IAP SPECIALTY SERIES ON Rational Antimicrobial Practice in Pediatrics IAP SPECIALTY SERIES ON Rational Antimicrobial Practice in Pediatrics Second Edition Founder Editor Dr Nitin K Shah Editors Dr Tanu Singhal Consultant Pediatrician and Infectious Disease Kokilaben Dhirubhai Ambani Hospital and Medical Research Institute Mumbai, Maharashtra, India Dr Nitin K Shah Professor and Consultant Department of Pediatrics PD Hinduja Hospital and Medical Research Center Mumbai, Maharashtra, India Co-ordinating Editor Dr Sailesh Gupta Honorary Secretary General Indian Academy of Pediatrics Kailash Darshan, Kennedy Bridge Mumbai, Maharashtra, India Foreword Dr CP Bansal IAP President 2013 Dr Rohit Agrawal IAP President 2012 IAP National Publication House, Gwalior ® JAYPEE BROTHERS MEDICAL PUBLISHERS (P) LTD New Delhi • London • Philadelphia • Panama ® Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd Headquarters Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd 4838/24, Ansari Road, Daryaganj New Delhi 110 002, India Phone: +91-11-43574357 Fax: +91-11-43574314 Email: [email protected] Overseas Offices J.P. 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Rational Antimicrobial Practice in Pediatrics Second Edition : 2013 ISBN: 978-93-5090-363-6 Printed at Ajanta Offset Contributors Apurba Ghosh Keya Mariam Kunnekel Director Consultant Pediatrician Institute of Child Health Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India Kolkata, West Bengal, India KS Laxmi Archana Kher Senior Resident Consultant Pediatrician Department of Pediatrics Ex-Professor of Pediatrics Advance Pediatric Center Seth GS Medical College and KEM Hospital Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education Mumbai, Maharashtra, India and Research Ashok Kapse Chandigarh, India Consultant Pediatrician Kumud P Mehta Surat, Gujarat, India Consultant Pediatric Nephrologist Baldev S Prajapati Bai Jerbai Wadia Hospital for Children Professor Mumbai, Maharashtra, India GCS Medical College Hospital and Lalitha Iyer Research Center Consultant Pediatrician Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India White Plains Hospital Camilla Rodrigues New York, USA Consultant Microbiologist PD Hinduja National Hospital and Mallar Mukherjee Medical Research Center Senior Registrar Mumbai, Maharashtra, India Institute of Child Health Kolkata, West Bengal, India Deepak Karpe Consultant Pediatrician Md Umar Tak Department of Pediatrics Department of Pediatrics KEM Hospital Lady Hardinge Medical College and Pune, Maharashtra, India Assoc Kalawati Saran Childrens’ Hospital Deepchand Khandelwal New Delhi, India Research Officer Department of Pediatrics Meenu Singh All India Institute of Medical Sciences Professor of Pediatrics New Delhi, India Advanced Pediatric Center Postgraduate Institute of Indu Khosla Medical Education and Research Consultant Pediatrician Chandigarh, India Mumbai, Maharashtra, India Jaideep A Gogtay Monjori Mitra Medical Director Associate Professor Cipla Limited Institute of Child Health Mumbai, Maharashtra, India Kolkata, West Bengal, India vi Rational Antimicrobial Practice in Pediatrics MR Lokeshwar Pradnya Gadgil Consultant Pediatrician and Pediatric Consultant Neurologist Hematologist Oncologist Kokilaben Dhirubhai Ambani Hospital Lilavati Hospital Mumbai, Maharashtra, India Mumbai, Maharashtra, India Pratima Shah Neha Gupta Consultant Pediatrician Assitant Consultant in Internal Medicine and Ankur Institute of Child Health Infectious Diseases Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India PD Hinduja National Hospital and Medical Research Center Prawin Kumar Mumbai, Maharashtra, India Pediatric Pulmonology Division Department of Pediatrics Nigam Prakash Narain All India Institute of Medical Sciences Associate Professor Pediatrics New Delhi, India Patna Medical College Patna, Bihar, India Preeti Shanbag Professor and Head Niranjan Shendurnikar Department of Pediatrics Consultant Pediatrician ESI-PGIMSR and MGM Hospital Ankur Hospital, Vadodara, Gujarat, India Mumbai, Maharashtra, India Nishant Verma Rajal B Prajapati Senior Resident Associate Professor