DOCSLIB.ORG

Rational Antimicrobial Practice in Pediatrics

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Rational Antimicrobial Practice in Pediatrics IAP SPECIALTY SERIES ON Rational Antimicrobial Practice in Pediatrics IAP SPECIALTY SERIES ON Rational Antimicrobial Practice in Pediatrics Second Edition Founder Editor Dr Nitin K Shah Editors Dr Tanu Singhal Consultant Pediatrician and Infectious Disease Kokilaben Dhirubhai Ambani Hospital and Medical Research Institute Mumbai, Maharashtra, India Dr Nitin K Shah Professor and Consultant Department of Pediatrics PD Hinduja Hospital and Medical Research Center Mumbai, Maharashtra, India Co-ordinating Editor Dr Sailesh Gupta Honorary Secretary General Indian Academy of Pediatrics Kailash Darshan, Kennedy Bridge Mumbai, Maharashtra, India Foreword Dr CP Bansal IAP President 2013 Dr Rohit Agrawal IAP President 2012 IAP National Publication House, Gwalior ® JAYPEE BROTHERS MEDICAL PUBLISHERS (P) LTD New Delhi • London • Philadelphia • Panama ® Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd Headquarters Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd 4838/24, Ansari Road, Daryaganj New Delhi 110 002, India Phone: +91-11-43574357 Fax: +91-11-43574314 Email: [email protected] Overseas Offices J.P. Medical Ltd Jaypee-Highlights Medical Publishers Inc. Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers Ltd 83, Victoria Street, London City of Knowledge, Bld. 237, Clayton The Bourse SW1H 0HW (UK) Panama City, Panama 111 South Independence Mall East Phone: +44-2031708910 Phone: + 507-301-0496 Suite 835, Philadelphia, PA 19106, USA Fax: +02-03-0086180 Fax: + 507-301-0499 Phone: + 267-519-9789 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd 17/1-B Babar Road, Block-B, Shaymali Shorakhute, Kathmandu Mohammadpur, Dhaka-1207 Nepal Bangladesh Phone: +00977-9841528578 Mobile: +08801912003485 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Website: www.jaypeebrothers.com Website: www.jaypeedigital.com © 2013, Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any means without the prior permission of the publisher. Inquiries for bulk sales may be solicited at: [email protected] This book has been published in good faith that the contents provided by the contributors contained herein are original, and is intended for educational purposes only. While every effort is made to ensure accuracy of information, the publisher and the editors specifically disclaim any damage, liability, or loss incurred, directly or indirectly, from the use or application of any of the contents of this work. If not specifically stated, all figures and tables are courtesy of the editors. Where appropriate, the readers should consult with a specialist or contact the manufacturer of the drug or device. Rational Antimicrobial Practice in Pediatrics Second Edition : 2013 ISBN: 978-93-5090-363-6 Printed at Ajanta Offset Contributors Apurba Ghosh Keya Mariam Kunnekel Director Consultant Pediatrician Institute of Child Health Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India Kolkata, West Bengal, India KS Laxmi Archana Kher Senior Resident Consultant Pediatrician Department of Pediatrics Ex-Professor of Pediatrics Advance Pediatric Center Seth GS Medical College and KEM Hospital Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education Mumbai, Maharashtra, India and Research Ashok Kapse Chandigarh, India Consultant Pediatrician Kumud P Mehta Surat, Gujarat, India Consultant Pediatric Nephrologist Baldev S Prajapati Bai Jerbai Wadia Hospital for Children Professor Mumbai, Maharashtra, India GCS Medical College Hospital and Lalitha Iyer Research Center Consultant Pediatrician Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India White Plains Hospital Camilla Rodrigues New York, USA Consultant Microbiologist PD Hinduja National Hospital and Mallar Mukherjee Medical Research Center Senior Registrar Mumbai, Maharashtra, India Institute of Child Health Kolkata, West Bengal, India Deepak Karpe Consultant Pediatrician Md Umar Tak Department of Pediatrics Department of Pediatrics KEM Hospital Lady Hardinge Medical College and Pune, Maharashtra, India Assoc Kalawati Saran Childrens’ Hospital Deepchand Khandelwal New Delhi, India Research Officer Department of Pediatrics Meenu Singh All India Institute of Medical Sciences Professor of Pediatrics New Delhi, India Advanced Pediatric Center Postgraduate Institute of Indu Khosla Medical Education and Research Consultant Pediatrician Chandigarh, India Mumbai, Maharashtra, India Jaideep A Gogtay