Nuari 1961 Raken Wij Aan Een Centraal Onderdeel Van Dit Vier 1961, Constitue Un Des Éléments Centraux De La Pré- Onderzoek

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Nuari 1961 Raken Wij Aan Een Centraal Onderdeel Van Dit Vier 1961, Constitue Un Des Éléments Centraux De La Pré- Onderzoek 336 DOC 50 0312/006 HOOFDSTUK III CHAPITRE III De dood van Lumumba La mort de Lumumba Met de dood van Lumumba, Okito en Mpolo op 17 ja- La mort de Lumumba, d’Okito et de Mpolo, le 17 jan- nuari 1961 raken wij aan een centraal onderdeel van dit vier 1961, constitue un des éléments centraux de la pré- onderzoek. Deze dramatische gebeurtenis heeft tot op sente enquête. Cet événement dramatique n’a, jusqu’à heden niet al haar geheimen prijsgegeven. In welke présent, pas encore livré tous ses secrets. Dans quelles omstandigheden zijn Lumumba en zijn twee lotgenoten circonstances Lumumba et ses deux compagnons d’in- gestorven? Waren of werden de gevangenen zodanig fortune ont-ils trouvé la mort ? Les prisonniers avaient- toegetakeld dat de dood erop volgde, ging het om dood- ils ou ont-ils été à ce point maltraités que la mort s’en slag, om moord, al of niet ingekleed als een « execu- est suivie, s’est-il agi d’un homicide, d’un meurtre, pré- tie » ? Wie waren de daders ? Wat waren hun motie- senté ou non comme une « exécution » ? Qui étaient ven ? Handelden zij in opdracht ? Met voorbedachtheid, les auteurs ? Quels étaient leurs mobiles ? Ont-ils agi in een vlaag van opwinding of onder de invloed van de sur ordre ? Avec préméditation, dans un état de surex- drank ? citation ou sous l’influence de la boisson ? Sedert 1961 doen omtrent de dood van Lumumba de Depuis 1961, les récits les plus invraisemblables cir- meest fantastische verhalen de ronde. Meerdere perso- culent à propos de la mort de Lumumba. Plusieurs per- nen werden als daders gebrandmerkt of beroemden zich sonnes ont été désignées comme les auteurs ou se sont erop de Congolese leider te hebben gedood. De om- vantées d’avoir tué le dirigeant congolais. Les circons- standigheden waarin een en ander plaatsvond waren tances étaient variées et parfois invraisemblables. Nom- divers en soms onwaarschijnlijk. In veel van die verha- bre de ces récits mettaient en scène le ministre katangais len werden ofwel de Katangese minister Munongo of de Munongo ou le capitaine belge Gat. Munongo aurait tué Belgische kapitein Gat ten tonele gevoerd. Munongo zou Lumumba avec une baïonnette ou Gat aurait donné le met een bajonet Lumumba hebben gedood, of Gat zou coup de grâce au prisonnier agonisant (1). de zieltogende gevangene het genadeschot hebben gegeven (1). Laten we meteen komaf maken van de officiële ver- Faisons d’emblée un sort à la version officielle con- sie over de dood van Lumumba, zoals zij door de Ka- cernant la mort de Lumumba, telle qu’elle a été propa- tangese regering werd verspreid vanaf 10-13 februari gée par le gouvernement katangais à partir des 10-13 fé- 1961. De ontsnapping van Lumumba, Okito en Mpolo vrier 1961. L’évasion de Lumumba, Okito et Mpolo de la uit de villa waar zij gevangen zaten, hun gevangenne- villa où ils étaient prisonniers, leur capture par des villa- ming door dorpelingen en hun gewelddadige dood, deze geois et leur mort violente : cette version du gouverne- versie van de Katangese regering werd al in de tijd zelf ment katangais était déjà considérée à l’époque comme begrepen als een scenario om de ware aard van de ge- un scénario visant à dissimuler la nature véritable des beurtenissen de verdoezelen. In zijn studie heeft Bras- événements. Dans son étude, Brassinne a retrouvé suf- sinne voldoende relevante stukken teruggevonden die fisamment de documents pertinents attestant qu’il ne duidelijk maken dat er niet de minste twijfel kan bestaan peut y avoir le moindre doute quant au fait que la ver- aan het feit dat de officiële versie een leugen is (2). sion officielle est un mensonge (2). De onderzoekscommissie van de VN kwam in 1961 La commission d’enquête des Nations unies est arri- tot de volgende conclusie, die als vaag kan worden be- vée en 1961 à la conclusion suivante, qui pourrait être stempeld. Men moet er echter rekening mee houden dat qualifiée de vague, mais il faut tenir compte des condi- de commissie haar onderzoek in moeilijke omstandig- tions difficiles dans lesquelles s’est réalisée son enquête, heden moest uitvoeren en op geen medewerking van qui ne recueillit guère les faveurs des autorités de Katangese autoriteiten kon rekenen : katangaises : <(…) la Commission tient pour véridique sur les points essentiels la version selon laquelle les détenus auraient été tués le 17 janvier 1961 après leur arrivée, dans une villa d’Elisabethville, et très probablement sous les yeux de certains membres du Gouvernement de la province du Katanga, notamment MM. Tshombe, Munongo et Kibwe, et estime que la thèse de l’évasion a été montée de toutes pièces. Les soupçons pèsent lourdement sur un certain ______________ ______________ (1) Een overzicht van al deze versies in Brassinne, II, blz. 458 en (1) Un aperçu de toutes ces versions dans Brassinne, II, p. 458 et volgende. suivantes. (2) Blz. 415-457. (2) Pp. 415-457. KAMER · 4e ZITTING VAN DE 50e ZITTINGSPERIODE 2001 2002 CHAMBRE · 4e SESSION DE LA 50e LÉGISLATURE DOC 50 0312/006 337 colonel Huyghe, mercenaire belge, qui serait le véritable meurtrier de M. Lumumba et qui aurait perpétré son crime selon un plan prémédité avec la complicité d’un certain capitaine Gat, mercenaire belge lui aussi. Quant à MM. Okito et M’Polo on ne voit pas clairement qui les a tués en fait, mais les indications reçues permettent de penser qu’ils ont été tués en même temps que M. Lumumba.