3906 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 5, 19'19 tation of medicare; to the Committee on In­ By Mr. YOUNG of Florida: H.R. 30: Mr. COLEMAN . terstate and Foreign Commerce. H .R. 2613. A bill to regulate lobbying and H.R. 90: Mr. CHENEY, Mr. CLINGER, Mr. By Mr. PRICE (for himself and Mr. related activities; to the Committee on the COURTER, Mr. DAVIS of Michigan, Mr. EDWARDS BOB WILSON): Judiciary. of Oklahoma, Mr. JENRETTE, and Mr. STUMP. H.R. 2603. A bill to authorize appropria­ H .R . 2614. A bill to amend the Immigration H .R. 279: Mr. ANDERSON of California, Mr. tions for the Department of Energy for na­ and Nationality Act, and for other purposes; BEDELL, Mr. BONIOR of Michigan, Mr. CARR, tional security programs for fiscal year 1980, to the Committee on the Judiciary. Mr. LAFALCE , Mr. MAGUIRE, Mr. MATSUI, Mr. and for other purposes; to the Committee on By Mr. PREYER: MOAKLEY , Mr. ROYBAL , Mr. SCHEUER, Mr. Armed Services. H.J. Res. 238. Joint resolution to authorize SEIBERLING, and Mr. WOLPE. By Mr. ROUSSELOT: and request the President to proclaim the H .R. 281: Mr. ANDERSON Of California, Mr. H.R. 2604. A bill to repeal the carryover week of September 16 through 22, 1979, as ATKINSON, Mr. BEDELL , Mr. BONIOR of Mich­ basis provisions added by the Tax Reform "National Meals on Wheels Week" ; to the igan, Mr. BUCHANAN, Mr. CARR, Mr. HOLLEN­ Act of 1976; to the Committee on Ways and Committee on Post Office and Civil Service. BECK, Mr. LAFALCE , Mr. MAGUIRE , Mr. MATSUI, Means. Mr. MINETA, Mr. MOAKLEY, Mr. ROYBAL, Mr. H.R. 2605. A bill to amend title II of the SCHEUER, Mr. SEIBERLING, Mr. WAXMAN, Mr. Social Security Act to provid·e that re­ MEMORIALS WEISS, and Mr. WOLPE. newal commissions, received by a retired in­ H .R . 300: Mr. ANDERSON of California, Mr. surance agent from life insurance policies Under clause 4 of rule XXII, memorials ATKINSON, Mr. AUCOIN, Mr. BONIOR Of Michi­ which were sold by him before his retire­ were presented and referred as follows: gan, Mr. CARR, Mr. HOLLENBECK, Mr. LAFALCE, ment, shall not be taken into account in Mr. MAGUIRE, Mr. MATSUI, Mr. MOAKLEY, Mr. determining his net earnings from self-em­ 49. By the SPEAKER : Memorial of the Legislature of the State of Texas, relative to ROYBAL, Mr. SCHEUER , Mr. VENTO , Mr. WEISS, ployment for purposes of the earnings test; and Mr. WOLPE . to the Committee on Ways and Means. agricultural policy; to the Committee on Ag­ riculture. H .R. 1843: Mr. BEDELL, Mr. BoNroR of Michi­ By Mr. SCHEUER: gan, Mr. BUCHANAN, Mr. CARR, Mr. EDWARDS H.R. 2606. A bill to amend the Toxic Sub­ 50. Also, memorial of the House of Repre­ of California, Mr. MINETA, Mr. MoAKLEY, Mr. stances Control Act to extend the authoriza­ sentatives of the State of Hawaii, relative to ROYBAL, Mr. SCHEUER, and Mr. WEISS. tion of appropriations contained in such act; establishing a strategic petroleum reserve H .R. 2036 : Mr. SOLARZ, Mr. EDGAR , Mr. LEACH to the Committee on Interstate and Foreign capacity for the State of Hawaii; to the Com­ of Louisiana, and Mr. MAzzoLI. Commerce. mittee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce. H.J. Res. 14: Mr. PHILIP M. CRANE, Mr. By Mr. SEBELIUS : 51. Also, memorial of the Legislature of the HILLIS, Mr. TRIBLE, Mr. GOODLING, Mr. WAT­ H.R. 2607. A bill to authorize and direct State of Arkansas, requesting that Congress KINS, Mr. ROTH, Mr. JEFFRIES, Mrs. SNOWE, the Secretary of the Interior to construct propose, or call a conven.tion for the specific Mr. YATRON, Mr. BEVILL, Mr. STACK, Mr. additional drainage facilities for the Kansas­ and exclusive purpose of proposing, an MARLENEE, Mr. APPLEGATE , Mr. WON PAT, Mr. Bostwick Unit, Pick-Sloan Missouri Basin amendment to the Constitution of the United GRADISON, Mr. BOB WILSON, Mr. CARTER, Mr. program; to the Committee on Interior and States to require a balanced Federal budget DANNEMEYER, Mr. DECKARD, Mr. DAN DANIEL, Insular Affairs. in the absence of a national emergency; to Mr. EVANS of Georgia, and Mr. MYERS of By Mr. UDALL: the Committee on the Judiciary. Indiana. H .R. 2608. A bill to authorize appropria­ 52. Also, memorial of the Legislature of the H.J. Res. 39: Mr. GINGRICH and Mr. Mc­ tions to the Nuclear Regulatory Commis­ State of Texas, reaffirming its earlier call for DONALD. sion in accordance with section 261 of the an amendment to the Constitution of the H.J. Res. 201: Mr. GINGRICH and Mr. GINN. Atomic Energy Act of 1954, as amended, and United States requiring a balanced annual H. Res. 106: Mrs. BYRON, Mr. BONER of section 305 of the Energy Reorganization Act Tennessee, Mr. BoNIOR of Michigan, Mr. of 1974, as amended, and for other purposes; Federal budget; to the Committee on the Judiciary. FORD of Tennessee, Mr. EDGAR, Mr. LEACH o! to the Committee on Interior and Insular Louisiana, Mr. MAGUIRE, Mr. MARKEY, Mr. Affairs. HARRIS, and Mr. RINALDO. By Mr. UDALL (by request) : PRIVATE BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS H.R. 2609. A bill to increase the appropria­ tions ceiling for title I of the Colorado River Under clause 1 of rule XXII, private Basin Salinity Control Act (act of June 24, bills and resolutions were introduced and PETITIONS, ETC. 1974; 88 Stat. 266) , and for other purposes; severally referred as follows: Under clause 1 of rule XXII, petitions to the Committee on Interior and Insular By Mr. DAN DANIEL: and papers were laid on the Clerk's desk Affairs. H.R. 2615. A bill for the relief of Mrs. and referred as follows: H.R. 2610. A bill to amend the Water Re­ Frances M. Butler; to the Committee on the 68. By the SPEAKER: Petition of the sources Planning Act (79 Stat. 244, as Judiciary. amended); to the Committee on Interior and board of supervisors of the city and county Insular Affairs. By Mr. MAZZOLI: of San Francisco, Calif., relative to defense By Mr. UDALL (for himself and Mr. H .R . 2616. A bill for the relief of McNamara spending; to the Committee on Government BINGHAM); Construction of Manitoba, Limited, of Wil­ Operations. H.R. 2611. A bill to provide for the licens­ lowdale, Ontario, Canada; to the Committee 69. Also, petition of the National Water ing of Department of Energy facilities pri­ on the Judiciary. Supply Improvement Association, Ipswich, marily used for the receipt and storage of By Ms. MIKULSKI (by request): Mass., relative to the Federal desalination commercial spent fuel; to the Committee on H .R. 2617. A bill for the relief of Rosario program; to the Committee on Interior and Interior and Insular Affairs. Bautista; to the Committee on the Judiciary. Insular Affairs. By Mr. BOB WILSON (for himself and 70. Also, petition of the National Associa­ Mr. JOHNSON of California): tion of Regulatory Utility Commissioners, H.R. 2612. A bill to amend the Trade Act ADDITIONAL SPONSORS Washington, D.C., relative to the tax treat­ of 1974 to improve procedures relating to the ment of the cost of removal upon retirement determination of certain unfair foreign trade Under clause 4 of rule XXII, sponsors of a public utility plant, and the treatment practices; . to the Committee on Ways and were added to public bills and resolutions of investment tax credit; to the Committee Means. as follows: on Ways and Means.

EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS

SHRINERS ARE BEHIND-THE­ has spent a lifetime helping his fellow The club does not hold weekly luncheon SCENES CIVIC CLUB man through his work with the Shrine meetings, hear guest speakers or send bul­ clubs. His work was recently praised in letins to newspapers. But when a burn victim here needs help, an article in the Thomasville, Ga., those in the know think immediately of the HON. DAWSON MATHIS Times-Enterprise which I insert at this Shriners and the club's ambassador-at-large, OF GEORGIA time: Joseph N. Rosolio. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES SHRINERS ARE BEHIND-THE-SCENES CIVIC CLUB Rosolio, a 77-year-old Thomasville busi­ (By Wendy Freedman) nessman, has the often-thankless job of ask- Monday, March 5, 1979 ing people to remember the Shriners in their Their work is inconspicuous-until one wills, talking distraught parents into accept­ • Mr. MATHIS. Mr. Speaker, I rise to­ sees the youngsters the Shriner's Club here ing free medical care and arranging trans­ day to praise one of my constituents who has helped. portation for patients.

• This "bullet" symbol identifies statements or insertions which are not spoken by the Member on the floor. March 5, 1979 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 13907 To Rosolio, however, wearing a hat that CHILD OF THE SEVENTIES: A man. This heritage, I believe, will be passed looks like an upside down flower pot has its UNIQUE CHILD on by my generation. The child of the 70's is rewards. a unique child. He is well educated and pro­ "Having no children of my own, I love tected with the greatest medical technologies children and love to help children in dis­ HON. TOBY ROTH the world has ever seen. He has seen the social and economic upheavals of the 60's: The Civil tress," he said. OF WISCONSIN And even though doctors will say, 'See Joe Rights Movement, the Viet Nam War, bomb­ Rosolio, he'll help your child,' Rosolio prefers IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ings, and demonstrations. He is strengthened to talk about the Shriners than himself. Monday, March 5, 1979 and taught a valuable lesson through their He'd rather talk about the 85 other Shrin­ examples. America will survive but only if we ers in Thomas County, the organization's 19 • Mr. ROTH. Mr. Speaker, the child of take an active voice-not an apathetic and orthopedic hospitals and three burns insti­ the seventies is a unique child. That uncaring attitude. tutes and the people who have been helped theme is woven through an excellent es­ Why do I care about America? How do you by the hospitals. say by Kathleen Ann Hoida;, of Luxem­ put into words the gratitude one feels for be­ "If we hear of someone ( in need) , we are burg, Wis., one of my constituents. ing able to vote, for being able to choose my anxious to help," Rosolio said. own career, to worship in the church of my Currently the Thomas County Shriners Miss Hoida is the Wisconsin winner of choice, to form my own opinions and to make have placed two youngsters from Thomasville the 1978-79 Veterans of Foreign Wars them known. How do we thank the men who and one from Moultrie in hospitals. ''Voice of Democracy" scholarship pro­ defended America when at war or those who One boy from Ochlochnee needed an oper­ grqpi. did not return home at war's end? ation to correct curvature of the spine, he It is reassuring to know that young I care for America because I'm indebted to said. people such as Kathleen have grasped those men who fought for our country and "The mother was crying. The operation the real meaning of America's past, those who continue to fight to keep it free. would cost around $25,000. She didn't have present, and future. She has clearly artic­ I care for America because she strives to­ the money. So someone said, 'Call Joe.' ward giving people an equal opportunity. "The parents were afraid to take charity, I ulated the problems as well as the great I care for America because being able to was told," Rosolio said. "I said to bring them possibilities for the United States, plac­ call myself an American citizen is an heir­ to my store and I would talk to them. I said, ing them in their proper perspective. loom passed down to us by our forefathers. 'People leave money for this. If you don't use I am pleased to bring Kathleen's essay It's only right that we cherish this gift-it's it someone else will. Would you deprive your to the attention of my colleagues, with priceless. boy of this operation?'" the hope that they will pause for a few I care for America because in 200 years The boy went and his height has already minutes to read the words of a very we've seen this nation rise from a young and increased three inches, Rosolio said. inexperienced nation to fifty united states. Rosolio has become a master of diplomacy ''unique child of the seventies." We've suffered and celebrated with her and in convincing skeptical parents that accept­ VFW VOICE OF DEMOCRACY WISCONSIN felt those growing pains. Now the child of ing charity is the right thing to do in these WINNER, KATHLEEN ANN HOIDA the 70's is faced with the monumental chal­ cases. America. For two hundred years we've lenge of preserving the heritage our fore­ "I explain a child will not benefit withou<:; laughed with her, cried with her. We've fathers lived, worked and died for. It's our the facility," he said. "Parental attitudes fought for her freedom and we've fought to turn now. Through caring and taking an ac­ change when they see the improvements in keep her free. She was built on the principle tive voice we will preserve a nation that our their children." that all men are created equal. To us she children will be proud of. America. I care for The improvements are sometimes just means baseball, hotdogs, apple pie and her. I'm proud to call her my home.e short of miracles. Chevrolet. But to the millions of immigrants He recalled a Cairo woman who was burned who have been greeted by the Statue of in a fire seven years ago. She is to be married Liberty in the New York Harbor, America NORTH DAKOTA VFW VOICE OF this month, he said. means freedom from persecution and hopes DEMOCRACY WINNER "Her whole body was scorched and of a better life ahead. charred," he recalled. Men with stamina, insight and courage Branda Greene had stood too close to her mad'e America what she is today. Men with a family fireplace when she was 13. dream to fulfill. Men caring for their fellow HON. MARK ANDREWS She was burned over more than 59 per­ men. That word, caring. It's a simple six OF NORTH DAKOTA cent of her body and spent five months at letter word, but it encompasses a vast spec­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the Shriner's Burns Institute in Galveston, trum of words and deeds so characteristic of Texas. our American heritage. Monday, March 5, 1979 After being unconscious because of burn George Washington proved he cared when e Mr. ANDREWS of North Dakota. Mr. poisoning as well as needing plastic surgery he accepted the presidency of a young and Speaker, I am again pleased and proud and skin grafts, Miss Greene is now a Val­ inexperienced nation. Good. old American ingenuity and the to submit for the RECORD the winning dosta State College student. wanting to better life for the American North Dakota entry in the Voice of De­ She wrote Rosolio a letter last year to people led Eli Whitney to invent the cotton mocracy contest sponsored by the VFW thank him for his help. gin in 1793, and McCormick to invent the and its auxiliary. "In most cases I don't know them before reaper some thirty year_s later. Vanessa Tronson of Hillsboro, N. Dak., the accident or operation,'' he said, "But Abraham Lincoln proved he cared for his is this year's winner in our State. The afterwards they stop by." fellow man when he instituted the Emanci­ pation Proclamation. daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Forrest Tron­ Rosolio, a member of the Hasan Temple, in Albany, is ambassador for the South Georgia Trace this caring through the years: son, Vanessa plans to pursue a career area district which covers a 100-mile radius The Truman Doctrine and the Marshall home economics. She has been an out­ and 4,000 members. Plan together pumped millions of dollars standing student and has served as pres­ To qualify for membership in the Shriners into war torn countries. ident of the FHA district chapter. one must first join the Ancient Order of Disaster relief teams equipped with medi­ Vanessa's essay stresses the impor­ cines and supplies rushed into earthquake tance of freedom as made possible by our Masons. stricken Nicaragua. The Shriners' dues support the hospitals. Constitution and way of life. Her words It was America who did not close her doors are concise and constructive and they The organization did not previously solicit to the many Viet Nam refugees. contributions but with the high cost of leave no doubt that Vanessa is one young medical care, found it necessary, Rosalia said. And today, organizations such as Hope, person who appreciates and understands VISTA, and Care are serving the needy both "It's hard to say how a person gets inter­ at home and abroad. the meaning of being American. ested," said the Mason of 54 years and Num­ The essay follows: ber One Thomasville Shriner in 1977. It makes me proud to say I'm an American when I see organizations like the American 1978-79 V.F.W. VOICE OF DEMOCRACY SCHOLAR­ But once interested, the Shriners have be­ Red Cross helping people in time or disaster. SHIP PROGRAM-NORTH DAKOTA WINNER­ come more than a hobby for at least one But it makes me even prouder to see private V ANESSA TRONSON member. citizens taking up a collection for a family I care about America because America. The funny hats, exalted. titles and diamond who has lost everything they own in a dis­ cared for me first! America produced the first stick pins mean a way of life which has astrous fire. free people and America made its people the saved youngsters from personal tragedy. Certainly, there have been chapt ers in our most prosperous and powerful people in the Any crippled or burned child from infancy History books we are not proud of, for they world. to age 15 whose parents' or guardians are show the pictures of slavery and depression. When the words free or freedom are men­ unable to pay for necessary medical care is But to err is human and by past mistakes we tioned, what immediately comes to your eligible for treatment in the burns or ortho­ have profited and found courage to face the mind? Is it the fact that we have the free­ pedic centers.e monumental task of caring for our fellow dom to go to whatever church we prefer, the 3908 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 5, 1979 freedom to read whatever we like, or the free­ TENG's AMERICAN VISIT: THE PRICE Is There is little doubt that trade and invest­ dom to say whatever we think? I'm sure HIGH ment opportunities with the People's Repub­ these three and many other freedoms would (By George Bush) lic will increase after normalization, just as come to mind, but what about the freedoms What's inside the Chinese fortune cookie? they did before. Prior to President Carter's we take for granted such as: That's a question that many Americans move to normalization, American firxns re­ The freedom to live without fear; ported progress on long-pending contracts in, may be asking as we await the celebrated among others, the hotel and ore-processing The freedom to raise our children as we visit this week of Teng Hsiao-ping, vice pre­ see fit; mier of China, and the opening of a new era industries. Moreover, there is hope of oil de­ in U.S.-Chinese relations. posits, though nobody knows how much, The freedom to give to charity, and where or when. It is in our interest and The freedom to try to make a pro1'1t. To listen to White House officials over the China's to help the People's Republic to de­ These last freedoms are the ones that we past five weeks, the President's decision to velop their oil resources, and in this regard, as Americans should be the most proud of; re::ognize t he People's Republic of China talks between the United States and China yet usually we find ourselves overlooking should yield three important benefits: were already well along the way before nor­ them. Our forefathers gave us these freedoms -It should create a strong new network of malization. because they knew there had to be more to interests that will curtail Soviet expansion As the Chinese themselves well know, real life, and they felt that through such free­ in Asia and reduce the Soviet threat to moderinza tion of the Chinese economy will doms we as Americans could 11 ve a fuller Western Europe; not come easily or soon. Serious weaknesses life. Don't you think it is our duty to thank -It should open the door to a vast expan­ exist in the Chinese transportation system our forefathers by acknowledging these free­ sion of trade with China; and other parts of the industrial infrastruc­ doms and in turn being proud to be Ameri­ -And, says the Administration in a dis­ ture. Per capita income is only $350 a year. cans? America is built on pride, and in order t inctly lower key, it should enhance Taiwan's The education and technical skills of the to keep America on top, it is necessary for prospects for a secure, peaceful future. population are also limited. we as Americans to continue to be proud of How glorious it would be if all this were Further, even if they could absorb more our heritage. When I said America is built true, but it is not--and the Administration of our goods, it is unclear what they could on pride, I meant it literally, for to me the knows it is not. As one who once represented sell us in return over the next few years. p is for Participation, R for Responsibility, the United States in Peking and believes As President Carter and Teng Hsiao-ping I for Integrity, D for Determination, and E we should be friends with that nation, I have discuss these matters this week, they will no for Enthusiasm. long argued that there are distinct benefits doubt address the question of most-favored­ to be realized from normalizing relations Without these five elements, surely our nation status, as have most of our major with China. Those benefits, however, will be trading partners. With firm guarantees of the forefathers could not have brought the more modest than the Administration pre­ colonies together and freed them from security of Taiwan from the Chinese, in the Mother England, and I care enough about tends. Indeed, they will be far less than they overall negotiations, I would favor the ex­ America to keep these five elements alive could have been had not the Administration tension of most-favored-nation status to and working in our society today by the caved in during the negotiating process. China. By law, however, both the Chinese simple action of PRIDE! Before we are caught up in all the glamor and the Soviets are now precluded from that of Teng's visit, we ought to engage in a hard, Before, I not only said that America pro­ status. To grant it to the Chinese, either the realistic assessment of what's involved in 1974 Trade Act must be amended, or special duced the first free people, but also that this new relationship, and the steps that America made its people the most prosperous legislation passed; in either case, a snub of must still be taken in U.S. foreign policy. the Soviets would be difficult to avoid. and powerful people in the world. This is Administration spokesmen talk about their another reason why I care about America. All in all, we should expect only modest "playing of the Chinese card" (a term the gains in our trade with the Chinese. Total America is the only country that you can Chinese themselves must find offensive) actually gain something by working. What trade between our countries runs about $1 guaranteeing strategic benefit for the United billion a year today. No matter how swiftly I'm trying to say is, have you ever heard of States in relation to the Soviet Union. The anyone in the USSR working their way up it grows over the next five years, it would idea is that normalizing relations with China still be significantly less than our current the social ladder? No, and I doubt you ever will drive the Soviets to make concessions. will because in the USSR their social ladder trade with Taiwan, which exceeded $6 bil­ Sadly, the Soviets are not intimidated in lion in t he first 11 months of 1978. has two rungs--one at the top and one at the weeks that have followed the President's the bottom, but in America, the ladder is Moreover, the Administration seems un­ full of rungs just inches apart, and there . China announcement, Russian radio trans­ willing to acknowledge that much of this ex­ Initters have continually beamed inflamma­ pansion would have occurred even in the ab­ are even elevators for those who take the tory messages in to Iran. right opportunities and use their talents to sence of formal diplomatic ties. Over the the greatest potential. Soviet Communist Party chief Leonid past year and a half, before recent negotia­ Brezhnev has also backed out of a planned tions began, the Chinese were ardently seek­ We know as Americans that if we do strive trip to Washington this month and an early- for something, we will be the ones who gain ing western technology and our sales to 1979 conclusion of the SALT talks, to show China were rapidly rising. Over the past four and this propels us to do our best, while in his displeasure at the idea of being up­ other countries the citizens merely do enough months, the commercial pace has again accel­ staged by Teng's visit. And in southern Asia. erated and many American companies have to get by. This is why America's people are some 100,000 Vietnamese troops-armed to the most prosperous and powerful. We have begun making serious plans for trading with a drive that is just not found in other coun­ the teeth by the Soviets-marched into Cam­ and investing in the mainland. In truth, lt tries, and in order to keep this drive alive bodia and quickly swept aside the pro­ was exactly this Chinese eagerness for trade we have to be proud of what we do and make Chinese government. It was naked aggres­ that gave the United States unprecedented something to be proud of. This is a two-way sion, conceived, in part, to humiliate China. leverage in our negotiations over recogni­ street. Now do you understand? America The fact is that the Chinese, though they tion-leverage that we carelessly tossed aside. cared enough about us to let us make our have a large standing army, are no overall Even if the strategic and economic benefits own choices. My choice is to care about match today for the military juggernaut of of this deal were tremendous, however, they America because America cared for me first.e the Soviet Union. It is a delusion to believe would hardly justify the way that we handled that our new formal relations with the Chi­ the third and final issue upon which recogni­ nese, at least in the foreseeable future, will tion turned: the future of Taiwan. shift the global balance of power in our fa­ For nearly three decades, the United States vor or will cause the Soviets to pull back. has firmly guaranteed the safety and security THE PRICE IS HIGH The Chinese can and should play a useful of Taiwan, a pledge that has been repeated role in helping to stabilize much of Asia. by every postwar President. During that time, For many years, Chinese troops posted along the people on Taiwan have created a rela­ HON. ROBERT J. LAGOMARSINO the southern rim of the Soviet Union have tively free government and an economy that tied down a fourth of the Soviet army. But is the envy of developing nations. Our un­ OF CALIFORNIA we should not expect that full normalization willingness to terminate our treaty with Tai­ IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES has added a new, magic dimension to con­ wan offered hope to small countries that Monday, March 5, 1979 taining the Soivets' quest for "hegemony," wanted to remain free. Our allies in the China's favorite phrase. Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO) e Mr. LAGOMARSINO. Mr. Speaker, I Similarly, we should be realistic about com­ as well as Israel, particularly, noted our de­ would like to insert the following article mercial prospects with China. With a tow­ termination that the solution to the Taiwan in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD which ap­ ering trade deficit-approximately $33 bil­ problem be peaceful. lion last year-it is natural that the Presi­ In the negotiations that followed President peared in the Los Angel~~ Times, -:7anuary Nixon's China visit in 1971, the American 28, concerning the v1s1t of Vice-Pre- dent's spokesmen should emphasize their hope for opening naw marl;ets in China. Yet government always insisted on some guaran­ mier Teng Hsiao-ping of the People's Re­ the euphoria surrounding this subject is as tee of a peaceful solution to the Taiwanese public of China. The author, George superficial as the reaction of English mill question. Incredibly, it turns out that the Bush, presents a sobering assessment of owners a. century ago : "If we could just add Carter Administration has accepted all of the impact of Teng's visit. The article one inch to the length of every Chinese shirt; the demands of the Chinese on recognition follows: we could keep the mills running forever!" but has capitulated on our single demand re- March 5, 1979 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3909 garding Taiwan. Carter even admitted a few might-has been the glue holding together formation about nutrition and food se- . days ago that he asked for the Chinese to the non-Communist world. Increasingly in lection for good health. guarantee a peaceful solution but, when they recent years, however, the United States has For over 30 years, the association has refused, he cut the deal anyway. For those staked out a clear, unequivocal position, has invited others to join us and then, as coun­ sponsored an extensive program of who want their Presidents to stand tough in in international negotiations-SALT, for in­ terpressures have built up, has suddenly, in­ studies and projects nutrition, food stance-that was a very discouraging ad­ explicably buckled. quality, food service systems, and dietetic mission. Taiwan was only the latest example. We education programs. Taiwan, apparently, can't count on us for have also done diplomatic summersaults in The 247 affiliated associations estab­ a continued arms supply. When the recogni­ Rhodesia. We have twisted and turned in the lish academic qualifications to guarantee tion decision was first announced, the Pres­ Middle East. We have left our European allies the professionalism of dieticians. ident indicated that the United States would uncertain about our commitments to a In keeping with the goal of good nu­ continue to sell arms to Taipei. Then au­ strong military presence. We have bobbed trition, the Louisville Dietetic Associa­ thor! ta ti ve Peking officials said such arms and weaved on human rights. And we have sales would be unacceptable. In response, been excessively hesitant about Iran. tion has planned a broad range of ac­ National Security Adviser Zbigniew Brzezin­ Understandably, there is now grave con­ tivities of interest to children and adults ski said that Peking and Washington had cern in many areas of the world about alike during National Nutrition Week. "agreed to disagree" on the matter, some­ whether America has the will and the leader­ Films, radio shows, open houses, and dis­ thing he inexplicably represented as a con­ ship to stay the course against Soviet pres­ plays will provide information for the cession by the People's Republic. Belatedly, ~urez. community. under intense questioning, the State Depart­ The Administration's maneuvers on the question of China only add to that sense of I encourage every Louisville area per­ ment revealed only a few days ago that the son to take a greater interest in their­ only arms guaranteed to Taiwan would be worry. The extravagant claims of economic those already in the pipeline, and that and political benefits from new links with and their family's-nutrition habits. Our Washington had agreed with Peking not to Peking, the vagueness of the arrangements total personal health is closely related furnish new arms to Taiwan in 1979-a year with regard to Taiwan, the unseemly haste to our total personal nutrition.• when the U.S. defense treaty with that coun­ of the President's action-all of these raise try is still in effect. What kind of security serious doubts whether we are pursuing a and arms assistance is that? coherent strategy in foreign affairs. HANDGUN VIOLENCE CLAIMS 455 The U.S. deal with China is, in fact, both There are good and ample reasons for the LIVES IN JANUARY morally shabby and politically inept. The United States to be friendly with the Chi­ Canadians, for instance, got a better deal nese. We have great respect and genuine eight years ago. The United States gave all, friendship for the Chinese people. We have HON. ROBERT F. DRINAN and got nothing-and in the process, broke common commercial interests. We have com­ mon strategic interests. And certainly, after OF MASSACHUSETTS a commitmen~ that a loyal friend deems es­ IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES sential to its very survival. the way we were out-traded on normaliza­ As Peter Berger, a professor of sociology at tion, we should respect their adherence to Monday, March 5, 1979 principle. Rutgers, wrote last year, "If there is one uni­ versal, indeed primeval principle of morality, But China is interested in us largely as a • Mr. DRINAN. Mr. Speaker, the crimi­ it is that one must not deliver one's friends credible deterrent to the Soviet Union. We nal misuse of firearms in this country to their enemies." can't be credible if we vacillate on our prin­ continues to be a problem of major ciples. proportions. The Congress can no longer Berger was writing at the time of refugees My view is that we should extend to Teng fleeing from Vietnam in their small, make­ Hsiao-ping a warm and courteous welcome. avoid its clear responsibility to protect shift dinghies. "These boats," he said, "bear He is strong, he is tough, he is able, and, the public safety by allowing gun-related a message. It is a simple and ugly message. after all, he is a Chinese leader who really crimes to go unchecked. It is time for the Here is what happens to those who put their wantc better relations with the United Congress to enact tough and effective trust in the United States." States. He has taken enormous political risks gun control laws that will put an end to On Dec. 15, President Carter announced to reach out to the West. We should use normalization of relations. Some euphori­ this tragic and scandalous level of vio­ these talks to impress upon him a real un­ lence that permeates life in America. cally accepted this as a major breakthrough, derstanding of the U.S. role in the world. We though in essence the Carter Administration must impress him with our determination to In a recent bulletin · published by accepted normalization on Chinese terms. keep our commitments and should press Handgun Control, Inc., it has been re­ Later, however, many of us who favor bet­ him to find some formula to guarantee a vealed that 455 media-reported deaths ter relations with China, but place the main­ peaceful solution to t!ie Taiwan question. occurred in the month of January-as tenance of U.S. credibility worldwide above that, spoke out. Teng has been to the Soviet Union many the result of handgun violence. In the At year's end, Teng made some very help­ times. He is deeply concerned about the so­ months ahead, I will continue to speak viets' lack of credibility. for, in his view, the out on this most important issue. I hope ful statements as to the future of Taiwan. record shows that the Soviet Union has not He discussed the fact that Taiwan could kept its word. Let's not give him cause to that my colleagues will join with me in continue its form of government once re­ further question our credibility by failing to this effort to stop the proliferation and unification took place, could maintain its presc for some guarantee that will demon­ misuse of firearms. The report of Hand­ army, social system and its economy. strate to all nations who want our help that gun Control, Inc., follows: A major requirement of our foreign policy we stand for freedom and peace, and that we now--one that rivals in importance the talks ROLL OF HANDGUN DEAD will protect others who share our view. America's handgun war continued un­ with Teng Hsiao-Ping this week-is to re­ China does not want war today. We do not store our credibility with regard to Taiwan to abated in the beginning of 1979. According to want war. Clearly then, despite the enormous newspaper accounts, at least 455 American the greatest extent possible. complexities of the Taiwan question and de­ President Carter apparently wants to pro­ civilians were killed in handgun violence spite China's view of this matter as a purely during the month of January. The Handgun tect our relations with Taiwan by setting up internal issue, we must press for some guar­ a semi-private corporation that would act as Body Count includes the deaths of 20 chil­ antee that whatever solution lies ahead will dren under the age of 13 and 34 adults over an unofficial entity in dealing with the "au­ be peaceful.e thorities of Taipel." The Taiwanese reject the age of 60. that idea, for they still consider themselves The National Handgun Body Count is pub­ a sovereign state. There is also a significant lished each month by Handgun Control, juridical problem here, for there is no prece­ NATIONAL NUTRITION WEEK Inc. Handgun Control, Inc. is a citizens' lobby dent or legal basis for a group of private formed by victims of handgun violence to individuals--or a corporation-to extend L. seek passage of a national law to control binding security commitments to another HON. ROMANO MAZZOLI these deadly weapons. people. The Executive Branch and the Con­ OF KENTUCKY The National Handgun Body Count is gress have to do this. Trade might be han­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES analogous to the Vietnam Body Count. Few dled that way, but not defense pacts. We Americans realize that more American civil­ must press the Chinese to put into formal Monday, March 5, 1979 ians were murdered with handguns here at agreement Teng's recent statements on the e Mr. MAZZOLI. Mr. Speaker, I com­ home during the Vietnam War than there future of Taiwan. mend to the attention of all Members were American soldiers killed in combat. Beyond that, American diplomacy faces an While the Vietnam War is over, America's even larger task: to repair our reputation of Congress the designation of March 4- handgun war rages on. around the world as a strong, reliable ally in 10 as National Nutrition Week. The This Handgun Body Count is based on a the face of growing Soviet adventurism. American Dietetic Association has de­ compilation of news reports of handgun vio­ Throughout the postwar period, America's clared this week as a time for the gen­ lence appearing in the nation's daily and credibility-along with America's lllilitary eral public to learn about the latest in- weekly newspapers during that month. The 3910 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 5, 1979 figure includes murders, suicides, and acci­ Rene Moreau, Los Angeles. James Nelson Jr., Dublin. dents by handguns. Casualties for January Sandra Morris, Los Angeles. William Schmidt, Brunswick. include: Daniel Nack, Oxnard. Tim Tarpley, Columbus. Fort Lauderdale, FL: Emira Scott. 2, was Harold Nakano, Atwater. George Vann, Columbus. shot to death by an eleven year old. The Boris Naumoff, San Francisco. Unidentified Boy, Roswell. eleven year old fired a .22 caliber bullet into Willian Newton, Yuba City. IDAHO (3 ) the little boy's head believing the handgun Louis Olio, Fontana. was a toy. George Palmer, Los Banos. Anna Farias, Heyburn. Dallas, TX~: Rodney Joe Stephens, 29, was Carol Pendray, Sonora. David Nylander, Twin Falls. shot to death after an argument with a fel­ Joseph Pittman, Huntington Beach. ILLINOIS (26) low construction worker over a $5 loan. Ted Reddick, Ceres. Gregory Davis, Chicago. La Mesa, CA: Charlotte Ann Clark was Roger Reed, Twentynine Palms. Marvin Fourt, East St. Louis. shot to death with a .22 caliber revolver Gail Roger, Daly City. Jose Guiterrez, Chicago. when she and her husband were robbed of Robert Ryan, Costa Mesa. Donnie Harris, Mt. Erie. a wallet and some jewelry. Maria Souza, Santa Clara. Jerome Henderson, Chicago. Philadelphia, PA: Julia Wallen, 54, co­ James Urquhart, Brawley. Hederstene Holley, Elgin. owner of the Diamond Wallpaper Co. was Jay Valentine, Hollywood. Marilyn Johnson, Chicago. fatally shot in an apparent robbery. Rudy Villa, San Diego. Santo Lopez, Chicago. Memphis, TN: Esaw Harvey, 52, was killed Louis Viscarra, Los Angeles. Gwendolyn McGee, Elgin. when a shoot-out erupted at a crowded Gary Watson, Oakland. George McGregot, Chicago. downtown cafe after a man stepped on an­ Elgin Webb, Fremont. Jose Mendiola, Sauk Village. other man's foot. Daniel Whealton, S;1nta Clara. Bijam Moshkelgosha, Chicago. ALABAMA ( 21) Unidentified male, Costa Mesa. Kathy Passmore, Chicago. Unidentified male, Los Angeles. Robert Plochocki, La Salle. George Anderson, Mobile. Unidentified boy, San Francisco. Michael Bethune, Birmingham. Christopher Rajca, Chicago. Theodore Bush, Mobile. COLORADO ( 3) John Rajca, Chicago. Patricia Carr, Bay Minette. Katherine Baker, Denver. Theodis Rayford, Chicago. Quasim El-Amin, Montgomery. Leslie Cargill, Pagosa Springs. Bennie Russo, Chicago. Mack Eldridge, Birmingham. Donald Schneider, Grand Junction. David Santander, Chicago. Isaac Santos, Chicago. Brenda Huffman. Minnette. CONNECTICUT (4) James Lang, Mobile. Wanda Shaw, Carrollton. Carl McGinnis, Pratt City. Yves Laflamme, Willimantic. Earl Teets, Chicago. Felton Montford, Birmingham. Marlys Manning. Trumbull. Elizabeth Teets, Chicago. Leroy Moore, Birmingham. Rosetta Scott. Hartford. Gary Teets, Chicago. Murphy Owens, Moulton. Earl Tweedie, Stamford. Unidentified Child, Chicago. John Porth Jr., Gulf Shores. DELAWARE (1) INDIANA (5) Ervin Reid, Oneonta. Sherman Myers, Wilmington. Joseph Andert, Elkhart. Ruby Robinson, Eufaula. DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA (7) Donald Meade, Warsaw. Vernon Ward, Atmore. William Scott, Fort Wayne. Tommy Wesson, Birmingham. Rose T. Dole. Bruce Thomas, Terre Haute. James Gardner. Unidentified man, Birmingham. IOWA (1) Unidentified woman, Birmingham. Robin Gleaton. Gregory Hawkins. Kenneth Carter, Des Moines. ALASKA (2) Barry Leibowitz. KANSAS (3 ) Mohammad Alayoubi, Fairbanks. Robert West. Dudwig Dulka, Leavenworth. Ann Louise Stewart, Anchorage. Unidentified male. Gregory Essman, Topeka. ARIZONA (6) FLORIDA (29) Delmer Terry, Kansas City. Chana Alderman, Tucson. Rosa Barnes, Lakeland. KENTUCKY (10 ) Francisco Barienta, Phoenix. Martin Baum, Stuart. Davy Cotton, Madisonville. Gregory Curtis, Paradise Valley. Freeman Bradley, Dania. William Fanning, Catlettsburg. John Dunbar, Tempe. Joe Brock, Homestead. Johnny Gordon, Danville. Betty Jenkins, Scottsdale. Brenda Compton, Hollywood. Elmer Isaacs, Richmond. Robert Williams, Phoenix. Roscoe Givens, Jr., Sanderson. Louella Johnson, Lexington. Mitchell Hobbs, Winter Haven. ARKANSAS ( 12) Raymond Mccallister, Greensburg. Bobby Holland, Homestead. William Rourk, Versailles. Freddie Brewer, Portand. Eugene Lento, Fort L9,uderdale. Glenn Terry, Hazard. Valton Brinson, Hope. James Lewis, Lakeland. Norman White, Frankfort. Worley Burks, Malvern. Erma Moore, Kissimmee. Eugene Wyrick, Cythiana. Ronnie Edwards, Zion. Louis Naimoli, Fort Lauderdale. L. D. Hayes, Marked Tree. Christopher Pyle, Fort Lauderdale. LOUISIANA ( 4 9 ) David Helms, Oil Trough. Joyce Reed, Orlando. George Akers Jr., New Orleans. Bernard Jones, Little Rock. Clyde Revell, Jr., Sopchoppy. Barnaby Almaralez, New Orleans. Allen Miller, Gurdon. Maida Richards, Winter Haven. Jeannette Andrepont, Baton Rouge. Anthony Moss, Dermott. Rubin Sanchez, Lantana. Horace Broussard, New Orleans. Timothy Tompkins, Benton. John Shaw, Sarasota. Cecil Bryant, New Orleans. Veaster Carron, Port Barre. CALIFORNIA (53) James Small, Jacksonville. Robert Stanton, Miramar. Kenneth Carter, New Orleans. Norman Alexander, San Luis Obispo. James Stillman, Daytona Beach. Daisy Clark, New Orleans. Laura Avalos, Harbor City. Robert Timberlake, Jr., St. Petersburg. Lamar Cook, Oak Grove. Stephen Bianucci, Morgan Hill. James Walton, St. Petersburg. Rebecca David, Lake Charles. Francis Burkhard, Los Altos. Verida Walton, St. Petersburg. Robert Ebler, New Orleans. Charles Bystrom, San Rafael. Mackey Wilson, Fort Lauderd3.le. Jimmy Fisher, New Orleans. Lary Carroll, Wallace. Unidentified male, Fort Lauderdale. Joseph Gauthier, Washington. Arturo Cervantes, Long Beacn. Larry Glover, Leesville. Charlotte Clark, San Diego. GEORGIA (22) Joe Graham, Lake Providence. John Cromer Jr., Somis. Hubert Atkins, Jr .. Acworth. .Jim Guess, New Orleans. Charles Deal, Brawley. Lemuel Clark, Columbus. Ervin Guillory, Ville Platte. Curtis Ford, San Bernardino. Claude Collie, Atlanta. Dorothy Hancock, New Orleans. Louarna Gillis, Los Angeles. Lillie Cummings, Milledgeville. Carmen Harper, New Orleans. Antanacio Gomez, San Diego. Vernon Curry II, Mount Vernon. Samuel Hudson, Oak Grove. Jerry Granillo, Los Angeles. Angelo Favors, West Point. Albert Jones, New Orelans. Claudia Hanson, Malibu. Bernice Favors, Atlanta. Sharon Jones, New Orleans. Major T. Hensen, El Monte. Annette Garnto, Augusta. Barbara Kringer, Baton Rouge. Thomas Hufnagel, San Francisco. Pamela Gregory, Macon. John Littleton, Monroe. Levina Jackson, Arcata. James Hann!i.h, Augusta. Ollie Meadows, Joyce. Mark Johnson, San Francisco. Kattie Henderson, Atlanta. Raymond Pablo, New Orleans. Gabino Mendoza, Stockton. James Hill, Thomasville. Bobby Parish, Shreveport. Larry Mercy, Oakland. Kenneth Lloyd, Aiken. Joseph Sanders. Monroe. Helen Mestler, Hemet. Phil Merritt, Atlanta. Michael Sanders, Shreveport Mike Mihan, Oak Run. Willie Miller Jr., Thomasville. Leola Scott, Laplan. Leroy Moody, Los .Angeles. James Mitchell, Statesboro. Joseph Seraphine, Baton Rouge. March 5, 197.9 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3911