Monjori Mitra Medical Director Associate Professor Cipla Limited Institute of Child Health Mumbai, Maharashtra, India Kolkata, West Bengal, India vi Rational Antimicrobial Practice in Pediatrics MR Lokeshwar Pradnya Gadgil Consultant Pediatrician and Pediatric Consultant Neurologist Hematologist Oncologist Kokilaben Dhirubhai Ambani Hospital Lilavati Hospital Mumbai, Maharashtra, India Mumbai, Maharashtra, India Pratima Shah Neha Gupta Consultant Pediatrician Assitant Consultant in Internal Medicine and Ankur Institute of Child Health Infectious Diseases Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India PD Hinduja National Hospital and Medical Research Center Prawin Kumar Mumbai, Maharashtra, India Pediatric Pulmonology Division Department of Pediatrics Nigam Prakash Narain All India Institute of Medical Sciences Associate Professor Pediatrics New Delhi, India Patna Medical College Patna, Bihar, India Preeti Shanbag Professor and Head Niranjan Shendurnikar Department of Pediatrics Consultant Pediatrician ESI-PGIMSR and MGM Hospital Ankur Hospital, Vadodara, Gujarat, India Mumbai, Maharashtra, India Nishant Verma Rajal B Prajapati Senior Resident Associate Professor All India Institute of Medical Sciences Sheth VS General Hospital New Delhi, India AMC MET Medical College Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India Nitin K Shah Professor and Consultant Raju C Shah Department of Pediatrics Consultant Pediatrician PD Hinduja Hospital and Ankur Institute of Child Health Medical Research Center Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India Mumbai, Maharashtra, India Rakesh Lodha Nupur Ganguly Associate Professor Associate Professor Department of Pediatrics Institute of Child Health All India Institute of Medical Sciences Kolkata, West Bengal, India New Delhi, India Pallavi Bhargava Rasik Shah Consultant Infectious Diseases Consultant Pediatric Surgeon and Allegiance Health Care Laparoscopist Jackson, Michigan, USA PD Hinduja Hospital and Medical Research Institute Pankaj Vohra Mumbai, Maharashtra, India Diplomate of the American Board of Pediatric Gastroenterology Ritabrata Kundu Hepatology and Nutrition Professor of Pediatrics Max Healthcare Institute of Child Health Kolkata, West Bengal, India Poonam Mehta Pediatric Pulmonology Division S Balasubramanian Department of Pediatrics Senior Consultant All India Institute of Medical Sciences Kanchi Kamakoti CHILDS Trust Hospital New Delhi, India Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India Contributors vii Saheli Misra Suhas Prabhu Assistant Professor Consultant Pediatrician Institute of Child Health PD Hinduja National Hospital and Kolkata, West Bengal, India Medical Research Center Mumbai, Maharashtra, India Sangeeta Amladi Head Sumanth Amperayani Medical Services, Kaya Skin Clinic Senior Registrar Kanchi Kamakoti CHILDS Trust Hospital Mumbai, Maharashtra, India Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India Shilpa Kalane Sunit Singhi Neonatologist Professor Department of Pediatrics Department of Pediatrics KEM Hospital Advance Pediatric Center Pune, Maharashtra, India Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India Shinjini Bhatnagar Professor and Head Tanmay Amladi Pediatric Biology Center Consultant Pediatrician, UAE Translational Health Science and Tanu Singhal Technology Institute Consultant Pediatrician and Gurgaon, Haryana, India Infectious Disease Kokilaben Dhirubhai Ambani Hospital Shreya Singh and Medical Research Institute Department of Microbiology Mumbai, Maharashtra, India All India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi, India Uma Ali Consultant Pediatric Nephrologist Simantini Jog Bai Jerbai Wadia Hospital for Children Consultant Microbiologist Mumbai, Maharashtra, India Royal Cornwall Hospital NHS Trust UK Umesh Vaidya Consultant Neonatologist SK Kabra KEM Hospital Pediatric Pulmonology Division Pune, Maharashtra, India Department of Pediatrics All India Institute of Medical Sciences Vandana Gopal Consultant Pediatrician and New Delhi, India Pediatric Intensivist Soonu Udani Vadodara Critical Child Care Center Consultant in Pediatrics and Vadodara, Gujarat, India Pediatric Critical Care PD Hinduja National Hospital and Medical Varinder Singh Research Center Professor of Pediatrics Lady Hardinge Medical College and Mumbai, Maharashtra, India Assoc Kalawati Saran Childrens’ Hospital Soumya Tiwari New Delhi, India Department of Pediatrics Vijay N Yewale Lady Hardinge Medical College and Consultant Pediatrician Assoc Kalawati Saran Children’s