IOBC-WPRS Working Group “Integrated Control in Oilseed Crops” OILB-SROP Groupe de Travail “Lutte Intégrée en Culture d’Oléagineux” Preceedings of the meeting at Zagreb (Croatia) September 18 – 20, 2018 Edited by Samantha M. Cook, Malgorzata Jedryczka, Ivan Juran and William Truman IOBC-WPRS Bulletin Bulletin OILB-SROP Vol. 136, 2018 The content of the contributions is in the responsibility of the authors. The IOBC-WPRS Bulletin is published by the International Organization for Biological and Integrated Control of Noxious Animals and Plants, West Palearctic Regional Section (IOBC-WPRS). Le Bulletin OILB-SROP est publié par l‘Organisation Internationale de Lutte Biologique et Intégrée contre les Animaux et les Plantes Nuisibles, section Regionale Ouest Paléarctique (OILB-SROP). Copyright: IOBC-WPRS 2018 The Publication Commission of the IOBC-WPRS: Dr. Ute Koch Dr. Annette Herz Schillerstrasse 13 Julius Kühn-Institute D-69509 Moerlenbach (Germany) Federal Research Center of Cultivated Plants Tel +49-6209-1079 Institute for Biological Control e-mail: [email protected] Heinrichstr. 243 D-64287 Darmstadt (Germany) Tel +49-6151-407-236, Fax +49-6151-407-290 e-mail: [email protected] Address General Secretariat: Dr. Gerben Messelink Wageningen UR Greenhouse Horticulture Violierenweg 1 P.O. Box 20 NL-2665 ZG Bleiswijk, The Netherlands Tel.: +31 (0) 317-485649 e-mail: [email protected] ISBN 978-92-9067-321-7 Web: http://www.iobc-wprs.org Darmstadt, 2018 Welcome at the Faculty of Agriculture of the University of Zagreb! The Faculty of Agriculture at the University of Zagreb has been dedicated, for almost 100 years, in the education of agriculture and its related sciences; to producing highly qualified experts and developing and broadening professional knowledge in this area. In addition to teaching, scientific research is a fundamental activity undertaken in pursuit of our mission – the improvement of the Croatian agricultural sector. Our faculty holds a leading position in Croatian agricultural science due to success of the large number of scientists, scientific projects and publications. Plant protection and ‘phytomedicine’ takes a very important place in the University studies at the Faculty of Agriculture at all three educational stages: at Undergraduate level, and via Graduate and Postgraduate studies; but also in our other activities connected to life- long learning, and services which support the private sector of Croatian agriculture. In our work we strongly support all activities of our scientists, teachers and students in international cooperation. On behalf of this, I am pleased to thank you for your participation in this meeting. I am delighted to welcome all 60 participants of this meeting who come from 11 different European countries to the 17th IOBC Working Group Meeting on Integrated Control in Oilseeds (ICOC) which we are proud to host in our Faculty. I hope you are going to have successful discussions on your topics regarding the current problems encountered in the production, entomology and plant pathology of oilseed crops in Europe. I believe that this meeting will be a stimulus for all of us to establish further cooperation on improving agricultural production with greater efficiency of plant protection. Dean of Faculty Prof. Zoran Grgić, PhD I II Preface The IOBC Working Group on Integrated Control in Oilseeds (ICOC) will meet for the 17th time in Zagreb, Croatia, September 18-20, 2018, to discuss the current problems encountered in the production of oilseed crops in Europe. As we have already noticed in previous years, the problems observed by us in Europe are very similar to those reported in the other parts of the world: problems with pests and diseases, resulting in crop damage and yield loss. The meeting will comprise both joint and separate sessions devoted to entomology and plant pathology of oilseed crops, with the final get-together summarizing our respective discussions. In such a way, we can discuss the technical and experimental details of our work in subgroups of specialists, but also share the most current knowledge on problems in oilseed production with the specialists of the other sub-group. The result – we are double winners, as we can dwell on very detailed aspects of studies that interest us directly, without losing much of the general picture. As usual, the main crop to be discussed is oilseed rape (Brassica napus) – an amazingly versatile crop grown on all continents, from Europe through Asia to North America and Australia. Europe is still the world’s leader with 21.7 million tons harvested in 2015 representing nearly 70% of global production (EuroStat). However, the leading position may be lost, if we do not manage to counteract the yield losses due to increasing pest damages. This year entomologists