Mrs. Billy Shell, Joyce. OHIO (7) Bobby Hill, Lufkin. Jeffrey Sherry, New Orleans. Ralph Britton, Cleveland. Wendell Hooker, C&rthage. Henry Silver, New Orleans. Gerald Kaye, Cleveland. Albert Lawlis, Houston. Ralph Smith, Bogalusa. Gust Mentzelos, North Canton. Bennet Mays Sr., Beckville. Michael Taylor, Port Allen. Patricia Mentzelos, North Canton. Barbara l'.-ccauley, San Augustine. Wesley Thomas, Jr., Shreveport. William Motley, Cleveland. David Morales, Richmond. Fred Thompson, New Orleans. Joy Nagy, Mansfield. Manuel Pedrosa, Dalhart. Nadine Van Acker, New Orleans. Willie Seay, Cleveland. Joseph Pelich, Fort Worth. Reine Ward, New Orleans. OKLAHOMA (7) Gilbert Rico, Luling. Ann Weill, Baton Rouge. Manuel Sierra, Freeport. Roy Akehurst, Ada. Frank Williams, New Orleans. Rodney Stephens, Dallas. W. E. Biggs, Oklahoma City. Preston Wyatt, Shreveport. Kimberly Strickler, Houston. Unidentified woman, New Orleans. Susan Galemore. Bartlesville. Donald Townsend, San Antonio. Dale Gray, Oklahoma City. Unidentified male, Monroe. Louis Valigura, Forestburg. Unidentified male. Monroe. Wilma Speaks, Oklahoma City.' Eugene Vandervilt, Big Spring. Ivan Witty, Shawnee. MARYLAND (16) Roger Ward, Corsicana. Unidentified male, Tulta. Joseph Brandon, Baltimore. Charles Watkins, Texarkana. Pleasant Broadus, Baltimore. OREGON (3) Ron Weitinger, Houston. Hattie Dixon, Baltimore. Jerome Bernard, Oregon City. Michael White, Houston. Roosevelt Evans, Baltimore. Michael Montgomery, Portland. Coral Williams, Fort-Worth. Melvin Fox, Hyattsville. Robert Stimson, Eagle Point. Unidentified male, Dallas. Fannie Holly, Kentland. PENNSYLVANIA (21) Unidentified boy, Houston. Dwight Ingram, Baltimore. UTAH (1) Sonia Knudson, Baltimore. Gregory Allen, Philadelphia. David Livengood, Oakland. Roland Beauford, Philadelphia. Bruce Bannister, Annabella. Larry Burgess, Philadelphia. Robert McNeill, Hyattsville. VERMONT ( 1 ) Michael Cifelli, Philadelphia. Ray Overfelt, Baltimore. Roger Willard III, Burlington. William Simmons, Baltimore. Joseph Dancey, Philadelphia. Betty Smith, Baltimore. Pamela Guidon, Steel City. VIRGINIA ( 14 ) Andre Stokes, Baltimore. James Harvey, Philadelphia. John Bell, Fairfax. Alan Trimakas, Baltimore. Fredrick Hetzel, Philadelphia. Harry Blakey, Fredericksburg. Flora Washington, Columbia Park. Van Johnson, Philadelphia. Christopher Buckingham, Springfield. MISSISSIPPI ( 2 ) Zedric Jones, Philadelphia. Lynn Craft, Wise. Clarence Leitzel, Freeland. Ronnie Patterson, McComb. Edward Hall Jr., Wise Konstance Somerville, Vicksburg. Larry McCauley, Philadelphia. James Hess, Honaker. Larry Moore, Homewood. Otis Payne, Meherrin. MISSOURI (14) James Morrow, Philadelphia. Jesse Robertson, Norfolk. Ladell Barnes, Kansas City. William H. Mullelly, Philadelphia. Lynn Robert son, Norfolk. Matthew Brannan, Holts Summit. Joseph Palian, Philadelphia. Margaret Sanderson, Chesterfield. Larry Cadero, Kansas City. Glen Richardson, Pittsburgh. Maude Thompson, Marion. John Cox, St. Louis. Michael Smith, Philadelphia. Buxton Wade, Suffolk. Marvin Fourte, Phillipsburg. Joseph Trahey, Philadelphia. Bishop Wright, Collinsville. Patricia Gibson, St. Joseph. Julia Wallen, Philadelphia. Unidentified male, Norfolk. Harold Ingram, Wood River. Marcel Woods, Pittsburgh. Steven Drumm, St. Louis. WASHINGTON (4) John Maddox, Dexter. SOUTH CAROLINA ( 1 ) Tony Nelson, Shelton. John Meadows, Kansas City. William Coulette, Columbia. David O'Neal, Lacey. Jacqueline Shipley, St. Louis. TENNESSEE ( 24) James St audacher, Spokane. Unident ified male, Seattle. NEBRASKA ( 2 ) Sharon Anderson, Knoxville. Zemrie Allen, Lincoln. Kenneth Brooks, Lafayette. WISCONSIN ( 8 ) ward Williamson, Lincoln. John Burk, Memphis. Jamie Jones, Milwaukee. NEVADA (2) Danny Collier, Waverly. Alfred Knutson, La Crosse. Frederick Merrill, Henderson. Morris Dunahoo Jr., Nashville. Barbara Kringer, Milwaukee. James Stevens, Henderson. Esaw Harvey, Memphis. Donald McVicar, Chippewa Falls. Allen Joe, Memphis. Alvin Nicholson, Milwaukee. NEW HAMPSHIRE ( 1) Mary Johnson, Memphis. Gerod Nowak, Milwaukee. Max Boynton, South Pomfret. Robert Johnson, Shelbyville. LATE ADDITIONS NEW JERSEY ( 4 ) Robert Johnson, Memphis. Louis Lacroix, Memphis. Harry Rumpf, Milwaukee, Wis. Jeffery Griggs, Asbury Park. Shirley Keith, Dallas, Tex. Leroy Lawhorn, Memphis. Randolph Miller, Newark. Albert Gibson Jr., Fort Pierce, Fla. Oscar Royster, Elizabeth. Hobson Looney, Memphis. Cecil Thomas, Fort Pierce, Fla. Joseph Rybka, Hackensack. William Manus, Nashv1lle. Manuel Martinez, Hinsdale, Ill. James McCullough, Memphis. NEW MEXICO ( 4 ) John Conley, Little Rock, Ark. Bertha Nelson, Memphis. Charles White. Decatur, Ala. Canu to Alarid, Santa Fe. Henry Reed, Nashville. Junior Henderson, Courtland, Ala. Robert Sisneros, Alcalde. Norman Roake, Nashville. Debra Smith, Tampa, Fla. Rosita Trulillo, Santa Fe. Barry Robert, Memphis. Wanda Thorla, Shreveport, La. Rubin Wells, Albuquerque. Barry Simmons, Memphis. Timothy Montgomery, Washington, Mo. NEW YORK (5) George Weaver, Memphis. Robert Jackson, Frederick, Okla. Harry Wilcox, Chattanooga. Giovanni de Costanza, N.Y. City. Karen Bay, Neenah, Wis. Craig Madden, N.Y. City. Wavney Williams, Nashville. Harry Nolan, Lilbourn, Mo. Aaron Miller, N.Y. City Unidentified male, Nashville. Pam Atkins, Evansville, Ind. Cornell Moon, Yonkers. TEXAS (37) Gene May, Albuquerque, N. Mex. Joseph Page, Buffalo. Joe Banda, San Antonio. Barbara Burch, Amite, La. Dean Carter, Oroville, Calif. Iva Byrd, Lufkin. NORTH CAROLIN A ( 9) Young Hoi, Oroville, Calif. Larry Dameron, Morga!ltown. William Cage, El Paso. Jim Ferguson, Idaho Falls, Idaho. Aubrey Lee, Fayetteville. Towanda Carson, Wichita Falls. Alberta Morgan, Lompoc, Calif. Randall Norris, Brevard. Abel Colazzo, San Antonio. William Courtney, El Paso. James Knight, Neosho, Mo. Carl McGinnis, Birmingham. James Horne, Houston, Tex. Billy Wellborn, Deep Gap. Bobby Craddock, Denton. Barbara Yokely, Gumtree. Raymond Dalrymple, Fort Worth. Harold Parks, Ashdown, Ark. Gerald Yokely, Gumtree. Michael Evans, Tyler. Alfonso De La Rosa, El Paso, Tex. Michael Yokely, Gumtree. Maria Flores, Fort Worth. Dennis Bates, Terra Bella, Calif. William Yokely, Gumtree. John Garcia, Snyder. Rene Petrosky, New Braunfels, Tex. Leonard Garcia, San Antonio. NORTH DAKOTA (2) Mary Garner, Gladewater. Elizabeth Vickers, New Braunfels, Tex. Robyn Josephson, Hazen. William Garner, Gladewater. Unidentified male, Albuquerque, N. Mex. Russell Josephson, Hazen. Elmer Green, Big Spring. Unidentified boy, Roswell, Ga.e CXXV-246--Part 3 3912 EXTENSIONS ·aF REMARKS March 5, 1979 SOMERSET BOROUGH CELEBRATES a very warm spot in the heart of all of STUDY OF HOUSE COMMITTEE ITS l 75TH ANNIVERSARY us from the area. It has often been called MEMBERSHIPS "the Roof Garden of Pennsylvania" be­ cause of its beautiful surrounding moun­ HON. JOHN P. MURTHA tains and countryside. OF PENNSYLVANIA HON. BOB CARR The area around the town has been a IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES OF MICHIGAN center for agriculture, coal mining, and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Monday, March 5, 1979 fine maple sirup, but more recently it Monday, March 5, 1979 • Mr. MURTHA. Mr. Speaker, I am very has become internationally known as a pleased to insert into the CONGRESSIONAL resort area, both in summer and winter. • Mr. CARR. Mr. Speaker, Alan Katz, RECORD some remarks commemorating Somerset Borough has benefited from a capable intern on my staff just com­ today as the l 75th anniversary of the the tourists and visitors to the area, and pleted a study of the 96th Congress incorporation of Somerset Borough. those individuals have become friends of this beautiful community. House committee rankings by age of BY action of the Pennsylvania General Members and terms of service by Mem­ Somerset Borough has a rich historical Assembly the borough was fixed as the bers. Although I made no particular in­ county seat and the seat of justice, with background and continues to expand and three courthouses in its history. The grow with the future. It is a pleasure terpretations of the data, it does point borough has withstood the destruction for me to insert these remarks into the out that the turnover rates of the com­ of three major fires. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD showing its out­ mittees vary greatly. For the interest of Somerset Borough has grown and standing past and promise for a wonder­ Members and students of the Congress I changed in that time and certainly holds ful future.• include Mr. Katz's chart in the RECORD:

Member's Member's Ran kings Rankings of average Rankings Rank ings of average by mean committees Member's length of by m~an committees Member's length of service by mean average service service by mean average service House committee on- length age age (terms) House committee on- length age age (terms)

Rules ______-- __ ------(1) 4 51. 6 5. 80 Government Operations ___ ------__ (11) 12 47. 9 4. 10 Appropriations ______(2) 1 55. 5 5. 59 District of Columbia ______(12) 5 51. 0 3. 80 House Adm inistration ______(3) 3 52. 6 5. 04 Education and labor______(13) 10 49. 0 3. 56 International Relations ______(4) 6 50. 8 4. 97 Interstate and Fore ign Commerce ______(14) 13 47. 8 3. 40 Armed Services __ ------(5) 9 49. 3 4. 44 Banking, Finance and Urban Affairs ______(15) 14 47. 5 3. 17 Merchant Marine and Fisheries __ ·------(6) 15 47. 1 4. 32 Interior and Insular Affa irs _------(16) 17 46. 4 3. 00 Judiciary ____ ------(7) 2 53. 9 4. 29 Veterans Affairs ______(17) 11 48. 1 2. 97 Budget.______------(8) 12 47. 9 4. 28 Agriculture ______(18) 16 46. 7 2. 95 Small Business . ______(9) 8 49. 4 4. 16 Publ ic Works and Transportation ______(19) 10 49. 0 2. 70 Ways and Means ______(10) 7 49. 7 4. 14 Science and Technology ______(20) 16 46 . 7 2. 54

Note: Average length of service (in terms) may vary because of incomplete terms. Lengths of individual terms of service and seniority may differ because of our inclusion of previous terms of service.•

LIBYAN SUPPORT FOR LATIN AMER­ Egypt, the Sudan, Chad, Ethiopia and made a 10-day state visit to Libya at the ICAN TERRORISM Iran, among many more. time Qaddafi changed the country's Based on an implacable hatred of the name from "Libyan Arab Republic" to Western European countries and the the "Socialist People's Libyan Arab HON. LARRY McDONALD United States, Colonel Qaddifi and his Jamahiriyah." OF GEORGIA regime have found no ideological im­ A variety of agreements were signed IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES pediment to extensive and close collabo­ pledging Libyan and Cuban cooperation ration between their Socialist People's in support of terrorist "liberation move­ Monday, March 5, 1979 Libyan Arab Jamahiriyah and the Soviet ments" in many countries, and politically • Mr. McDONALD. Mr. Speaker, for Union and its satellites in Eastern Eu­ in what is referred to as the "Non­ some years now it has been well known rope and Cuba. The Soviet Union, which Aligned States" movement which include that the Libyan military dictatorship clearly prefers to have its clients be their Vietnam, North Korea, Mongolia, Cuba, headed by Col. Muammar Qaddafi has proxy in direct sponsorship of terrorist Libya, Ethiopia, Algeria, the People's become the major middleman for the groups, has found most useful the Lib­ Democratic Republic of Yemen (Aden) distribution of Soviet arms to many ter­ yans' frenetic zeal for destabilizing by and other Soviet clients. Castro's visit rorist groups in the Middle East, Asia, violence and terrorism not only the was followed by a state visit by General and Western Europe. Not only is Libya countries of Western Europe and the Omar Torrijos, the Panamanian dicta­ providing facilities for the training of United States, but also the governments tor alined with Castro who received foreign terrorist groups, but it also pro­ of the free world's allies and trading pledges of solidarity and support for his vides extensive logistical support nec­ partners in the Third World. Further­ campaign to take control of the Panama essary for terrorists to reach their goals. more, Libya's collaboration with tbe So­ Canal and Canal Zone. This logistical support has included viet bloc extends further to the diplo­ Since that time, Libya has begun to money, false identity documents, pass­ matic arena and to the close work of the take a Cuba-like role with Latin Amer­ ports, the use of Libyan diplomatic Libyan secret policye Syria for the meetings found in Capucci's East Jerusalem resi­ dictably, Libya has not announced a full of the PLO's political front, the Pal­ dence--after which Capucci signed a con­ list of those attending the conference, estine National Council (PNC). fession that he had not only been a smuggler but among the groups who took part were The PLO, World Peace Council, and of guns and bombs, but was the paymaster of the terrorist organization Al Fata.h. the Montoneros of Argentina who have Latin American terrorist networks came Israeli intelligence had more reason to sus­ active exile groups in Rome, Paris, Spain together in Mexico, in February 1978, and pect the latter admission, in view of Ca.pucci and Sweden; the Frente Sandinista de gave public indications of preparations having reported wha.t The Jerusalem Post Liberacion Nacional (FSLN) of Nicara­ for transnational terrorist activities in­ called "the biggest burglary in Israel's his­ gua; revolutionaries from Costa Rica volving mutual support. On February 5, tory." For on April 5, 1977, four months prior who have been acting in a support ca­ 1978, the day following the close of the to his arrest, the Archbishop reported that pacity for the FSLN and closely related WPC's "Latin American Peace Confer­ his residence had been robbed of $250,000 in revolutionary terrorist groups in El Sal­ foreign currency, as well as $2,250 in Jewelry ence" in Mexico City, the FSLN's chief and other valuables. vador and Honduras; and parties of the representative to Cuba, Jose Benito Esco­ This was acutely embarrassing to the Vati­ deposed Unidad Popular of Chile, includ­ bar, and Issam Sli of the PLO's Marxist can, on two counts: ( 1) It ls against Israeli ing the militant United Popular Action Popular Democratic Front for the law to possess so much foreign currency. (2) Movement diplomatic immunity. Finally, Taiwan's life of the country. Goldin, the Comptroller of New York security must be bolstered by an immediate Rationing and other allocation City; Professor Leon Cooper of Brown sale of high-performance aircraft, such as schemes would require a huge and ex­ University who received the Nobel Peace the F16.e panding enforcement bureaucracy, but Prize for Physics in 1972; and Victor the heavy oppression of Government Gilinsky, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Com­ THE GAS-RATIONING PLAN control would only produce a vast expan­ missioner. sion of illegal activities. I commend the students and the facul­ Rationing could produce such rampant ty of this fine school for their dedication HON. MARJORIE S. HOLT corruption that the remaining public in achieving and maintaining such high OF MARYLAND coflfidence in Governnment would col­ standards of academic excellence.• IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES lapse, and what would come next? Monday, March 5, 1979 Price controls followed by rationing followed by expansion of harsh and des­ ALLEGATIONS OF SYSTEMATIC IS­ • Mrs. HOLT. Mr. Speaker, in a recent potic enforcement machinery-this is a RAELI TORTURE ARE GROUND­ meeting of the House Budget Committee, logical progression. I cannot believe that LESS I asked James Schlesinger, Secretary of a people whose highest value is freedom Energy, about the cost of administering would tolerate this. HON. WILLIAM LEHMAN and enforcing the gasoline-rationing The only efficient way to achieve en­ plan. He said the cost would be $2 bil­ ergy conservation and stimulate invest­ OF FLORIDA lion a year. ment in energy production of all kinds is IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES I then asked him whether the ration­ deregulation of prices and repeal of Monday, March 5, 1979 ing plan could ever be made to work other restrictive controls. effectively, and Mr. Schlesinger replied • Mr. LEHMAN. Mr. Speaker, the re­ Many alternative sources of energy cent widely publicized allegations of sys­ that this would require "patriotic co­ will be produced when they become eco­ operation." He said that the gasoline ra­ tematic torture of Arab prisoners by the nomically competitive with petroleum, Israeli Government are unreasonable tioning of World War II started to break and the investment will be made when down after 9 months. and are not based on evidence by any the price is right. recognized authority. I recall that World War II was a peri­ The American people must be told od of intense American patriotism in In my opinion, the International Red bluntly by our leaders that the days of Cross is the most authoritative source as which the overwhelming majority of cheap energy are gone forever, but we people were willing to make sacrifices to an independent agency charged with can have adequate energy supply if we monitoring such violations of human support the war effort. Today the Con­ are willing to pay the price. gress is being asked to approve a gas­ rights. The International Red Cross is In a free economy, price provides the notified within 14 days of imprisonment rationing plan to cope with an artificial discipline for conservation and produc­ energy shortage created mostly by fool­ of any individual from the administered tion. Price controls prevent conser­ territories and is entitled to conduct its ish Government policy. vation and discourage production. Ra­ The administration and the Congress own medical examinations. In addition, tioning expands Government instead of representatives of the Red Cross are able have pursued a policy of preaching con­ supply.• servation and maintaining price con­ to regularly visit those imprisoned. Offi­ trols. Any rational person knows that cials of the Red Cross have refuted the conservation and price controls are con­ SCIENCE AWARDS TO BRONX SCI­ accusations of mistreatment on grounds tradictory. ENCE HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS that no evidence of systematic ill-treat­ It is impossible to have meaningful ment of prisoners in Israel's jails exists. conservation of any resource or product HON. JONATHAN B. BINGHAM Edward M. Mezvinsky, U.S. delegate to when its price is regulated below the the Human Rights Commission of the OF NEW YORK market level. It is equally impossible to United Nations, reported that the Red control prices below market levels and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Cross found absolutely no evidence of have adequate production. Monday, March 5, 1979 any systematic mistreatment of Arab prisoners in Israel. The State Depart­ The most elementary understanding of e Mr. BINGHAM. Mr. Speaker, I am ment's human rights report concurs in economics tells us that the price of any proud to announce that four students this judgment. product should reflect its true value, the from the Bronx High School of Science, While no one denies that instances of demand in relation to supply. We also Arani Bose, Ken Liu, Samuel Shaffer, individual mistreatment may have oc­ know that rising prices and profits gen­ anJ Brian Frederick Sheppard, are curred, there is overwhelming evidence erate more investment and production. among the 40 Washington, D.C., trip that such occurrences have been very So, what is the policy of the U.S. Gov­ winners of the 38th Annual Talent few in number. This is notable in light of ernment? We have price controls, which Search for the Westinghouse Science the intensification of terrorist activities throughout all history have always pro­ Scholarships and Awards. in Israel during 1978. One hundred duced shortages and/ or illegal transac­ Since the date of its founding in 1938, twelve incidents occurred within Israel's tions. Bronx High School of Science students boundaries, 73 of them in Jerusalem. To show the people that their Govern­ have been outstanding. Ninety percent of Fifty-four deaths and 315 injuries re­ ment is working hard to solve the energy the students who continue on to college, sulted from these terrorist activities in problem, the Carter administration and graduate with degrees in math, science, 1978. With the increasing daily threat the Congress created a Department of or other related fields. Furthermore, 70 against the lives of all Israeli citizens, Energy costing the taxpayers $8 billion a percent of these same students continue who enjoy no human rights in the eyes year. their educations and earn doctor of of terrorists, Israel's human rights rec­ It does not produce energy. It produces medicine or doctor of philosophy de­ ord is remarkable. regulations that discourage production. grees. The misleading publicity was based The cost of the Department alone is a The accomplishments of the staff and on two cables sent by a former foreign drain on capital which could find more the students at the Bronx High School service officer assigned to the U.S. Con­ productive use in the private economy. of Science enhance and enrich not only sulate in Israel. The reliability of this President Carter's Department of En­ the community which I represent, but source has been seriously questioned. ergy has now given us the standby en- also communities across the Nation. I There are simply no facts supporting the 3916 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 5, 1979 assertions made in the cables. Ms. Alex­ tors are accused of abusing the "system"; the with government bureaucrats telling them andra Johnson, the foreign service of­ amount of government meddling, bureau­ how, when and where they shall work. For ficer who authorized the cables, held in­ cratic build-up and administrative costs is no matter how expensive the private health terviews with only 29 Arab prisoners, mind-boggling; many of our doctors have now plans seem to you, they are cheap compared or plan to opt out of OHIP and others are to the cost in taxes and liberty that you will several of whom were motivated in their leaving the country in ever-increasing num­ pay under a government scheme.e responses by their desire to be granted bers; our hospitals which have all been taken visas to the United States. over by the province now face shutdowns, Systematic torture is abhorred by the strikes, cutbacks and insurmountable red ISRAEL MERITS UNITED STATES Israeli Government and its use is a crim­ tape; our ambulance costs have risen dra­ SUPPORT inal offense. Israel has fully cooperated matically; many nursing homes have already with the International Committee of the been closed and the rest are being threatened with the same treatment if they do not meas­ HON. GERALD B. H. SOLOMON Red Cross and with various other inter­ ure up to the government dictates. nationa·. groups who monitor the treat­ Yet Kennedy has the unmitigated gall to OF NEW YORK ment of Arab prisoners. Allegations of try to con the American people into believing IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES torture in Israel have also been exam­ that our government scheme is "fine." Don't Monday, March 5, 1979 ined by a team of French jurists which you believe it! It is not fine. It is not even concluded that these accusations have fair. It is bad, and things are getting worse. • Mr. SOLOMON. Mr. Speaker, the re­ no factual basis. As Leonard Peikoff wrote in 1962, "Consider cent turmoil in Iran has shown just how Reports that have no substantive basis the reports coming out of England, Holland, quickly political instability can manifest but receive such wide publicity should be Hungary, and all the rest of the countries itself, with results extremely detrimental which have embraced socialized or semi-so­ to national interests of the United States. suspect at a time when the sensitive cialized medicine. The degrees and details peace talks are being revived. Unsub­ vary; the essence of the pattern remains the Because of the events in Iran, Israel's stantiated reports of abuse nevertheless same: First the government announces free stnitegic importance to the United States have a harmful effect on Israel's image medical care for everyone-then there is a has taken on a new dimension, and it is and undoubtedly affect her bargaining sudden, insatiable, endless stampede ... for vital that the United States maintain its position at the talks. Such accusations medical attention-then the doctors, crushed commitment to the security and stability merely cloud the real issues and distract by impossible overloads abandon, in despair, of the State of Israel. the attempt to treat each patient's problems A column in the Washington Star of us from the significant problems not yet thoroughly and conscientiously; increasingly, resolved in the peace talks. Nevertheless, February 26 by Alan M. Tig':l.y, editor of doctors turn into traffic directors, routing the Near East Report, points out very I am convinced that these human rights people out of their offices in three- to five­ accusations are untrue and that a secure minute appointments per patient .. . mean­ clearly just how important, strategically, peace treaty for Israel with Egypt is still while the bureaucrats, dismayed by the end­ Israel is to the United States. I commend a possibility.• less fl.ow of money pouring into the bottom­ his column to the attention of my less pit of patients, begin to clamp down colleagues: more and more severely- . . . the restric­ AN ALLY NOT VALUED TO ITS MERIT SOCIALIZED MEDICINE NOT THE tions a:!d the forms in triplicate multi­ (By Alan M. Tigay) ANSWER ply . . . Unfortunately for us, Peikoff can now add The White House not long ago put together Canada to his list. e task force to find ways to improve the abil­ HON. STEVEN D. SYMMS As hard as Kennedy and others might try ity of American intelligence gatherers to pre­ to convince you differently, the outcome of dict political instability in countries of criti­ OF IDAHO socialized medicine is just this predictable. cal importance to the United States. The need IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES If the government is paying the bill, then a for such a study is obvious in light of the way Iran's turmoil took the Carter administration Monday, March 5, 1979 bureaucracy must be set up in order to ac­ count for the public funds being spent. As a by surprise. • Mr. SYMMS. Mr. Speaker, most of my logical consequence, it will ultimately be the But one lesson from the Iranian crisis colleagues are a ware of my long-standing· government who will decide who deserves should be clear without another intelligence and receives its funds, what a particular serv­ review-the importance of Israel to U.S. in­ opposition to attempts which are now terests in the Middle East. being made in both the House and the ice is worth, what services are necessary, and indeed the conditions will be made. And, as Ye3, Saudi Arabia is more important to the Senate to introduce legislation which all of us know from firsthan i experience, United States in the post-shah Middle East; would abolish the American health care government agencies are not the epitome of so are Egypt and Jordan. But unlike those system as we now know it. Socialized efficiency and sympathy. countries, no study is needed to demonstrate medicine, in my opinion, will only open a Not only has Kennedy erred in assessing Israel's political stability, military strength Pandora's box of bureaucratic ills which, the Canadian situation, but he is also wrong and self-reliance democracy and-most im­ once in place, cannot be easily remedied. in his basic assumption that medical care portant in light of recent events-its record is a human right. What about the rights of of changing governments peacefully. I would commend to my colleagues a No ot her American friend in the area can letter published in the Arizona Republic, those who are forced to provide this service? When my tap is broken, I have no absolute make these claims and none is likely to enter November 11, 1978, by Sally Anne Hayes claim on the services of a plumber. In a free Israel's league as far as stability is concerned of Peterborough, Ontario. As the letter country, that workman decides whether or for a long time. states, socialized medicine has not been not he will look after my need. The services The problem the State Department has al­ the cure-all some had hoped for. Indeed. of a doctor are no different, in spite of the ways had in attaching too much importance it has caused the quality of health care fact that they may be much more crucial to to Israel is that, despite its stability and me. Because I am ill, I should have no legal reliability, it is the enemy of every other na­ in Canada to plummet. tion in the region, including some reasonably CANADIAN HEALTH PLAN Is CALLED FAILURE claim to any other free man's services, nor is it moral to ensure, by law, that all my friendly countries that have huge oil reserves. On Oct. 9, Sen. Edward Kennedy was seen fellow citizens must pay for my recovery. Yet Rather than viewing Arab oil wealth as on Canadian and American television bla­ this is exactly what a public health scheme an argument for downplaying Israel's impor­ tantly praising socialized medicine and using does. It enslaves some for the benefit of tance to the U.S., however, the administra­ six unfortunate Canadians to help bolster his others. And if we calmly sit back and allow tion should view it as an incentive for using argument that the United States should some, indeed any, of our fellow citizens to be its influence t o move Israel and its more adopt a national health scheme. Newspaper reduced to servitude for our benefit, then we moderate neighbors closer together for the reports included his premise that national deserve no less than the same treatment sake of peace and regional stability, not to health care is a human right and his claim when the state decides that our services are mention U.S. interests. The administration that "the plan is working fine in Canada and somebody else's human right. has had some success in moving Israel, and other countries." Government-run medicare is not humane, Egypt together but has failed dismally with This nonsense cannot go unchallenged. nor is it economical or even in the best inter­ the rest of its presumed friends in the Arab After almost 10 years of socialized medicine ests of its citizens. Bondage never is. Many world. in the province of Ontario under OHIP, con­ of your fellow Americans and doctors are Over the years Israel has given the United sider the following: fighting to avoid the sa,::ne plight that we States immense strategic rewards. Foremost Our medical profession is all but enslaved; now have in Canada. Many a~ escapees of has been intelligence, the area where Wash­ health costs soar, but the helpless Ontario so~ialized medicine from other parts of the ington seems to have made major blunders citizens are forced to continue paying for this world. Help them. For in doing so, you are in Iran. There have been reports, in fact, burgeoning monster because we are allowed helping yourself to avoid our fate. Me ::l.ical that Israeli intelligence warned us more no alternative to the government monopoly skills are too precious for you to risk losing than a year ago of the shah's impending fall, on health insurance; both patients and doc- your doctors when they finally get fed up but that the reports were discounted. March 5, 1.979 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 8917 Israel is also a deterrent to Soviet designs tinguished National Academy of Sciences care problems at the local level, thereby in the region. "'The ability of the U.S. to pro­ is something in which Ernest Moy can improving health and containing costs. tect its securitv interests in the Middle East take great pride. Generally, the chamber's health/ action is closely linked, if not dependent on, the maintenance of a potent Israeli military As a member of the House Science and program recommends that a greater capability in the area," said a letter sent to Technology Committee, I work on almost effort be made by business to help instill President Carter last month by 170 retired a daily basis with the most eminent sci­ more competition, cost consciousness and generals and admirals. entists this Nation has produced. Th~ir individual responsibility for health into "A U.S. interagency study on the global contributions to our American way otf life the health care system. military balance concluded recently that, in are too numerous to list, but I believe The health/ action program is ex­ the event of a non-nuclear conflict in the plained in a two-part kit: First, national Middle East, Israel, by itself, 'might deter all Members of this Chamber will agree Soviet combat forces intervention or prevent that without their diligence and their health care strategy, a series of five re­ completion of such deployment,' " the letter talent, this Nation would be much differ­ ports sponsored by the National Cham­ asserted "If not for the proven capability of ent than the magnificent place it is today. ber Foundation and conducted by Inter­ the Israeli armed forces, we would be forced There is no doubt in my mind that Study of Minneapolis, a leading public now to station a significant number of men it is just a matter of a few years before policy research firm; and second, health/ and substantial materiel in that region." Ernest Moy of Dix Hills, L.I., joins the action, a guide for business and com­ The benefits America derives from Israel American scientific community as one of munity leaders to help start and follow accrued out of a tiny initial investment--in through on the recommendations from the form of political recognition in 1948- its most promising members, if that in­ that was based more on emotion than strate­ deed is his choice. The recent designation the five strategy reports. gic consideration. Large-scale U.S. aid didn't by the National Academy indicates that These health/ action kits are being reach Israel until this decade. Israel devel­ his abilties are commensurate with that made available to business leaders across oped its intelligence, its military and its de­ challenge.• the country. For my colleagues who mocracy on its own. This contrasts with would be interested in reviewing the kits other regimes-Iran and South Vietnam in more detail, I would suggest that you come to mind, but there are others-that vir­ HOSPITAL COST CONTAINMENT contact Jan Ozga of the chamber at tually have owed their existence to the 202/ 659-6108. In the interim, and over United States and which, despite much larger initial investment from Washington, have the course of this week and part of next, had a nagging tendency to crumble. HON. JAMES T. BROYHILL I am going to insert in the RECORD sum­ The Carter administration has consistently OF NORTH CAROLINA maries of each of the five reports begin­ expressed a general commitment to Israel's IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ning tomorrow with report No. 1 "How security. When Ambassador Ephraim Evron Monday, March 5, 1979 Business Interacts with the Health Care recently presented his credentials, the presi­ System." I hope that this information dent commented on Israel's strategic impor­ • Mr. BROYHILL. Mr. Speaker, Presi­ will be useful and informative for my tance to the United States. Nevertheless, the dent Carter will send Congress today his colleagues in their understanding of the strategic aspect of U.S.-Israel relations has revised legislative proposal to control not been reflected in the administration's complex field of health care. Addition­ policies. hospital costs. As many of my colleagues ally, I hope that this material will be Intermittent pressure on Israel during the from the 95th Congress will recall, this is useful to Members of Congress as they peace negotiations, the clear title toward an issue which was heavily debated in study the President's cost control bill and Egypt and Saudia Arabia, and the apparent the House and Senate last year. Numer­ the other legislative alternatives which failure to recognize Israel's enhanced stra­ ous hospital cost control proposals were have as their basis some form of added tegic importance in view of the upheaval in under consideration in four separate Federal regulation. Iran all suggest that, despite occasional subcommittees. But, no resolution was At this point, I am having included in statements to the contrary, the administra­ reached due to the complexity and con­ the RECORD a listing of reasons for rising tion sees the Jewish state as a strategic troversial nature of the subject matter. liability. health care costs in order to prefix the U.S. policy makers have yet to learn all the With the introduction of the Presi­ report summaries which will follow in lessons of Iran. While Carter's statement on dent's new bill today, we can expect an­ the next 5 legislative days. This summary, Israel at Evron 's welcoming ceremony was other long debate in the Congress over as well as those for the five reports. have an encouraging sign; more such signs are the merits of interjecting additional Fed­ been prepared by the chamber and are needed. For if the administration doesn't rec­ eral regulation into the private, health available in the complete set of health/ ognize a truly stable ally when it sees one, it care sector. My constituents tell me that action kits. is unlikely to benefit from an intelligence they want less Government intervention. study on predicting events in the grayer SOME REASONS FOR RISING HEALTH CARE They also tell me that they want a bal­ COSTS areas of global stability.e anced Federal budget. While I certainly The United States has an excellent but recognize the need to control rising expensive health care system. Most sup­ NAC HONORS DIX HILLS STUDENT health care costs, I must admit that I porters and critics of the system agree on have little faith when Government offi­ this point. According to the Congressional cials talk about cutting costs; they never Budget Office, there are three major causes HON. JEROME A. AMBRO mention that Government itself is one of for rising health care costs: higher prices OF NEW YORK (55 percent) , higher utilization rates (35 per­ the chief contributors to those costs. cent) , and population increases (10 percent). IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES For this and many other reasons, I These factors, in turn, are related to the Monday, March 5, 1979 support the industry's "voluntary effort" following underlying problems: to address the problem of rising hospital Government Programs. Although rising • Mr. AMERO. Mr. Speaker, last Satur­ costs. I believe we should give the indus­ steadily for at least a quarter of a century, day, I had the pleasure of attending the try ample time to continue to prove it­ health care costs skyrocketed after 1966, National Academy of Sciences' 38th An­ self without the undue threat of Federal the very year the federal government imple­ nual Science Talent Search Exhibition control "hanging over its heads." It seems mented tax-supported Medicare and Medic­ here in Washington. It is with great pride to me that we should foster the indus­ aid, making more health services financially that I point out that among the 40 high available to elderly and poor persons. These try's efforts and not hinder the progress persons traditionally require more health school students who won this national with the prospect of Federal controls be­ services than other members of society. As competition in scientific scholarship is ing triggered in. a result, for the first time the increase in a young man from my own congressional In addition to the "voluntary effort" the cost of medical care surpassed the in­ district on Long Island, Ernest M. Moy I would also like to take this opportunity crease in the cost of living. Although in of Dix Hills. to bring to my colleagues' attention an­ the future there may be fewer poor per­ A student at Half Hollow Hills High other private sector alternative to curb­ sons, the number of persons 65 and over is School, Ernest's truly outstanding aca­ ing health care inflation. Appropriateiy, expected to increase. demic achievement in the field of science it comes from the National Chamber of Hospitals. More than 40 percent of the na­ tion's health care dollar pays for hospital is a credit not only to himself, but also Commerce of the United States. The bills. Some hospitals oversupply and over­ to his parents and his school's faculty chamber's program, called health/ action, treat in their effort to provide quality care. which has done such a remarkable job provides detailed, practical recommenda­ In some cases, this is influenced by reim­ in educating this most talented young tions on how business can help apply bursement policies of health insurance; in American. To be recognized by the dis- private. voluntary solutions to health other cases, an oversupply of resources con- 3918 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 5, 1979 tributes to the problem. There may be as tration (OSHA). Millions of dollars more say no crisis is yet at hand. Energy Secre­ many as 200,000 empty beds in United States were spent complying with the Life Safety tary James Schlesinger says not only that hospitals, half of which may be totally un­ Code requirements imposed by the Depart­ conservation is necessary, but that govern­ necessary to meet normal requirements. It ment of Health, Education, and Welfare. ment fuel allocations, Sunday gas station costs an estimated $20,000 a year to main­ These are only two of the many agencies closings and even rationing are on the tain each of these beds. Also, in an effort which have a costly impact on the health horizon. Senator Jackson, who often echoes to attract physicians and provide the best care industry. Schlesinger's sentiments, is predicting dol­ possible care, some hospitals have bought Inflation. As in the rest of the economy, lar-a-gallon gasoline. Who's right? I say expensive diagnostic and treatment equip­ inflation plays a major role in higher costs, the president is closer than Schlesinger, ment. This machinery not only is costly to including items such as increased salaries for whose dramatic statements are in danger buy, but it is expensive to operate and staff. personnel and higher overhead such as utility of misleading Congress and panicking the And, in some cases, it duplicates similar units costs. But, equipment and techniques have public. The cutoff of Iran's oil exports has in neighboring facilities. improved over the past 10 years, so long-term set the Chicken Little crew of assorted More than 42 percent of all hospital board cost comparisons can be misleading.e academic, journalistic and government members are business people. Are they mak­ doomsday prophets to work, smacking their ing the same sound management de<:isions lips and wringing their hands. Maybe this for hospitals as they do for their own busi­ is it, they say. Maybe God, or rather Allah, nesses? THE ENERGY SHORTAGE is finally punishing us for our sinful, waste­ Physicians. About 20 percent of the na­ ful ways. tion's health care bill goes for doctors' bills. But there is no crisis, nor need there be However, about 70 percent of all health care HON. NICHOLAS MAVROULES one in the future, unless we make one our­ decisions are made by physicians. Right­ selves. And we surely will do just that if fully, these decisions have focused more on OF MASSACHUSETTS we resort to such controls as mandatory the quality than on the cost of services. How­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES allocations and rationing. These would be ever, more care may not necessarily mean Monday, March 5, 1979 designed to maintain a system of price con­ better care. Also, the threat of malpractice trols in the US while world prices of crude suits has forced doctors to practice defen­ eMr. MAVROULES. Mr. Speaker, energy oil rise. This price gap is a sure prescription sive medicine, such as ordering more tests, is a matter growing in importance with for "shortages." We should have learned prescribing more drugs, and conducting each passing day, and it must be ac­ from the Arab oil embargo of 1973-74 that more procedures than may be necessary. knowledged not with words, as in the intervention with the market for oil and Such practices and the higher cost of mal­ oil products causes all kinds of fearful dis­ practice insurance also drive up costs. past, but with firm, well-directed action. locations, real shortages, economic harm, Many physicians tend to specialize in spe­ Time is running out, however. The need and many inconveniences. We should re­ cific disease-oriented services and to locate to resolve the ever-larger threat of en­ member that Holland and Israel, which in major metropolitan areas, creating medi­ ergy shortage is upon us today. were nominally embargoed by the Arabs, cally underserved rural and inner city areas The Arab oil embargo of 1973-74, the never had lines at gas stations, but they and describing the availability of primary subsequent, continuing price escalation had no price controls on oil either. care practitioners. Incentives often are lack­ Let us review some facts about the present ing for physicians to practice in needy areas. of crude oil, and now the Iranian oil oil cutback. Iranian exports have dropped Again, business is the major private financ­ shortage should be enough to alert us from about five mililon barrels per day er of physicians services and should have that our energy house is not in order, our (mbd) to zero for several weeks now. It a role in influencing policies and programs efforts have been half-hearted and un­ could be months before substantial exports to help correct problems associated with convincing, and have fomented an at­ are resumed. Even when they are, some ex­ the geographic and specialty distribution mosphere of panic. Needless to say, our perts guess that exports will remain below of physicians. economy has suffered as well. three to four mbd-not just because Kho­ Health Insurance. More than 90 percent meini wants to save oil for future genera­ of all Americans have some protection But we have not learned from these tions, but because the wells won't produce against financial losses due to illness or in­ events. Each new initiative by the admin­ more without skilled Western technicians. jury. This percentage includes private and istration seems to make us more depend­ In the meantime, however, other countries, public health insurance. But health insur­ ent on outside energy sources and farther principally Saudi Arabia, have increased ance has tended to encourage the use of the their production to take advantage of the removed from a study of energy alter­ shortfall; they sell their additional oil at more expensive hospital care rather than natives like coal and the sun. In human outpatient services. Not enough policies pro­ much higher prices on the spot market­ vide coverage for preventive or outpatient terms, each new initiative seems to take and at great profit. Taking into account services. a pound of flesh from each and every this additional production, the net short­ Since reimbursement is generally made American in terms of dollars, comfort fall for the world at present seems to be after-the-fact, there is little or no incen­ and convenience. The President's recent about two mbd, which neatly matches the tive to curb costs. Under the present sys­ gas rationing and sales restriction plan reported drawdown of oil stocks, reported at tem, the more health services provided, the is a case in point. two mbd. The current "shortage" should greater the total reimbursement. therefore be close to zero. More than 80 percent of all health insur­ Today, I ask that we begin a new dia­ To gain some perspective on these num­ ance is bought through the workplace, with log of the crucial issue of energy self­ bers, consider that total world production, employers paying about 70 percent of the sufficiency, but this time with purpose (and consumption) , is about 60 mbd. Nor­ cost. Thus, business is a major participant and direction. I ask, additionally, that mal OPEC production is over 30 mbd, and in this development. we enter into this task with open minds US consumption is nearly 20 mbd. The Delivery Systems. Between health care pro­ for fresh ideas and a concern, finally, world shortfall of two mbd is only some viders and insurance reimbursement lies the for what is best for our great land. three percent of production. If everyone issue of how care is delivered. Increasingly, would reduce oil consumption to 97 percent savings are being demonstrated by prepaid The answers to our energy problems of last years then there should be no group medical practices, also called health have not appeared, for the hard ques­ problem. maintenance organizations (HMOs). Here pa· tions have yet to be asked. But before If the Iranian cutoff persists for a very tients pay doctors to keep them healthy, not those of us participating in this dialog long time, something like the following will just to treat them when they are sick. Also, can ask these questions, the barricades happen. The market will balance itself, but because more care is delivered in an outpa­ surrounding the free flow of energy in·· at a price approximately 10 percent above tient setting, hospitalization is reduced. formation must be brought down. Toward what it would have been otherwise. World Thus, the HMO deals not only with delivery, consumption will decrease by perhaps one to but with the organization and financing of that end I commend to my colleagues two percent and some additional produc­ health services. the following articles, respectively, from tion will come in. A 10 percent incraa.se in Yet, despite the advantages of HMO-like the New Republic and the Saturday Re­ the price of oil is nothing to sneeze at. It operations, government policy and private view, both of which I found informative amounts to about $1.40 per barrel (of 42 involvement have often retarded the growth and also instructive: "The Oil Crisis that gallons) . But it is not a calamity e:tl1er, of such plans, which is just the opposite of Isn't" by S. Fred Singer and "Solar En­ because it only comes to about three cents what is intended. The original stringent ergy: Our Bungled Energy Policy" by per gallon of gas when the price increase is federal HMO law is a case in point. Business Steven Ferrey: passed through on a dollar-for-dollar basis. is in a prominent position to improve this In the U.S. where only half of the oil is im­ situation, and, because of federal law, will THE OIL CRISIS THAT ISN'T ported, the effective increase will be !ess than eventually be drawn more into this issue. (By S. Fred Singer) three cents. It will be even less if we figure Government Regulations. In 1977 it cost Anyone who isn't confused about whether out how to use our great current surplus of business nearly $2.8 billion to comply with there is an Iranian oil crisis has not been natural gas to substitute for oil in various regulations issued by the Labor Department's listening to the US government. President energy applications, such as heating and Occupational Safety and Health Adminis- Carter and Treasury Secretary Blumenthal electricity generation. March 5, 1979 EXTENSION S OF REMARKS 3919