Hospital Yewale Hospital and Vashi Criticare New Delhi, India Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India viii Rational Antimicrobial Practice in Pediatrics Vijay V VP Udani Consultant Pediatric Rheumatologist Consultant Pediatric Neurologist Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India PD Hinduja National Hospital and Medical Research Center Vishal Mukhija Mumbai, Maharashtra, India Consultant Pediatrician YK Amdekar Mumbai, Maharashtra, India Consultant Pediatrician Vivek Kak Jaslok Hospital and Research Center Consultant Infectious Diseases Mumbai, Maharashtra, India Alleguiance Health Care Jackson, Michigan, USA Foreword Dear Reader, The book that you hold is the fulfilment of the dreams of the doyens of Indian Academy
Load more

Recommended publications
  • A Small Outbreak of Third Generation Cephem-Resistant Citrobacter
    Jpn. J. Infect. Dis., 57, 2004 Laboratory and Epidemiology Communications A Small Outbreak of Third Generation Cephem-Resistant Citrobacter freundii Infection on a Surgical Ward Toshi Nada*, Hisashi Baba, Kumiko Kawamura2, Teruko Ohkura, Keizo Torii1 and Michio Ohta1 Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya 466-8560, 1Department of Bacteriology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550 and 2Department of Medical Technology, Nagoya University School of Health Sciences, Nagoya 461-8673 Communicated by Yoshichika Arakawa (Accepted June 11, 2004) Citrobacter freundii is a member of family Enterobacteri- from those of type a and b strains. aceae and has been associated with nosocomial infections As previous studies have indicated, third generation in the urinary, respiratory, and biliary tracts of debilitated cephem-resistance of Gram-negative bacteria are due to the hospital patients. C. freundii has an inducible chromosomally hydrolysis of β-lactams by β-lactamases. These β-lactamases encoded cephalosporinase that can inactivate cephamycins include extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL), metallo- and cephalosporins. However, most clinical isolates are β-lactamase, and plasmid-encoded AmpC cephalosporinase sensitive to new third generation cephems and carbapenems. (1-3). ESBL confers variable levels of resistance to cefotaxime, We report here a small outbreak of infection caused by ceftazidime, and other broad-spectrum cephalosporins and third generation cephem-resistant C. freundii on a surgical to monobactams, but has no detectable activity against ward of a university hospital in 2002. We identified four cephamycins and carbapenems, and is relatively sensitive patients with biliary infection and two carrier patients during to sulbactam (1). Plasmid-encoded metallo-β-lactamase July and October.
    [Show full text]
  • Sepsis Caused by Newly Identified Capnocytophaga Canis Following Cat Bites: C
    doi: 10.2169/internalmedicine.9196-17 Intern Med 57: 273-277, 2018 http://internmed.jp 【 CASE REPORT 】 Sepsis Caused by Newly Identified Capnocytophaga canis Following Cat Bites: C. canis Is the Third Candidate along with C. canimorsus and C. cynodegmi Causing Zoonotic Infection Minami Taki 1, Yoshio Shimojima 1, Ayako Nogami 2, Takuhiro Yoshida 1, Michio Suzuki 3, Koichi Imaoka 3, Hiroki Momoi 1 and Norinao Hanyu 1 Abstract: Sepsis caused by a Capnocytophaga canis infection has only been rarely reported. A 67-year-old female with a past medical history of splenectomy was admitted to our hospital with fever and general malaise. She had been bitten by a cat. She showed disseminated intravascular coagulation and multi-organ failure because of severe sepsis. On blood culture, characteristic gram-negative fusiform rods were detected; therefore, a Capnocytophaga species infection was suspected. A nucleotide sequence analysis revealed the species to be C. canis, which was newly identified in 2016. C. canis may have low virulence in humans; however, C. canis with oxidase activity may cause severe zoonotic infection. Key words: Capnocytophaga canis, Capnocytophaga canimorsus, sepsis, oxidase activity (Intern Med 57: 273-277, 2018) (DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.9196-17) Introduction Case Report The genus Capnocytophaga consists of gram-negative A 67-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital with rod-shaped bacteria that reside in the oral cavities of humans general malaise and fever for 3 days starting the day after and domestic animals. Capnocytophaga formerly comprised being bitten by a cat on both her hands. She had a medical eight species (1, 2).