All India Institute of Medical Sciences Sheth VS General Hospital New Delhi, India AMC MET Medical College Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India Nitin K Shah Professor and Consultant Raju C Shah Department of Pediatrics Consultant Pediatrician PD Hinduja Hospital and Ankur Institute of Child Health Medical Research Center Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India Mumbai, Maharashtra, India Rakesh Lodha Nupur Ganguly Associate Professor Associate Professor Department of Pediatrics Institute of Child Health All India Institute of Medical Sciences Kolkata, West Bengal, India New Delhi, India Pallavi Bhargava Rasik Shah Consultant Infectious Diseases Consultant Pediatric Surgeon and Allegiance Health Care Laparoscopist Jackson, Michigan, USA PD Hinduja Hospital and Medical Research Institute Pankaj Vohra Mumbai, Maharashtra, India Diplomate of the American Board of Pediatric Gastroenterology Ritabrata Kundu Hepatology and Nutrition Professor of Pediatrics Max Healthcare Institute of Child Health Kolkata, West Bengal, India Poonam Mehta Pediatric Pulmonology Division S Balasubramanian Department of Pediatrics Senior Consultant All India Institute of Medical Sciences Kanchi Kamakoti CHILDS Trust Hospital New Delhi, India Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India Contributors vii Saheli Misra Suhas Prabhu Assistant Professor Consultant Pediatrician Institute of Child Health PD Hinduja National Hospital and Kolkata, West Bengal, India Medical Research Center Mumbai, Maharashtra, India Sangeeta Amladi Head Sumanth Amperayani Medical Services, Kaya Skin Clinic Senior Registrar Kanchi Kamakoti CHILDS Trust Hospital Mumbai, Maharashtra, India Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India Shilpa Kalane Sunit Singhi Neonatologist Professor Department of Pediatrics Department of Pediatrics KEM Hospital Advance Pediatric Center Pune, Maharashtra, India Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India Shinjini Bhatnagar Professor and Head Tanmay Amladi Pediatric Biology Center Consultant Pediatrician, UAE Translational Health Science and Tanu Singhal Technology Institute Consultant Pediatrician and Gurgaon, Haryana, India Infectious Disease Kokilaben Dhirubhai Ambani Hospital Shreya Singh and Medical Research Institute Department of Microbiology Mumbai, Maharashtra, India All India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi, India Uma Ali Consultant Pediatric Nephrologist Simantini Jog Bai Jerbai Wadia Hospital for Children Consultant Microbiologist Mumbai, Maharashtra, India Royal Cornwall Hospital NHS Trust UK Umesh Vaidya Consultant Neonatologist SK Kabra KEM Hospital Pediatric Pulmonology Division Pune, Maharashtra, India Department of Pediatrics All India Institute of Medical Sciences Vandana Gopal Consultant Pediatrician and New Delhi, India Pediatric Intensivist Soonu Udani Vadodara Critical Child Care Center Consultant in Pediatrics and Vadodara, Gujarat, India Pediatric Critical Care PD Hinduja National Hospital and Medical Varinder Singh Research Center Professor of Pediatrics Lady Hardinge Medical College and Mumbai, Maharashtra, India Assoc Kalawati Saran Childrens’ Hospital Soumya Tiwari New Delhi, India Department of Pediatrics Vijay N Yewale Lady Hardinge Medical College and Consultant Pediatrician Assoc Kalawati Saran Children’s Hospital Yewale Hospital and Vashi Criticare New Delhi, India Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India viii Rational Antimicrobial Practice in Pediatrics Vijay V VP Udani Consultant Pediatric Rheumatologist Consultant Pediatric Neurologist Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India PD Hinduja National Hospital and Medical Research Center Vishal Mukhija Mumbai, Maharashtra, India Consultant Pediatrician YK Amdekar Mumbai, Maharashtra, India Consultant Pediatrician Vivek Kak Jaslok Hospital and Research Center Consultant Infectious Diseases Mumbai, Maharashtra, India Alleguiance Health Care Jackson, Michigan, USA Foreword Dear Reader, The book that you hold is the fulfilment of the dreams of the doyens of Indian Academy