If the facts are so unthreatening, you more money on the spot market. Spot prices one-is that nobody refers to the Iranian might ask, then why are some oil companies are reported to be as much as 2. percent cutoff as an embargo. Therefore it has made already reporting, shortages and promising above long-term contract prices. This is not far less impact on the world except to raise reduced allocations in the future? Why is a cause for worry. During the 1973-74 em­ oil prices slightly. Shell rationing gasoline? Why do some com­ bargo, spot prices ranged up to 800 percent The sooner we can demonstrate to every­ panies complain that they may have t o close above the contract prices. Of course, if spot one that an oil embargo would be largely down their refiners for lack of oil? There is prices for the incremental oil stay up high, ineffective, the sooner the world can get on an a nswer for everything: these companies, they will put pressure on contract prices with its business and pursue more rational large or small, want something-usually and gradually force them up-but by a lot policies. The Iranian oil cutoff provides such relief from regulations or often just more less. a demonstration, and it should dispel, once money. Note that while Standard Oil of Cali­ The US buys only five percent of i.ts oil and for all, the fear of an embargo, which fornia reports shortages, Standard Oil of Ohio from Iran. In addition, we have a glut of has so strongly dominated the thinking of reports that it has "oil coming out of its natural gas. And we have huge coal supplies. governments and of the public over the last ears" (The Wall Street Journal, February 2). Why, then, does the Department of Energy fl ve years. This fear now turns out to be While Exxon warns of problems ahead, some want to conjure up a crisis when there isn't largely unwarranted, though it encourages oil production is shut in in Califo:nia, and one? Is it yet more self-justification by the both political and economic blackmail. much more oil could be gotten out of Alaska bureaucracy? Or is Schlesinger, the CIA and The throughout observer will raise the by installing more pumps along the pipelme. Pentagon veteran, intrigued by international following question: if the Iranian oil short­ Shell Oil is rationing unleaded premium crises? Do the regulators want more atten­ fall is equivalent to or greater than the gasoline, but that has nothing to do with tion, inore money and more political power? Arab embargo of 1973-74, then why doesn't the Iranian cutback. It has a lot to do witfi All of these motivations may play a part, the world price of oil triple or quadruple? the fact that gasoline prices have been reg­ but I suspect that this crisis is being con­ Basically, in 1973 the world oil market ulated in such a way that Shell has not jured up to create a political climate in swit ched from a reasonably competitive been able to build the necessary refinery which it is easier to push through policies market controlled by a monopoly. But once capacity. Small oil refineries now are pinched which the bureaucracy deems to be impor­ one has achieved a monopoly, there is no for oil and clamoring for government allo­ way of doing it again. Even monopolies tant. Ever since Jimmy Carter uttered his must obey the laws of supply and demand. cations. But their problem is that they had famous "MEOW" (Moral Equivalent of War) been buying oil on the spot market because In the last few days Kuwait has predicted in April 1977, there has been agitation for a that the world price would indeed triple­ they made more money that way. Now that National Energy Plan-really any kind of spot prices have gone up above contract and by April 1979. But it won't . Any price plan, just as long as it could be said that rise will depress world demand for oil and prices, they want government help. It's a the government got an energy plan out of familiar story, just like that of :the farmers at the same time stimulate more production, Congress. The plan itself keeps changing, producing a glut and holding prices down. demonstrating at the Department of Agricul­ with most of the original items abandoned. ture. Eve:1 if Saudi Arabia ceased all its produc­ After insisting for two years on a price regu­ tion, about eight mbd, the consequence It certainly is strange that so many oil lation scheme for oil that is even more on­ companies warn of cutbacks in deliveries of would only be a world price rise of about erous than what we have now, DOE now re­ 50 percent. 10 to 20 percent when the world shortfall portedly wants to deregulate oil, perhaps is only three percent. Perhaps they find it Why did the Arab oil embargo produce adding a large severance tax to siphon off shortages in the US, as evidenced by long more profitable to sell some oil on the spot "windfall profits." This is not a bad idea market in countries where there are no price lines at gasoline stations, and won't the cur- even though some people, including the edi­ 1·ent Iranian shortfall have the same effect? controls; certainly they could lose money by tors of The Washington Post, hold the droll importing higher-cost spot oil into the The question is complicated but, briefly view that controls cannot be lifted when st ated, the horrendous side effects of the em­ United States. The Gulf Oil Company im­ prices are rising. Anyway, Senator Jackson ports from Iran but has not announced any bargo were due primarily to the panicky ac­ has promised us one-dollar gasoline plus cutbacks. "I find it difficult to conceive of tions of the US government-well-intended mandatory allocations; so there is really but wrongly ':l.pplied. The price controls that physical shortages or rationing," says Warren nothing to lose by freeing prices. Another B. David, Gulf's chief economist. He says that exist ed at the time (and still exist, but in a the international oil companies "are still major DOE goal, also worthy, is to persuade different form). for a while made it uneco­ Congress to repeal the law forbidding export nomic to import oil. The government also or­ flexible enough to transfer oil around," and dered refineries to produce more heating oil he thinks the world could do without Iran·s of Alaskan oil. This would make way for an eventual doubling of Alaskan production. and less gasoline. Finally, it allocated gaso­ oil for the next few years, if Arab p1·oducers line administratively, giving surpluses to maintain their output. and full production in California. If Alaskan oil could be exported, it could be swapped some regions and deficits to others, rather But what if Saudi Arabia stops its extra than letting the market allocate gasoline by production and Iran remains shut in? That for Mexican or other oil to be shipped to the East Coast-with everyone gaining in the price. When the government eventually al­ would be serious, but not a calamity. The lowed prices to rise, it did so on the first of price would rise some more-about another transaction. Still other DOE objectives, in­ volving considerable emotion, have to do every mont h ; not surprisingly, distributors 10 percent. But what if all of OPEC were to and gas stations would "run out" toward the stop its production? Now, that would be the with slowing down environmental regula­ tions on coal burning, and delaying the end of the month, holding their supplies for equivalent of the sky falling-calamitous, the coming price increase. It is also a docu­ but not very likely. phase-out of lead additives in gasoline in order to conserve oil. All these goals, some mented fact that US oil stocks were greater at the end o f the Arab embargo, in April For.tunately, we have some independent good, some less so, may . be achievable in a 1974, t han they were during the height of the indicators of how serious the world situation crisis atmosphere. actually is. Countries that drew huge quan­ embargo. Stocks were considerably higher tities of their oil from Iran-South Africa So the Iranian cutback does have some during the embargo than t hey were a year uses. The DOE has been a little slow to (90 percent), Japan (20 percent) and Israel e3.rlier. So much for shortages! Yet despite (60 percent)-have no.t flown into a panic. catch on to the fact that the cutback in thiz dismal record, the regulators want us to Iran was potentially larger than the 1974 They are all buying oil elsewhere, even if it take another chance on mandatory alloca­ Arab embargo. But now it has found that costs slightly more, and even if the cost must tions and other kinds of controls. a "crisis" pays, and is pursuing it with To cover a final aspect of the Iranian be passed on to consumer. Significantly, the great vigor. The oil companies can also be Israelis have not raised the matter; US oil "crisis" , what should one make of the Iran­ relied upon to blame shortcomings on the ian government's announcement that it will guarantees under the 1975 Sinai agreement Iranian "crisis," and OPEC, of course, has whereby they gave back captured oil wells n::>t sell oil to Israel? This is mostly internal already used the cut in Iranian production propaganda designed to appease Islamic ex­ to Egypt. There are other indicators of a as a pretext for announcing a price increase non-crisis: the strategic petroleum reserve tremist s, and has little practical significance. of 14 lf:? percent for 1979. (Because of ex­ Oil is quite a fungible substance, as the on the US gulf coast is not being tapped by pected inflation, the real price rise is ex­ Arabs learned during the 1973 embargo. the Department of Energy, nor does DOE pected to be only about five percent.) Once Iranian oil is put back on the world have plans to do so. The oil-sharing arrange­ There is another use for the Iranian oil market, ii will displace some other oil, which ment of the International Energy Agency cutoff-a political one which may have will then be "swapper out" by oil traders to has not been activated, yet, though one major significance for us. An important supply Israel. Even a permanent cut in Iran­ shouldn't exclude this possibili.ty, only be­ lesson can be drawn from the present Iran­ ian production cou!d not harm any particu­ cause bureaucracies the world over want to ian experience, namely, that a future oil lar country, though it would raise world oil prove their worth by showing activity. embargo is not likely to hurt the US, or prices. One thing is sure; a cut will reduce As is normally the case, the consumer other Western nations for that matter. Iran's oil income and cause severe problems countries are sharing the world shortfall in Right now we have an embargo in every for the Khomeini government. production through the usual market mech­ respect but name. During the height of the The Iranian oil experience may be salu­ anism of prices, using private and national Arab oil embargo, the shortfall in oil pro­ tary if ii convinces the public that the oil companies and many oil brokers. Clearly duction was only two mbd, which is about much-vaunted "oil weapon·• is in fact an South Africa and Japan are bidding oil away the present situation. The only essential dif­ empty threat. We now have an embargo, in from other consumers by offering a little ference-and an important psychological effect, but no huge price jump, no real short- 3920 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 5, 1979 ages, no disruption of the economy-even in convert solar energy directly to electricity, for permanently and safely disposing of countries which bought most of their oil has decreased by 20-fold since they were first this waste. So long as this problem re­ from Iran. The analogy to the emperor's new used a few years ago to power American mains unresolved, the public's health and clothes is quite appropriate. Perhaps that is space satellites. Leading solar experts believe safety and the viability of nuclear power in why the Arabs have never "unsheathed" that five years of mass production could this country are threatened." Six states, in­ their "oil weapon" since 1974. Their scabbard reduce photovoltaic prices yet another 20- cluding California and New York, have al­ really is empty, but until we believe it, they fold. Congress takes this estimation so seri­ ready imposed moratoria on any future con­ will continue to behave as though it con­ ously that last October it passed a bill struction of nuclear faciilties. Department tains a dagger. directing the government to stimulate mass of Energy deputy secretary Jack O'Leary ob­ production by spending $1.5 billion on photo­ serves somberly that "Unless something hap­ SOLAR ECLIPSE: OUR BUNGLED ENERGY POLICY voltaic cells over the next decade. Moreover, pens quickly, nuclear power in this country (By Steven Ferrey) solar enjoys widespread support: A 1978 is dead." America is teetering on the brink of an Harris poll revealed that 94 percent of Amer­ Yet dire predictions of this sort have not energy revolution. Our first great step for­ icans favor rapid development of solar power. deflected DOE from its nuclear course. ward, from wood to coal, u shered in the In­ Yet the Carter administration has done O'Leary himself pledges that legislation to dustrial Revolution and built our cities. Our little to substantiate its official advocacy of speed the construction of nuclear power second, the harnessing of electricity, pro­ solar. The Department of Energy has not only plants will be the administration's "top en­ vided the dramatic innovations of lighting, declined to initiate any major solar legisla­ ergy priority of 1979.'' In addition, the ad­ air conditioning, and automation. The third, tion, it has actually opposed a number of ministration proposes to be the exorcist for the use of petroleum to power the automo­ such bills when they have appeared in Con­ the as yet undisposable commercial nuclear bile, created unprecedented individual mo­ gress. The DOE has also adoptempetitive commercializa­ bill allows for properly managed develop­ Association in a speech last October with the tion of solar energy. These recommendations ment of natural resources and fulfills the news that solar power had no place in the will soon result in a majcr solar policy state­ promise made to the State of Alaska by 20th century. This contradiction of official ment by the President. the Alaska Statehood Act. policy induced Congressmanu Richard Ottin­ But even this step in the right directic n Mr. Speaker, I want my colleagues to ger (D-New York) to write to President Car­ may prove unsteady. Solar authorities were know that the bill reported by the In­ ter demanding O'Leary's resignation. discouraged by the version of the DPR solar terior Committee is the same as that Of course, solar energy can't be ignored report released to the public. Expert Amory carefully crafted compromise which forever, and the energy giants know it. While Lovins called it "a largely vacuous and un­ on the one hand they do their best to de­ creative exercise in ducking the big issues nearly succeeded last year. It sets aside ride this upstart-a recent Mobile ad char­ that are the focus of internal debate and nearly 100 million acres as conservation acterized solar energy as pure fantasy-on will . .. go to the President for decision." units; it meets the needs of the Nation the other, they have quietly begun buying The executive branch continues to stand and of the people of Alaska. This is a bill their way into the field. Among the 10 com­ in the way of congressional attempts at which we can all support, and I urge panies earning the largest solar revenues in boosting solar power. Bills to make loans to my colleagues to do so when it reaches 1977 were Exxon (through its :Daystar and small solar businesses, to develop inexpen­ the floor. Solar Power subsidiaries), General Electric, sive mass-produced photovoltaic solar cells, The following is a summary of the bill General Motors, Alcoa, and Grumman. Such and to solarize new military housing recently which was reported by the Interior giants as Westinghouse, Bechtel. and Lock­ were enacted into law despite administration heed are not far behind. Oil companies have resistance. Congressman Robert Drinan la­ Committee: also begun to acquire major solar firms. In bels the administration's position as "Hypoc­ SUMMARY OF ALASKA LANDS BILL REPORTED addition to Exxon's acquisitions, leading risy . . . characterized by glowing rhetoric BY HOUSE INTERIOR COMMITTEE solar companies such as Tyco Laboratories on solar energy, but little meaningful ac­ The following summarizes the Alaska lands and SES Systems have been taken over by ticn." bill favorably reported by the House Interior Mobile and Shell, respectively. In these early days, we enjoy an unprece­ Committee on February 28. The official bill DOE, meanwhile, has encouraged this trend dented opportunity to guide the cour.::: e of number is still H.R. 39 because the reported by handing out contracts for gargantuan­ our own energy revoluticn, perhaps the last bill was adopted as an amendment in the scale space-age ventures to giant firms, such transition upon which the nation will nature of a substitute. However, the measure energy conglomerates foremost among them. have to embark. The administration's mis­ is printed as H.R. 2199 introduced by Rep. It is currently funding a $123 million "power guided solar policy has not only obstructed Huckaby (D-La.) This bill represents the tower" designed by McDonnell Douglas Cor­ this great change, but may have fumbled an compromise agreement reached by Messrs. poration in California's Mojave Desert, de­ irretrievable opportunity to direct techno­ Udall, Seiberling, Durkin, Andrus, Stevens, spite strong criticism of the project as "eco­ logical change for the public good.e Jackson, Hansen, and Young last October. nomically unpromising" from the White House Office of Science and Technology LAND DESIGNATIONS Policy, The bill affects a total of 120.6 million acres Even more exotic is federal research aimed of land in Alaska or nearly 33 percent of the INTERIOR COMMITTEE PASSES A State. It creates (a) 20.5 million acres of at launching a twc-mile-wide !'Olar satellite GOOD ALASKA LAND BILL into space. At a staggering cost which could Parks, (b) 21.6 million acres of Preserves, approach $25 billion the satellite would (c) 4.7 million acres of National Recreation beP,m collected solar energy by microwave Areas, (d) 44.9 million acres of Wildlife Re­ HON. DON YOUNG fuges, (e) approximately 1.5 million acres of radiation back to a 55,000 acre earth receiv­ OF ALASKA ing station. The solar satellite, promoted by Wild and Scenic Rivers, (f) adds 3 million a consortium of aerospace companies, has IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES acres to existing Forests, and (g) establishes been soundly criticized by public groups as 3.4 million acres of Conservation Areas. To­ an outrageously expensive attempt to monop­ Monday, March 5, 1979 tal "new lands" set-aside are 99.6 million olize the sun. • Mr. YOUNG of Alaska. Mr. Speaker, acres. This attraction to the superproject and for the past 2 years, the Congress has In addition, approximately 19 million acres the giant corporations poses several grave wrestled with the problem of how to of existing Forests, Parks, and Refuges are problems, outside of the intrinsic quality of reclassified as Wilderness areas. Within the manage Federal lands in the State of 99 .6 million acres of "new lands", 32 million the projects themselves. First, it tends to Alaska. The issue is complex and the stifle innovation by reversing the slow, evo­ acres are also designated Wilderness; total lutionary process that leads to technological potential rewards are tremendous: Mil­ Wilderness is 51 million acres. Lastly, 2 mil­ breakthrough. As Jerry Plunkett, head of lions of acres to be set aside for protec­ lion acres within the existing Tongass Forest the Montana Energy Institute and frequent tion and management of fish, wildlife, are reclassified as Special Management solar expert witness in Congress, observes, recreation, and scenic values; minerals, Areas. "Solar R and D is completely misdirected. oil, and gas, and timber resources to The following chart illustrates the various DOE wants to build a 747 before they'll fly improve our balance of trade and sus­ land designations : any plane at all." Plunkett goes on to point tain our Nation in this time of crisis; Parks------20.5 out that the majority of technological inno­ settlement of the land entitlement dis­ Preserves ------21. 6 vations have come not from the giant labora­ pute which will give both the State of National recreation areas ______4.7 tories but from "unreccgnized inventors" Refuges------44.9 working independently. Furthermore, as the Alaska and Alaskan Natives their land; and continued opportunity for hunting, Forests ______--__ ------3.0 solar field becomes more and more concen­ Wild and scenic rivers ______1. 5 trated, the sort of competition that stimu­ fishing, and maintenance of the Alaska Conservation areas______3. 4 lates invention will wither away. way of life. The second problem, however, may prove In the last hours of the last session, Total ------99.6 3922 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 5, 1979 Existing parks______5. O stant 265 percent increase in the National and report to Congress re the advisability of New parks ______22. 7 Wilderness Preservation System. Wilderness private mineral exploration and development Existing refuges ______11. O designations occur within the following on such lands. New refuges______9. 1 units: (a) 28 million acres-Parks/ Preserves, Finally, Sect ion 1305 authorizes the Presi­ Forests ------3.0 (b) 20 million acres-Wildlife Refuges, and dent to recommend opening certain with­ ( c) 3 million acres-Forest. drawn lands in Alaska for resource develop­ Total------50.8 WILDERNESS-SOUTHEAST ALASKA ment under emergency circumstances. No opening can occur, however, without specific Title VI of the bill sets out the complex Existing forest reclassified for special Wilderness package for Southeast Alaska's Congressional approval. management------2. 0 Tongass National Forest; the bill provides TIMBER New set-asides______99. 6 sufficient timber to maintain existing jobs For information regarding timber resources Existing areas reclassified wilderness__ 19. O and closes 25 percent of the Forest to de­ in Southeast Alaska, see the "Wilderness­ Existing forest reclassified for special velopment; and creates the option of adding Southeast Alaska" section. management------2.0 another 2 million acres to Wildnerness in The bill creates no interior Forests but ten years. Within the Tongass, 2.9 million does provide that timber harvest for local and Total ------120.6 acres are classified Wilderness and another regional use only shall be permitted, under NATIONAL PARK SERVICE UNITS 1.1 million acres are redesignated a National Fish and Wildlife Service control, in specified Title II adds 44.6 million acres to the Na­ Preserve under the Park Service (Misty portions of the Arctic Wildlife Range Addi­ tional Park Service system; this represents Fiords) . These designations close 25 percent tion and the Yukon Flats Refuge. 170 percent increase in the total U.S. Park of the Forest to all forms of development. STATE LANDS Another 2 million acres are classified as system. Park units total 21.6 million acres The boundaries established by the bill ex­ and include major units such as the 4.8 mil­ Special Management Areas. The timber within these areas may be included in the clude virtually all existing valid State lands; lion acre Gat es of the Arctic Park and the H .R. 39 included over 6 million acres of these 8.5 million acre wrangells-St. Elias Park. Allowable Cut determination but no tirnber harvest can occur on these lands for ten lands within its boundaries. Moreover, ap­ The measure also creates 21.6 million acres proximately 5 million acres of lands the State of Preserves to be managed by the Park years without specific Congressional author­ ization. Moreover, these areas are statutorily selected in November, 1978 to fulfill its State­ Service. The only difference between a Park closed to mineral entry. hood Act land grant are denied by this and a Preserve is that sport hunting is per­ measure. mitted in the latter. Major Preserves include The Secretary of Agriculture is directed to assure an annual allowable cut of 620 million Title VIII of the bill provides for ex­ the 3.1 million acre Gates of the Arctic Pre­ pedited transfer of lands to the State of serve, the 5.4 million acre Noatak units, and board feet ( the level needed to sustain exist­ ing jobs) . In addition, he is to ascertain Alaska. Red tape has kept the State from the 1.1 million acre Misty Fiords area. receiving the lands it was granted 21 years Last ly, three National Recreation Areas whether this 520 MMBF goal can be met after t he ten-year period without harvesting !n ago in the Statehood Act. Tit le VIII elimi­ under Park Service direction are established. nat es the red tape and provides for legis­ These unit.s total 2.5 million acres and are t he Special Management areas. He is also t o study t he Wilderness potential lative transfer of the specified lands. established in the north Wrangells (1.24 mil­ NATIVE LANDS lion acres) and two in the Noatak area (1.27 o~ these Areas and report t o Congress with million acres) . More developed recreation and his recommendations in t en years. The Native corporat ions have received title regulated mineral leasing can occur in NRA's Essentially, if the projections done by the to less than 5 million acres of their 44 mil­ per the Secretary's discretion. However, re­ indust ry and t he State of Alaska are cor­ lion acre entitlement. Title VIII also pro­ source development activities are specifically rect, it will be necessary to log in some of vides for legislative transfer of lands to the prohibited in the Noatak NRA's. the Special Management Areas after the ten Native corporations. year period to provide 520 MMBF. If the en­ SPORT HUNTING WILDLIFE REFUGES vironmentalist predictions are right, it will Title III sets aside 44.9 million acres of be possible to reclassify these Areas of Wil­ The bill closes 20 million acres in Alaska new Wildlife Refuges. It achieves this by derness without eliminating any existing to sport hunting. Although it keeps open creating eight new Refuges amounting to 21 jobs. many of the prime sport hunting areas, some million acres and expanding four existing very import ant areas are closed by the bill. OIL AND GAS For example, the portion of the Wrangell units by 23 million acres. Major units include The bill affects oil and gas resources in the 8.4 million acre addition to the Arctic Mountains which has produced 2 of the 3 the following fashion: world record sheep is classified as a Park. Wildlife Range, the 13.85 million acre addi­ (a) It excludes the coastal plain of the tion to the Yukon Delta Refuge, and the new Arctic Game Range from Wilderness and di­ ACCESS AND TRANSPORTATION 7.9 million acre Yukon Flats Wildlife Refuge. rect s a 6-year study of the area's oil and The bill contains the following provisions WILD AND SCENIC RIVERS gas potential but stipulates that no drilling re access and transportation : Title V adds 8 rivers outside of conserva­ can occur without Congressional approval; (a) Access to in-holdings for economic tion units to the Wild and Scenic Rivers ( b) In Refuges in Alaska ( open to oil and and other purposes is assured; System; these designations affect approxi­ gas leasing under present law) , the Secre­ (b) Traditional modes of travel shall be mately 1.5 million acres. Within conservation tary is directed to approve or reject lease ap­ permitted to continue in all withdrawals; units, 19 rivers are added to the Rivers sys­ plications within a specified period of time and tem. Overall the bill establishes 27 Wild and (basically 3 months after an EIS is finished); (c) Re major rights-of-way- Scenic Rivers in Alaska. (c) Directs a Federal study of the entire (i) Special transportation planning is to In addition, 14 rivers are designated for North Slope of Alaska to ascertain its oil be done jointly by the State, DOI, and DOT, future study. When studies are completed, and gas potential; (ii) Any application for a major right-of­ these rivers may be added to the System. ( d) It directs the Secretary to establish a way must be identified in this plan before it can be approved, FORESTS program to facilitate oil and gas leasing on non-North Slope on-shore Federal lands in (iii) The Secretary is to render decisions Title IV adds approximately 3 million acres Alaska out.side of conservation units; and on right-of-way applications according to to existing National Forests in Alaska. In ( e) It encompasses approximately 30 mil­ 9 specified criteria; and addition, the Seward National Recreation lion acres of land with oil and gas potential (iv) certain Secretarial decisions are sub­ Area of 1.2 million acres is created within the within its Parks. Refuges, etc. ject to Congressional review. present Chugach National Forest. MINERALS COOPERATIVE MANAGEMENT-BRISTOL BAY BLM UNITS : CONSERVATION AREA & NRA'S The bill statutorily withdraws approxi­ The bill establishes a comprehensive plan­ Title XV establishes three Conservation mat ely 115 million acres of lands in Alaska ning and management program for the Areas totaling 3.4 million acres. Units est ab­ from mineral entry. In addition, 9 million entire Bristol Bay area which covers app.roxi­ lished are the Baird Mountains, the Chand­ other acres will be subject to new mineral mately 15 million acres (this acreage is not alar Area, and along the Steese Highway. leasing provisions (i.e. BLM Conservation factored into the totals which appear on Conservation areas are patterned after the Areas). Furthermore, it closes roughly 50 per­ pages 1 and 2 of this paper). California Desert and Kings Ranch unit.s cent of the lands rated Highly Favorable for The Federal Government, the State and created in California. The BLM is directed to minerals by the U.S. Bureau of Mines. the natives are to work together to produce prepare a land use plan for each unit which It does not include any of the seven world a joint management plan for the region. protects specified values (i.e. caribou migra­ class mineral discoveries in Alaska identified This plan will have to be implemented by tion routes, fisheries habitat, etc.) and per­ by the Stanford Research Institute in Wil­ subsequent action by Congress and the mits compatible units. Resource development derness, Parks, or ot her single use units; H .R. State of Alaska. In the interim, Federal may occur within these units per the land 39-1979 included 4 of the 7 in Wilderness. lands in the area will be managed by the use plan. Furthermore, it places a number of the most Fish and Wildlife Service. If no plan is In addition, the bill designates a 1 million highly rated mineralized areas in State own­ agreed to, the Secretary is directed to pre­ !l.cre White Mountains National Recreation ership or in flexible use units such as Con­ pare his own plan for Federal lands and Area under BLM jurisdiction. servation Areas and NRA's. submit it to Congress. WILDERNESS--GENERAL The bill also authorizes Federal mineral MISCELLANEOUS The bill designates a total of 51 million as:;esi;;ments on all lands in Alaska. Moreover, Native Claims Act Amendments-The bill acres of Wilderness. This represent.s an in- the President is directed to conduct a study includes 13 amendments to the 1971 Alaska March 5, 1979 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3923 Native Claims Settlement Act which have nually increasing their defense spending, TABLE 2.-SOVIET DEFENSE REAL GROWTH-BY SECTOR been agreed to by the Natives, the State, and in real terms, by "about 5 percent." ' the Administration. Real growth in Soviet defense spend­ Peripheral BLM Wilderness Reviews-The bill ex­ Procurement nuclear Ground Tac air (percent) forces forces empts Alaska from Section 603 of FLPMA ing can be derived from the most recent forces data published by the Central Intelli­ which provides that all roadless tracts over 1968 ___ _ 5000 acres in the public domain shall be gence Agency. Each year, the CIA esti­ +5.1 0 16. 1 -9.3 1969 __ __ +1.9 -9. 1 0 0 studied for Wilderness potential. mates Soviet defense spending-for that 1970 ____ +1.1 -13.3 4. 8 +34. 5 "No more" Provision-Section 1209 stipu­ year and for the prior decade-both in 1971_ __ _ +2. 5 +3. 8 6. 1 +30. 8 lates that no funds may be expended by the 1972 ___ _ +2.8 +3. 7 2. 9 +25.5 terms of U.S. dollars and Russian rubles. 1973 ___ _ +7. 5 +3. 6 3. 3 +10.9 Executive Branch regarding any activities In dollars, the Agency estimates how 1974 ___ _ +4. 1 0 1. 4 -9. 9 or studies relating to additional land with­ much it would cost the United States to 1975 __ __ +.6 +3.4 1. 8 -3.1 drawals for environmental purposes in 1976 ____ +4. 0 +6. 7 2. 2 -6.5 Alaska without a concurrent resolution o1 reproduce the Soviet military, ·using U.S. 1977 ___ _ +3. 8 +9. 4 1. 3 +5.2 Congress. Studies authorized in this bill are military pay rates, operating costs, profit . exempt from this section.e margins, technology, and so forth. Be­ Note : Derived from CIA, " Dollar Cost Comparison of Soviet and U.S. Defense Activities , 1967- 1977." Dollars are used because cause of the huge disparities in efficien­ because no such detail is available or inferable from ruble cies, pay scales and level of technology estimates . betw~en the United States and Soviet These figures raise a key question: has SHOULD 3.1-PERCENT INCREASE IN military. establishments, the CIA makes this growth primarily been allocated to PRESIDENT CARTER'S MILITARY no pretense that such an estimate re­ areas threatening to NATO? According SPENDING BUDGET BE PEGGED flects either the actual capabilities or to U.S. intelligence estimates, this has TO NATO'S RECOMMENDATIONS? priorities of the Soviet military. The inadequacy of this measure be­ not been the case. comes apparent when "one realizes that TABLE 3.-ALLOCATION OF REAL GROWTH, SOVIET DEFENSE HON. LES ASPIN if we resumed the draft and reduced pay SPENDING, 1967-77 OF WISCONSIN scales to draft levels, the Soviet "dollar" [In percent! IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES - defense budget would plummet even Monday, March 5, 1979 further because they have more men. Dollars Rubles • Mr. ASPIN. Mr. Speaker, President In rubles, the CIA has a tougher job because a ruble is essentially whatever a NATO-related ______15 15 Carter's budget for fiscal year 1980 calls Intercontinental nuclear ______15 20 Soviet Economic planner says it is, and Ch ina border ______45 35 for military spending to rise 3.1 percent, Research and development______25 30 above and beyond inflation. This is in because the value of a ruble in one sector keeping with the NATO Defense Plan­ of the economy may differ from its value TotaL ______100 100 in another.0 However, when traced over ning Committee's pledge, made at the time, one can observe, at least roughly, ministerial session in May 1977, for "all Derived from CIA, "A Dollar Cost Comparison of Soviet and the trends in Soviet military growth. U.S. Defense Act ivities, 1967- 1977 " ; the same for 1977-1978; member nations" to aim for an annual CIA, "Estimated Soviet Defense Spend ing : Trends and Pros­ real increase in defense spending "in the On average, over the past decade, the pects, " June 1978 ; and from further information provided to 1 CIA estimates that the Soviets have in­ Representative Les Aspin by the Cl A's Military Economic Analy­ region of 3 percent." sis Center, February 1979. Ruble fi gures are less precise than creased military spending, in real terms, dollar estimates. Critics contend that, in a period of tax by about 3 percent in dollars and about revolt, a growing Federal deficit, and re­ The estimates for the first three items duced spending for social programs, this 4 percent in rubles.· Growth has been larger in rubles than in dollars because do not include their share of research is no time for substantial increases in an increasing share of Soviet growth has and development funding. It is not the military budget. Administration offi­ gone · into higher-technology weapons known exactly how much of Soviet R. &. cials, on the other hand, argue that 3 systems. Technology is relatively cheap D. has gone into, say, NATO-related percent real growth on defense is vital and manpower relatively expensive in items. Therefore, the estimate that 15 for national security since, if the United percent of the past decade's growth has States were to renege on this promise, the U.S. military-when measured in dollars-while the reverse is true for the been devoted to threatening Western the other NATO nations would break the Europe is a minimum estimate; if the pledge as well and alliance unity would Russian military-when measured in rubles. proper share of R. & D. is included, the falter considerably. actual figure could be as high as 30 or The administration's perspective raises Furthermore, this growth has not been 35 percent. a number of questions. First. Why was constant, but has fluctuated rather wide­ In any event, the share of growth de­ this pledge made among the NATO na­ ly. In fact, in 7 of the past 10 years voted to NATO would still fall short of tions, and why did they settle on 3 per­ growth has fallen under 3 percent. the share allocated to the Chinese cent as the "magic number"? Second. TABLE 1.-U.S.S.R. ov erall.defense spending- border where the lion's share of addi­ What does 3 percent real growth mean? Real grow th lev el tional Soviet military spending has obvi­ Third. Is measuring real growth in the ( 1977 dollars l ously been dedicated. According to U.S. budget the best way to go about assess­ Perrcent intelligence officials, the Soviets consider ing the strength either of a military pos­ 1968 ------+ 6.8 China to be their No. 1 threat.8 In the ture or of a commitment to an alliance? 1969 ------+ 2.4 half decade from 1967 to 1972, the 1970 ------+ 1.7 Soviets doubled the number of divisions First. Why 3 percent real growth? 1971 ------+ 2 .7 The NATO ministers pledged 3 per­ 1972 ------+ 2.7 deployed in the Far East, from about 20 1973 ------+ 4 .6 to 40 and increased by five times their cent real growth primarily, or ostensibly 0 in response to perceptions of a growing 1974 ------+ 3.1 tactical air power in that region. The Soviet military threat.~ AE Secretary of 1975 ------+ 2 .1 buildup in the Far East slackened be­ Defense Harold Brown stated last Octo­ 1976 ------+ 2.9 tween 1972 and 1977. For example, in ber before the House Armed Services 1977 ------+ 2.1 that half decade the Soviets added only Committee: Derived from CIA, A Doll ar Cost Compari­ four divisions in the Far East. As table In view of the steady and long-standing son of Sov i et and U.S. Defense Activ ities, 2 shows, this trend corresponds to Soviet 1966-1977; and the same 1977- 1978. Dollars military build-up in the past of the Soviet spending generally on ground forces and Union, resulting from their increase in de­ are used because no such level of detail is tacair-higher in the first half of the fense spending of 4 to 5 percent in real terms available or inferable from ruble estimates. decade, slackening thereafter. The each year for nearly 20 years, we must bol­ In other words, the Soviet leaders have growth of the Soviet budget, in other ster our own defenses and encourage our not decided upon some constant real­ words, has been driven primarily by the NATO allies to do the same for the NATO growth figure as a budgetary guide. desire to secure the Chinese border, Alliance. Why 3 percent? I suppose you could rather than to threaten Western Europe. say why is it not much more? 3 Rather, the level of growth has been shaped by cyclical fluctuations in their Of the part of the growth that has The NATO "Ministerial Guidance" was weapons procurement and modernization constituted a threat to NATO, a ·"sub­ even more emphatic on this matter as­ schedules. This is particularly noticeable stantial portion," according to Secre­ serting that the Soviets have been' an- if one examines the growth rates of tary Brown, can be seen as an attempt particular sectors within the- Soviet de­ to recover from the Soviets' "cheap Footnotes at end of article. fense bu.dget. rocket deterrence" policies of the early 3924 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 5, 1979 1960s, when Nikita Khrushchev cut back authority (TOA) ? And is the entire de­ percent if just the NATO-related portion on "obsolete" ground forces, relied more fense budget to be used as the base, or were included, one would not count those exclusively on nuclear missiles for deter­ just that portion of the budget devoted parts of the budget for which 3 percent rence, and tried to recycle the savings directly to the defense of NATO? This real growth would not be militarily from reduced military spending to the year, an unusual additional uncertainty meaningful-that is, personnel and re­ consumer-oriented light industries.10 The has emerged. The administration has re­ tirement pay. period from 1967 onward in the Soviet quested a special supplemental for fis­ Using this methodology, about $38.6 Union has been likened to the post-1961 cal year 1979 of $2.16 billion for force billion-or 60 percent of the "force­ period in the United States, when de­ modernization and readiness. Should the related" fiscal year 1979 budget and fense policymakers shifted from a strat­ 3 percent real growth for fiscal year 1980 about 30 percent of the total defense egy of "massive retaliation" to one of be based on a fiscal year 1979 budget that budget-can be considered "NATO "flexible response," involving the build­ includes this supplemental or not? Force-related." About $42.4 billion of the up and modernization of conventional The Carter administration has chosen fiscal year 1980 budget is "NATO Force­ forces in Western Europe rather than re­ the following route: Apply 3 percent real related." lying solely on nuclear weapons to deter 11 growth to the entire budget, not just to I will go into detail on this estimate Soviet adventurism. that portion directly applicable to NA TO; toward the end of my statement. In sum, the trends do indicate fairly to outlays, not to total obligational au­ OUTLAYS VERSUS TOA consistent real growth in Soviet military thority (TOA) ; and to a baseline that spending. However : First, the level of includes the entire supplemental for the The administration's fiscal year 1980 growth has fluctuated widely, frequently fiscal year 1979 budget. defense budget release contains the fol­ lowing table: 14 falling below 3 percent ; second, only a E N T IRE BUDGET VERSUS NATO-RELATED portion-and by no means the largest The European NATO countries spend TABLE 4 portion--of this growth has threatened virtually their entire defense budgets to NATO ; and third, a substantial amount Outlays of the portion of the buildup threaten­ defend We:::tern Europe; it is only reason­ (bill ions) TOA ing NATO has been dedicated to making able that their entire budgets be held to up for lost time during the Khrushchev the pledge of 3 percent real growth. How­ ever, the United States has numerous Fiscal year 1979 ( fi scal year 1979 years. dolla rs) . ... ______... _ $111. 9 $125. 7 In other words, it is questionable commitments, not all of them related to Fiscal year 1979 (fiscal year 1980 NATO. Just what is and is not NATO­ doll a rs) .. ______119. 1 133. 2 whether Soviet real growth averaging Fiscal yea r 1980 ( fiscal year 1980 3 .percent should have substantial im­ related in our budget? The Defense De­ dollars) .... ______122. 7 135. 5 pact on how the United States plans its partment has historically answered this own defense budget. question in a politically opportunistic This table shows that the administra­ Second. What does a U.S. 3 percent real fashion. In 1971 and 1972, when several tion budget produces a 3.1 percent real growth policy mean? Members of Congress, most notably Sen­ growth in outlays, but only 1.7 percent If we pledge to boost defense spend­ ator Mike Mansfield, attempted on in TOA. Those who want the United ing 3 percent, that means 3 percent of grounds of economy to reduce NATO States to spend even more money on de­ what? This is not so elementary a ques­ spending by withdrawing U.S. troops fense complain that outlays are less tion as it may appear. The defense budget from Western Europe, then-Secretary of relevant than TOA as an indicator of can be measured in several ways-out­ Defense Melvin Laird assured them that defense commitment. After all, $36.6 lays, total obligational authority, new the total cost of the NATO commit­ billion-or about 3-0 percent-of fiscal obligational authority, budget authority, ment-including support and dedicated year 1980 outlays consists of money ap­ authorization, appropriation-and it is naval costs-amounted to only $14 bil­ propriate in prior years.15 TOA, on the not at all clear from the NATO Minis­ lion-17.7 percent of Defense TOA for other hand, reflects what the United ters' Communique just what reference­ fiscal year 1972.'~ Now, when the Pen­ States is deciding to do this year, which point is to be used in calculating 3 per­ tagon wants to increase the entire de­ is, presumably, more significant. There cent real growth. fense budget on the basis of a NATO may be some basis to this criticism, in Most analyses of the total defense commitment, it appears that virtually part legitimized by the administration's everything in the defense budget is in budget come down to examining two basic 13 pointed emphasis on the importance of measures: Outlays, the amount of money some way related to NAT0. fine graduations in the overall budget. to be spent; that is, checks signed dur­ One way to define the NATO-related On the other hand, since our NATO al­ ing the coming fiscal year, including part of the budget is to count only those lies calculate their budgets only in terms some money that had been appropriated Army and Air Force programs that could of outlays, the United States should also in previous years, and total obligational be deployed fairly promptly in Western look at outlays, it could be argued, other­ authority, the money appropriated in Europe, along with those Naval programs wise there would be no grounds for com­ that fiscal year, not all of which will be dedi~ated to sea-control missions-if a parability. spent during the year. NATO war lasts longer than 30 days, re­ Upon further inspection, however, it Is growth over the previous year to be inforced supplies and materiel would appears that direct NATO-related measured in outlays or total obligational have to be sealifted. Since the point of spending-as defined above-will in­ this exercise is to determine how much crease by more than 3 percent real Footnotes at end of article. of the budget would be increased by 3 growth even in TOA. TABLE 5.-ACTIVE NATO-RELATED FORCES-TOA [In millions of dollars]