    [Show full text]
  • Infant Antibiotic Exposure Search EMBASE 1. Exp Antibiotic Agent/ 2
    Infant Antibiotic Exposure Search EMBASE 1. exp antibiotic agent/ 2. (Acedapsone or Alamethicin or Amdinocillin or Amdinocillin Pivoxil or Amikacin or Aminosalicylic Acid or Amoxicillin or Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination or Amphotericin B or Ampicillin or Anisomycin or Antimycin A or Arsphenamine or Aurodox or Azithromycin or Azlocillin or Aztreonam or Bacitracin or Bacteriocins or Bambermycins or beta-Lactams or Bongkrekic Acid or Brefeldin A or Butirosin Sulfate or Calcimycin or Candicidin or Capreomycin or Carbenicillin or Carfecillin or Cefaclor or Cefadroxil or Cefamandole or Cefatrizine or Cefazolin or Cefixime or Cefmenoxime or Cefmetazole or Cefonicid or Cefoperazone or Cefotaxime or Cefotetan or Cefotiam or Cefoxitin or Cefsulodin or Ceftazidime or Ceftizoxime or Ceftriaxone or Cefuroxime or Cephacetrile or Cephalexin or Cephaloglycin or Cephaloridine or Cephalosporins or Cephalothin or Cephamycins or Cephapirin or Cephradine or Chloramphenicol or Chlortetracycline or Ciprofloxacin or Citrinin or Clarithromycin or Clavulanic Acid or Clavulanic Acids or clindamycin or Clofazimine or Cloxacillin or Colistin or Cyclacillin or Cycloserine or Dactinomycin or Dapsone or Daptomycin or Demeclocycline or Diarylquinolines or Dibekacin or Dicloxacillin or Dihydrostreptomycin Sulfate or Diketopiperazines or Distamycins or Doxycycline or Echinomycin or Edeine or Enoxacin or Enviomycin or Erythromycin or Erythromycin Estolate or Erythromycin Ethylsuccinate or Ethambutol or Ethionamide or Filipin or Floxacillin or Fluoroquinolones
    [Show full text]
  • B-Lactams: Chemical Structure, Mode of Action and Mechanisms of Resistance
    b-Lactams: chemical structure, mode of action and mechanisms of resistance Ru´ben Fernandes, Paula Amador and Cristina Prudeˆncio This synopsis summarizes the key chemical and bacteriological characteristics of b-lactams, penicillins, cephalosporins, carbanpenems, monobactams and others. Particular notice is given to first-generation to fifth-generation cephalosporins. This review also summarizes the main resistance mechanism to antibiotics, focusing particular attention to those conferring resistance to broad-spectrum cephalosporins by means of production of emerging cephalosporinases (extended-spectrum b-lactamases and AmpC b-lactamases), target alteration (penicillin-binding proteins from methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) and membrane transporters that pump b-lactams out of the bacterial cell. Keywords: b-lactams, chemical structure, mechanisms of resistance, mode of action Historical perspective Alexander Fleming first noticed the antibacterial nature of penicillin in 1928. When working with Antimicrobials must be understood as any kind of agent another bacteriological problem, Fleming observed with inhibitory or killing properties to a microorganism. a contaminated culture of Staphylococcus aureus with Antibiotic is a more restrictive term, which implies the the mold Penicillium notatum. Fleming remarkably saw natural source of the antimicrobial agent. Similarly, under- the potential of this unfortunate event. He dis- lying the term chemotherapeutic is the artificial origin of continued the work that he was dealing with and was an antimicrobial agent by chemical synthesis [1]. Initially, able to describe the compound around the mold antibiotics were considered as small molecular weight and isolates it. He named it penicillin and published organic molecules or metabolites used in response of his findings along with some applications of penicillin some microorganisms against others that inhabit the same [4].