will dwell on the increasing pressure on insecticidal active ingredients; on one hand the continued development of pest resistance to available compounds and on the other, revocation of the neonicotinoid seed treatments by the EU. Entomologists like to joke that pathologists don’t need to worry about clubroot if farmers live in a hotspot area for cabbage stem flea beetle, as these pests can completely devastate the crop before proper establishment. But it is no joke that many farmers (particularly in UK) are giving up growing oilseed rape due to these problems. We must work together to develop sustainable, alternative control strategies for insect pests of oilseeds that minimize insecticide use and reduce the risk of resistance. Current problems discussed by plant pathologists primarily concern clubroot of oilseed rape caused by the microorganism classified as belonging to the Kingdom of Rhizaria. Ever heard of this Kingdom? If not, please read in this volume of the IOBC Bulletin about the havoc it can cause. Problems with the stem canker of oilseed rape have partially been overcome by the introduction of the Rlm resistance genes and the current step is to combine them with quantitative resistance to biotic and abiotic stress. Also, new molecular techniques will be presented to enable quantification of the pathogens in plant tissues as well as in the soil. But the pathogens ‘never sleep’; new races, pathotypes, lineages as well as resistances to current chemistry and resistance genes are regularly found which pose new threats to oilseed rape production. Against this background, both sub-groups discuss methods for ecology-based IPM strategies that can be realized and that are currently viewed as a need, not just an option! This year we will also meet the newcomer to our group; hemp. Plant breeders obtained dioecious and monoecious hemps, free from hallucinogenic compounds, but producing big quantities of seeds with interesting oil composition. As usual, however, these oilseeds also have many enemies, among them insects, fungi, bacteria and viruses. And they are loved by birds! III Similar to our previous meetings, this meeting will include nearly 60 participants from 11 countries, including Austria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, France, Germany, Poland, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. So many people and countries, but we mostly know each other well. It is not an exaggeration to say we are one big family. As usual in any family, one can expect hot discussions and many different views on the same topic…. but this is why we meet! Surely, it will not be boring! Gosia Jedryczka – Working Group Convenor, Sam Cook – WG sub-convenor, Ivan Juran – the Local Organizer, Giselher Grabenweger – the Liaison Officer of the IOBC-WPRS Sponsors We would like to thank our sponsors: Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences IV Contents Welcome at the Faculty of Agriculture of the University of Zagreb! ....................................... I Preface ....................................................................................................................................... II Sponsors ................................................................................................................................. IV Contents ................................................................................................................................... V Opening plenary lectures An introduction to IOBC and ICOC Giselher Grabenweger ...................................................................................................... 2 Rapeseed production in Croatia and future potential for area and yield increase Milan Pospišil, Ana Pospišil, Marina Brčić .................................................................. 3-5 Resistance monitoring of the most important economically harmful organisms in Croatia – national programme Tanja Gotlin Čuljak, Ivan Juran .................................................................................... 6-7 Joint Session – General papers An overview of pathogen and insect threats to fibre and oilseed hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) and methods for their biocontrol Fatema Bakro, Katarzyna Wielgusz, Marek Bunalski, Malgorzata Jedryczka ........... 9-20 Ecologically-based Integrated Pest Management in oilseed rape: a need not an option Samantha M. Cook ..................................................................................................... 21-22 Biological control of pollen beetles with the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana – the role of UV-protection in open field application Deborah Kaiser, Giselher Grabenweger, Sven Bacher ............................................. 23-24