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7 ) (8) Total

Army : 950 765 1, 511 1, 273 1, 093 634 2, 399 2, 775 11, 400 ~::~::~::~mt======946 1, 251 1, 889 l , 115 1, 130 792 2, 696 3, 086 12, 905 Percent change 1_ •• ______------______(-0. 4) (63. 5) (25. 0) (-12. 4) (3. 4) (24. 9) (12. 4) (11. 2) (13. 2) Air Force: 6, 814 1, 351 ------458 549 1, 399 2, 478 3, 952 17, 001 7, 368 1, 809 ------492 619 1, 599 2, 865 4, 263 19, 015 ~::~:I~::~Percent change mt= 1_ ____===_=====_ _ _ __ =_=__======______(8. 1) (33. 9) ( .. ) (7. 4) (12. 8) (1 4. 3) (15. 6) (7. 9) (11. 8) Navy : 820 538 2, 635 ------I, 192 321 - 1. 200 3, 453 ,.._,10. 155 836 595 2, 164 ------1, 146 409 - 1. 500 3, 871 ,.._, 10. 525 ~Percent::~:: ~::~ change mL •- __=== • __==_===______======~==== _ (2. 0) (10. 6) (-17. 9) ( .. ) (-3. 9) (27. 4) (- 25) (12. 1) (3. 6)

1 Current dollars ; i.e., not real growth. Total, all services, (1)-(7): Fiscal year 1979, - 38,550 ; fiscal year 1980, -42,440 ; percent change NOTES (current dollars ; i.e., not real growth, (10.1). De rived fro m : DOD , " Fy 1980 De partme nt of Defense Budget," Jan. 22, 1978, encl., p. 18 ; For Army and Air Force : (1) Aircraft; (2) Missiles ; ~3) Com bat vehic_les . and wea pon s ; (4) DOD, " R.D.T. & E. Program for Fy 1980 ;" DOD, " Program Acqu isition Costs By Weapon System Ordnance, veh icles and related equipment; (5) Electronics_ and Commu nication ; (6) Ot_her pro­ for FY 1980" and " for FY 1979 ;" House Appropri ations Comm ittee, report, " Department of curement; (7) Research, development, testin g and evaluation (R .D.T. & E.) ; (8) Operations and Defense App ro priation Bill ," 1979, July 27 , 1978, section on R.D.T. & E. ; Secretary John Stetson maintenance (0. & M.). (A ir Force), statement to House Armed Services Comm ittee, Feb. 1, 1979, p. 57 ; information on For Navy: Same, except that (2)= weapons of all kinds and (3)= ships. 5-yr Defense program provided by DOD . March 5, 1979 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 8925 NATO-related spending rises 10.1 per­ mental from the b':l.se on which 3 percent TQA t cent, as shown in the table. Adjusting for growth is calculated. XIII Wint er Olympics ______1. 9 Deleting the supplemental, however, Whit e House helicopter ______1. 9 the overall DOD inflation rate of 6.4 per­ Court of Military Appeals ______cent, NATO Force-related spending in­ would cut $2.16 billion from the fiscal 1. 8 year 1979 base for TOA, leaving $123.5 creases 3.7 percent over and above infla­ 62,885. 0 tion's bite. Allowing for the anticipated billion. As a consequence, the fiscal year Total ------inflation rate on m':l.nufactured equip­ 1980 TOA of $135.5 billion would mean 1 Figures for Out lays are not available in ment of 7 percent, real growth is still 3.1 3.3 percent real growth. s 11ch detail; however, on such items, Out­ percent. In other words, by cutting out the lays t end to be about the same as TOA. fiscal year 1979 supplemental, Congress ~ Nobody argues t hat t he United States The implication here is that the fiscal needs more milit ary personnel. Thus, any year 1980 budget not only fulfills but ex­ could grant the administration greater real increases in the budget would be for pay ceeds the NA TO pledge to increase de­ than 3 percent real growth in TOA, were raises-which is contrary to the President's fense spending by 3 percent, in real TOA deemed more relevant than outlays. ant i-inflation policy and which would have terms, in either TOA or outlays, if one Administration officials would, no doubt, lit tle impact on military capability. examines that portion of the budget di­ argue that cutting the supplemental will Source : DoD, FY 1979 .congressional Ac­ rectly related to NATO forces. The rest weaken national defense. If so, they tion on DoD Appropriati on Account and of the budget, therefore, does not have to would be ironically confirming the prop­ Item, FAD 728 / 79, Oct. 24, 1978; and further be treated as sacros':l.nct. It can be cut osition that percent-of-real-growth is a information from DoD/ Comptroller. and the portion directly devoted to NATO poor indicator of actual military com­ would still constitute more than 3 percent mitment or capability. This amounted to 50 percent of the real growth, however defined. Third. Is measuring real-growth a TOA for fiscal year 1979. Yet, spending more on these programs would not pro­ WITH VERSU S WITHOU T S U PPLEMENTAL good way to assess anything? The NATO Ministers probably thought duce any additional military capability. In projecting 3 percent real growth, Indeed, the Defense Department is re­ the administration presumes that the that they would me simplifying matters by agreeing to a 3 percent real growth ducing the amount, in real dollars, al­ supplemental will be passed by Congress located to military personnel and civilian in its entirety. This $2,160.4 million sup­ pledge. It appeared to be something that would be highly visible and easy to un­ payroll. These accounts, therefore, plemental includes numerous items for should be removed from the budget be­ strategic systems, readiness funds, non­ derstand. It turns out, however, to be highly complex, open to wide and vary­ fore calculating 3 percent real growth­ nuclear combat, the':l.ter nuclear forces, unless one explicitly accepts the fact that command-control-communication, ship­ ing interpretation, allowing in some in­ stances a fairly substantial cut in the ad­ overall 3 percent real growth really building and conversion, and technology means 6 percent real growth-on aver­ base. As such a list suggests, this supple­ ministration's defense budget to result, strangely, in higher levels of real growth, age-on those programs for which real mental will almost certainly not stand crowth might be militarily meaningful. untouched by congressional adjustment, and allowing one to arrive at various particularly since: First, supplementals conclusions of just how much a fiscal These sorts of examples are only the 9,re traditionally seen as devices for cop­ year 1980 budget would total within the most obvious of distinctions among vari­ ing with an emergency, and there is no constraints of "3 percent real growth." ous types of military spending. Others clear and present danger; and second, Is there some way to approach the can be spotted upon closer inspection. many of the items requested in the sup­ issue of NATO commitment that is better Take two items from the fiscal year 1980 plemental were rejected by Congress last than this way? budget: first, $1.5 billion for a single year, and there is no reason to believe First, it must be pointed out that there Trident nuclear ballistic-missile sub­ that the Armed Services Committees are are some ways to add to the defense marine; second, $77 million for 16,805 any more eager to accept them this ye':l.r. budget that contribute to NATO and TOW antitank guided missiles.11 Those Since the 3.1 percent real growth for some ways that do not. The budget con­ TOW missiles will augment the strength fiscal year 1980 assumes full funding of tains numerous items for which real of NATO to a far greater extent than the supplemental, the more one cuts from growth would not affect military capa­ that single Trident sub, even though the the supplemental, the more one can hold bility generally, much less NATO United States is spending 19 times as defense spending down, while still main­ strength. The fiscal year 1979 budget in­ much this year on the Trident. taining 3 percent real growth, in fiscal cluded the following items of this sort: Another case in point: Over the period 1980. $2,160 TABLE year Of the million request. 6 fiscal year 1971-78, Congress cut, on $491 million will be spent in fiscal year [ In millions ] average, $5,133 million from the ad­ 1979 outlays, while the other $1 ,669 mil­ TQA t lion-more than three-quarters of the Military personnel ~------$27,213. 2 ministration's Defense appropriations total-will be spent in fiscal year 1980 Civilian payrolL ______19, 419. 0 request each year. The cuts ranged from outlays or perhaps even later.16 If Con­ Military retired pay ______10, 138.8 about $2.5 billion in fiscal year 1971 to gress rejects the supplemental entirely, Military construction ______4,000. 1 $8.9 billion in fiscal year 1976. Of these Inflation __ __ ------1,030. 5 cuts, on average, $2,507 million-Or 48.8 that means as much as a $1.66 billion cut Currency revaluation ______529. 8 in fiscal year 1980 outlays autom':Ltically, Commissary subsidy phase-out_ __ 315. 3 percent--consisted of reductions in the or a total fiscal year 1980 outlays budget Claims ______------87.5 categories of postponements and de­ of around $121 billion, instead of 122.7 Overseas transportation of ex- ferrals made by the armed services or billion. This constitutes 2.2 percent real change goods ______71. 7 the administration, or in the category fi­ growth-subtracting the $491 million in Advertising ------54. 1 nancial adjustments. Many of these outlays for the fiscal year 1979 supple- Vehicle leases ______------10.9 Food technology ______6.0 "cuts" are made at the administration's Footnotes at end of article. Contingencies ------2.5 request.

TABLE 7.-CONGRESSIONAL CHANGES BY CATEGORY, FISCAL YEARS 1971-78 1 (Dollars in mill ions!

Substantive Noncritical Postpone and deferrals Adjustments Fiscal years Dollars Percent Dollars Percent Dollars Percent Dollars Percent Total , dollars

1978 ___ ------1, 442 48. 0 -299 10. 0 -570 19. 0 -692 23. 0 -3, 003 -2, 517 62.1 -261 6.4 -659 16. 2 -620 15. 2 -4, 056 1977 ------8, 874 1976_ ------3, 890 43. 8 -1, 477 16. 6 -684 7. 7 -2, 824 31. 8 1975_ ------3,081 45. 8 -478 7. 3 -1, 036 15. 4 -2, 115 31. 5 -6, 719 1974_ ------2, 608 44. 8 -172 3. 0 -1, 950 33. 4 -1, 096 18. 2 -5, 825 1973_ ------1, 839 29. 9 -159 2. 6 -1, 610 26. 1 -2, 551 41. 4 -6, 160 -1, 681 42. 9 -70 1. 8 -351 9. 0 -1, 815 46. 3 -3, 917 1972_ ------38. 6 -2, 507 1971 _------903 36. 0 -125 5. 0 -512 20. 4 -967

I Numbers may not add due to rounding. Source : Richard Cron in, "Analysis of Congressional Changes to the FY 1978 Defense Budget, " CRS Sept. 26, 1978, p. 7. 3926 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 5, 1979 Postponements and deferrals refer to capability of the United States, nor would remain the same. Such is the ab­ congressional actions trimming appro­ would it mean any sluggishness in the surdity and potential political danger of priations in a particular year, but not contribution to NATO. Yet, if the admin­ concentrating so heavily on particular cutting the overall program. For exam­ istration is so bent on linking military dollars amounts, rather than on the ple, the Defense Department requests 15 strength and commitment with 3 per­ forces they are buying and what they can bombers this year and 15 next year; Con­ cent real growth, what will happen if, as accomplish. gress stretches that out to 10 this year, is very likely, such budget changes lead Obviously, the budget is very confus­ 10 next year, and 10 the following year. to budget cuts? Would the Defense De­ ing. Still, a general conclusion can be The end result is no different, but the partment hesitate to inform Congress reached: Whatever perspective is as­ budget totals in any particular year are about delays and cancellations in weap­ sumed from the outset, 3 percent real changed. Financial adjustments are ons programs, fearing that too many growth does not represent a meaningful mostly trims made at the Pentagon's own reductions of this sort may lead to less symbol for increased commitment to the request. An example of this category is than 3 percent real growth? Would the NATO Alliance. Aggregate budget totals the instances when a service has said that Defense Department request still an­ reveals nothing about what lies inside recruiting has improved and it no longer other supplemental to bring real growth those budgets. Commitments to an alli­ needs as much fecruiting money as re­ up to 3 percent? Would massive repro­ ance-or to any military function­ quested. Since several months elapse be­ gramings of funds be requested? should be based not on aggregate budgets tween the drafting of the administra­ What all this shows is that policies or any other static indicator, but on spe­ tion's budget and congressional action, based on particular dollar amounts can cific programs and capabilities and how there are many of the changes. The big­ easily lead to a peculiar fetishism that they relate to particular standards of gest financial adjustment came when potentially places a high premium and performance and mission. If budgets are Congress "cut" aid for South Vietnam great incentive on spending for its own to be shorthand indicators of anything, after South Vietnam had ceased to exist. sake. Concern for efficiency lapses when they must be disaggregated to such an Also in this category is the refusal of an agency has a high spending goal to extent that one might as well talk about Congress to appropriate funds to cover achieve. As such, this sort of budget pol­ what is being purchased rather than how anticipated inflation; when and if that icy leads to wasteful spending. much it costs. Listed below is such a dis­ inflation materializes, funds are indeed Finally, what if the actual inflation aggregation, merely a partial list of pro­ appropriated.18 rate in fiscal year 1980 exceeds adminis­ grams in the fiscal year 1980 budget that If fiscal year 1980 is a typical year and tration expectations-as is quite likely? will augment NATO considerably. All of Congress "cuts" $2 or $3 billion as a re­ If the overall DOD inflation rate is 7 per­ them are invisible to those who merely sult of postponements, deferrals, and cent instead of 6.4 percent, for example, glance at the overall TOA, outlays, or financial adjustments, real growth may real growth in outlays would be 2.5 rather even general purpose forces budget. Yet indeed be reduced to less than 3 per­ than 3.1 percent. In such an event, the this list certainly conveys more about the cent-in outlays, TOA, or probably both. NATO governments might feel de­ degree of American contribution to Such reductions would have no effect, ceived-even though the level and quality NATO than any figure concerning overal1 however, on the military readiness or of military forces funded in the budget real growth in the defense budget:

TABLE 8.-TOA (Current dollars : dollar amounts in millions/unit number]

Fiscal year- Fiscal year- Percent Percent 1979 1980 increase 1979 1980 increase

Air superiority: Anti-armor: F-15 aircraft ______A-10 aircraft.· ··················------$803/144 $855/144 ( ') l , 304/78 966/60 (') TOW conversion, AH- 1______------185/137 257 /160 39/17 F-16 aircraft ______1, 370/145 1, 563/175 14/21 TOW antitank missiles ______49/ 10, 920 77 /16, 805 57 /54 Adv . med.-range air-a ir missiles (R. & D.). __ 37 55 49 Assault breaker (R. & D.). ______-- 25 66 164 Sensors: WAAM (R. & D.) . ------·------··------· 21 (New) Remotely piloted veh icles (R. & D.) ______18 49 171 Armor: Standoff target acqu isition (R. & D.). ___ • __ 37 67 80 XM-1 tank._. ______369/110 &48/352 76/220 Qu ick strike reconna issance (R . & D.) ______10 (New) Infantry fighting veh icle ______39 /0 100/0 157/0 Airl ift: CRAF mod ification ______29/5 74 /9 158/60 Cavalry fighting veh icle ______(R. & D.) 70/89 (New) Theater nuclear : Air defense : Persh ing II missile (R. & D.) ______60 149 141 Patriot.. ______67 /0 426/155 533/(New) Ground-launched Cru ise (R. & D.). ______33 44 34 Roland .. ______56/75 283/410 409/447 Ammun ition: Ml98 howitzer ______Sup press ion: 50/187 70/263 39/41 HARM (anti radar). ____ ------(R. & D.) 55/80 (New) M240 armor mach ine gun ______8/2, 970 12/2, 970 49/375 General support rocket system ______(R. & D.) 62/1, 764 (New) X M252 mortar ______11 /780 (New) Veh icle rapid fire weapon system ______37/310 (New)