> (3). De eerste ernstige studie over de dood van Lumumba La première étude sérieuse relative à la mort de Lu- verscheen in 1966 en is van de hand van Heinz en mumba, parue en 1966, a été réalisée par Heinz et Donnay, schuilnamen voor Jules Gérard-Libois en Donnay, des pseudonymes pour Jules Gérard-Libois et Jacques Brassinne (4). In dit boek werd de dood in la Jacques Brassinne (4). Dans cet ouvrage, la version se- maison Brouwez als gevolg van de mishandelingen als lon laquelle Lumbumba était mort dans la maison meest geloofwaardige versie aangenomen. Op dat ogen- Brouwez à la suite des sévices était considérée comme blik was er in de verschillende versies die de ronde de- la version la plus crédible. À cette époque, il n’était pas den nog geen sprake van een executie in de brousse encore question, dans les différentes versions qui circu- zo’n 50 km van Elisabethstad. De eerste die hiervan laient, d’une exécution dans la brousse à quelque 50 km melding maakte was Walter Geerts in zijn studie Binza d’Élisabethville. Le premier à avoir fait état d’une telle 10, verschenen in 1970 (5). Hij bracht een « exclusief », exécution était Walter Geerts, dans son étude Binza 10, maar sober verhaal van de executie op basis van « een parue en 1970 (5). Il a fait un récit « exclusif », mais getuige voor wiens betrouwbaarheid hij borg staat » (6). sobre de cette exécution en se fondant sur les déclara- Het is deze laatste versie, maar met een grotere over- tions d’« un témoin de la fiabilité duquel il se porte ga- vloed aan details, die door Brassinne in zijn proefschrift rant » (6). C’est cette dernière version, mais de manière van 1990 uiteindelijk als de meest geloofwaardige ver- beaucoup plus détaillée, que Brassinne a finalement sie van de gebeurtenissen werd geconsacreerd. consacrée comme la version la plus crédible des évé- nements dans sa thèse de 1990. Vanwaar de onzekerheid over het ultieme lot van Comment expliquer l’incertitude quant aux derniers Lumumba, de ongrijpbaarheid van de gebeurtenissen moments de Lumumba, le caractère insaisissable des die zich op 17 januari hebben voorgedaan ? De reden is événements du 17 janvier ? Très simplement. Pour re- zeer eenvoudig. Voor onze kennis van de gebeurtenis- constituer les événements qui se sont déroulés le 17 jan- sen op 17 januari 1961, vanaf de aankomst op de lucht- vier 1961 entre l’arrivée de Lumumba et de ses deux haven van Lumumba en zijn twee medegevangenen op codétenus à l’aéroport et leur décès — le soir même —, de luchthaven tot aan hun dood — diezelfde avond — nous ne disposons que de témoignages, et qui par zijn we uitsluitend aangewezen op getuigenverklaringen, ailleurs sont tous du même bord. Nous n’avons aucun en dan nog getuigenverklaringen uit dezelfde hoek. Wij document qui serait un élément constitutif des événe- beschikken over geen enkel document dat een consti- ments proprement dits, abstraction faite d’un seul, à sa- tuerend bestanddeel uitmaakt van de gebeurtenissen voir l’agenda du commissaire de police Frans Ver- zelf, tenzij één, namelijk de agenda van politiecom- scheure, unique source originale totalement inédite. Dès missaris Frans Verscheure, die als enige oorspronke- lors que la vraie nature des événements devait rester lijke, tot dusver volkomen onbekende bron geldt. Ver- secrète, les témoins se sont initialement réfugiés dans mits de ware aard van de gebeurtenissen verborgen le mutisme, ce qui a ouvert la voie à toutes sortes de moest blijven, hebben de getuigen zich aanvankelijk in déclarations fausses ou mensongères. Lorsqu’il a pro- stilzwijgen gehuld. De weg was vrij voor allerlei valse of gressivement été possible de mener une enquête sé- leugenachtige verklaringen. Toen stilaan ernstig onder- rieuse, certains témoins capitaux, comme Tshombe ou zoek mogelijk werd, waren cruciale getuigen, zoals Kasavubu, avaient disparu; d’autres n’étaient, pour di- ______________ ______________ (3) Verenigde Naties. Algemene Vergadering. Rapport van de (3) Nations Unies. Assemblée générale. Rapport de la Commis- krachtens resolutie 601 (XV) van de Algemene Vergadering (Doc. A/ sion d’enquête créée aux termes de la résolution 1601 (XV) de l’As- 4964-S/4976) op 11 november 1961 opgerichte onderzoekscom- semblée générale.
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