurative scenes is attributed importance. -
Katalog Sybilla 2018
organizatorzy 2018 39. KONKURS NA WYDARZENIE MUZEALNE ROKU partner The beginnings of the Royal Łazienki date back to the 17th centu- The Old Orangery – here, against the background of frescos depic- ry, and its history is associated with Stanisław Herakliusz Lubomirski, ting Classicist architecture and an idyllic Italian landscape, visitors can Augustus II, , as well as Stanisław August, who – in the 18th century – admire the Royal Sculpture Gallery, which contains plaster and mar- decided to build his summer residence here. The Royal Łazienki was ble copies of the most famous sculptures of the Ancient world. The affected by the historical events of the 19th and 20th century. After Old Orangery also houses the Royal Theatre, one of few original, 18th the death of the last King of Poland, the Royal Łazienki was bought century court theatres preserved in Europe. by the Romanovs, and in the interwar period, it was the residence The Myślewicki Palace was intended as the residence of the nephew of Marshal Józef Piłsudski, President of Poland Gabriel Narutowicz as of Stanisław August – Prince Józef Poniatowski. Original polychromes well as others. by Jan Bogumił Plersch have been preserved in the palace, including The Royal Łazienki Museum is not only a collection of Classicist ar- the panoramas of Rome and Venice. chitecture, but it also encompasses historic gardens, which – for cen- The White Pavilion was the first building in the Łazienki erected from turies – have been the favourite destination of visits of Warsaw’s re- ground up on the order of Stanisław August. The historic interiors of sidents and tourists. -
Leena, M. C. – Aamer, A
Leena et al.: Physiological, biochemical and phylogenetic characterization of extremely halophilic bacteria isolated from Khewra mine, Pakistan - 1243 - PHYSIOLOGICAL, BIOCHEMICAL AND PHYLOGENETIC CHARACTERIZATION OF EXTREMELY HALOPHILIC BACTERIA ISOLATED FROM KHEWRA MINE, PAKISTAN LEENA, M. C. – AAMER, A. S. – ABDUL, H. – FARIHA, H.* Department of Microbiology, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad 44000, Pakistan *Corresponding author e-mail: [email protected]; phone: +92-51-9064-3065 (Received 3rd Aug 2017; accepted 30th Nov 2017) Abstract. Microflora entrapped in the salt deposits of Khewra salt mine, Pakistan has adapted to extreme conditions and nutrient scarcity to survive. Due to assumption that halophilic archaea dominate hypersaline environments, bacteria have often remained unexplored. The reports on extremely halophilic bacteria indigenous to Khewra mine are quite limited resulting in largely unexplored biodiversity of the salt mine. Here we attempted to fill that gap by isolating eight halophilic bacteria, out of which four extremely halophilic bacteria were selected for physiological, biochemical and molecular characterization. The phylogenetic characterization inferred through comparative partial 16S rRNA sequences identified these strains as HSL1-Oceanobacillus onchorhynci subsp. Incaldanensis, HSL4- Staphylococcus lentus, HSL6-Bacillus endophyticus and HSL7-Bacillus aquimaris. These isolates could tolerate a wide range of temperatures (15–45°C), pH (5–9) and survived up to 16% NaCl concentration. This tolerance is due to the stability of their enzymes. Enzyme assays revealed a substantial amount of production of protease, amylase, lipase, xylanase, urease, gelatinase, cellulose, and DNase. Conclusively, isolation and characterization of the extremely halophilic bacteria from Khewra mine indicated their important ecological role and contribution towards the microbial diversity. The ability to produce extreme-enzymes also established the potential of the isolates as valuable resources for significant biotechnological applications. -
Open Access Version Via Utrecht University Repository
Philosopher on the throne Stanisław August’s predilection for Netherlandish art in the context of his self-fashioning as an Enlightened monarch Magdalena Grądzka Philosopher on the throne Magdalena Grądzka Philosopher on the throne Stanisław August’s predilection for Netherlandish art in the context of his self-fashioning as an Enlightened monarch Magdalena Grądzka 3930424 March 2018 Master Thesis Art History of the Low Countries in its European Context University of Utrecht Prof. dr. M.A. Weststeijn Prof. dr. E. Manikowska 1 Philosopher on the throne Magdalena Grądzka Index Introduction p. 4 Historiography and research motivation p. 4 Theoretical framework p. 12 Research question p. 15 Chapters summary and methodology p. 15 1. The collection of Stanisław August 1.1. Introduction p. 18 1.1.1. Catalogues p. 19 1.1.2. Residences p. 22 1.2. Netherlandish painting in the collection in general p. 26 1.2.1. General remarks p. 26 1.2.2. Genres p. 28 1.2.3. Netherlandish painting in the collection per stylistic schools p. 30 1.2.3.1. The circle of Rubens and Van Dyck p. 30 1.2.3.2. The circle of Rembrandt p. 33 1.2.3.3. Italianate landscapists p. 41 1.2.3.4. Fijnschilders p. 44 1.2.3.5. Other Netherlandish artists p. 47 1.3. Other painting schools in the collection p. 52 1.3.1. Paintings by court painters in Warsaw p. 52 1.3.2. Italian paintings p. 53 1.3.3. French paintings p. 54 1.3.4. German paintings p.