1 No increase but continued replacement, on schedule, of F-4 squadrons. In fiscal year 1980, Source : DOD "Program Acqu isition Costs By Weapons System for FY 1980." 4 F-4 squadrons will be replaced and augmented by 2 F-15 squadrons, 2 A-10 squadrons, and 3 F-16 squadrons. The merits of these specific programs diversions to Israel during the Yorn Kip­ modernization, maritime posture, com­ are immaterial for the purposes of this pur war, are now back to prewar levels. mand-control-communications, and ra­ analysis. Nor is the intent here to assess The United States has added 47,000 tionalization of arms production.n systematically the NATO-Warsaw Pact antitank guided missiles to the NATO in­ Certainly this very incomplete list is balance.10 The point is that the United ventory over the past 2 years, and has not only a more meaningful, but also a States is obviously going to great efforts upgraded its tanks, added more helicop­ far more politically impressive sign of to augment NA TO strength, and has ters and artillery battalions, deployed American contribution to NATO than the been doing so particularly in the past few four additional F-111 squadrons, intro­ symbolic 3 percent growth pledge. Fur­ years. duced new close-air-support and air-in­ thermore, while these new programs re­ Since 1975, the United States has in­ tercept fighter planes, and is improving quire resources, they do not necessarily creased the number of troops stationed airlift capabilities so as to reinforce ex­ require 3 percent real growth in the en­ in Western Europe by 9,500. Combat-to­ isting forces in Europe with an addition­ tire defense budget. support ratios have significantly in- al 5 divisions and 60 tactical air squad­ CONCLUSION creased, allowing the f onnation of two rons within 1 week-compared with the Three percent real growth is simply additional combat brigades, now sta­ ability to augment by 1 division and 40 not a rational plank on which to base a tioned in northern Germany. Airfields tacair squadrons today.20 defense budget. The basis of the 3 percent throughout Western Europe can now fuel The Allies have agreed to a "long term figure-that the Soviets have been in­ and supply aircraft from virtually all defense program," involving cooperation creasing their budgets by this amount NATO countries. U.S. prepositioned on improving readiness, reinforcement, for the past decade-is not precisely cor­ stocks, which dipped after 1973 due to reserve mobilization, electronic warfare, rect, nor does it have much meaning, Footnotes at end of article. air defense, logistics, theater nuclear given the differences in efficiency, eco- EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3927 nomic structure, and military mission be­ include such items as the E-2C early sary and even wasteful. This may not be tween the United States and U.S.S.R. warning plane, the EA-6B electronic the case . if the Defense Department The pledge for 3 percent real growth does warfare jet, the P-3 and S-3 anti-sub­ thought that more of these services and not specify what the baseline of real marine planes, the HARM, Tomahawk support personnel are necessary for the growth must be, allowing for substantial and Sparrow missiles, the DDG-2 defense effort, but nobody has testified flexibility within the constraints of the destroyer, FFG's-guided-missile frig­ that this is the case. pledge. Even if Congress approves 3 per­ ats-T-AGOS Surtass ships, all attack Furthermore, in recent years, U.S. cent real growth as a guideline for submarines, CAPTOR mines, fleet-com­ forces in Europe have increased their budgetary policy, typical deferrals and munications satellites, and the like. "tooth-to-tail"-or combat-to-support-­ delays in weapons programs or an un­ Purely power-projection forces-for ex­ ratios. That is, the Defense Department expected rise in the inflation rate-both ample, the DDG-47 Aegis destroyer, at­ has altered the force structure so as to o.f which are almost certain to occur­ tack aircraft and more planes for large trade in some support for some direct will erode real growth to a point below aircraft carriers in high-threat areas­ combat forces. This reduces the expense 3 percent, even while military capability have not been included because enough of 0. & M., but does not cause a reduction is not eroded in the least. This alone pro­ of them already exist for NATO missions in combat capability; indeed, it redresses vides ample illustration that linking mili­ and because, for instance, sending in an what some have seen as an imbalance tary capability with a particular dollar aircraft carrier to attack, say, the Soviet and a potential weakness in the military figure is absurd. coastline would not be militarily forces. This is still another reason why To kneel before the altar of 3 percent prudent.n including the entire 0. & M. budget in real growth-to hold any particular Breaking down Navy R. & D. into the accounting would be r:.:isleading. number as sacrosanct--is to revere the NATO and non-NATO is more problem­ Although finding a "right" technique simple symbols while ignoring the prin­ atic because it is difficult to tell what can only be a rough and approximate ciples which they represent. Emphasis early-stage R. & D. programs are going process, I have decided to count just on percent-growth estimates divert at­ to develop into, and many programs may those 0. & M. funds for central supply tention from the real world of weapons have NATO and non-NATO use. The and maintenance-spare parts, fuel, and systems, capabilities, and mission re­ method here was to go down the com­ other combat-related material-and for quirements-in short, from what defense plete list of R. & D. appropriations for direct NATO missions-such as 0. & M. policy should be all about. fiscal year 1979 and count as NATO­ for airlift/ sealift. When Defense Depart­ related everything that could be used for ment officials talk about "readiness THE " NATO FORCE-RELATED BUDGET" funds," this is primarily what they mean; The "force-related" budget is that por­ sea-control in a North Atlantic war. The uncertainty of the estimate reflects the this is the portion of 0. & M. that is most tion for which real growth would be meaningful and most directly related to militarily meaningful, that is, excluding uncertainties involved in the task. All R. & D. specifically for strategic, meteor­ the a ugmentation of NATO forces. Here accounts for civilian payroll, military re­ I have counted as NATO-related all Navy tired pay, inflation, currency revalua­ ological and obviously power-projection systems are counted as non-NATO. funds for central supply and mainte­ tion, and so forth. nance because there is simply no ob­ Many items in the fiscal year 1979 Some may quibble over details of these servable way to separate sea-control budget are not, strictly speaking, NATO­ estimates. Still, Naval forces generally from power-projection forces in the O. related. These include the following: may only be indirectly related to NATO, & M. account, and present--thought not since a European war might not last as TABLE A- 1 additional power-projection forces may long as 30 days before terminnting or have some NATO-related function. [ In millions l going nuclear, in which case the sealift TOA FOOTNOTES Trident 0. & M ______of reinforcements would not be neces­ $127.7 sary~and it is the defense of Western 1 NATO Prem Service, F i nal Com munique: Minutell}an transpor t er ro3.ds __ _ 5.0 M i nisteri al G uidance, 1977, Annex, p. 4. Loring Air Force Base O & M __ _ _ 18. 9 Europe during these first 30 days that " Ibi d., An nex, pp. 1-4. Ballistic millile defese R. & n __ _ 114. 0 most concerns administration officials. " H eari ngs before t he House Armed Ser vices NMCS-wide support Indeed, when in October 1977 Secretary Committ ee on H .R . 1309, H.R . 1310, H.R. communicat ions ------4. 6 of Defense Harold Brown asked Con­ 14042, H .R . 11945, S. 3373, Sept ember 13 Other strategic R . & D ., Army ___ _ 132. 0 gress to restore a list of items that had 1978, pp. 38, 135 (on Commit t ee file ). ' Trident II, R . & n ______5.0 been cut by the Armed Services and Ap­ I NATO Press Service , op. cit., Annex, p . l. Trident R. & n ______273. 8 :, See Hearings , Joint E con omic Committee, ELF ______propriations Committees, he argued that 20. 0 these items were vital for NATO. Naval Allocation of R esou rces in t h e Soviet Union SSBN- X __ __ _ ------___ _ 3 . 0 forces comprised only about 10 percent and Chi na-1978, P t. 4 , p . 59; -1977, Pt. 2 , Trident (adv. proc.) ______198. 0 pp. 70, 80; - 1976, P t. 2, pp. 19, 22, 53; Other s t rategic, Navy ______361. 0 of the total request in dollars-even - 1975, P t. 1, pp. 25, 93. Cf. CIA, A Dollar ABRES R. & D ______105. 0 though, omitting the Congress inclusion Cost Comparison of Soviet and U.S. Defense Strat. bomber enhancement_ __ _ 58. 3 of a nuclear aircraft c·arrier that was un­ A ctivities, 1968- 1978, Jan u a r y 1979, p. 11; Missile surveillance Tech ______3. 9 wanted by the administration-and Harold Brow n , DoD, A nnual R eport, FY Warning info. correlat ion ______4 . 1 which was eventually removed from the 1980, pp. 7, 37. Integrated nudents ______9. 1 Defense bill after President Carter ve­ " CIA, Estima ted Soviet D ef en se Spending: B-1 R . & D ------55.0 toed it--the House Appropriations Com­ Trends and Prosp ect s, June 1978, pp. 13-14; Cruise missile carrier R. & n ____ _ 20.6 Hearings, Joint Econom1c Committee, op. KC- 135 squadrons ______mittee had cut more from Navy procure­ cit ., - 1976, Pt. 2 , p . 53. 10. 5 ment--$707.3 million-than from any Minuteman squadrons ______54. 1 ~ CIA, A Dollar Cost Com parison of Sov iet Adv. B-52 defense avionics ______other budget line, except Army procure­ and US D ef en se Activities, 1968- 1978, p. 3; J . 5 23 Other strategic, Air Force ______709. 9 ment--$744.6 million. , CIA, Estimated Soviet D efen se Spending: Navy aircraft ______3, 538. 5 A more difficult issue still involves the Trends an d Pr osp ect s, p . 1. Navy weapons ______1, 418. 0 operations and maintenance (0. & M. ) h For example , see t estimon y b y Gen. Sam­ Navy conv. shipbldg and uel Wilson, t hen-Director of t he DIA, in account. What share of this should be Hearings, Joint Econom ic Committee, op. conversion ______927.0 counted as "force-related", what share Other procurement, Navy ______2,509. 0 ci t ., -1976, P t. 2, pp. 104- 05. "NATO-related"? Most of 0. & M. is 9 U .S . Marine Corps ______356. 0 CIA, E stimated Soviet D efen se Spendi ng: Navy conventional R . & n ______,._2, 600. 0 spent on personnel and for items that T rends and Pr osp ects, p . 4; a n d past annual are necessary for the maintenance of the volumes of The M ilitary B alan ce (London : Int ernationa l Institute for S t rategic ,-,13,645.5 soldier but not directly related to com­ bat; for example, laundry, food, and so S t udies). Taken from House Appropriat ions Com­ forth. The military requirements for '" Harold Brown, DoD, op. cit., p . 35. mittee, Report, Dep artment of D ef en se Ap­ many of these items remains fairly con­ II John Erickson, "Soviet Milit ary Power," propriation Bill, 1979, July 27, 1978. Strategic R eview, Spring 1973, Special Sup­ stant; the amount of money necessary plement, pp. 2- 24. This breakdown touches upon an area for their maintenance rises with infla­ " See, e .g·., H eari ngs B efore t he House of some contentiousness. Included in the tion but no more. It would, thus, be very Armed Ser vices Commit tee on H .R . 3818, FY non-NATO force-related list are all misleading to include the entire O. & M. 1972, March 9, 1975, pp. 2325, 2597- 98; and naval forces that are not dedicated to budget, since for many of its items, 3 T he A m eri can Commit ment to NATO, A Re­ sea-control missions. Sea-control forces percent real growth would be unneces- port of the Special Subcommittee on NATO CXXV-247--Part 3 3928 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 5 , 1979 Commitment, House Armed Services Com­ market. Moreover, the Treasury De­ view that our laws which are consistent mitt ee, August 17, 1972. partment, in some instances has exer­ with international practice and which 13 Defense Secretary Harold Brown sug­ gested this claim in Hearings, Senat e Appro­ cised its otherwise legitimate discre­ compel fair behavior in our market must priations Committee, Department of Defense tionary enforcement authority in such be vigorously enforced. Our industry and Appropriations, FY 1979, Pt. 1, pp. 450-51. a way that comes all too close to out­ labor communities must have confidence u DoD, FY 1980 Department of Defense right failure to comply with the very that when they are faced with abuse Budget, January 22, 1979, Enclosures, p. 1. letter of the law. there is both the means and the will on 1:; DoD, Financial Summary Tables for F i s­ On the eve of the completion of one the part of government to render ap­ cal Year 1980, p. N- 1. of the most significant multilateral propriate redress. It is out of this belief 10 Information from DoD, February 1979. and out of these concerns that this legis­ 1; DoD, Program Acqui si t i on Costs By trade liberalizing undertakings in trade Weapon System for FY 1980, pp. 48, 73. negotiating history, in the midst of one lation is introduced. We wish to amend 1 Cf. Richard P . Cronin, An Analysi s for of the most serious sequences of Ameri­ the relevant international trading laws Congressional Reductions in the Defense can trade deficits, during this period iO that consistency and predictability Budget, Fiscal Years 1971-1976, Congressional of delicate economic conditions, it is in­ can be restored to their administration Research Service (CRS), September 16, 1976; credible to us that domestic laws are and so that adversely affected parties and Cronin, Analysis of Congressional will look with confidence to the assist­ Changes to the FY 1978 Defense Budget, CRS, not vigorously enforced which enjoy in­ ternational acceptance and which ance these laws can provide. Sept ember 26, 1978. Mr. Speaker, this is the sole purpose of 10 For an excellent guide to analyses of the would offer an important measure of theater balance, see Jim Blaker and Andrew insulation from the harms of dumped the legislation I am introducing today. Hamilton, Assessing t he NATO-Warsaw Pack and subsidized imports. This circum­ The bill is not in tended to expand the Military Balance, Congressional Budget Office stance is especially disturbing to those scope of the existing unfair trade laws. (CBO) , December 1977. Instead, it seeks to simplify, clarify, and 20 of us who have been longtime sup­ Harold Brown, DoD, op. ci t ., pp. 47-49, i:orters of a policy of open and free make more reliable the procedures under 142ff; FY 1979, pp. 6- 7 . which domestic industries can obtain 21 trade because we feel such a policy is Ibid ., FY 1980, p. 48. proper relief from unfair trade practices. 22 in the long-term best interest of all For an extended analysis of sea-control I and my cosponsors urge the support of missions, see Dov Zakheim, The U .S. Sea Con­ sectors of our economy. But such a trol M i ssion: Forces, Capabi lities and Re­ liberal trade policy and the benefits our colleagues for this legislation.• quirements, June 1977; cf. also General Ac­ such a policy yields cannot easily sur­ counting Office, Implicati ons of the National vive when those f ~.,... laws designed to Securi ty Council Study "US Maritime Strat ­ y egy and Naval Force Requirements" on the protect U.S. indust1 are not enthusias­ VOLUNTARY CITIZEN FINANCING F u t u re Naval Ship Force, December 19, 1977. tically enforced in general, but espe­ FOR THZ ARTS AND HUMANITIES 23 See Harold Brown, Let ter to Rep. Melvin cially when these measures are under­ Price, Chrmn., House Armed Services Com­ utilized in times of economic strain. In­ mittee, September 12, 1978; and House Appro­ deed, such neglect and lack of resolve HON. FREDERICK W. RICHMOND priations Committee, Report, Department of promotes those forces in opposition to OF NEW YORK Defense Appropriation Bill, 1979.e a system even more open. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES The evidence supporting such harsh Monday, March 5, 1979 criticism of this and previous adminis­ tration's enforcement of our interna­ e Mr. RICHMOND. Mr. Speaker, on THE UNFAIR INTERNATIONAL tional trade laws is unequivocal. We need January 15, 1979, I reintroduced legis­ TRADE PRACTICES ACT OF 1979 only note a few more recent cases to lation which would provide individuals make the point plain: the events ne:es­ an opportunity to make voluntary fi­ sitating the imposition of the trigger nancial contributions, in corniection HON. BARBER B. CONABLE, JR. price mechanism for steel imports; the with their income taxes, for the ad­ OF NEW YORK time it has taken to begin collecting vancement of the arts and humanities. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES duties on Japanese televisions found to Since its first introduction in 1975, Monday, March 5, 1979 have been dumped in 1971; the circum­ the funding concept embodied in the stance of the manmade fiber industry, arts and humanitie::, bill, H.R. 1042, has e Mr. CONABLE. Mr. Speaker, today, the hand tools industry, metal fasteners, received enthusiastic support both from along with Messrs. FRENZEL, SCHULZE, bicycles, and the valve industries. All of the professional arts and humanities MOORE, GRADISON, GIBBONS, and JONES of these cases and the industries involved communities and the general public. Oklahoma, I am introducing H.R. 2597, have met with considerable difficulty in My office has received over 83 ,000 favor­ the Unfair International Trade Practices obtaining adequate enforcement of exist­ able letters and more than 100,000 Act of 1979. H.R. 2597 would greatly fa­ ing measures to stave off the harmful ef­ signatures on supportive petitions. Dur­ cilitate prompt and reliable enforcement fects of unlawful trading practices. In ing the 95th Congress, 158 of my col­ of existing U.S. laws which were designed many instances the result of the dilatory leagues agreed to cosponsor the bill. to protect American industry and labor administration of the laws has been dis­ The arts and humanities bill, H .R. from the harmful effects of interna­ asterous. Although the plight of the do­ 1042, as it was reintroduced on Janu­ tionally proscribed trade practices. mestic CB radio industry and the color ary 15, 1979, is a serious attempt to Over the past several years the Ways TV industry may be extreme examples of generate the funding required to pro­ and Means Committee, largely through the consequence of current enforcement vide all American communities with the trade subcommittee, has held hear­ policy, the domestic chemical, semicon­ equality of access to quality cultural ings on and has been closely monitoring ductor, computer, and aircraft industries ~rograms. In only 4 short weeks, the the enforcement and administration of are all standing in the wings with little following 103 Members of the House of our countervailing duty and antidump­ to comfort them. Representatives have cosponsored this ing laws. The plain and consistent re­ While I enthusiastically await the re­ legislation precisely because they agree sult of this protracted oversight ac­ sults of the multilateral trade negotia­ with its innovative approach: tivity has been that these and similar tions, which are in the final stage, and LIST OF COSPONSORS U.S. laws have been eratically adminis­ look forward to the significant improve­ Joseph Addabbo, Daniel Akaka, Douglas tered, and inadequately enforced. ments that will result in the world trad­ Applegate, Les Aucoin, Alvin Baldus, Mario Domestic industries and labor orga­ ing system because of it, I also recognize Biaggi, Jonathan Bingham, William Boner, nizations alike have complained that that little domestic support can be won David Bonior, Marilyn L. Bouquard, David owing to a lackadaisical attitude and a for the liberalizing changes the MTN will Bowen, John Buchanan, Tony Coelho, John generally cumbersome bureaucracy, the bring so long as there is reservation Conyers, Balt asar Corrada, Norman Dicks. Charles Diggs, Thomas Downey, Robert Treasury Department has clearly failed about the resolve of the executive branch Edgar, Geraldine Ferraro, Hamilton Fish, the spirit of the laws we have passed to enforce laws requiring foreign traders Daniel Flood, James J . Florio, Harold Ford, which seek to assure that the American to deal fairly in our market. And, al­ Richard Gephardt, Ben Gilman, Bo Ginn, people and our economy will not have though I eschew the protectionist ap­ Barry Goldwater, Jr., Herbert Harris, W. G. to suffer from unfair trading practices proach to dealing with the problems of (Bill) Hefner, Edward Hillis, Harold Hol­ of those who wish to compete in our import competition, I wholly support the lenbeck. March 5, 1979 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3929 Frank Horton, James J. Howard, Bill J. cago validate earlier statistics as still For the past 4 years the bill simply Hughes, Andy Ireland, James M. Jeffords, representative of the feelings of the pub­ outlined the following concept for col­ John W. Jenrette , Jr., Ed Jones, Walter lic. This is particularly significant inas­ lecting private contributions: Jones, Dale E. Kildee, Peter H . Kostmayer, Claude (Buddy) Leach, Jim Leach, Ray­ much as other nonprofit areas of our First. That a checkoff box for volun­ mond Lederer, Gary A. Lee, William Leh­ economy have mechanisms available to tary tax-deductible contributions be man, Gillis W. Long, Michael E . Lowry, them to reach the average worker and placed on the 1040 Federal tax forms; Stanley Lundine, Andrew Maguire, Ed solicit contributions. Second. That contributions would be Markey, Dawson Mathis. The arts and humanities communities earmarked for either the National En­ Jim Mattox, Robert T . Matsui, Nicholas do not have universal collection mecha­ dowment for the Arts or the National Mavroules, Paul N. McCloskey, Jr., Mat ­ nisms. A key to understanding this ap­ Endowment for the Humanities, or both thew F . McHugh, George Miller, Norman approach is to realize that in 1978 over 84 equally; Y. Minet a, Don Mitchell, Joe Moakley, Toby Moffett, Austin J . Murphy, John M. Mur­ million tax returns were filed. Sixty-six Third. That none of the moneys raised phy, l.VIichael Myers, William Natcher, Rich­ million taxpayers received refunds aver­ in this manner would be used for NEA ard M. Nolan, Richard L . Ottinger, Charles aging $488.74. A person anticipating this of NEH administrative purposes; and Pashayan, Jr. refund could easily donate some portion Fourth. That moneys raised in this Claude Pepper, Carl D . Perkins, Richard­ of it to one or both Endowments. In manner shall not affect the amount an­ son Preyer, Melvin Price, Joel Prit chard, addition, for those who choose, this con­ nually appropriated by the Congress for Nick Joe Rahall II, Tom Railsback, Charles tribution could be itemized as a deduc­ the National Endowments. B. Rangel, Peter W. Rodino, Benjamin S . Rosenthal, John H . Rousselot, Edward Roy­ tion the following year. The loss to the H.R. 1042 as reintroduced January 15, bal, James H. Scheuer, James F. Sensen­ Treasury would be negligible. The money 1979, has been expanded to provide the brenner, James M . Shannon, Stephen J. derived from this source of funding could distribution formula for contributions Solarz. in effect help to eliminate the National which seeks equity for the donor and the Gladys Spellman, Neal Smith, Pete St ark, Arts and Humanities deficit and allow for recipient as well. When the bill becomes Sam Stratton, Frank Thompson, Jr., Bob much-needed expansion and develop­ law, funds generated by the checkoff Traxler, Bruce F . Vento, Doug Walgren, ment. wilJ. be distributed by the endowments, Henry A. Waxman, James H. Weaver, Ted Recent evidence indicates that the with consideration for the State of origin. Weiss, Pat Williams, Larry Winn, Tim sole hope for future solvency depends Currently, the arts and humanities agen­ Wirth, Gus Yatron, Robert Young, Leo C. cies in each State are quite different. All Zeferetti. upon increased financial support from private citizens. Increased public sup­ State arts agencies are governed by the H.R. 1042 seeks to utilize the Federal port must keep pace with broadened State legislatures, with professional paid income tax returns to conduit contribu­ public appeal for cultural activity na­ staffs to administer State and Federal tions to both the National Endowment tionwide. Otherwise, more time and appropriations. Conversely, State hu­ for the Arts and the National Endow­ energy will be devoted to the fight for manities agencies are not governed by ment for the Humanities. survival-and not to the development of the State legislatures, receive no State The bill requires that two pledge boxes the creative potential. funds, and often have voluntary boards be placed directly on the first page of the It is a sad fact of life for the arts and or staffs. 1040 income tax forms, permitting tax­ education that revenues from tuition, In fact, the State humanities agencies payers to make voluntary, tax deductible gifts, tickets, royalties, or related services are funded entirely by the NEH in Wash­ contributions to the National Endow­ result in only half of the necessary ex­ ington. In some States humanities "com­ ment for the Arts, the National Endow­ penditures. Whereas other nations such mittees" are just being organized. For ment for the Humanities or both. These as England, Germany, Sweden and even this practical reason, funds earmarked contributions must be made in addition the Soviet Union strongly support their for the two endowments must be han­ to income tax payments, or in lieu of re­ arts and education through government dled differently. funds. Moneys raised in this manner are subsidies, in our Nation, the struggle for Of the funds contributed to the Na­ to be used for fellowships to artists, fiscal solvency intensifies. Despite the tional Endowment for the Arts, 50 per­ scholars and for direct support grants to fact that the Federal Government has cent will revert to the State for distribu­ community groups, organizations and in­ appropriated $295 million for both na­ tion by the official State arts agency; stitutions. No funds collected may be tional endowments, it is not enough, not the other 50 percent will be distributed used for Federal administrative expenses. at a time when well over $1 billion is by the NEA with instructions to bene­ The bill stipulates that congressional necessary. fit the area of origin. The funds at Fed­ appropriations shall not be affected by Each year, Mr. Speaker, thousands of eral and State levels will be divided into revenue raised from citizen contribu­ performances, museums and library specific categories in precise proportions: tions, thereby safeguarding and uphold­ hours are cut, while publications are can­ In general, 30 percent of the arts moneys ing the concept of Federal financial celed due to lack of funds. It is indeed must be spent on the performing arts, responsibility as well. In its newly ex­ rare that a national arts organization 30 percent on the visual arts, and 40 per­ panded form, the bill prescribes a fund goes on tour and is not received by full cent on all other art forms-including distribution method designed to maxi­ houses and standing ovations. Commu­ architecture, photography, environmen­ mize benefits to the contributors while nity cultural centers are bravely at­ t al arts, expansion arts programs and protecting grant recipients as well. tempting to meet the needs of all citizens special new programs. This formula was In 1973 and 1975 Louis Harris con­ including the old, young, and the handi­ derived so as to stabilize existing cul­ ducted surveys entitled "Americans and capped. The ethnic richness of America tural activity of proven quality and con­ the Arts." These surveys indicated inspires the development of organiza­ tinuity, while also encouraging funding clearly the strong willingness of the tions which express our cultural plural­ for new groups, and innovative programs. American taxpayer to contribute finan­ ism in meaningful and dignified ways. Of the funds contributed to the Na­ cial support. The polls show that 64 per­ Many library and museum programs in­ tional Endowment for the Humanities, cent of the adult public would be willing clude films, concerts, lectures in addition 20 percent will revert to the State for to pay an additional $5 a year while 36 to complete media and reference centers distribution by the State humanities percent would pay an additional $50. as well. Community, State, and private agency, while 80 percent will be dis­ Utilizing these statistics and projecting institutions of higher learning report a tributed by the NEH with instructions to them over 83 million taxpayers, one could burgeoning interest by students in arts benefit the area of origin. The 80/ 20 reasonably assume that $1,743,120,000 and humanities subjects. One of our formula is presently mandated by Con­ annually would be contributed to the major schools of medicine has added a gress to provide "seed money" to National Endowments should this legis­ humanities component for its third-year strengthen grassroots programs such as lation be enacted. students to help surmount the trend to fellowships, public policy forums, re­ The arts and humanities bill was con­ become specialized technocrats. And yet, search in local history, workshops, and ceived in response to the evidence of in the lower schools, widespread fiscal film festivals. Both local arts and hu­ this survey in order to provide a simple retrenchment of arts courses and enrich­ manities agencies may use not more than and direct method for citizens to demon­ ment programs have escalated the tragic 5 percent of these checkoff funds to strate their support. More recent local decline of cognitive skills among our cover administrative costs. Limited surveys in Peoria, Baltimore, and Chi- children. budgets in some States necessitate this 3930 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 5, 1979 inclusion to insure responsible adminis­ Means Committee and the Education and Greater Tampa Chamber of Commerce, tration. Labor Committee to which the bill has (Fla.) . Applicants for funds generated by H.R. been jointly assigned. Hebrew Actors Union. Hudson County Cultural and Heritage 1042 will not be required to match The material follows: Affairs (N.J.). amounts for which they apply with cash ORGANIZATIONS, COMPANIES, UNIONS Idaho Alliance for Arts in Education. or in-kind services. Therefore, theoret­ Actors Equity. Indiana v. School of Music Faculty. ically, grants awarded could cover 100 Alabama State Council on the Arts and International Alliance of Theat rical Stage percent of specific project costs. Humanities. Employees and Moving Picture Operators of Funds may be used for construction Albright-Knox Art Gallery. U.S. and Canada (IATSE). and renovation, general operating ex­ American Association of Community and International Conference of Symphony penses, and all other areas presently Junior Colleges. and Opera Musicians (ICSOM). American Association of Museums. International Native American Council for fundable under guidelines of both en­ American Composers Alliance. Arts. dowments. America n Crafts Council. International Theatre Institute of the U .S .. Consultations with both national im­ American Dance Guild. Inc. pact organizations and grassroots or­ American Federation of Musicians, Local Iowa Arts Council. ganizations have resulted in the follow­ 802. Italian Actors Union. ing budget stipulations: American Federation of Television and James River Art League (Va.). If an organization's operating buaget­ Ra dio Artists (AFTRA) . Joan Kerr Dance Company (Philadelphia). Does not exceed $500,000 it can re­ American Guild of Authors and Com­ Kauai Academy of Dance and Music posers (AGAC). (Hawaii). ceive up to 25 percent of its budget from American Guild of Musical Artists League of Professional Theatre Training these funds. (AGMA ). Programs. Is between $500,000 and $2,000,000, 20 American Guild of Organists, N.Y. City League of Resident Theat res (LORT). percent. Chapter. Los Alamos Arts Council. Is between $2,000,000 and $5 ,000,000, 15 American Guild of Variety Artists (AGVA). Members of the Denver Symphony Or- percent. American Music Center. chestra. Exceeds $5,000,000, 10 percent. American Music Conference. Memphis Arts Council. In all cases, these percentages are in American Musical and Dramat ic Academy. Michiana Arts and Sciences Council. American Society of University Composers. Michigan Dance Association of Communi- excess of what is currently permissible. American String Teachers Association. ty and Junior Colleges. The arts and humanities bill, H.R. Art Academy of Cincinnati. Michigan Water Color Society. 1042, offers the willing donor a conveni­ Art Libraries Society of North America. Mid-America Arts Alliance. ent opportunity to contribute dollars Art ist's Rights Today (A.R.T., Inc.). Mid-Iowa Art s Association. without exorbitant fund raising over­ Artists Equity Association of Washington, Minnesota American String Teachers Asso­ head, and without depleting the Federal D.C. ciation. treasury. H.R. 1042 would simply amend Artists Equity of New York. Minnesota Dance Theatre and School. Art ists for Economic Act ion. Missouri Association of Community and the tax forms, thus making it possible to Arts Council of North-West Essex (N.J.). Junior Colleges. collect contributions from the previously Arts Council of Tampa-Hillsborough Montgomery County Arts Council (Md.) . unapproached, but willing small donor. County (Fla.). National Art Education Association. The method is simple and convenient. Its Arts Council of Rockland County (N.Y.). National Assembly of Community Art outreach is universal. H.R. 1042 requires Association of American Dance Companies. Ageneies. no new administration, no added budget Association of Community College Trust- National Association of Composers, USA. drain, no increased taxes and mini­ ees. National Association of Music Merchants. mal Federal paperwork, simultaneously Atlanta Art Workers Coalition, Limited. National Association of State Directors of Atlanta College of Art. Art Education. reaching every American household. This At lantic Richfield Company. National Association of Teachers of Sing­ simple, pressure-free method will result Atlanta Symphony Orchestra. ing. in massive new funds and engender wide­ Black Spectrum Theatre (N.Y.). National Council of Arts Administrators. spread citizen patronage, interest and Black Theatre Alliance. National Guild of Community Schools of participation. Brooklyn Arts and Culture Association. the Arts, Inc. From my own experience as chairman Buffalo Craftsman, Inc. National Society of Literature and the of the board of Carnegie Hall for 16 California Dance Management. Arts. Casa Hispana de Bellas Artes (Calif.) . Nebraska Arts Council. years, from my service as chairman of Catskill Symphony Orchest ra. New Jersey State Council on the Arts. the finance committee of the New York Center for t he Study of Alternative Fu­ Nort h Carolina Alliance for Arts Educa- State Council on the Arts, as a founder tures. tion. of Young Audiences, and from my tenure Center for the Study of Community Col­ Nort h Carolina Music Educators Associa- in the House of Representatives, I under­ leges. tion. stand the urgent needs of our cultural Chicago Screen Educat ors' Society, Board Northwest Film Study Center. of Directors. Oregon Music Educators Association. institutions, and I am aware of the will­ Childrens Theatre Association. ingness of the public to guarantee their Organic Theatre Company of Chicago. Cleveland Modern Dance Association. Pacific Northwest Dance (Seattle) . survival. The arts and humanities are in­ Clinton Historical Museum Village (N.J .). Paramount Pictures. trinsic to the survival of our democracy. College Art Association of America. Pennsylvania Ballet Company. If we are to insure the climate vital to the Connecticut Commission on the Arts. Pennsylvania Council on the Arts. development of the American "creative Connecticut Historical Commission. Philadelphia Art Alliance. potential," we must protect our great­ Contemporary Art/ Southeast. Philadelphia Arts Exchange. est national resource, the ta.lent and Cultural Executives Council, Inc. Philadelphia College of Art. Cummins Engine Co. (Columbus, Ind.). Professional and Administrative Staff of brains of our most creative people. With Dance Magazine. the same urgency as those who fear for the Museum of Modern Art (New York City). Delta Omicron International Music Frater- Puppetry Guild of Great er New York, Inc. the physical environment, we must act nity. Reuben Mack Association. to enhance and protect America's cul­ Dennis Wayne Dancers. Reich Music Foundation. tural environment. Citizen involvement is Denver Symphony Orchestra Members. San Diego Dance Theatre, Inc. mandatory and long overdue. Those who Department of Studio Arts, University of Screen Act ors Guild (SAG) . believe that all American communities Minnesota. Screen Extras Guild. must have equality of access to quality Detroit Area Film Teachers. Seattle Opera Association. humanistic endeavors are urged to sup­ Directors Guild of America, Inc. Society of American Archivists. port the arts and humanities bill. District of Columbia Commission on the The Asia Society. Arts and Humanities. The Associated Actors and Artists of The following individuals and organi­ East Bay Review of the Performing Arts. America. zations are among those who have sup­ Educational Film Library Association. The Authors Guild, Inc. ported the bill in the 94th and 95th Con­ Elinor Coleman Dance Ensemble. The Authors League of America. gresses-institutional affiliation listed Eliot Feld Ballet. The Brevard Arts Council (Fla.) . for purposes of identification only. Genesis Galleries, Ltd. The CF Martin Organization. I urge my colleagues to join with me in Georgia Council For the Arts and Humani­ The Capezio Foundation. insuring hearings before the Ways and ties. The College Music Society. March 5, 1979 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3931 The Community Film Workshop of William E. Busta (Dir. Dacotah Prairie Louis Bush Hager (Pres. American Acad­ Chicago. Museum). emy of Dramatic Arts). The Cultural Education Collaborative of Sarah Caldwell. John A. Hague (Dir. Nat. American Stu- Boston. Dr. Richard canner (Pres. Coun:::il of Art dies Assn.). The Dramatist Guild. Dept. Chmn. SUNY) . James Hall (Pres. Empire State Coll.). The Family. Alan Cameros (Treasurer, Museum Trus­ Wynn Handman (Pres. Am. Place Thtr.). The Great-American Children's Theatre tees-American Assn. of Museums). R . Philip Hanes. Company. Frank V. Carioti (Exec. Dir. Old Town John Hersey (Pres. Authors League of The Hymn Society of America. Players Workshop Theatre, Chicago) . Am.). The Junior League of Harrisburg, Inc. Harry Chapin. Hiram R. Hersey (Dir. PA Counc. on the The League of New York Theatres and Ric Collier (Dir. The Boise Gallery of Arts). Producers, Inc. Art). John Hightower (Pres. South St. Seaport The Memphis Academy of Arts. Earl L. Collins (Co-chmn. Wisconsin Al­ Museum). The Mime Workshop. liance for Arts Education). Joseph Hill. The National Center for Urban Ethnic Sergiu Commissiona (Music Dir. Baltimore Margaret Hillis (Dir. Chicago Sym. Affairs. Symphony Orchestra) . Chorus). The New Museum (NY) . Aaron Copeland. Lois Hobbs (Pres. Nat'l Sch. Orchestra The New Shakespeare Company (CA) . Arthur G . Cosenza (Gen. Dir. New Orleans Assn.). The Puppeteers of America. Opera) ... Harlan Hoffa (Head Div. Art & Music Ed. The Shakespeare Players, Inc. Geri Critchley (Experiment in Interna­ The Pennsylvania State U.). The Society of American Archivists. tional Living, D .C.). Jeffrey Hoffeld (Dir. Newburgh Museum, The State Historical Society of Wisconsin. Cassandra Crowley (Wilkes-Barre Ballet NY). Theatre Memphis. Theatre). Beverly Hoffman (Exec. Dir. Staten Island Theatre Vanguard. David Crownover (Exec. Dir. Philadelphia Council on the Arts). University of Idaho School of Music Arts Alliance) . Celeste Holm. Faculty. Wade Curry (Dean Arts & Services-Trenton Thomas P. Hoving. University Resident Theatre Association. State College, NJ). Dale Huffington (Pres. Am. Thtr. Assn.). Virgin Island Council on the Arts. Paul Curtis (Dir. American Mime Thtr.). Karel Husa. Washington State Arts Commission. George Cuttingham (Pres. American Bernard Jacobs (Pres. of Shubert Organi­ Westport Weston Arts Council (Conn). Academy of Dramatic Arts). zation). WNCN Listener's Guild, Inc. Morton da Costa. Jasper Johns. Writers Guild of America, West, Inc. Elisworth Davis (Mgr. Dir. Hartford Mari Jo Johnson (Adm. Dir. Consortium of Yale Center for British Art. Ballet). Jazz Orgs. & Artists). Young Audiences. Elaine de Gaetani (Pres. Delaware Valley Harold J.T. Isenberg (Pres. Fed. of Cath­ Young Filmakers, Inc. Arts Alliance, NY) . olic Teachers) . John de Lancie (Dir. Curtis Inst. of Anthony Keller (Dir. Conn. Commission INDIVIDUALS Music). on the Arts) . Norman dello Joio. David L. Kest (Dean of Humanities, De Edward Albee. Anza College, Ca.). Eddie Albert. Angele Del Rossi (Exec. Prod. Paper Mill Kathleen Killilea (Dir. Arts Exchange NH). Playhouse, NJ). Richard Anusczkiewicz. Lincoln Kirstein (NYC Ballet). Harold Arberg (Dir. Arts & Humanities, Agnes DeMille. Robert Klotman (Former Pres. MENC). USOE HEW). Wililam Denton (Exec. Dir. Illlnoi.:; Arts Lillian Knapp (Colbert Arts Management). Paul B. Arnold (Pres. Nat'l Assoc. of Council). Ed Koch (Mayor of NYC). Schools of Art) . Walter Diehl (Internat'l Pres. IATSE). Al Kochka (Exec. Dir. NJ State Council Martina Arroyoa. Barry Diller (VP Paramount Pictures). on the Arts) . Lewis M. Bachman (Exec. Dir. American Benedict Di Salvo (Dir. Oklahoma Arts & Andre Kostelanetz. Guild of Authors/ Composers). Humanities Council). Leo Kraft (Pres. Am. Music Ctr.). Richard Barr (Pres. League of NY Theaters Thea Dispeker. Max Larsen (Dean, The Univ. of Nebraska & Producers). Walter Drake. at Lincoln). Silva Barsumyan (Dir. Union City Public Donn Dresselhuys (Chmn. Milwaukee Roger Larson (Dir. Young Filmakers). Library). Symphony Orchestra) . Peter Laskovski (Dir. The Shaker Museum, William Baumol, Economist. John Duffy (Meet the Composer). NY). George Bayliss (Dean, School of Art, Timothy Duncan (Dir. Pennsylvania Bal- William J. Leffin (Dean, College-Letters & University of Michigan). let). Science Univ. of Wisconsin). Kenneth Beachler (Dir. MSU Office of Cul­ Maurice Edwards. Nat Leftowitz (Chmn. of Bd. Wm. Morris tural Affairs) . Paul H . Elicker (Pres. SCM Corp.). Agency). Michael Bennett. Arthur Ephro!:s (Southern Music Co.). Ira C. Lehn (Dean Conservatory of Music, Elmer Bernstein (Pres. Composers & Lyri- Jean Erdman. Univ. of the Pacific). cists Guild of America, Inc.). Patricia Ewald (Performing Arts Program David C. Levy (Dean, Parsons School of Leonard Bernstein. Coordinator AFL/ CIO) . Design). Theodore Bikel (Pres. Actors' Equity). Julia Fenton (Editor Atlanta Artworkers Harvey Lichenstein (Exec. Dir. Brooklyn John Bitterman (Dir. Georgia Council for Coalition). Academy of Music) . the Arts & Humanities) . Hans-Joachim Finke (Regional Conf. of Viveca Lindfors. Anthony A. Bliss (Exec. Dir., Metropolitan Histori; Agencies). Lorin Maazel (Dir. Cleveland Orchestra). Opera Assn.). Avery Fisher (Board Mem. Lincoln Cen­ Stanley S. Madeja (CEMREL, Inc.). Martin Bookspan. ter). John Mahlman (Exec. Dir. NEAE). Michael Botwinick (Dir. Brooklyn Mus- Robert Fitzpatrick (Pres. Cal. Inst. of the Delbert Mann (VP Directors Guild of AM.). eum). Arts). Leonard Marcus (Editor High Fidelity Mag- Gene Boucher. Henry Fonda. azine). Oscar Brand (Songwriters Hall of Fame). Jane Fonda. Stanley Marcus (Chmn. Nieman-Marcus). John Brooks (Pres. The Authors Guild, Joan Fontaine. Richard Marshall (Gen. Dir. The Charlotte Inc.). Lukas Foss. Op·era Assn.). Michael Brotman (Dir. Krannert Ctr. for Muriel Francis (Pres. New Orleans Phil­ Keith J. Martin (Dir. San Diego Ballet Performing Arts, Urbana, Ill.) . harmonic Symphony Orchestra) . School). Firman H. Brown, Jr. (Chmn. Dept. Drama­ Doris Freedman (Public Arts Council, NY). Mary Martin. Speech, Ithaca College). Robert Freeman (Dir. Eastman Sch. of Robert Martin (Arts Writer, Tampa Times). Music). G . David Brumberg (Dir. NY Historical Anthony Mazzocchi (Leg. Dir. Oil Chemical Tom Frost ( CBS Records) . Resources Ctr., Cornell University). & Atomic Workers Internat'l Union). Albert Fuller (Dir. Aston Magna Fdtn. for Goldwin McClellan (Business Committee Gilbert A. Brumgardt (Dean, Art & Letters, Music). Towson State University, Md.). on the Arts) . Eugene Garfield (Chmn. & Pres. Inst. for Robert Brustein (Dir. Yale Rep. Thtr.). Keith McPheeters (Dean, Sch. of Fine Arts Scientific Information). & Architecture, Auburn U.). Jane Bucci (Dir. American Composers Robert Glenn (Prod. Shakespeare Festival Forum). Ann Meara. of Dallas). Peter Mennin (Pres. Julliard School, Lin- Peter C. Bunnell (Dir. The Art Museum, Joseph Goldin (Dir. Cultural Resources coln Ctr.). Princeton University). Council, Syracuse NY) . Dina Merrill. Burt Burda (Chmn. Idaho Alliance for Kenneth L. Graham (Chmn. Theatre Arts Robert Merrill. Arts in Education) . Dept. University of Minnesota). Bea Miller (Pres. Theater Memphis). Joseph C. Burke (Pres. College at Platts­ Jack Gravelee (Chmn. Speech & Theatre I. Irwin Miller (Chmn. Cummins Engine burgh, SUNY) . Arts Dept., Colorado State U.). Co.). 