    [Show full text]
  • WHO Report on Surveillance of Antibiotic Consumption: 2016-2018 Early Implementation ISBN 978-92-4-151488-0 © World Health Organization 2018 Some Rights Reserved
    WHO Report on Surveillance of Antibiotic Consumption 2016-2018 Early implementation WHO Report on Surveillance of Antibiotic Consumption 2016 - 2018 Early implementation WHO report on surveillance of antibiotic consumption: 2016-2018 early implementation ISBN 978-92-4-151488-0 © World Health Organization 2018 Some rights reserved. This work is available under the Creative Commons Attribution- NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 IGO licence (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO; https://creativecommons. org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/igo). Under the terms of this licence, you may copy, redistribute and adapt the work for non- commercial purposes, provided the work is appropriately cited, as indicated below. In any use of this work, there should be no suggestion that WHO endorses any specific organization, products or services. The use of the WHO logo is not permitted. If you adapt the work, then you must license your work under the same or equivalent Creative Commons licence. If you create a translation of this work, you should add the following disclaimer along with the suggested citation: “This translation was not created by the World Health Organization (WHO). WHO is not responsible for the content or accuracy of this translation. The original English edition shall be the binding and authentic edition”. Any mediation relating to disputes arising under the licence shall be conducted in accordance with the mediation rules of the World Intellectual Property Organization. Suggested citation. WHO report on surveillance of antibiotic consumption: 2016-2018 early implementation. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2018. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO. Cataloguing-in-Publication (CIP) data.
    [Show full text]
  • E3 Appendix 1 (Part 1 of 2): Search Strategy Used in MEDLINE
    This single copy is for your personal, non-commercial use only. For permission to reprint multiple copies or to order presentation-ready copies for distribution, contact CJHP at [email protected] Appendix 1 (part 1 of 2): Search strategy used in MEDLINE # Searches 1 exp *anti-bacterial agents/ or (antimicrobial* or antibacterial* or antibiotic* or antiinfective* or anti-microbial* or anti-bacterial* or anti-biotic* or anti- infective* or “ß-lactam*” or b-Lactam* or beta-Lactam* or ampicillin* or carbapenem* or cephalosporin* or clindamycin or erythromycin or fluconazole* or methicillin or multidrug or multi-drug or penicillin* or tetracycline* or vancomycin).kf,kw,ti. or (antimicrobial or antibacterial or antiinfective or anti-microbial or anti-bacterial or anti-infective or “ß-lactam*” or b-Lactam* or beta-Lactam* or ampicillin* or carbapenem* or cephalosporin* or c lindamycin or erythromycin or fluconazole* or methicillin or multidrug or multi-drug or penicillin* or tetracycline* or vancomycin).ab. /freq=2 2 alamethicin/ or amdinocillin/ or amdinocillin pivoxil/ or amikacin/ or amoxicillin/ or amphotericin b/ or ampicillin/ or anisomycin/ or antimycin a/ or aurodox/ or azithromycin/ or azlocillin/ or aztreonam/ or bacitracin/ or bacteriocins/ or bambermycins/ or bongkrekic acid/ or brefeldin a/ or butirosin sulfate/ or calcimycin/ or candicidin/ or capreomycin/ or carbenicillin/ or carfecillin/ or cefaclor/ or cefadroxil/ or cefamandole/ or cefatrizine/ or cefazolin/ or cefixime/ or cefmenoxime/ or cefmetazole/ or cefonicid/ or cefoperazone/
    [Show full text]
  • Pharmaceutical Appendix to the Tariff Schedule 2
    Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States (2007) (Rev. 2) Annotated for Statistical Reporting Purposes PHARMACEUTICAL APPENDIX TO THE HARMONIZED TARIFF SCHEDULE Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States (2007) (Rev. 2) Annotated for Statistical Reporting Purposes PHARMACEUTICAL APPENDIX TO THE TARIFF SCHEDULE 2 Table 1. This table enumerates products described by International Non-proprietary Names (INN) which shall be entered free of duty under general note 13 to the tariff schedule. The Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) registry numbers also set forth in this table are included to assist in the identification of the products concerned. For purposes of the tariff schedule, any references to a product enumerated in this table includes such product by whatever name known. ABACAVIR 136470-78-5 ACIDUM LIDADRONICUM 63132-38-7 ABAFUNGIN 129639-79-8 ACIDUM SALCAPROZICUM 183990-46-7 ABAMECTIN 65195-55-3 ACIDUM SALCLOBUZICUM 387825-03-8 ABANOQUIL 90402-40-7 ACIFRAN 72420-38-3 ABAPERIDONUM 183849-43-6 ACIPIMOX 51037-30-0 ABARELIX 183552-38-7 ACITAZANOLAST 114607-46-4 ABATACEPTUM 332348-12-6 ACITEMATE 101197-99-3 ABCIXIMAB 143653-53-6 ACITRETIN 55079-83-9 ABECARNIL 111841-85-1 ACIVICIN 42228-92-2 ABETIMUSUM 167362-48-3 ACLANTATE 39633-62-0 ABIRATERONE 154229-19-3 ACLARUBICIN 57576-44-0 ABITESARTAN 137882-98-5 ACLATONIUM NAPADISILATE 55077-30-0 ABLUKAST 96566-25-5 ACODAZOLE 79152-85-5 ABRINEURINUM 178535-93-8 ACOLBIFENUM 182167-02-8 ABUNIDAZOLE 91017-58-2 ACONIAZIDE 13410-86-1 ACADESINE 2627-69-2 ACOTIAMIDUM 185106-16-5 ACAMPROSATE 77337-76-9
