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INFORMATION to USERS the Most Advanced Technology Has Been INFORMATION TO USERS The most advanced technology has been used to photo­ graph and reproduce this manuscript from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are re­ produced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. These are also available as one exposure on a standard 35mm slide or as a 17" x 23" black and white photographic print for an additional charge. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6" x 9" black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. UMI University Microfilms International A Bell & Howell Information Company 300 North Zeeb Road. Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 USA 313/761-4700 800/521-0600 Order Number 8918677 Reliability and validity of a human figure drawing screening measure to identify emotional or behavioral disorders in children McNeish, Timothy Jay, Ph.D. The Ohio State University, 1989 Copyright ©1989 by McNeish, Timothy Jay. All rights reserved. UMI 300 N. Zeeb Rd. Ann Arbor, Ml 48106 RELIABILITY AND VALIDITY OF A HUMAN FIGURE DRAWING SCREENING MEASURE TO IDENTIFY EMOTIONAL OR BEHAVIORAL DISORDERS IN CHILDREN DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of the (Miio State University By Timothy Jay McNeish, B.S., MA ********** The Ohio State University 1989 Dissertation Committee; Approved by H. Leland, Ph. D. P. Post, Ph. D. W. B. Walsh, Ph.D. reri,Ph. D. Adviser Department of Educational Services and Research Copyright by Timothy Jay McNeish 1989 Writing a book is ai adventure; to begin with it is a toy and an anusement, then it becomes a master, and then it becomes a lyrait ; aid the last phaœ is just as you are about to be reconciled to your servitude - you kill the monster and fling him... to the public. - Sir Winston Churchill To My Parents ACKNOWLEDGMENTS My sincere appreciation goes out to the hundreds of students who participated in this project, end to the administrators æd staff members at each facility who tolerated my presence and æsisted in the data collection. I am indebted to my dissertation committee members, Dr. Jack Naglieri, Dr. W. Bruce Walsh, Dr. Henry Leland, and Dr. Phyllis Post for their helpful suggestions Ëx)ut this project and for their teachings and contributions throughout the doctoral program. I am especially thankful for the encouragement aid expertise offered by Dr. Naglieri who chaired my dissertation conmittee and served as my adviser. His friendship and scholarship have been invaluable. I am also indebted to those who served as research assistants for this stud/: Judy McNeish, Betty Carver, Barbara Bell, and Kathy Renard. The precision and effort with which they worked greatly contributed to the project's completion. 1 am also very appreciative of the frequent words of encouragement shared by these friends, and by many other friends and family members. This dissertation is dedicated to my parents, John and Donna McNeish. Throuÿwut my development they have encouraged every goal, applauded every accomplishment, aid accepted every shortcoming. They have provided as fine of models as a son could wish for and any positive contribution I might mdce as a person or a professional is a direct reflection of them. For all of this, I express my sincere gratitude The contributions of my wife, Judy, toward the completion of this project aid of the doctoral deyee have been beyond measure. She made innumerable personal sacrifices, showed tolerance of my absence from home, and displayed patience with my work pace and project iii preoccupations. For her faith in my abilities and the love, support, and encouragement she offered at every stage, I am deeply and forever ^preciative. I recognize her contributions with love and pride. iv VITA June 6,1957 ........................................................Born - Zanesville, Ohio 1979 ..................................................................... B. S., The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 1979-1981 ......................................................... Student Personnel Assistent The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 198 1..................................................................... M. A, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 1981-1984 ......................................................Psychology Assistait Moundbuilders Guidance Center Newffl'k,Ohio 198 2 ................................................................... Adjunct Faculty, Park College Newark, Ohio 1984-1986 ........................................................ Graduate Research Associate The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 1985 .................................................................... Graduate Research Associate Ctrarles Merrill Publishing Oompaiy Columbus, Ohio 1986-198 7 ......................................................... Psycholog/Intern Moundbuilders Guidance Center Newark, Ohio 1987-Presen t ..................................................... Psychology Intern Psychological Associates Newark, Ohio PUBLICATIONS McNeish, I. J. & Price, P. S. ( 1986). Criterion-related validity of the Matrix Analogies Test - Short Form in the assessment of the hearing impaired [Summary]. Proceedinos of the 18th Annual Convention of tl% National Association of School Psvcholooists. pp. 281-282. FIELDS OF STUDY Major Field: Counseling Studies in Psychodiagnostic and Developmental Assessment, Neuropsychology, Counseling Psychology, Cognitive Psychology, and Social Psychology Vi TABLE OF CONTENTS DEDICATION..................................................................................................... ii ACKN0WLEW3MENTS............................................................ iii VITA................................................................................................................. V LIST OF TABLES................................................................................................ viii LIST OF FIGURES............................................................................................. x CHAPTER PAGE I. INTRODUCTION......................................................................................... 1 II. REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE.................................................................. II III. METHODOLOGY......................................................................................... 45 IV. RESULTS.................................................................................................. 61 V. DISCUSSION............................................................................................. 81 APPENDICES A. Administration Instructions ................................................................... 90 B. Preliminary Scorit^ Manual .................................................................. 91 C. Final Scoring Manual ..............................................................................105 D. Slanted Figure Scoring Template. ........................................................... 116 REFERENCES.....................................................................................................! I? v ii LIST OF TABLES TABLE PAGE 1. Empirical Findings for Validity of HFD Structural or Formal Items ..................................................................................... 34 2. Empirical Findings for Validity of HFD Content Items ...................... 35 3. Normal Group Characteristics by Region and Age ............................... 46 4. Normal Group Characteristics by Race and Age ...................................47 5. Exceptional Group CM'acteristics by Collection Site and Age ............................................................................................... 50 6. Exertional Group Characteristics by Race and Age ......................... 51 7. Percentage of Item-Agreement by Rate^ on Competency Exam..................................................................................................62 8. Cut-off Scores for Structural Items on the Preliminary Scale................................................................................................ 63 9. Frequency of Occurrence for Each Prelimirwy Scale Item Among Normal Subjects (n = 186) on the Man, Woman, æd Self Drawings, and the Mean Occurrence Across All Three Drawings ......................................................................................... 64 vin 10. Percentage of Intra-rater and Inter-rater Item-Agreranent for 25 Drawings .............................................................................
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