3932 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 5, 1979 J a.mes Moeser ( Dean, U. of Kansas) . Elle Siegemeister (Pres. Nat'l Council for Charles Woolfolk (Asst. Dean Douglass Henry Moran (Exec. Dir. Mid-America Arts the Cre.:1.tive Arts, Libraries & Museums). Coll. Rutgers U). Allie.nee) . Beverly Sills. David Young (Pres. American Community Robert Motherwell. James Sjoland (Dir. Comprehensive Arts in Theatre Assn.). Lowell B. Nesbitt. Education Planning). M. J. Zakrzewski (Exec. Dir. Alabama State Frederick W. Ness (Pres. Assn. of Ameri- Joseph Sloane (Chmn. NC Art Comm). Counc. of the Arts & Humanities). can Colleges) . James P. Smith (Dir. Fed. of Public Pro­ Paul Zukofsky.e Louise Nevelson. grams in the Humanities) . Joseph Noble (Pres. AAM). Oliver Smith (Co-Dir. American Ballet Kathleen Nolen (Pres. Screen Actors Theatre). Guild). Patricia M. Smith (Mgr. San Francisco Gerald O'Grady (Dir. Media. Study, Buf­ Chamber Music Soc.) STATEMENT TO PRESIDENT fa.lo NY). Peter Smith (Dir. The Hopkins Ctr., Dart­ CARTER Frederick O'Nea.l (Internat•l Pres. Associ­ mouth). a.ted Actors & Artists of America.). Thomas Smith (Dir. Ohio Hist. Soc.). David Oppenheim (Dean School of the Arts W. Thomas Smith (Exec. Dir., The Hymn HON. PATRICIA SCHROEDER NYU). Society of America). OF COLORADO Martin Oppenheimer (Member, Bd. of Di­ Teri Solomon (Exec. Producer, The Great IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES rectors NY City Ctr.). American Children's Theatre Co.). Eugene Ormandy (Dir-Philharmonic Or­ Stephen Sondheim (Pres. Dramatics Guild, Monday, March 5, 1979 chestra.). Inc.). • Mrs. SCHROEDER. Mr. Speaker, how Dr. Robert Pace (Ed. Dir. Nat'l Pia.no George Sorenson (Chmn. Dept. of Theatre women look and act is regrettably, more Fdtn.). Arts, Texas Christian Univ.). Joseph Papp. J. J. Spain (Pres. American Fed. of Mu­ newsworthy than what we think and do. Judith Peiser (Dir. Ctr !or Southern Folk sicians Local 6) . Issues and decisions which affect all our Lore). David Spa.tole. (Exec. Dir., Siouxland Arts lives continue to be dominated by men Bennard B. Perlman (Prof & Chmn, Art Council, Sioux City, Iowa). and made with insufficient and often Dept. Community College at Baltimore). Dennis Stark (Pres. RI Historical Society). biased information. To alleviate this in­ Itzha.k Perlman. Janos Starker. equity, to widen this narrow perspective Solly Pernick (Pres. IATSE Local No. 1). Eleanor Steber. Henry Steinway (Pres. Steinway & Sons). toward half the population, to balance Roberta. Peters. the information, I resubmit for the Bernt Petterssen (Pres. Envision Fllm. Isaac Stern. Boston). George Stevens Jr. (Dir. Am. Film Inst. RECORD the "Statement to President Sheffield Phelps (Pres. Pacific MW Dance Kennedy Ctr. for the Perf. Arts) . Carter January 12, 1979" of the National Co.). Robert Stevens (Chmn Kennedy Ctr. for Advisory Committee For Women, which W1lliam W. Pisentl (Pres. Irate Taxpayers the Per!. Arts). ~a~ lost in the shuffle during the Abzug Committee) . John W. Stewart (Dean College of Fine mc1dent. It is the content of this report, Carl Pistilli (Artistic Dir. Chlldren's Arts-Univ. of Montevallo, Alabama). not the uproar over its submission to the Theater Assn.). Joseph Stockdale (Dean of Theatre Arts, President, that is of importance to Jeno Platthy (Pres. Third Internat'l Con­ College at Purchase NY). women. gress of Poets) . Charles Strouse. Mrs. John A. Pope (Pres. Internat'l Exhi­ Robert Suder burg ( Chancellor NC School In addition, with the permission of Ms. bitions Fdtn, D.C.). of the Arts). Ellen Goodman I submit her column Dennis Power (Dir. Santa. Barbara Museum Alfred Terlizzi (Pres. Capezio Ballet from the Rocky Mountain News Febru­ of Natural History). Makers). ary 24, 1979 in which she speaks to this Jacinto Quirarte (Dean, Coll. of Fine & Ap- Paul E. Thoms (Pres. the Internat'l Music issue of style versus content: plied Arts U. of Texas at San Antonio) . Honor Soc.) . De Lloyd Tibbs. STATEMENT TO PRESIDENT CARTER Robert Rauschenberg. JANUARY 12, 1979 Ann Reinking. Ramsi R. Tick (Pres. ORS Arts Fdtn. Buf­ William Reynolds (Pres. Coll. Music Soc.). falo NY) . Mr. President, this is the first meeting be­ Jerome Robbins. Bette Uris ( Exec. Arts Council of Rock­ tween you and the National Advisory Com­ Cliff Robertson. land County, NY). mittee for Women, which you appointed on Charles Robinson (Dir. Hudson Coun. Cul­ Benita Valenti. June 20, 1978. We represent a broad cross­ tural & Heritage Affairs). William A. Valentine (Mayor of Rome, section of citizens of many backgrounds and Donald P. Robinson (Dean NY Chapter, NY). walks of life as well as the the major wom­ American Guild of Organists) . Melvin Van Peebles. en's organizations in our country. Dorothy Rodgers. Robert Vaughn. As you know, we were to have met on No­ Mary Rodgers. Charlene Victor (Exec. Dir. Brooklyn Arts vember 22, but our Committee felt that it Richard Rodgers. & Cultural Assn.) . could not fulfill its responsibilities to you Peter Rodriguez (Dir. The Mexican Muse- Edward Villella. in the brief time then allotted to us. We ap­ um, S.F. California). John Vincent (Pres. Nat'l Assn. of Com­ preciate the opportunity for a somewhat Leonard Rose. posers, USA). fuller discussion today. We expect it to be James Rosenquist. Joseph Vincent (Exec. Dir. Hist. Soc. Rome the first in a series of regular meetings with Peter J. Rosenwald (Dance Critic, Wall St. NY). you and Administration officials in which we Journal) . Edmond L. Volpe (Pres. College of Staten can give you advice, guidance and informa­ George Sadek (Pres. Coll. Art Assn. of Island). tion on the priorities that concern women. Am.). Paul R. Weidner (Prod. Dir. Hartford Stage We offer to share fully with you the benefit Eva Marie Saint. Co.). of our knowledge about women's issues, our Terry Sanford (Pres. Duke U.). Dean Charles Well (Bloomington, IN). experience and particular insights, and our Archie A. Sarazin (Mgr. Dir. Milwaukee William Wewer (Exec. Dir. Penn. Histori­ close contacts with women in communities Performing Arts Ctr.). cal & Museum Comm.). and organizations all across our land. Robert Sarnoff. Richard Westenburg (Music Dir. Cathedral As your direct link with women, who are John C. Sawhill (Pres. NYU). of St. John the Devine). a majority of the population, we are pre­ Louis Scheeder (Producer Folger Theatre). Hollis C. White (Dean-School of Fine Arts pared to do everything we can to help you Sam Scheer (Am. Craft Council) . & Commerce, Southern IL Univ.). carry out the commitment you made in 1976 William Scheide (Dir. Bach Aria Group). Kaye Calfee Wideman (Pres. Delta Omicron to erase discrimination and make women's Donald Schoenbaum (Mgr. Dir. Guthrie Internat'l Music Fraternity). equality a central issue of your Administra­ Theatre, Minneapolis, MN.) . Naj Wikoff (Dir. Dutchess County (NY) tion. We recall your statement that you Gerald Schoenfeld (Schubert Fdtn.). Arts Councll) . wanted to do for women's rights what Presi­ Gunther Schuller. Charlotte Wilcox (Gen. Mng. Nat'l Thrt. dent Johnson did for civil rights, and we are Thomas Schutte (Pres. Phil. Coll. of Art). Co.). willing and able to assist you in reaching Pete Seeger. Ronald A. Wilford (Pres. Columbia Artists that goal. Irving Segall (Pres. Internat'l Conf. of Management). We believe that in order to carry out our Arnold K. Williams ( Supervisor of Music responsibilities to American women and to Symphony & Opera Musicians). this Administration, we must be included as Rudolph Serkin. & Art. Public Schools of Gary, Indiana). full participants with your Administration Robert Shaw (Music Dir. & Conductor At­ Harold Williams (Dean Grad. Sch. of Man­ in setting national priorities, developing lanta Sym. Orchestra) . agement UCLA). public policy and determining budget alloca­ Leo Shmeltsman (Pres. The Am. Art The­ Lael J. Woodbury (Dean College of Fine tions and expenditures. atre & Motion Picture Inst. Arts & Communications, Brigham Young We are guided by the recommendations in Catherine Finene Shouse (Chmn. Exec. Univ, UT). the National Plan of Action adopted at Comm. Wolf Trap Farm for the Perf. Arts). Willis Woods (Dir. Art Seattle Museum). Houston in November 1977, which you have March 5, 1979 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3933 properly described as "a national agenda to Increases in military spending, which have There is inadequate enforcement of antl­ achieve women's full rights and equality." occurred in an unbroken pattern for the past discriminatory laws and executive orders de­ Tne foundation on which all of our pro­ 40 years, must be weighed against the fact signed to help women break out of their oc­ posals rest is the Equal Rights Amendment. that we are at war with no one and no one cupational ghettos. Aggressive enforcement is The success of our efforts to end continuing can seriously contend that there is an im­ particularly needed to overcome the chilling and pervasive discrimination against women minent threat of war against the United effects of the Bakke decision. in employment, education, health and all States. On the contrary, the recognition of Day care centers are available for only 2 other aspects of our lives depends on in­ China and the impending SALT agreement percent of the six million pre-school age cluding in our Constitution a firm guarantee should provide the basis for decelerating an children whose mothers work and for mil­ of full equality for women. arms race that is seriously draining our lions of other children whose mothers are You joined in the strong and successful economy and undermining our consumer locked into dead-end, welfare subsistence. effort to win ERA extension, and we know we goods technology and market. Millions of minority women, in addition to can count on your continued help in the We oppose burdening our economy with bearing the burden of discrimination, suffer campaign to get three more states to ratify monstrously expensive new weapons pro­ disproportionately from poverty, unemploy­ this landmark amendment. Final ratification grams, and we urge you to make cuts in the ment, low-paying jobs, inadequate health of ERA requires that it be seen as a national enormous fat, waste, and profiteering in the and maternity services, poor education, and priority for all the American people, who have defense industry where non-competitive bid­ poor housing. repeatedly expressed majority support for it, ding is the standard practice and where fixed Older women, a majority of our senior cit­ and as a political priority for their elected price contracts become transformed into cost­ izens, have a median income of $2,800 a year, represen ta ti ves. plus contracts. We would suggest that your only half the income of men in their age Your leadership of a joint effort by gover­ Administration appoint a commission to in­ group. Five million disabled women suffer nors, legislators and other political repre­ vestigate military extravagance and make special discrimination in their search for sentatives in behalf of an ERA victory is specific proposals for substantive cuts and education, job training, employment, and in­ urgently needed to assure that the most glar­ cost-savings. We will fully support you in dependence. Poverty afflicts higher than ing human rights defect in our Constitution that effort. average numbers of the 34 million women is finally eliminated, and we ask you to stress Stuart Eizenstat spoke recently of the duty living on farms, in migrant camps, on Indian the importance of the ERA in your forthcom­ to meet "new realities never imagined even reservations, and in rural areas, where the ing State of the Union message. 10 years ago." He also stated at his meeting residents account for 40 to 50 percent of poor There is an enormous amount of work still with members of our Committee on Decem­ Americans. to be done on ERA and on the other issues ber 20 that the increased participation of We urge you to look at your Administra­ outlined in the National Plano! Action. This women in the labor force has "profound im­ tion's priori ties and budget, and consider agenda represents the unmet economic, polit­ plications" for the development of public whether they are sensitive enough to the ical and social needs of women and the long­ policy. He admitted that the government has needs of these women. We do not believe term interests of all Americans. not "sensitized itself" to that issue yet and they are. As we noted in our letter to you on Novem­ has been negligent in falling to develop pub­ We turn now to some specific comments on ber 21 , "what happens to us affects the whole lic policy on women's changing role in the aspects of your wage-price policy and budget nation." economy. restraints. The greatest impact of the 7 per­ When the cost of living rises, we feel the We agree, and we feel it is our responsibil­ cent wage guidelines will fall most heavily squeeze. When social programs are cut, we ity to help sensitize this Administration and on working women, only 11 percent of whom bleed. When wrong priorities are set, we make the Congress to the realities of women's lives are members of unions. Without organized the sacrifices. today and to bring about new patterns of efforts to press for catching up with male We fully share your concern about infla­ policy-making in which women's views and earnings and promotion rates, women will tion, which is reducing the living standards participation are an important element. fall further behind. Employers can be ex­ of millions of Americans. Women are on the With 49 percent of women in the labor pected to use wage controls as an excuse to front line in the daily battle with rising force and 90 percent of women working out­ keep their pay and benefits low. prices. Whether we are married, single, di­ side the home at some periods of their lives, We also believe that the $4.00 per hour vorced or widowed, whether we work outside it is important that all public policies and ac­ low-wage exemption standard is too low or inside the home, whether we must sup­ tions be examined carefully for their impact considering the inadequate earnings of most port ourselves or entire families, it is usually on women, including anti-inflation measures, working women. If the minimum hourly the woman who does the food shopping, pays employment programs, social security cover­ wage exemption were comparable to the the rent, gas and electric bills, and struggles age, welfare reform, national health insur­ standard provided under the legislation and each day to make ends meet. ance and heal th services, affirmative action court interpretations governing the Nixon But we are also concerned that your anti­ enforcement, services to the disabled, in­ cont rol program, adjusted for inflation, all inflation program, with all its good inten­ creased opportunities for minorities, and ex­ workers earning under $5.50 per hour would tions, will impose additional and dispropor­ panded child care programs. currently be exempted. The low-wage exemp­ tionate burdens upon women because of pos­ Mllllons of American women and their tion should be raised to at least the $5.50 sible increases in unemployment rates, children live in poverty, and millions more per hour, which reflects the pay level needed slashes in social and other human needs pro­ are only a step away from poverty. With the t o meet the Bureau of Labor Statistics urban grams, postponement of comprehensive na­ increasing number of female-headed house­ lower family budget. Furthermore, the pro­ tional health insurance, absence of child care holds, the problem of the poor is rapidly be­ posed real wage insurance benefit, which programs so urgently needed by working coming a women's problem. provides a rebate to individuals claiming a women, and the failure to address the prob­ We call your attention to these realities: higher inflationary impact than 7 percent, is lem of widespread poverty and the financial Women are 63 percent of the 16 million likely to have little benefit for most women, plight of our cities, where a majority of Americans living below the poverty level, and who lack union protection and assistance in women and all Americans live. In fact, it has Black, Hispanic, Asian American and Native pressing their claims. been estimated by leading economists that if American women make up 20 percent of these It is imperative that the guidelines also the entire amount needed to maintain cur­ poor. be revised to make clear that written ex­ rent human services were included in this emptions are permitted for equity pay in­ budget, the inflationary impact would be Women are 42 percent of the labor force, creases, back pay awards, maternity and pen­ something approximating three-tenths of 1 but 50 percent of the total unemployed. Two­ sion benefits designed to comply with new percent. thirds of all so-called "discouraged" work­ laws and equal employment opportunity ers-the hidden unemployed-are women. We are concerned that your stabilization settlements. program lacks effective controls for profits or The national unemployment rate for women Setting the pay increase figures for federal any controls on interest rates, dividends, capi­ is 7 percent, as compared to 5 percent for workers at 1 Y2 percent below the control men; and unemployment among minority tal gains, and unearned income from tax figure for other workers will have a dispro­ shelters. Commodity speculators remain free women is twice as high as for white women. portionate effect upon women because the to drive up food prices; energy rates and fuel Among minority teenage women, it is a federal government is the largest single em­ costs continue to go up; and there is no shocking 36.8 percent. ployer of women. Cuts in federal assistance mechanism for halting rapid increases in Women are segregated into low-paying oc­ to cities will also have an adverse effect upon rents. cupations, with 80 percent of the women's women and minorities who look to local gov­ We are concerned, too, at the proposed 10 work force clustered at the bottom of the pay ernment as a major source of jobs. percent increase in the military budget when scale. We welcome the reported restoration of military costs already account for the biggest For the past 20 years the wage gap between $1.2 billion in the proposed cut in CETA slice of the discretionary federal spending pie women and men has remained unchanged, funds, but we oppose any cuts in this mini­ and essential domestic programs are under­ with women averaging about 60 cents an mal jobs program. funded. The 3 percent increase in military hour for every dollar earned by men. We object to the reported reduction in outlays, described as a commitment to our There are not enough Job training pro­ Title VI public service employment Jobs from NATO allies, must be weighed against the grams for working women, unemployed the 600,000 authorized by Congress to 350,000 commitment you made to the voters in your women, displaced homemakers, minority in 1979 and 200,000 in 1980. Women hold only election campaign to reduce military ex­ women, disabled women, and women on 37 percent of the 550,000 jobs currently cov­ pend! tures. welfare. ered by Title VI, and the projected cut will 3934 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 5, 1979 reduce the already meager number of public later, a cost-benefit ratio unmatched in any impose new burdens on these groups, while service jobs available to them. other public program. exempting the monopolies, the rich and the We also object to the 50 percent reduction We also take this opportunity to state the military establishment. in the commitment of $5 million from Title strong opposition of the overwhelming ma­ Finally, we wish to discuss several issues III of the new program !or displaced home­ jority of this Committee's members to the that will not cost the taxpayer or the gov­ makers. Making up for this cut by transfer­ continued Medicaid ban on abortion pay­ ernment another penny: ring $2.5 million from Title II funds means ments, the continued erosion of the Consti­ We are deeply troubled that little progress that fewer jobs will be available for the eco­ tional right to reproducth-e freedom and the has been made in meeting your often stated nomically disadvantaged, the majority of developing attack within Congress on family commitment to correct the gross imbalance whom are women. Title II funds should be planning programs as a whole. of women and minorities in the federal kept intact to assist the millions of women As a result of the Congressional ban and judiciary. who live below the poverty level. stringent HEW regulations, there has been a. Only six women have been nominated for Cuts in Title III discreti0nary funds will 98 percent decline in Medicaid abortions. the 66 vacancies that existed prior to adop­ also adversely affect women, as will the fail­ Women have die::l., women have suffered ir­ tion of the Omnibus Judgeship bill. Of the ure to provide any increases-even allowing reparable health damage, and women have 117 new District Court positions created by for inflation-in the Work Incentive Program been forced to bear children they cannot sup­ this legislation, only four women have been (WIN). port, and those being victimized are poor named among the 47 nominations made to A $4.5 million cut in job research and eval­ women. We object to abuse of the Congres­ date by U.S. Senators. This includes nominees uation programs will prevent the implemen­ sional appropriation mechanism to deny from 15 states. Only three-Michigan, Texas tation of two new amendments designed to large numbers of American women their con­ and Massachusetts-presented women's examine the discriminatory effects of wage stitutional rights. We urge this Administra­ names. Nominations for the remaining 70 classification systems and the incentives tion to change its position on Medicaid fund­ District judgeships have not yet been sub­ needed to get employers to apply job-shar­ ing and to take vigorous action to restore the mitted. For the 35 new Court of Appeals ing, wage-sharing principles. right to abortion for military personnel, judgeships, none of the 13 panels has sub­ A $200 million cut in welfare demonstra­ Peace Corps volunteers, and their dependents. mitted nominations to the Justice Depart­ tion projects hurts a program that is needed The ultimate goal of the anti-abortion mi­ ment. as a basis for fundamental reform of the nority is to overturn the 1973 Supreme Court We urge you, Mr. President, to make clear welfare system, which affects mostly women. decision through a Constitutional amend­ to the members of the Senate and to the These reductions in the Administration's ment. This move must be strongly opposed chairs and members of the Court of Appeals only major jobs program and cuts in voca­ by the Administration to assure that abor­ panels their responsibility to make the Fed­ tional education, together with policies that tion remains a safe and legal option. eral judiciary significantly more democratic most economists agree will lead to increased At the same time, we request adequate and representative. unemployment, are an unacceptable attack funding for the staffing and program imple­ The selection of judges in the next few on the already low economic status of Ameri­ mentation of the new HEW regulations on months will affect the sensitivity and quality can women. sterilization. This is especially essential to of justice for women and minorities for Another facet of participation by women in protect minority women, including Blacks, years to come. Without your strong and de­ the economy is as business owners. Since is­ Hispanics, Asian Americans, American In­ cisive leadership on this issue, the federal suance of the President's Interagency Task dians, Alaskan Natives, and disabled women courts will remain virtually an all-male, all­ Force on Women Business Owners report, no from sterilization abuse. Published reports white enclave. action has been taken on the funding needed within the Indian community charge that On another issue, we also favor the elimi­ to implement the recommendations to pro­ more than one-fourth of all American In­ nation of existing discrimination against vide technical assistance to women business dian women of childbearing age have been persons because of their sexual orientation. owners and to insure that they get a fair sterilized under federally-funded programs. This Administration can be of particular share of federal funds. Action is particularly We strongly favor action in 1979 on a help by supporting proposed federal legisla­ important in view of your statement when comprehensive national health insurance tion to protect gay people in the areas of you signed Public Law 95- 507 that you would system, which is of particular importance to employment, housing and public accommo­ "soon announce new steps to aid women en­ women and children. Women encounter dations. trepreneurs and businesses owned by widespread discrimination in coverage of We also support your issuing an Executive women." maternal and child health care, preventive Order banning discrimination in those areas health services, reproductive health, abor­ of government not covered by the Civil Serv­ We are also concerned about the lack of tion and family planning services, and they ice Commission, particularly for personnel in guarantees for adequate funding to enforce look to the development of high quality, anti-discrimination laws in employment and the FBI, CIA, and Armed Forces and certain equitable and comprehensive health care parts of the State Department. education, including Title VII of the Civil services as a major and long-overdue respon­ In conclusion, we recall that when John Rights Act of 1964, Title IX of the Education sibility of government. Unfortunately, our Adams was helping to draft the U.S. Con­ Amendments of 1972, the Equal Pay Act and present patchwork health insurance system stitution, he received a letter from his wife, Age Discrimination in Employment Act, Sec­ does not recognize preventive health meas­ Abigail Adams, asking him to "Remember tion 504 of the Rehabilitation Act, and Ex­ ures as good for the individual and as an the ladies." We ask you now when you make ecutive Order 11246. enormous cost saving to the taxpayers. your State of the Union report to the nation If centuries of sexual discrimination and We also express our concern about the fate this month, "Remember the women." occupational segregation are to be overcome, of funding for the Comprehensive Rehabili­ Tell the American people about the status the effort must start in the public schools. tation Services Amendments of 1978, and of women in our country. Tell them about Congress authorized $80 million for the particularly Title VII, which sets up a new the urgency of ERA ratification. Tell them Women's Educational Equity Act, of which program providing for the creation of Cen­ about our needs and aspirations as expressed $65 million was to go to the states for use in ters for Independent Living for the disabled. in our National Plan of Action agenda and public school districts to establish sex equity At least 580 million must be committed to in the 1980 United Nations Mid-Decade Con­ education and programs. However, instead of these programs for Fiscal Year 1979 and $100 ference of Women. Tell them how your pro­ this $65 million, the budget allocates only million for Fiscal Year 1980. grams and policies will affect rthe majority $9 million for individual and group grant The large numbers of disabled individuals of our people who are women and who seek demonstration projects. We urge full restora­ who live in institutions and nursing homes, equality. tion of the authorized $65 million. who are jobless, and who are denied appro­ We must raise the consciousness of the On the HEW budget, we welcome the re­ priate education and access to transporta­ power-holders, the decision-makers and the ported partial or complete restoration of tion should not be tolerated in a country law-makers. We are not an appendage to this funds for maternal and child health care, that is concerned with human rights and nation. We are part of its heart and soul. nurse practitioner support, aid for drug and respect for the individual. We are, with men, its central characters. alcohol abuse, preventive health services for Although we have discussed only a few as­ Women's place indeed is every place. Amerioa.n Indians and Alaskan Natives, and pects of the budget, we wish to emphasize teenage pregnancy. In this International Year again our belief that in making budget allo­ STYLE, WOMEN'S ISSUES DON'T MIX of the Child, we especially urge full funding cations and comparing mill tary and domes­ for all programs which have the highest im­ tic priorities our concept of American se­ (By Ellen Goodman) pact on mothers and chidren. curity must embrace how our citizens live BosToN.-Ever since the Friday Afternoon The amount designated by OMB for fam­ from day to day. Massacre decimated ranks of the National ily planning services does not allow for the Genuine security requires opportunities Advisory Committee on Women, a great deal continued development of these essential for all Americans to have a decent standard has been heard about the word "Style." programs. The Committee believes that $14 of living, jobs, adequate housing, education There is a notion being bandied about million should be restored for family plan­ and health care. It requires a plan to elimi­ that if only, dear Lord, those advocates of ning services to the $164 million level re­ nate poverty, to protect the middle class, and women's rights would stop being so (l} mili­ quested by HEW. It has been documented to open doors to millions of women, minori­ tant, (2) strident, (3) pushy, they would be that one dollar invested in family planning ties, low-income and disabled people who (4) successful. If only they could present services in one year saves federal, state and seek a fuller share of this nation's wealth. their cause with the Right Style, why then, local government a minimum of $1.80 a year Budget planning and allocations should not the doors of equality would open wide to March 5, 1979 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3935 welcome them and all would be right with In the midst of all the bread-and-butter, prove. That's another reason why I care for the world. hard-ball politics being played on women's America. It can always be improved. I'll This argument has a certain amount of issues these days, .the question of Style seems never stop tryi_ng to improve my country appeal, I grant you. It allows the arguer to just a bit tacky.e and that should show much I really do care. profess himself to be a supporter of women's In all my travels around the country the rights, while simultaneously blaming women most fascinating experience I had was visit­ themselves for any failures. But it is, at ing Washmgton, D.C. Not because the build­ heart, absurd-a true comedy of manners. MICHIGAN "VOICE OF DEMOCRACY" ings are old and beautiful, but because o! If you need proof of this, join me for a CONTEST WINNER the feeling I got when I thought about what moment as we trip off in search of the Right those buildings stand for. Each building Style. stands for a different struggle towards the Let us begin this journey with the former HON. JAMES J. BLANCHARD freedoms we now have. How can I put into co-chair Bella Abzug, better known, alas, for words the overwhelming feelings I received her decibel level than her accomplishments. OF MICHIGAN when I stood in front of the "Tomb of the Ms. Abzug has often been described as abra­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Unknown Soldier," and realized the count­ sive, combative, and militant. She was sum­ Monday, March 5, 1979 less number of men that no one will ever marily removed by the President for these know by name that died, for our country, for sins. Clearly, then, she has the Wrong Style. e Mr. BLANCHARD. Mr. Speaker, every our freedom. Suddenly I realized that that's Now we move right along to Sarah Wed­ year the Veterans of Foreign Wars of the what it's all about. To care about America, dington, the White House Advisor on Women. United States sponsor a Voice of Dem­ to fight for its freedom, to die for America. Ms. Weddington is mild-mannered, reflective, ocracy~·scholarship Contest. This year, I care about America most of all and most exceptionally nice and so loyal to her boss more than 250,000 high school students deeply for its continuous, difficult, confused that she recently described his Abzug hatchet and never finished struggle to make freedom job this way: " .. . and so he asked that he participated in the contest for the five possible. I care about America for its accom­ be allowed to make another choice." national scholarships that are awarded plishments. Starting from nothing and ac­ Ms. Weddington, however, has yet to put as top prizes. Participants were asked to quiring the title of "Greatest Power." one solid accomplishment for women's rights submit a written speech on the contest's The insistence on improving my country in her administrative pocket. Moreover, des­ theme, "Why I Care About America." is probably the deepest form of caring I pite her low-key manner, she was publicly I am very pleased that one of my con­ could give. One ultimately cares for America and embarrassingly prevented from testifying not for what it is or what it does, but for at a recent congressional hearing on women's stituents, Ms. Marie Kaleita of Warren, Mich., was selected as the winning con­ what it promises. America promises freedom issues. She, too, clearly has the Wrong Style. for all, freedom for me.e Meanwhile, back on the ERA front, we find testant from the State of Michigan. Ms. the matter of political hemlines even more Kaleita is a senior at Mott High School, up and down. Last week the ERA came up has experience and a career interest in again in North Carolina, before the same the dramatic arts, and plans to attend state house which didn't ratify the Women's Oakland University. Her numerous ac­ DECLINE IN HOUSING POINTS TO Suffrage Amendment until 1971. RECESSION Many people say that the ERA would have complishments thus far include working passed years ago except for what one North at a Detroit area radio station, and col­ Carolina legislator described as "the radi­ lecting food for the needy and money for HON. AUGUSTUS F. HAWKINS cals," adding: "That's what has hurt this UNICEF. OF CALIFORNIA movement from the beginning. If we'd had Her speech reflects the spirit of opti­ someone like Bella Abzug or Gloria Steinem mism and patriotism that I believe pre­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES come down here, it would set us back 10 vails in our youth today. I would like to Monday, March 5, 1979 years." ERA supporters in North Carolina and take this opportunity to congratulate Ms. e Mr. HAWKINS. Mr. Speaker, the Sub­ elsewhere are conscious of the Style issues. Kaleita-and to bring her speech to the committee on Employment Opportuni­ From all reports, they have become studi­ attention of my colleagues as a reminder ties, which I chair, recently held over­ ously moderate, mainstream, home-grown that America's future depends on the sight hearings on the Full Employment and low-key. So guess what happened in faith and energy of our young people. and Balanced Growth Act to ascertain North Carolina last week? The amendment VOICE OF DEMOCRACY SCHOLARSHIP PROGRAM- the impact of the administration's anti­ got killed in committee. MICHIGAN WINNER-LISA MARIE KALEITA Thus we conclude from our search for the inflation efforts and its fiscal year 1980 Right Style that women have two choices: Caring about America means loving what budget proposals on our national goal of They can either be so pushy that they are it stands for. Although the great American full employment. ineffective, or they can be so carefully non­ epic is the acquiring and taming of a con­ As housing is well recognized as a lead­ threatening that they are also ineffective. tinent, American patriotism is not centered ing economic indicator, the subcommittee I have never, by the way, heard the "Style'· on the land but on a historic event and an idea. The Event is the creation of the United requested a study from the Congressional argument used against the antis. No one has Research Division of the Library of Con­ yet suggested that the anti-abortion move­ States, the Idea is freedom. ment is too aggressive to be effective, though When I sat down to write this speech, I gress on the employment impact of re­ burning medical clinics is surely a touch realized that it was the first time I ever duced housing production as well as testi­ more strident than burning bras. really thought about why ·I care about my mony from expert witnesses on this issue. Nor has anyone suggested that Mrs. country. I discovered that it was because I Changes in the volume of housing pro­ Schlafly's aggressive hand against the 20th was taking so much for granted. Freedom, duction are directly reflected in varia­ century has worked against her cause. Her that's the most important privil'ege of all. tions in labor requirements. If housing eternal smile has won her not criticism but I care about America because that's what it starts continue to decline in 1979 and merely an en try in the Guinness Book of offers. Freedom to go to the school of my World Records. choice, and not be forced to accept set prin­ 1980, there will be a drop in the demand Style is an issue which is used only against ciples and ideals. Freedom to set my own for workers in the construction industry women when they are fighting for their own goals and explore them as an individual. I and related fields. advancement. Ever since suffrage, women can choose a career and feel confident that I The 1979 decline in labor requirements have had the choice of being unseemly or have a chance to be successful I have the from 1978 levels associated with lower unseen. freedom to say what I feel, to respect and housing production could range from I am sure that some people are willing to love whom I want. I have the freedom to 315,000 to 527,000 man years. An inter­ spend their lives searching for the perfect practice the religion of my choice, to pray to mediate estimate, obtained in connection style between high key and low key, seeking my own God, and I feel very comfortable the right combination with which to open with that. with the administration's housing projec­ the safe of equality. But they have better I'm proud to say that I've had the oppor­ tions, approximates 421 ,000 fewer jobs. odds at winning a lottery. tunity to see America. I don't mean driving Also, in a period of economic downturn Style isn't totally irrelevant, but it belongs out to the country or going downtown. I in housing production, smaller and less in its place, somewhere below that old politi­ mean from coast to coast. I've been in al­ capital-intensive firms tend to be cal standby, Power. Style is an issue for those most every state in the United States. I've squeezed out of business. who seek to move the powerholders. But the seen the land in all its splendor, from plains The administration's budget cuts in Carter administration will be less impressed to deserts to mountains to oceans. I've ex­ by a bunch of women all "dressed for suc­ perienced the people and their differ.ent ways this area could very well make a bad situ­ cess" than by a sea of female activists sing­ of life in the different parts of the country. ation worse. I have attached to my state­ ing. "What have you done for us lately?" The But every one of those people were true ment a copy of an article which appeared ERA isn't awarded to those who behave gen­ Americans. Freely practicing what they be­ in the Washington Post after our hear­ teelly, but to those who hold the votes. lieve in and continuously striving to im- ings. I have also inserted the Library 3936 