    [Show full text]
  • History of Antimicrobial Agents and Resistant Bacteria
    Research and Reviews History of Antimicrobial Agents and Resistant Bacteria JMAJ 52(2): 103–108, 2009 Tomoo SAGA,*1 Keizo YAMAGUCHI*2 Abstract Antimicrobial chemotherapy has conferred huge benefits on human health. A variety of microorganisms were elucidated to cause infectious diseases in the latter half of the 19th century. Thereafter, antimicrobial chemo- therapy made remarkable advances during the 20th century, resulting in the overly optimistic view that infectious diseases would be conquered in the near future. However, in response to the development of antimicrobial agents, microorganisms that have acquired resistance to drugs through a variety of mechanisms have emerged and continue to plague human beings. In Japan, as in other countries, infectious diseases caused by drug- resistant bacteria are one of the most important problems in daily clinical practice. In the current situation, where multidrug-resistant bacteria have spread widely, options for treatment with antimicrobial agents are limited, and the number of brand new drugs placed on the market is decreasing. Since drug-resistant bacteria have been selected by the use of antimicrobial drugs, the proper use of currently available antimicrobial drugs, as well as efforts to minimize the transmission and spread of resistant bacteria through appropriate infection control, would be the first step in resolving the issue of resistant organisms. Key words Antimicrobial agents, Resistant bacteria, History not achieve beneficial effect, and moreover, Introduction may lead to a worse prognosis. In addition, in a situation where multidrug-resistant organisms Antimicrobial drugs have caused a dramatic have spread widely, there may be quite a limited change not only of the treatment of infectious choice of agents for antimicrobial therapy.
    [Show full text]
  • Surveillance of Antimicrobial Consumption in Europe 2013-2014 SURVEILLANCE REPORT
    SURVEILLANCE REPORT SURVEILLANCE REPORT Surveillance of antimicrobial consumption in Europe in Europe consumption of antimicrobial Surveillance Surveillance of antimicrobial consumption in Europe 2013-2014 2012 www.ecdc.europa.eu ECDC SURVEILLANCE REPORT Surveillance of antimicrobial consumption in Europe 2013–2014 This report of the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) was coordinated by Klaus Weist. Contributing authors Klaus Weist, Arno Muller, Ana Hoxha, Vera Vlahović-Palčevski, Christelle Elias, Dominique Monnet and Ole Heuer. Data analysis: Klaus Weist, Arno Muller and Ana Hoxha. Acknowledgements The authors would like to thank the ESAC-Net Disease Network Coordination Committee members (Marcel Bruch, Philippe Cavalié, Herman Goossens, Jenny Hellman, Susan Hopkins, Stephanie Natsch, Anna Olczak-Pienkowska, Ajay Oza, Arjana Tambić Andrasevic, Peter Zarb) and observers (Jane Robertson, Arno Muller, Mike Sharland, Theo Verheij) for providing valuable comments and scientific advice during the production of the report. All ESAC-Net participants and National Coordinators are acknowledged for providing data and valuable comments on this report. The authors also acknowledge Gaetan Guyodo, Catalin Albu and Anna Renau-Rosell for managing the data and providing technical support to the participating countries. Suggested citation: European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Surveillance of antimicrobial consumption in Europe, 2013‒2014. Stockholm: ECDC; 2018. Stockholm, May 2018 ISBN 978-92-9498-187-5 ISSN 2315-0955
    [Show full text]
  • Fundamentals of Antimicrobial Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics Alexander A
    Alexander A. Vinks · Hartmut Derendorf Johan W. Mouton Editors Fundamentals of Antimicrobial Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics Alexander A. Vinks • Hartmut Derendorf Johan W. Mouton Editors Fundamentals of Antimicrobial Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics Editors Alexander A. Vinks Hartmut Derendorf Division of Clinical Pharmacology Department of Pharmaceutics Cincinnati Children’s Hospital University of Florida Medical Center and Department of Gainesville College of Pharmacy Pediatrics Gainesville , FL , USA University of Cincinnati College of Medicine Cincinnati , OH , USA Johan W. Mouton Department of Medical Microbiology Radboudumc, Radboud University Nijmegen Nijmegen, The Netherlands ISBN 978-0-387-75612-7 ISBN 978-0-387-75613-4 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-0-387-75613-4 Springer New York Heidelberg Dordrecht London Library of Congress Control Number: 2013953328 © Springer Science+Business Media New York 2014 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifi cally the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfi lms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. Exempted from this legal reservation are brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis or material supplied specifi cally for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the Copyright Law of the Publisher’s location, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer.