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 5, 1979 of Congress study as well as testimony cording to the Federal Home Loan Bank residential construction. The employment by Mr. Schechter of the AFL-CIO. Boa.rd (FHLBB) . estimates do not include an estimate of em­ Altogether, the savings and loans garnered ployment resulting from expenditures of The material follows: $4 billion in net new savings in January, the wages received by those employed on the HOUSING STARTS PLUMMET; E CONOMIC second best January ever for the industry. construction and in building materials SLOWDOWN SEEN Moreover, Kenneth Biederman, the FHLBB's industries. (By John M. Berry) chief economist, said, "We have not seen any 1979 TO 1980 CHANGES IN HUD RENTAL HOUSING significant drop off in forward commitments Housing starts plummeted last month to PROGRAMS their lowest level in two years, the Commerce to lend. What we are seeing is mostly Department reported yesterday, the most seasonal.'' The major chage is in HUD budget author­ "The key," Biederman said, "will be in the ity for assistance payments over 20 to 40 serious sign to date that the economy may years for the Section 8 (private) and public be slowing down. spring when housing activity normally turns up. If it doesn't, then we're in trouble." rental housing programs. It proposes author­ The chief economist fo?: the National As­ ity for obligations of $26.9 billion for fiscal sociation of Homebuilders, Michael Sumich­ The personal income increase of $7.9 bil­ lion-to an annual rate of $1.815 trillion­ 1980, down from $30.8 billion in 1979. In rast, said the decline in housing starts in terms of units for which funding could be January to an annual rate of 1.66 million was held down by an increase in the Social Security tax rate, from 6.05 percent to 6.13 placed under reservation, the number is re­ represented "the beginning of a recession" duced from 360,000 to 300,000. The 60,000 re­ for the housing industry. percent, paid by both employe and employer. The taxable wage base for Social Security duction would consist of 20,000 units that Because the industry is the first part of would be leased in existing structures, which the economy to feel the pinch of higher in­ was also raised, from $17,700 to $22,900, effec­ tive last month. That change does not affect would not have a discernible employment im­ terest rates and restrictive policies, it often pact in the near future; and 30,000 new con­ serves as a kind of early-warning system for most workers until much later in the year, but the Commerce statisticians assume in struction plus 10,000 major rehabilitation the rest of the economy. units. The Carter administration has predicted their calculations that its effect is spread slower economic growth this year, but some uniformly through the year. The latter 40 ,000 units, equivalent to about private economists and the Congressional Together the Social Security changes 35,000 new units, would represent roughly Budget Office foresee a mild recession. lopped $5 billion off personal income last 24,000 man years of work. It must be noted, Part of the sharp decline in new housing month, the way the statisticians figured it. however, that given the long lead time be­ construction from December's 2.06 million On the other hand, the increase in the tween fund reservations and starts of con­ rate was weather related, housing experts federal minimum wage and an expansion of struction for multifamily, rental housing said. About half the drop occurred in the coverage to additional workers raised in­ projects, the impact of this reduction in em­ snowbound north central region, with most comes by about $2 billion. Meanwhile, De­ ployment opportunities would be felt in fis­ of the remainder in the West. cember personal income was inflated by $5.1 cal years after 1980 and probably mostly The Commerce Department also reported billion in income support payments-$5.1 bil­ after fiscal year 1981. yesterday that personal income in January lion to the nation's grain farmers. Nevertheless, the AFL--CIO strongly op­ rose a modest $7.9 billion, aft er a $17.4 bil­ poses this cutback in housing production lion gain in November and a $21 8 billion in­ STATEMENT BY HENRY B . SCHECHTER which supports a continued inflation­ crease in December. Again, some special fac­ I appreciate t he opportunity to present generating housing shortage. During 1978 the tors increased the apparent size of the drop. before you the views of the AFL-CIO on the shelter component of the Consumer Price Yesterday's figures followed a report impact of the President's fiscal year 1980 Index, encompassing residential rent and Thursday by the Federal Reserve Board that budget for housing programs upon employ­ homeownership costs rose 11.5 percent, com­ industrial production in January rose only ment opportunities. pared with 9.0 percent for all items com­ 0.1 percent, the smallest amount in a year. In response to the more general economic bined. Furthermore, historically low rental vacancy rates and the age composition of The homebuilders' Sumichrast, taking the questions concerning inflation and employ­ ment, that have been framed by the Chair­ the population suggest that the rental hous­ dimmest view of the January decline, said it ing shortage will still be with us two or three "is real and wide-spread." man, I have appended a statement on "Anti­ Inflation Policies" of the AFL-CIO. That years from now. And increased employment "Only about 25 percent of it was winter­ statement presents a critical analysis of the opportunities that more construction can related in the Midwest," he said. Administration's guidelines program, and provide will be needed. Sumichrast blamed the decline on "the proposes the AFL-CIO alternative of com­ HUD REHABrLITATION AND HOME OWNERSHIP high cost of money and high inflat ion." He prehensive mandatory controls. Our state­ ASSISTANCE predicts that the rate of starts will fail to an ment strongly reflects a position that reces­ There will be a smaller but more im­ average of 1.7 million units in 1979 and bot­ sion and rising unemployment do not have mediate impact in connection with a cut­ tom out at a 1.3 million to 1.4 million rate to be risked in order to curb inflation, that back in HUD's Section 312 rehabilitation in the first quarter of next year. price rises can be curbed during economic loan program for single-family and multi­ President Carter's chief economic adviser, growth. family units. The proposed budget authority Charles Schultze, said housing dropped More needs to be done to progress toward of $130 million for loans in fiscal 1980 would "partly because of tight money and partly the full employment goal established by the be $100 million less than in 1979. After taking because of cold weather." Humphrey-Hawkins bill and to simultane­ account of differences in carryover balances, Mortgage money has become much more ously counteract inflation in particular sec­ however, the program level in fiscal 1980 expensive and hard to get in recent months t ors of the economy. Housing is a sector in would be $75 million less than in fiscal 1979. as the Federal Reserve has forced up interest which such simultaneous progress can be That would represent roughly 2,250 man rates in an effort to slow down the economy. made. years of work lost (using employment factors But until yesterday's release of the housing Due to a short supply of housing relative for home construction). to needs, arising from a population tidal numbers, there was little evidence that the HUD also has an assisted ( Section 235 ) Fed's tight policy was working. wave entering adulthood, an upsurge in housing prices and rents is a major vehicle homeownership program for which it does The big reason, experts say, was the in­ for the transmission of inflation to the gen­ not need additional budget authority. Under troduction, approved by the Fed, last year of eral economy. There is a need, therefore, that program, monthly assistance payments a new six-month money market certificate to support an increase in housing produc­ are made to lenders by HUD on behalf of paying savers with at least $10,000 to invest tion over the next few years, rather than to eligible, limited income owners to reduce the at interest rates higher than that being paid cut Federal programs back and to add to effective interest rate paid by the owner­ on comparable U.S. Treasury securities. The an expected decline in private housing occupant. At the end of fiscal year 1979 HUD Fed approved the certificates to ease, but not production. will have sufficient budget authority to sup­ eliminate, the effect of tight money on I will summarize the major changes be­ port an ·estimated 107,000 additional units housing. tween fiscal 1979 and 1980 in budgetary au­ with necessary annual assistance payments. "The housing decline came seven months thorizations for housing programs, the However, the budget contemplates commit· later because of the certificates," Sumichrast effects in terms of housing units and em­ ments for only 25,000 units in fiscal 1980 said. "But I am not sure whether they are a ployment during given time frames, and which would be 7,000 more than in 1979. It blessing or a curse" because of the way they t he failure of the budget to provide for off­ would mean a net increment of about 5,000 have squeezed thrift institutions• profit mar­ sets to anticipated declines in total resi­ man years of work. gins and pushed mortgage rates higher, he dential construction activity and employ­ However, the level of Section 235 program added. ment. activity contemplated in the budget is ques­ In pa.st periods of high interest rates and All references to estimated man years of tionable. In fiscal 1978 less than 12,000 unit tight credit, savings flows to housing lenders work are for on-site and off-site construction fund reservations were made. The program usually dried up, and so did mortgage availa­ work and for work in production and dis­ moves so slowly, in part, because there is a bility. During the 1974-75 recession, the con­ tribution of building materials. The esti­ minimum effective interest rate of 4 percent struction industry was especially hard hit. mates are based on available data for unit required. The statutory minimum is 1 per­ Last month, however, $6.66-billion-worth of const ruction expenditures and Bureau of cent. The program could no doubt, be acceler­ the money market certificates were issued by Labor Statistics estimate of manpower re­ ated by lowering the interest rate to the the nation's savings and loan association, ac- quirements for given dollar expenditures for statutory minimum of 1 percent. It would March 5, 1979 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3937 then be possible to accelerate the program thority for HUD assisted rental housing pro­ TABLE 1.- ACTUAL AND PROJECTED HOUSING STARTS, to a higher annual level. grams should be raised from 300,000 to at 1978- 80 FARMERS HOMZ ADMINISTRATION PROGRAMS least 400,000 units, with the bulk of the in­ crease designated for new construction. (In thousands! Farmers Home Administration housing program cutbacks would have an impact EMPLOYMENT IMPACT OF REDUCED HOUSING Structures upon employment opportunities with only a PRODUCTION with 2 or minor time lag. That is because most of the ( By Morton J . Sch ussheim) Total 1 un it more units cutback in loans for new construction would This paper addresses three questions: be for single family Section 502 home loans 1978 : Census (actual).. . .. 2, 021. 5 l, 432. 7 588. 8 which can be started without delay. Even 1. By how much will housing starts decline 1979 estimate: the multifamily Section 515 projects are gen­ in 1979 and 1980 below the volume of 1978? HUD/CEA • ...... ••.. 1 l , 700. 0 1, 200. 0 500.0 erally relatively small, averaging about 25 2. What reductions in housing-related em­ ORI...... 2 1, 790. 0 1, 240. 0 550. 0 ployment can be expected in association with NAHB ...... 31,640. 0 1, 100. 0 540. 0 units, and do not require as long a lead 1980 estimate: time as the larger HUD multifamily projects. various forecasts of lower housing produc­ 1, 316. 0 584.0 tion? 1, 310. 0 580.0 Reductions from 1979 to 1980 in budget 1, 060. 0 540. 0 authority for subsidized and non-subsidized 3. What will be the effect of the Adminis­ ~~t~:::::::::::::::; ti~~:~ housing loans for Section 502 new home tration's proposed budget cuts in assisted purchases and Section 515 rental housing housing on employment and when will these I CEA projections are annual rates for the 4th quarter. Number loans, would reduce by almost 13,000 the job losses occur? of jobs varies depending on mix between 1-family and 2 or more l. Expected Housing Production Levels in family construction. CEA does not allocate between the 2 sectors number of new units that could be funded, for 1980. Numbers shown here are based on ORI 's allocation . and the amount of construction involved 1979 and 1980: In calendar year 1978 housing 19.79 data- Statement by Patricia Harris before the Senate Com­ would support about 9,400 man years of work. starts reached a volume of 2,021,500 units. mittee on Bankin~, Hous ing and Urban Affa irs. Dec. 22 , 1978; This was a relatively strong performance, and 1980 Econom ic Report of the Pres ident, House Doc. No. It should be noted, however, that Farmers exceeding earlier forecasts of many econo­ 96-50, pp. 100- 101. Home Administration reportedly will request ? Data Resources U.S. Forecast Summary, February 1979. mists by several hundred thousand units. In N;~-:_uilder," Jan. 15, 1979, p. 17 and phone conversation with $985 million in supplemental loan funds to only three prior years have housing starts fund about 16,000 units under a new deep­ topped 2 million-1971, 1972 (a record 2,378,- subsidy homeownership program, and an 500), and 1973. TABLE 2.-EXPECTED DECLINE IN HOUSING STARTS FROM equal amount for fiscal year 1980. If such What is the outlook for 1979? The con­ 1978 LEVEL AND REDUCTION IN JOBS requests were granted and if most of the sensus among housing analysts is that starts 32,000 units to be funded over a two year are likely to be in the range of 1.6 to 1.8 mil­ 1979 1980 perioq were new units, it would more than lion units. The drop in housing starts in 1979 offset the 1979 to 1980 reductions in resi­ will be predominantly in single-family Starts Jobs Starts Jobs dential construction employment generated homes, as potential purchasers are deterred by the regular fiscal 1980 Farmers Home or priced out by high home prices and high ORI.. . . _.... -231, 000 -315, 000 -131, 000 -178, 000 Administration budget. mortgage interest rates. In some states with HUD/CEA .... -321, 000 -421, 000 -121, 000 t -165 000 WHAT THE BUDGET FAILS TO DO usury ceilings, some home-seeking families NAHB.. •. • •• -382, 000 -527, 000 -422, 000 -585: 000 The chief failure of the budget with re­ will encounter a reduced availability of spect to housing and related employment is mortgage money. I Number of jobs varies depend ing on mix between I-family the lack of provision to offset a generally Several forecasts may be noted. The Coun­ and 2 or more family co nstruction . CEA does not allocate between the 2 sectors for 1980 ; numbers shown here are based expected 1979 decline in nongovernmental cil of Economic Advisers (CEA) and the Sec­ on ORI 's allocation. housing. In the January 1979 Economic Re­ retary of Housing and Urban Development port of the President, the Council of Eco­ (HUD) have projected starts of 1.7 to 1.75 The housing outlook for 1980 depends on nomic Advisers predicts that by the fourth million units in 1979; 1 the National Asso- many assumptions, any of which could sub­ quarter of 1979 the seasonally adjusted an­ stantially alter the level of production. nual rate of new housing starts will be down ciation of Home Builders expects only 1.64 NAHB is the most bearish; if their current to 1.75 million. million units; 2 and Otto Eckstein of Data forecast for 1980 is borne out, labor require­ This would be an 18 percent decline from Resources, Inc. (DR!) anticipates 1.79 mil­ ments would be 585,000 m.an-years below the over 2.1 million level of fourth quarter lion units 3 (See Table 1) 1978. But the decline would be under 200,000 of 1978. Most private forecasters are predict­ Housing starts in 1980 are difficult to fore­ man-years if the projections of the Coun­ ing a greater decrease in new housing starts, cast. For what they are worth, the NAHB's cil of Economic Advisers and DR! prove that would produce about a 25 percent year­ analysts now anticipate 1.6 million units; accurate. to-year decline by the fourth quarter of cal­ DR! expects 1.89 million; and the Council In a period of downturn in housing pro­ endar 1979, the first quarter of fiscal 1980. of Economic Advisers foresees "about 1.9 duction, smaller and less capital-intensive million units by the fourth quarter of 1980." ' firms tend to be squeezed out of business. The outlook as seen by the Administration JOB LOSSES To the extent that this occurs, the labor and by many private economists, therefore, is requirements per house constructed would for housing construction to decline from cur­ Changes in the volume of housing prcdi,ic­ tion are reflected in variations in labor re­ probably be lowered somewhat. Thus, cal­ rent levels by between 350,000 and 450,000 culations based on average relationships may units. It would mean the estimated loss of quirements. If housing starts decline in 1979 and 1980, as now expected, there will be a understate the drop in man-years of work between 375,000 and 500,000 jobs. (Private associated with a substantial decline in new units, on the average, are more expen­ drop in the demand for workers in the con­ sive and entail more work than publicly as­ struction industry and in related industries. housing production. Data are not available, sisted units.) Studies done by the Bureau of Labor Statis­ however, to adjust for this tendency. All one Building trades workers who are heavily tics indicate that approximately 1.4 man­ can say is that the reduced labor require­ concentrated in residential construction, years of work were associated with each ments estimated here may well be on the low such as carpenters, masons, plasterers and housing unit produced in 1978. side. plumbers, generally cannot shift to other em­ The 1979 decline in labor requirements BUDGET CUTS AND HOUSING LEVELS from 1978 levels associated with lower hous­ ployment when homebuilding is down. Nor The President's budget for Fiscal Year can unemployed woodworkers in the forests, ing production could range between 315.000 and 527,000 man-years. The lowest figure cor­ 1980 proposes to assist "up to 300,000 addi­ or factory workers who produce bathroom tional low-income families" in rental hous­ fixtures and kitchen cabinets. There is a rip­ responds to DRI's projected decline in housing starts of 231 ,000 units; if NAHB's ing under HUD programs. Another 25,000 ple effect of such unemployment which moderate-income families would be helped spreads throughout the economy. This effect anticipated drop of 382,000 units eventuates, was well illustrated by the 1974-76 depression the number of jobs lost could exceed a half­ by an assisted homeownership program. This of the housing sector which contributed to million. An intermediate estimate is ob­ compares with FY 1979 program levels cur­ the most severe post-World War II general tained in connection with the Carter admin­ rently estimated at 360,000 and 18,000 units economic recession. istration's housing projects--421,000 fewer respectively. In anticipation of the expected decline in jobs. (See Table 2.) These figures reflect "reservations" of private housing starts, it would be well to funds. Because of long lead-time between 1 Statement by Patricia Harris before the reservations and actual start of production, have a budget that could quickly accelerate Senate Committee on Banking, Housing and assisted housing production. It would be the reduced reservations of funds would not Urban Affairs, December 22, 1978, and Eco­ significantly affect housing production untdl helpful to provide the supplementary budget­ nomic Report of the President, House Doc. ary authority required for the new Farmers No. 96-50, p. 100. 1981 and 1982. Home Administration deep subsidy program. ~ Builder, January 15, 1979, p . 17, and tele­ The reduction in new or substantially There should also be an administrative re­ phone information. rehabilitated units assisted with funds duction in the Section 235 home loan interest 3 Data Resources U .S. Forecast Summary, reserved in 1980 will range l1etween 35,000 rate. And in order to maintain the momen­ February 1979. and 50,000 units below 1979 levels, depending tum for production of assisted multifamily ' Economic Report of the President, House upon units costs when actually built. Trans­ rental housing, the fiscal 1980 budgetary au- Doc. No. 96-50, p. 101. lated into labor requirements, the ultimate 3938 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 5, 1979 effect would be a lowering of demand for then she jumped to her feet and danced has devoted an entire newsletter to a dis­ workers by 33 ,000 to 48,000 man-years.5 around his legs as he walked into the kitchen cussion of the rights of animals. APPENDIX STATEMENT ON ASSUMPTIONS USED to get something to eat. Sabrina's exuberant According to physiologist Dr. F . Barbara IN THIS PAPER joy at his return never failed to cheer him. Orlans of the National Institutes of Health, "Within the scientific community there's a Estimated total jobs per billion dollars of Early next morning, the professor drove back to the medical school and entered the growing concern for animals that has not yet contract construction in 1978 dollars by in­ had a forum." Dr. Orlans is president of the dustry and type of co"nstruction. Data are laboratory. He noticed that a dog on which one of his students had operated the previ­ newly formed Scientists' Center for Animal preliminary. They do not include allowance Welfare, which hopes to raise the level of for a multiplier effect resulting from the ous afternoon still had an endotracheal tube in its throat and obviously had not received awareness on the part of fellow scientists and respending of income earned by employees the public about avoidable suffering inflicted in the construction and related industries. pain medication. He must be more strict in his orders, he thought to himself. Another on -lab animals, wildlife and animals raised dog had bled through its bandages and lay for meat. "We will try to be a voice of reason. Private We can perhaps be a link between scientists multi­ silently in a pool of blood. Sloppy work, the professor thought-must speak to that stu­ and the humane organizations," Dr. Orlans Private single family explains. "We hope also to provide solid fac­ family housing housing dent. None of the dogs made any sounds, because new arrivals at the laboratory were tual data on which animal-protection deci­ Total jobs ______sions can be based." 28, 900 31,800 always subjected to an operation called a Another link between the researchers and Construction ------­ 12, 700 14,200 ventriculocordectomy that destroyed their humane organizations is a new committee 10,800 12,400 vocal cords so that no barks or howls dis­ OnsiteOffsite __---______------______------_ comprising more than 400 doctors and scien­ 1,900 1, 800 turbed people in the medical school and tists that has been formed by Friends of Other industries ______16, 200 17, 600 surrounding buildings. Animals, a national animal-welfare group. Manufacturing ------­ 7, 100 9,500 The professor looked over the animals that Headed by eight M.D.'s, the committee is Trade, transportation and would be used that day by his surgery stu­ making a survey of Federally funded animal­ services ------6, 500 6, 100 dents. He came across a new female dog taat research projects. Friends of Animals ho,pes Mining and other ______2,600 2, 000 had just been delivered by the dealer. Badly that the study will expose not only needless frightened, she whined and wagged her tail atrocities performed on animals, but also Source: Office of Productivity and Tech­ ingratiatingly as he paused in front of her boondoggles involving taxpayers' money. nology, Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. De­ cage. The professor felt a stab. The small dog One reason scientists are no longer so in­ partment of Labor, Washington, D.C. 20212. bore an amazing resemblance to Sabrina. different to the suffering they inflict on ani­ Estimated cost of single family unit is Quickly he walked away. Nevertheless, he mals is the discoveries that science itself has $50,000, exclusive of land and site improve­ made a note to remind himself to give or­ made. We now know that many animals feel, ment costs. ders for her vocal cords to be destroyed and think, reason, communicate, have sophisti­ for her to be conditioned for experimental cated social systems and even, on occasion, Estimated cost of multifamily unit is $30,- surgery. 000, exclusive of land and site improvement behave altruistically toward each other. costs.e American researchers sacrifice approxi­ Communication by sign language with higher mately 64 million animals annually. Some primates, demonstrations of the intelligence 400,000 dogs, 200,000 cats, 33,000 apes and of dolphins and whales, observations of the A SEARCH FOR ALTERNATIVES monkeys, thousands of horses, ponies, calves, complex societies of wolves and other ani­ sheep, goats and pigs, and millions of rab­ mals, and many other investigations have bits, hamsters, guinea pigs, birds, rats and narrowed the gap between ourselves and the HON. DANIEL K. AKAKA mice are used every year in experiments that rest of the animal kingdom, making it more often involve intense suffering. The research OF HAWAII difficult to rationalize inhumane experi­ establishment has generally insisted that ments. Dr. Dallas Pratt, author of "Painful IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES live animals provide the only reliable tests Experiments on Animals," points out that Monday, March 5, 1979 for drugs, chemicals and cosmetics that will "among the rats and mice, the computers be used by people. Researchers also believe and oscilloscopes, there is Koko"-referring • Mr. AK.AKA. Mr. Speaker, I want to that animal experiments are necessary in the to the young gorilla whom a California pri­ take this opportunity to draw attention search for cures for human illnesses and de­ matologist has taught a working vocabulary to the need for developing alternatives feats. There is no question that many im­ of 375 words and concepts in sign language to the use of live animals in research portant medical discoveries, from polio vac­ and who has even learned to take snapshots and testing. I would in no way urge a ban cine to the physiology of the stress response, with a Polaroid camera. It's hard not to feel have indeed been made through the use of squeamish about subjecting animals to in­ on the use of animals in laboratories. No animals. Thus universities, medical and sci­ humane experiments when they possess al­ one can dispute the value of live speci­ entific institutions, pharmaceutical com­ most human intelligence. mens in certain forms of testing. There panies, cosmetics manufacturers and the The thinking of researchers ls also begin­ is some question, however, whether the military have always taken for granted their ning to be affected by the growing movement level of use and the conditions to which right to use animals in almost any way they for animal rights. The rising concern for the these animals are subjected to can be see fit. welfare of animals is seen by some people as justified. In support of this I would like But increasing numbers of scientists are a natural extension of contemporary move­ to submit, for the RECORD, the following beginning to ask themselves some hard eth­ ments promoting civil rights, women's rights, article from the New York Times of De­ ical questions and to re-evaluate their rou­ homosexual rights, human rights and chil­ tine use of painful testing tools such as elec­ dren's rights. Public interest in preserving cember 31, 1978: tric shock. stomach tubes, hot plates, re­ endangered species is based first on an in­ NEW DE.BATE OVER EXPERIMENTING WITH straining boxes and radiation devices. A new creasing awareness of the complexity and ANIMALS debate has arisen over whether all such ex­ fragility of ecosystems, and second on the (By Patricia Curtis) periments are worth the suffering they en­ notion, still much debated, that any species tail. The professor wa.s late leaving the medical of plant or animal, from the lowly snail school because he'd had to review papers by Strongly opposing curtailment of animal darter to the blue whale, has the right to his third-year students in experimental sur­ experimentation are groups such as the Na­ continue to exist. From here it ls only a short gery. It was well after 11 when he wearily tional Society for Medical Research, which logical step to the belief that animals have insists that any such reduction would jeop­ the right to exist without suffering unneces­ drove his car into the garage. The house was sarily. dark except for a hall light left on for him. ardize public safety and scientific progress. His wife and youngsters were already a.sleep, The N.S.M.R. was formed to resist what it Near the top of the list of animal-welfare he realized, and the professor suddently felt considers the threat of Government regula­ activists' causes is putting an end to inhu­ lonely as he fit his key in the lock. But even tion of animals research and to refute the mane experiments on laboratory animals. as he pushed open the door, Sabrina was charges of humane societies. Many scientists In Great Britain, where a vigorous antiviv­ there to welcome him. She was always wait­ however, although they firmly believe that isection movement has existed for more ing for him, lying on the rug just inside the some animal research is necessary, no longer than a century, a clandestine group called door. endorse such an absolutist approach to the the Animal Liberation Front conducts com­ The little dog leaped up ecstatically, wag­ issue. mando-style raids on laboratories, liberating ging her ta.ii and licking the professor's "Some knowledge can be obtained at too animals and sabotaging research equipment. A.L.F. members have also been known to hand. The professor stroked her affection­ high a price," writes British physiologist Dr. slash tires and pour sugar in the gas tanks ately. She flopped on her back and grinned D. H. Smyth in his recent book "Alternatives at him as he tickled her chest and belly; of trucks used by animal dealers who supply to Animal Experiments." labs. To be sure, this group of zealots s Multifamily units are smaller and less "The lives and suffering of animals must hasn't made much of a dent in England's expensive than single-family units. Thus, a surely count for something," says Jeremy J. vast research community, but it does appeal given number of multifamily units calls for Stone, director of the Washington-based to a gut reaction on the part of many Bri­ fewer workers than single-family houses. Federation of American Scientists, which tons against animal research. March 5, 1979 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3939 Animal-rights activities are not merely hole so as not to inhibit researchers unduly. spite pressure from the American scientific sentimental do-gooders and pet-lovers. They If a scientist claims that pain is a necessary community to rescind the ban. In the mean­ have mounted a philosophical attack on the part of an experiment, anesthetics or anal­ time, researchers are making do with non­ traditional Western attitude towards ani­ gesics may be withheld. Indian rhesus monkeys and a close relative, mals, branding it as "speciesist" (like racist One standard test conducted on rats by the crab-eating macaque. or sexist), a term derived from the word drug companies is called the "writhing test" One of the arguments in favor of animal "speciesism," coined by psychologist and because the agonized way the animals react tests is that under the controlled circum­ author Dr. Richard Ryder. The Australian to irritants injected in to their abdomens. stances of the experimental laboratory they philosopher Peter Singer, in his influential Paradoxically, this test assesses the efficacy are likely to be objective and consistent. 1975 book "Animal Liberation," argued that of pain-killers, which are administered only But the results of the same tests con­ the "speciesist" rationalization, "Human after the rats show signs of acute suffering. ducted on the same kinds of animals often beings come first," is usually used by people Equally common are psychological experi­ differ from one laboratory to the next. When who do nothing for either human or non­ ments in "learned helplessness" that have 25 cooperating companies, including Avon, human animals. And he pointed out the been conducted on rats, dogs and other kinds Revlon and American Cyanamid, conducted parallels between the oppression of blacks, of animals. In some of these tests, caged ani­ a comprehensive study of eye- and skin­ women and animals: Such oppression is mals are given painful electric shocks until irritation tests using rabbits, the results usually rationalized on the g.rounds that they learn certain maneuvers to obtain their varied widely. The study concluded that the oppressed group is inferior. food. As they become adept at avoiding the these tests "should not be recommended as In 1977, when outraged antivivisectionists shocks, the researchers keep changing the standard procedures in any new regulations" heard about some highly unpleasant electric­ rules.· so that the animals have to keep because they yielded "unreliable results." shock and burn experiments conducted on learning more and more ways to avoid One of these tests, the Draize Ophthalmic young pigs in Denmark, they wasted no time shocks. Ultimately no way remains to es­ Irritancy Test, is used to evaluate the effect in pointing out the irony that the tests were cape, and the animals simply give up and lie upon the eyes of household and aerosol being conducted by Amnesty International, on the floors of their cages, passively receiv­ products, shampoos and eye makeup. Rab­ the human-rights organization. Amnesty In­ ing shock after shock. Researchers have bits are used because their eyes do not have ternational was attempting to prove that attempted to draw parallels between "learned effective tear glands and thus cannot easily human prisone.rs could be tortured without helplessness" and depression in human be­ flush away or dissolve irritants. The animals leaving any marks, and pigs were used be­ ings, but some critics have difficulty perceiv­ are pinioned in stocks and their eyes are cause of the similarity of their skin to ours. ing their necessity. "What more are we go­ exposed to a substance until inflammation, (The tests were subsequently discontinued.) ing to learn about human depression by ulceration or gross damages occurs. Paradoxically, the public tends to be "spe­ continuing to produce immobility in ani­ Many investigators concede that the data ciesist" in its reaction to animal experimen­ mals?" asks former animal experimenter Dr. provided by such experiments are often in­ tation: For many people, a test is permissible Roger Ulrich, now a research professor of consistent and that the stresses caused by when it inflicts pain on a "lower" animal like psychology at Western Michigan University. crowded cages, callous treatment, pain and a hamster, but not when the victim is a Electric shock is widely used on many fear can affect animals' metabolisms and dog. When it was discovered in the summer different kinds of animals in various types thus confuse test results. "Since there is of 1976 that the American Museum of of research. In one experiment typical hardly a single organ or biochemical system Natural History was damaging the b.rains of of a series that has been under way since in the body that is not affected by stress," cats and running painful sex experiments 1966 at the Armed Forces Radiobiology Re­ says Dr. Harold Hillman, a British phys­ on them, hundreds of people picketed in search Institute in Bethesda, Md., 10 rhesus iologist, "it is almost certainly the main protest. The museum's Animal Behavior monkeys were starved for 18 hours and reason for the wide variation reported among Department defended itself on the grounds then "encouraged" with electric prods to animals on whom painful experiments have that the research was intended to gain a run rapidly on treadmills. This went on been done." better understanding of human sexual re­ for several weeks before the monkeys were Very often, different species respond dif­ sponses. Animal-rights groups, scientists subjected to 4,600 rads of gamma-neutron ferently to substances or situations. The ra­ among them, were not convinced of the radiation. Then they were retested on the tionale for many animal tests is that they necessity of the tests, which came to an end treadmills for six hours, and subsequently predict human reactions, but thalidomide, only when the chief researcher retired. But for two hours each day until they died. for example, did not produce deformities in the protesters made no stir about the Mean · survival time for vomiting, in­ the fetuses of dogs, cats, monkeys and ham­ pigeons, doves and rats that suffered in the capacitated monkeys was recorded in sters. On the other hand, insulin has been same laboratory. A.F.F.R.I. 's report as 37 hours. Dogs have proved harmful to rabbits and mice although If United States Army researchers had been used in similar experiments, whose it saves human lives. used guinea pigs instead of beagles when purpose is to get an idea of the effects of Researchers are becoming increasingly they tried out a poison gas, they probably radiation on human endurance. dubious about the efficacy of the LD/50, a would not have provoked the public outcry Now A.F.F.R.I. and other American re­ test for acute toxicity that consists of force­ that resulted in the curtailment of their search facilities art having to look for new feeding a group of animals a specific sub­ funding in 1974. When a few Avon sales­ sources of monkeys. In March 1978, the stance until half of them die, ostensibly women quit thei.r jobs last spring after read­ Government of India banned further ex­ providing a quantitative measure of how ing about painful eyemakeup tests the com­ port of rhesus monkeys to the United States. poisonous the substance is. In "Painful Ex­ pany conducts on rabbits, they did not com­ The native population was dwindling and periments on Animals," Dr. Pratt asks what plain about the thousands of guinea pigs Prime Minister Morarji R. Desai cited vio­ we learn from forcing hair dye or face pow­ and rats Avon routinely puts to death in lations of a previous agreement that re­ der into a dog or rat through a stomach tube acute-toxicity tests. stricted the use of rhesus monkeys to medi­ until its internal organs rupture. It is not known whether any single verte­ cal research under humane conditions. One small victory for animal-welfare ac­ brate species is more or less immune to pain "There is no difference between cruelty to tivists that was hailed by many American than another. A neat line cannot be drawn animals and cruelty to human beings," the scientists was the 1975 Canadian ban on the across the evolutionary scale dividing the ascetic Prime Minister stated. The Inter­ use of vertebrate animals by students par­ sensitive from the insensitive. Yet the suf­ national Primate Protection League, a four­ ticipating in science fairs. Children had been fering of laboratory rats and mice is regarded year-old watchdog group whose members a.warded prizes for attempting hearttrans­ as trivial by scientists and the public alike. include many scientists and especially plant surgery on unanesthetized rabbits, These rodents have the dubious honor of be­ primatologists (Jane Goodall, for one), had amputating the feet of lizards, performing ing our No. 1 experimental animals, compos­ spread word in the Indian press that Amer­ Caesarean operations on pregnant mice, ing possibly 75 percent of America's total ican scientists were using rhesus monkeys bleeding dogs into a state of shock and lab-animal population. As Russell Baker in grisly trauma experiments. According to blinding pigeons. Remarking that such "ex­ once wrote. "This is no time to be a mouse." the Primate Protection League, these tests periments" were a distortion of the spirit of included dipping monkeys in boiling water Rats and mice are specifically excluded research, science-fair officials ruled out all at the University of Kansas, shooting them such projects except observations of the from a Federal law designed to give some in the face with high-powered rifles at the protection to laboratory animals. The Ani­ normal living patterns of wild or domestic University of Chicago, and slamming them animals. mal Welfare Act, passed in 1966 and amended in the stomach with a cannon-impactor in 1970, is administered by the Department In this country, the search for adequate traveling at a speed of 70 miles per hour substitutes for laboratory animals was offi­ of Agriculture and covers only about 4 per­ at the University of Michigan. cent of laboratory animals. Animal advo­ cially launched last summer when the year­ cates worked hard for the bill, which sets "I feel justified in stating that fully 80 old American Fund for Alternatives to Ani­ some standards for the housing of animals in percent of the experiments involving rhesus mal Research made its first grant-$12,500 to laboratories and at the dealers' facilities monkeys are either unnecessary, represent a biology professor at Whitman College in from which many of them are obtained. But useless duplication of previous work, or Walla Walla, Wash. The award to Dr. Earl the law places no restrictions on the kinds could utilize nonanimal alternatives," wrote William Fleck will help finance his develop­ of experiments to which animals may be Illinois Wesleyan University biologist Dr. ment of a test substituting one-celled orga­ subjected. It does indicate that pain-reliev­ John E. McArdle, a specialist in primate nisms called tetrahymena for animals in ing drugs should be used on the few types functional anatomy, in a letter to Prime screening substances for tetratogens, agents of animals it covers-but it includes a loop- Minister Desai, who so far has held firm de- that can cause birth defects. It is expected 3940 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 5, 1979 tha.t the test, 1! a.nd when perfected, will la.bora.tory animals can be drastically re­ my own. A feeling a Military Court of the be cheaper, quicker, more a.ccura.te a.nd cer­ duced, but also warns that it is unlikely a United States tried to take away from Phillip ts.inly more humane than putting thousands complete phasing out of animal experimenta­ Nolan in the novel The Man Without A of pregnant animals to death. tion wm happen soon. "By the time we can Country by Edward Everett Ha.le. The book According to veterlna.rla.n Thurman Graf­ produce complete alternatives to living tis­ ls fiction, but the point ls the same, while ton, executive director of. the Na.tlona.l Soci­ sue," Dr. Smyth writes, "we will not need one can be physically removed from the ety for Medics.I Research, people who ta.lk those alternatives because we will already country, the feelings remain. America ls a. a.bout alternatives to a.nlma.ls a.re creating understand how living tissues work." part of me and as I care about it, I want false hopes. "These new technologies ca.n Still, Dr. Smyth asks, "Does this mean we to preserve and protect it. only be adjuncts to the use of a.nima.ls," he can perpetrate any cruelty on animals to My concern for America's future can be claims. "While they serve a. purpose in fur­ satisfy scientific curiosity in the hope that it three-fold. It's the feeling of pride, of nishing clues a.s to wha.t direction a. type of will one day be useful? To me it certainly strength and the conglomerate of half a research might ta.ke, you will always ul­ does not.... Everyone has a right to decide dozen emotions that churn inside me when timately need an intact animal with all its that certain procedures a.re unacceptable." I recite the Pledge of Allegiance. I want my living complications and interchanging bio­ Richard Ryder calls animal experimenters family and friends to have this feeling. Many chemical functions to properly assay a drug." to task for trying to have it both ways: Re­ people today do not realize what they are "Not so," says Ethel Thurston, administra­ searchers defend their work scientifl.ca.lly on missing. America ls a great democratic coun­ tor of the American Fund for Alternatives. the basis of the similarities between human try. We a.re not under the oppressive systems "Enough progress has already been ma.de to beings and animals, but defend it morally on as in the Soviet Union, China or Bolivia. As indicate that certain techniques can com­ the basis of the differences. more and more come to this realization, pletely replace a.nlma.ls." And there's the rub: The differences aren't America becomes stronger. We're not a Utopia.. Several of these techniques have been as reassuringly clear-cut as they once were. America is a. country that can "promote the developed over the la.st five years in Great We now know that some animals have a general welfare," as is stated in the Pream­ Britain, where the Lord Dowding Fund for more highly developed intelligence than ble of the Constitution. Since I prefer a Humane Research has given grants totaling some human beings-infants, for example, strong country, I am concerned about what more than $400,000 to dozens of scientists or the retarded and the senile. Dr. Ryder asks, others feel. engaged in research aimed a.t finding experi­ " If we were to be discovered by some more Those are my reasons. Selfish? You bet. But mental substitutes for animals. Dowding is intelligent creatures in the universe, would it isn't just ca.ring, the feeling ls deeper, it's currently financing several developmental they be justified in experimenting on us?"e loving and I love America.e studies of the Ames Test, a promising tech­ nique invented by a. Berkeley biochemistry profesor, Dr. Bruce Ames, that uses salmo­ nella. bacteria rather than animals to deter­ mine the carcinogenic properties of chemi­ WHY I CARE ABOUT AMERICA REVISING THE HANDGUN STATUTE cals. (It was the Ames Test that recently re­ vealed the possible carcinogenic dangers of HON. DON YOUNG HON. JONATHAN B. BINGHAM certain hair dyes.) Another Dowding Fund recipient, research physician Dr. John C. Pet­ OF ALASKA OF NEW YORK riccia.ni, now with the Food and Drug Admin­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES istration, has devised a method of assessing Monday, March 5, 1979 how tumors grow by inoculating the tumor Monday, March 5, 1979 cells into skin from 9-day-old chicken em­ • Mr. YOUNG of Alaska. Mr. Speaker, • Mr. BINGHAM. Mr. Speaker, on Jan­ bryos instead of into living animals. every year the Veterans of Foreign Wars uary 15, 1979, I introduced H.R. 40, a bill Animal tests are frequently replaced by of the United States and the ladies aux­ which would prohibit the importation, other methods discovered and developed by scientists like Dr. Ames who a.re not trying iliary have a Voice of Democracy con­ manufacture, sale, purchase, transfer, to a.void the use of animals per se but are test for high school students. Over 250,000 receipt, possession, or transportation of simply searching for simpler and more cost­ secondary students participated compet­ handguns.