    [Show full text]
  • European Surveillance of Healthcare-Associated Infections in Intensive Care Units
    TECHNICAL DOCUMENT European surveillance of healthcare-associated infections in intensive care units HAI-Net ICU protocol Protocol version 1.02 www.ecdc.europa.eu ECDC TECHNICAL DOCUMENT European surveillance of healthcare- associated infections in intensive care units HAI-Net ICU protocol, version 1.02 This technical document of the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) was coordinated by Carl Suetens. In accordance with the Staff Regulations for Officials and Conditions of Employment of Other Servants of the European Union and the ECDC Independence Policy, ECDC staff members shall not, in the performance of their duties, deal with a matter in which, directly or indirectly, they have any personal interest such as to impair their independence. This is version 1.02 of the HAI-Net ICU protocol. Differences between versions 1.01 (December 2010) and 1.02 are purely editorial. Suggested citation: European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. European surveillance of healthcare- associated infections in intensive care units – HAI-Net ICU protocol, version 1.02. Stockholm: ECDC; 2015. Stockholm, March 2015 ISBN 978-92-9193-627-4 doi 10.2900/371526 Catalogue number TQ-04-15-186-EN-N © European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, 2015 Reproduction is authorised, provided the source is acknowledged. TECHNICAL DOCUMENT HAI-Net ICU protocol, version 1.02 Table of contents Abbreviations ...............................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Federal Register / Vol. 60, No. 80 / Wednesday, April 26, 1995 / Notices DIX to the HTSUS—Continued
    20558 Federal Register / Vol. 60, No. 80 / Wednesday, April 26, 1995 / Notices DEPARMENT OF THE TREASURY Services, U.S. Customs Service, 1301 TABLE 1.ÐPHARMACEUTICAL APPEN- Constitution Avenue NW, Washington, DIX TO THE HTSUSÐContinued Customs Service D.C. 20229 at (202) 927±1060. CAS No. Pharmaceutical [T.D. 95±33] Dated: April 14, 1995. 52±78±8 ..................... NORETHANDROLONE. A. W. Tennant, 52±86±8 ..................... HALOPERIDOL. Pharmaceutical Tables 1 and 3 of the Director, Office of Laboratories and Scientific 52±88±0 ..................... ATROPINE METHONITRATE. HTSUS 52±90±4 ..................... CYSTEINE. Services. 53±03±2 ..................... PREDNISONE. 53±06±5 ..................... CORTISONE. AGENCY: Customs Service, Department TABLE 1.ÐPHARMACEUTICAL 53±10±1 ..................... HYDROXYDIONE SODIUM SUCCI- of the Treasury. NATE. APPENDIX TO THE HTSUS 53±16±7 ..................... ESTRONE. ACTION: Listing of the products found in 53±18±9 ..................... BIETASERPINE. Table 1 and Table 3 of the CAS No. Pharmaceutical 53±19±0 ..................... MITOTANE. 53±31±6 ..................... MEDIBAZINE. Pharmaceutical Appendix to the N/A ............................. ACTAGARDIN. 53±33±8 ..................... PARAMETHASONE. Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the N/A ............................. ARDACIN. 53±34±9 ..................... FLUPREDNISOLONE. N/A ............................. BICIROMAB. 53±39±4 ..................... OXANDROLONE. United States of America in Chemical N/A ............................. CELUCLORAL. 53±43±0
    [Show full text]