· A strict handgun control effl.clent ways to achieve their goals. Dr. Hans ing for the five national scholarships that measure is sorely needed in our Nation Stlech, a Canadian cancer researcher, for are awarded as prizes. This year the and is long overdue. example, has devised a new test for detecting theme of the contest was "Why I Care The case against the handgun gets carcinogenicity in chemicals; it uses human About America." stronger all the time. According to the cells, takes one week and costs only about The willing essay from my State of $260. The traditional method, using rats and latest available FBI crime report, about mice, takes three years and costs approxi­ Alaska is presented here. It is written by 80 percent of all murders committed in mately $150,000. Carol Ann Goldmann of 8440 Blackberry, the United States involve a handgun. The In addition to egg embryos, bacteria. and Anchorage, Alaska. majority of all murders committed are simple organisms, possible substitutes for WHY I CARE ABOUT AMERICA "crimes of passion." Also, 81 percent of animals include tissue cultures, human and (By Carol Ann Goldmann) the murdered persons are close relatives, other mammal cells grown in test tubes, friends or acquaintances of the mur­ a.nd organ banks. Preserved human corneas, There are so many reasons why I care for instance, might be used to spa.re rabbits a.bout America, I cannot explain them all in derers. If the handgun were not so read­ the agony of the Draize test. Computers could the time allotted. Among the many, three ily available in moments of frustration also play a role if researchers used them fully stand out: the advantages of being an Ameri­ and anger, then these statistics would be to analyze experimental data., predict the can, personal feelings, and my future vastly altered. Is it not time that we did properties of new drugs, and test theoretical concerns. something to protect these innocent data.. Computers can even be programmed to The adva.nta.ges are materialistic as well as people? stimulate living orocesses. Mechanical models idealistic. Because America functions within Between the years of 1963 and 1972 and audio-visual aids can a.nd do substitute a. Capitalistic system, there ls constant indi­ more Americans were murdered with for animals as teaching instruments. Simu­ vidual competition. This competition pro­ lated human models could provide valid in­ vides the incentive leading to many scien­ handguns in the United States than formation in car-era.sh te.sts. tific advancements, as well as the gadgetry were killed during the same period of La.st winter, Re!)resenta.tlve Robert F. of modern America. Equally important are the Vietnam war. There were many Drina.n, Democrat of Massachusetts. intro­ the advantages or rights that I hold as an demonstrations against the Vietnam duced a. bill authorizinu, the Deoa.rtment of American citizen. No other country on the war, and many, many people took a very Health, Education and Welfare to fund pro1- planet Earth has citizens who enjoy as many public and firm stand on our country's ects aimed at discovering research methods freedoms as I do. involvement in it. And yet, while we that would reduce both the numbers of The Constitution provides me with certain animals used in laboratories ~nd the suffer­ inalienable rights not found anywhere else. were being so vocal against the war, we ing to which they are subjected. Among these are the freedoms of expression were turning our back on the problem Meanwhile, medical and m111ta.ry research and of self-improvement. Expression ls en­ here at home that the easily obtainable a.nd an unending stream of new pharma.ceu­ couraged at the primary school level and is handgun had caused. Surely some of the tlcal, cosmetic and household products a.re exemplified throughout life. America. ls the many Americans who support gun con­ resulting in an ever-increasing use of ani­ land where one can improve himself, no trol should be willing to stand up and be mals in the laboratory. matter the ethnic or status background. counted. The most recent and thorough exploration These rights unlike those in the Soviet Union, Both the Harris and the Gallup polls of a.lterna.tives is Dr. D. H. Smyth's book are protected. Because I want to keep these "Alternatives to Animal Experiments," which advantages, I care about what happens to have reported astounding numbers of examines every option and weighs its pros my country. Americans in support of handgun con­ and cons. He concludes that there ls cer­ Secondly, I am an American. America ls trol; 77 percent of the general public and tainly res.son to hope tha.t the numbers of my home and my country. It ls a land to call 63 percent of all gun owners supported March 5, 1979 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3941 stricter handgun control measures. If our efforts could carry out that legacy by I have followed presidents many years and only members of this large majority were opening America's eyes to the horrors of I have come to the conclusion that they can't handgun violence. In fact, our participation really be protected. The hand outstretched willing to become as vocal as their anti­ is needed even more urgently on this issue; to greet them from the crowd across the gun control counterparts are, stricter from 1966-1972, almost three times as many fence may hold a gun. It is part of our cul­ handgun control legislation could be­ Americans were killed here at home by hand­ ture that we expect presidents to take the come a reality. guns than in combat in Vietnam, and the chance and allow devilish handguns to be I am including at the end of my re­ violence continues to escalate. Can we con­ sold. We are alone among nations in this marks an editorial written by a college tinue to watch-in silence? tolerance for guns. I don't mean to be student, Lauren Mayer, which appeared Imagine a movement so powerful that it ghoulish, but in the seconds of that disturb­ could turn around government policy, so ance on the South Lawn last Monday (a in the Yale Daily News on October 30, important that it could play a major role in minor incident-$100 fine for disturbing the 1978. Ms. Mayer was an intern at the ending the reign of terror and violence peace) , I could see the fallen figure, feel the National Council To Control Handguns which has gripped America for far too long. commotion, listen to the shrieks on radio (now called Handgun Control, Inc.) in We, the youth of this country, can initiate and TV, hear the great newspaper presses Washington last year. She addresses the that movement if we go beyond imagining rumbling out their black, black headlines. handgun problem succinctly and pro­ and act now to end our domestic slaughter. Weapons don't cost much. Here's the record poses that young people should support of prices paid from Robert Sherrill's grim handgun control more actively. OCCUPATIONAL HAZARD study, "The Saturday Night Special": I am also inserting an article by T .R.B. The nipping wind rustles the leathery Booth shot Lincoln with a .44 der- of the New Republic that appeared in the magnolia leaves on either side of the White ringer ------$15. 00 House as we gather on the South Lawn. The Guit eau killed McKinley wit h a .44 February 10, 1979, issue of that periodical ground is snow-streaked. The honor guard revolver ------10.00 which discusses the risk of assassination parades, the band plays and the crowd waits Czolgosz used a 5-shot .32 to murder and makes the case for restrictions on on the four sides of the small central area Garfield ------4.50 the ready availability of handguns. where the stand is set for President and Mrs. Oswald's mail-order carbine against [From the Yale Daily News, Oct. 30, 1978] Carter and Vice Premier Teng and his wife, Kennedy (* plus $1.50 for postage)_ 21. 45 * Cho Lin, and their tall interpreter. They KEEPING HANDGUNS IN HAND enter, hear the national anthem, inspect the $50.95 (By Lauren C. Mayer) honor guard, and now Jimmy Carter is Oswald got his murder gun from an adver­ Imagine a killer so cruel that it causes the speaking right in front of me. tisement in the American Rifleman, a maga­ senseless, tragic deaths of over 10,000 Ameri­ There is a disturbance in the working press zine published by the National Rifle Associa­ cans every year, so powerful that hundreds section 15 feet from where the president tion. The ad was placed by the Klein's of thousands more Wlll feel its physical and talks. Carter doesn't stop. If the disturber Sporting Goods Co., Chicago. Gun advertis­ economical effects for years to come. has a gun Carter is a dead man. It is a ing is a lucrative form of income for the It isn't a disease, and it isn't a war, that woman; instead of a gun she has Mao's little NRA, which has a million members, a $20- causes so many tragic deaths. The mysterious red book. She i5 muffled in a minute and million budget, and a building in Washing­ killer is the handgun, which proliferates un­ dragged off when her companion, a man, also t on . It is probably the most powerful single­ controlled. Every day, twenty-four Ameri­ in the press section, begins to shout. Out he shot lobby in the city. There is nothing cans fall victim to handgun murder--one goes. They are not efficient disrupters. If they wrong with the sportsmen's guns, of course. every hour-and nearly twice that number really shrieked, the sound would have gone But the NRA is so paranoid about restric­ die as a result of handgun accidents and around the world, by satellite to China. Even tions that it protects handguns. Every poll suicides. as we stand we can hear the occasional growl for 50 years has shown the public wants Right now there are an estimated fifty of protest coming from the small protest handgun control, but Congress won't let us million pocketsized murder machines in crowd in the Ellip.se--over toward the Wash­ have it: it is cowed by the NRA, which can civilian hands, and at current rates of pro­ ington Monument. The loudspeakers out whip up half a million let ters overnight. The duction, that figure will double by the year there pick up the intermittent noises; no­ gun lobby is believed to have defeated Sena­ 2000. Handguns are used three times more body pays attention-there is a ritual protest tor Joseph D. Tydings, Democrat of Mary­ often than any other murder weapon. Since for almost any foreign visitor. land and a champion of control, when he they are easily concealed, they are ideal for But this is different. Security has been ran for reelection in 1970. Carter backed con­ violent crime. However, only 30 percent of bre::i.ched. Reporters for years have insisted tr-ol in 1976 (his paternal grandfather was all handgun murders are committed in con­ on the right of minority pressmen to attend killed by a handgun in 1904) but he has junction with a felony. The majority of these ceremonies. If Sonia Ransom had wanted to enough ot her problems right at the mo­ murders are 'crimes of passion', frequently she could have killed the president with the ment-again Teddy Kennedy will move in. committed by the so-called law-abiding greatest of ease; she was properly accredited After Jack Kennedy's assassination, Con­ citizen. The family handgun is an effective, by the Seattle police; her companion, Keith gress passed a weak gun law including a ban handy means of settling a dispute for good­ Kozimoto, by New York police. The Secret on cheap imported "Saturday Night Specials." before the murderer's anger has a chance to Service accepted the accreditations. Afterward, gun distributors just imported subside. Being president is one of the world's dan­ the parts and assembled them here. Last year Confronted with these facts, one must ask gerous jobs. Occupational hazard-assassina­ the House overwhelmingly defeated a mild why nothing has been done. For an answer, tion. We don't like to think about it. In the bill to put serial numbers on new firearms imagine a force so persistent that it can by­ Senate Teddy Kennedy will have another try to help police trace them. "When are poli­ pass the democratic process, so ruthless at gun control legislation in February but ticians going to have the courage to stand that it thwarts the wishes of the 80 percent chances are .slim. Crime is as American as up against the gun lobby?" demanded The of the American public (and even the ma­ apple pie. A 1976 report to the Conference of Washington Star. The Baltimore Sun called jority of gunowners) which favors strict Mayors estimated 40 million hand guns in the it "Power and Paranoia." The NRA didn't handgun control, and so powerful that it country, a figure increasing by 2.5 million a mind. It called critics "anti-Constitution lets a small minority dictate the policies of year : 100 million by the year 2000. A poll fanatics" referring to the "right to bear the U.S. Congress. Some would charge that shows two-thirds of the gun owners fear arms" second amendment. this force is the influential gun lobby which crime, keep guns for self-defense; we citi­ America's murder rate is the wonder of the has persuaded Congress against handgun zens arm as superpowers do, fearing arms of world. There are more killings overnight in control legislation. But in fact, we the in­ our neighbors. New York than in Tokyo all year. Handgun active, passive 80 percent give the gun lobby Here's the record on presidential assassina- Control, Inc., a citizens lobby, keeps track its power through our apathy. Their voice is tions and attempts: month by month: handguns took 465 lives the only one our legislators hear, because Andrew Jackson, 1835, attempt. in December. we aren't saying or doing anything. Abraham Lincoln, 1865, killed. Five national committees studied crime If we made legislators aware of our deter­ James Garfield. 1881, killed. between 1967 and 1973, headed by Nicholas mination to vote for candidates on the basis William McKinley, 1901, killed. Katzenbach, Otto Kerner, Milton Eisen­ of their position on handgun control (as our Theodore Roosevelt, 1912, ex-president, hower, Edmund Brown and Russell Peterson. opponents do). if we were willing to con­ wounded. All advocated gun control. Never in history tribute our time and money towards realiz­ Franklin Roosevelt, 1933, attempt (Mayor did so many blue-ribbon commissions in­ ing our goals (as our opponents do), the Cermak killed) . vestigate one subject to intensively in so seemingly omnipotent gun lobby would short a time-and do so little about it. "It's wield no more power than a popgun. Truman, 1950, attempt. as easy to buy guns as flashlights," s,1id Perhaps this country is waiting once again Kennedy, 1963, killed (Robert Kennedy Edward Kennedy, wl}ose two brothers mre for the leadership of its youth, as it did dur­ later killed). murdered. ing the Vietnam War and in the movement Ford, 1975, two attempts. So my heart jumped as Carter talked and to preserve the environment. In summary, of the 32 men who have held the two beside me were dragged away. Will A decade ago, the efforts of our older the presidency since 1835, attempts were we get gun control? Of course, yes, in time. brothers and sisters opened America's eyes made against nine, and four succeeded. One But not till another president or two are to the horror of the Vietnam War. Today, in eight. sacrificed, I think.e 3942 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 5, 1979 GSA ACTIVITIES location of federal facilities. This is an area cil for resolution. The IACC would provide which I anticipate will receive a considerable additional support for pr10rities established amount of attention by our Subcommittee in by Executive Order 12072. Federal programs HON. ROBERT W. EDGAR the 96th Congress, since a coherent policy on could also be coordinated to assist in such OF PENNSYLVANIA the siting of federal facilities can do much decisions. HUD, for example, could propose to reverse the flow of job opportunities and that Urban Action Development Grants be lN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES investments out of our central cities. In used to ensure that central city space be Monday, March 5, 1979 light of national concern over federal spend­ provided at competitive prices. This process ing, we must look for ways of easing eco­ makes sense and should be included in GSA • Mr. EDGAR. Mr. Speaker, on Febru­ nomic distress without incurring new fed­ regulations. ary 27, General Services Administrator eral spending obligations and without fuel­ GSA should establish a periodic review of Jay Solomon and members of his staff ing the fires of inflation. The development the policies, procedures, and practices of appeared before the Public Works and of a strong and coherent policy on federal other federal agencies which have authority Transportation Buildings and Grounds facility siting is one obvious way to promote to meet their own space needs to ensure their Subcommittee to brief subcommittee economic growth in our central cities with compliance with national location policies. members on GSA activities and to re­ out increased spending while simultaneously Since roughly two-thirds of location de­ counteracting the negative effects of the cisions are made by agencies other than GSA, spond to various matters of concern. An anti-inflation program in already distressed it is essential that steps are taken to ensure important issue that I raised-Federal areas. that these agencies are in compliance with policy on the siting of Federal facilities­ The Northeast-Midwest Institute, the re­ federal policy. should be of concern to all Members of search arm of the Northeast-Midwest Con­ The authority cited for different sections Congress and particularly Members rep­ gressional Coalition, has done extens\ve re­ of GSA needs to be completed. There is con­ resenting States in the Northeast-Mid­ search on the subject of federal facility sit­ siderable deficiency in the citation of author­ west regions, which historically has suf­ ing and will shortly release an in-depth re­ ity in the proposed regulations. port on the issues. I have made available tills GSA has clarified the potential conflict be­ fered most severely from the absence of morning to members of the Subcommittee a tween legislated first priority given to rural an effective strategy for locating Federal summary of the report which highlights its areas and the Presidential priority given to facilities. findings and recommendations. center city business districts in a letter ad­ The General Services Administration To give members of the Subcommittee dressed to Secretary of Agriculture Bergland. in the coming weeks is expected to pro­ some idea of the impact of federal facility Meetings are scheduled to finalize this clari­ pose regulations to implement Execu­ siting on our nation's cities, I mention the fication. Such a clarification should be incor­ tive Order 12072, one of the President's following statistics: porated into GSA regulations. urban policy initiatives to aid distressed Federal civilian employment dropped by The General Services Administration now over 42,000 in central cities in the period be­ has an unusual opportunity to make amends urban areas. Members will recall that tween 1966 and 1976, while it increased by for the often confusing, arbitrary, and willy­ that this Executive order makes it Fed­ over 24,000 in SMSA's-strong evidence of nilly manner in which facility siting deci­ eral policy to give priority to central the flight from central cities to surrounding sions were made in the past and to embark business districts in the locations of Fed­ suburbs; on a new policy that will set priorities and eral facilities. If effectively implemented Economically distressed central cities lost symbolize the federal government's commit­ through strong, coherent regulations, over 93,000 federal civilian employees while ment to local economic stability. I make Executive Order 12072 can have signifi­ noneconomically distressed cities gained these points this morning because it is im­ over 51,000 employees; portant that some of the initiatives and poli­ cant impact on stemming the flight of The greatest loss in central city federal cies articulated by Mr. Solomon be set in the Federal facilities and Federal employ­ civilian employment occurred in the largest new regulations and not lost during the ment from our central cities. In my re­ economically distressed cities included in transition to a new Administrator of the marks I discuss some of the weaknesses the study. General Services Administration.e that have already appeared in the regu­ President Carter in August of last yea,r lations being drafted by GSA, and I took a major step to reverse these and other recommend various changes that should trends when he issued Executive Order WEST VIRGINIA'S VOICE OF DEMOC­ be made to more effectively carry out 12072 as part of his urban policy. This Ex­ RACY WINNER the Executive order. It is my hope that ecutive Order makes it federal policy to give GSA will respond by incorporating the priority to central business districts in the HON. ROBERT H. MOLLOHAN changes I have suggested into its regu­ location of federal facilities in order to lations before they are formally pro­ strengthen the redevelopment of central OF WEST VIRGINIA cities. The success or failure of this new IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES posed. policy will largely rest with the General The Northeast-Midwest Congressional Services Administration, the historical "land­ Monday, March 5, 1979 Coalition, which I chair, on March 11 lord" of the nation, which has been called e Mr. MOLLOHAN. Mr. Speaker, I am will release a comprehensive paper on upon to develop the regulatory framework to proud to note that this year's West Vir­ the issue of Federal facility siting which implement this Executive Order. ginia winner of the VFW's outstanding examines in detail the potentials and I have reviewed the draft regulations under "Voice of Democracy" competition is De­ problems of the facility siting program development by GSA and would like ta ex­ press some serious concerns that I have. The nise Ann Parker of Wolf Summit in my and recommends ways to improve cur­ draft regulations for facility siting, while congressional district. Ms. Parker is a rent performance. This document, the moving in the right direction, are deficient senior at Liberty High School in Clarks­ first of its kind, will be an invaluable in some crucial aspects. Without substantial burg. tool to Members of Congress and other rewriting, they will not be sufficient to re­ She will be in Washington this week interested in insuring that the Nation verse past patterns which hurt most dis­ along with other State winners for final develops, implements, and follows a tressed central cities, many of them in the judging that will result in five National strong, coherent, responsible policy on Northeast and Midwest. The following winners being selected. siting Federal facilities. changes should be made: More than 250,000 students partici­ With that in mind, I would like to in­ GSA Washington Headquarters presently pated in this year's "Voice of Democ­ sert in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD my requires a review of all location requests that are outside of the centr.:1.l business districts racy" competition, · which was built comments and remarks to Mr. Solomon: of cities. This requirement should be written around the theme "Why I Care About Mr. Solomon, it is a pleasure to have you into GSA regulations. America." Ms. Parker's timely subject with us this morning. I welcome this oppor­ GSA Headquarters should also review de­ was apathy and its detrimental influence tunity to bring up an issue which has for on our society. I commend her comments too long been a matter of little concern to cisions to relocate out of or reduce personnel the federal government and to the Con­ in distressed central cities. Without requir­ to my colleagues and to everyone who is gress, namely decisions on the siting of fed­ ing such a review, the movement out of dis­ concerned about the future of our par­ eral facilities. As Chairman of the North­ tressed central cities could continue un­ ticipatory form of government. e!l6t-Midwest Congressional Coalition, a bi­ abated, as long as facilities and personnel I don't care! I just don't care! Apathy is a partisan organization of 213 Representatives were relocated in the central business dis­ disease that has long plagued our nation. I from 18 Northeast and Midwestern States trict of some other city. have never understood the reason for this with a common interest in the regional im­ An unofficial memo from the White House disease, yet it continues to spread like can­ plications of national policy, I have become established a process whereby GSA Headquar­ cer, and no vaccination will help. I care and aware of the acute need for a strengthened ters could refer controversial location deci­ as an American it is your obligation to care. federal policy in decision-making on the sions to the Interagency Coordinating Coun- It is not as though we live in a destructive, March 5, 1979 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3948 dictatorial society. We enjoy many, many I take this opportunity to explain my tee may find it useful to draw a distinc­ rights and freedoms in America and these vote and to comment on related matters. tion between serious crimes which relates should not be taken for granted. I don't take First, I believe that the gentleman directly to the Member's use of his or these for gtanted because I realize the sig­ from Michigan rices "reduce wealth" and leave peo­ the largest chunk of the gross national prod­ policy increases the after-tax profitabil­ ple less to spend, "so you still work through uct, and "consumers are spending like ity of investment. It is the administra­ the stock market" to get at the consumer. there's no tomorrow," as one Washington tions' effort to raise taxes and otherwise Which is central to the economy-cooling economist puts it. This not only keeps the effort. Consumer outlays account for by, far increase economic disincentives which the largest chunk of the gross national prod­ economic atmosphere boomily conducive to is discouraging investment. rapid wage and price increases, but suggests uct, and "consumers are spending like a. dangerous grassroots skepticism a.bout Inflation is, by definition, a rise in there's no tomorrow," as one Washington whether the government will ever succeed in prices caused by too much money and too economist puts it. This not only keeps the keeping things from getting constantly more few goods. Restraining the excessive economic atmosphere boomily conducive to expensive. rapid wage and price increases, but suggests growth of the money supply is a positive a dangerous grassroots skepticism about This theory of administra'tion policy­ step compared with the first 2 years of whether the government will ever succeed makers is, of course, sheer economic non­ this administration's monetary policy. in keeping things from getting constantly sense. The stock market does not respond But it will not make much difference to more expensive. March 5, 1979 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3945 Often, the government has countered a from January 17, 1979, into the CoNGRES­ efforts to improve the operation of existing consumer boom head-on, directly draining sroNAL RECORD: programs. away purchasing power by an increase in in­ A FEW PREDICTIONS ABOUT THE 96TH CONGRESS FOREIGN TRADE come taxes. But that avenue is politically off Here are a few observations and predictions This could be an active legislative area limits. It was only on Jan. 1 that income tax for the first session of the 96th Congress, with pressures continuing to build for pro­ cuts took effect, the public mood is vehe­ meeting this year. tection of domestic industries and to in­ mently antitax, and what they're talking TAXES crease exports to cut the trade deficit. The about on Capitol Hill isn't any quickie sur­ mul!tilateral trade agreement now being charge, it's the timing of the next round Th-ere is no discussion at the moment of negotiated, which Congress must vote tip or of tax relief. another tax cut, but if the economy dips down 60 days after it has been introduced, In light of laments from the New York into a recession, as many economists predict, will be approved, as will the bill to extend Stock Exchange about the dwindling ranks all bets are off and a tax cut becomes a prob­ the government's right to waive penalties on of small invest ors, depressing share prices ability. A plan for automatic lowering of subsidized exports. tax rates to cushion inflation will be pushed, mightn't seem a viable device anymore for TRANSPORTATION making the average American temper his but it will not pass. President Carter's real spending. But administration aides express wage insur.:i.nce, a key aspect of his anti­ Bills to deregulate the trucking and rail­ confidence that this tack can still succeed, i:iflation program, faces a rough road. road industries will not go through easily, and a veteran consumer pollster concurs-in SPENDING despite the success of airline deregulation spades. The Congress will cooperate with the Presi­ and strong backing from the Carter Admin­ "If you want to scare the devil out of the d·ent on most proposals to hold down the istration. consumer and get a recession, lower the defi::it. It will not exceed his less than $30 Among the proposals that failed in the stock market-which is what they're doing," billion deficit and may even reduce it a little. 95th Congress and are too close to predict asserts Albert Sindlinger. To be sure, the We can expect modest across the board cuts in the 96th Congress are a lobby reform bill, Media, Pa., pollster doubts much direct im­ on the appropriations bills. As things stand the Alaska Lands bill and public financing pact, figuring most individuals today use only now, President Carter will send a budget of congressional elections. funds they know they can afford "to gam­ to Congress on January 22 for the fiscal year The expectation for this year is that the ble with" for stock market purchases. 1980 like this: expenditures, $533 billion: President and Congress will be more in con­ But the decline in individuals' direct share.: revenues, $504 billion; deficit, $29 billion. cert. Dealings between the two branches holding, Mr. Sindlinger stresses, has been These figures are not final, but any changes should improve over the erratic relations far more than offset by two other factors­ are likely to be small. In the event of a re­ of the past two years.e the spread of indirect ownership through cession government spending might be in­ mutual funds, and the vastly increased at­ crearnd to pump up the economy. tention directed to the stock market by the DEFENSE press, television and radio. Back in 1957, "a NEED FOR A STRONG MILITARY maximum of 17 % " of consumers he polled The Congress will support the President's by phone even knew that the Dow Jones plans to boost military spending. RESERVE PROGRAM average is a stock market index. Now, he re­ SALT ports, "at least 65 % are telling me what the At the moment the President faces an up­ market did yesterday." hill (some would say impossible) fight in the HON. IKE SKELTON Whatever the psychological effect on the Senate on ra.tification of the SALT II treaty. OF MISSOURI consumer proves to be, Washington is also My own view is that today the President is IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES counting on the combination of depressed far short of the 67 votes he needs, but with Monday, March 5, 1979 share prices and high interest costs to dis­ a strong effort he may be able to obtain courage business from raising very much ratification of the treaty. e Mr. SKELTON. Mr. Speaker, the capital through either new stock or bond GOVERNMENT REORGANIZATION Armed Forces Reserves and National issues. The cost of capital has escalated Guard are vital to our Nation's national enough already that it probably is a major Reorganization of the executive branch reason business men are being so cautious could be a major topic in the 96th Congress. security. The Selected Reserve compo­ about investing in inventory, officials figure. A new Deuartment of Education is likely. nents provide the sole available source Proposals to create two new departments for of trained units to augment the Active The same "cold, hard calculations of profit­ natural resources and economic development ability" ought to be giving businessmen will be considered carefully. Forces upon mobilization. The other part pause about their plant and equipment in­ of the Ready Reserve, the Individual vestment plans, too, one strategist contends. ENERGY Ready Reserve, is necessary to bring un­ Indeed, the administration's main hope for A big fight is brewing on the decontrol of dermanned units of the Active Force and high interest rates to bring some relief from oil prices. The dilemma is that ending the Selected Reserve to full war strength, inflation may well lie in sacrificing-tempo­ controls will raise prices and aggravate in­ and to provide trained replacements in rarily, .to be sure-demand for capital goods flation, but it might also curb oil imports and construction, including some decline in and force conservation. The most likely re­ the event of casualties. In addition, Re­ housing. · sult is presidential manipulation of oil price serve and National Guard units ~erve as That comes across as a heavy-hearted hope. controls with gradually increasing prices. As an important link between the military As the President's Council of Economic Ad­ part of this approach, President Carter could and local communities, helping to gen­ visers made clear in its recent annual report, ask Congress for new taxing authority ( e.g. erate important citizen support for our there's nothing the nation needs more for its windfall profits or excess profits tax) to Armed Forces. future strength-in productivity, employ­ cushion consumers against the nigher prices. MINIMUM WAGE Since coming to Congress, I have made ment, price stability, the dollar, the whole it a practice to visit Reserve and Na­ works-than more capital formation and "a The proposal to delay the scheduled in­ strong rise in business investment." creases in the minimum wage will fail. tional Guard units in my district and talk with the Members. I do not have to Nothing, that is, except to persuade peo­ HEALTH INSURANCE ple, and fast, that ''inflation will decline exaggerate to say that these guardsmen Congress will continue to work on propo­ and reservists are concerned about the steadily over the next five years." If that hap­ sals for phased-in coverage, but a compre­ pens, the council almost promises the in - hensive plan will not pass this year. I present and future health of their units. vestment prerequisites of falling interest anticipate the President will link in some They are having great difficulty in re­ rates and "strongly rising stock prices." way catastrophic health insurance with hos­ cruiting new members and in retaining Meanwhile, no matter how these ends were those who are already members. sought, a Carter man defends, "you would pital cost containment legislation, and indi­ always have some sacrifice. "'-RICHARD F. cate that this is the first stage of a national I am sure that many are familiar with JANSSEN .• health insurance plan. studies and statistics that indicate that WELFARE REFORM this trend is nationwide. From fiscal Comprehensive welfare reform will not pass year 1973 to fiscal year 1977 our Selected A FEW PREDICTIONS ABOUT THE either. A scaled down version may be given Reserve strength decreased 12 percent. 96th CONGRESS serious consideration. BY the end of fiscal year 1978, the actual FOREIGN POLICY strength of the Selected Reserve was Further fights over Panama Canal imple­ 189,000 below the fiscal year 1973 au­ HON. LEE H. HAMILTON thorized level. In addition, the Individual OP INDIANA mentation legislation can be expected. Aid to the Middle East will be approved. Ready Reserve's ability to provide pre- · IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES OVERSIGHT trained personnel to meet mobilization Monday, March 5, 1979 With virtually no new programs in Presi­ manpower requirements is dangerously e Mr. HAMILTON. Mr. Speaker, I would dent Carter's budget, the Congress will turn inadequate. like to insert my Washington report to its oversight function and intensify its This shortfall in personnel is so seri- 3946 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 5, 1979 ous that it threatens our ability to effec­ calls for establishment of a system for Appropriations tively mobilize in the defense of our Na­ a computerized schedule of all meetings Interior Subcommittee tion. I have seen estimates that there and hearings of Senate committees, sub­ To resume hearings on proposed budget would be a shortage of 500,000 trained committees, joint committees, and com­ estimates for fiscal year 1970 for the Department of the Interior, to hear personnel in the first 6 months in the mittees of conference. This title requires outside witnesses. event of a mobilization, 350,000 in the all such committees to notify the Office 1224 Dirksen Building critical Army combat arms specialties. of the Senate Daily Digest-designated Armed Services To fill these shortages, we would be by the Rules Committee-of the time, Ma~ower and Personnel forced to reinstate the draft or activate place, and purpose of all meetings when To hold hearings on proposed military the Standby Reserve. But both of these scheduled, and any cancellations or procurement aut horizations for fiscal alternatives would be slow, perhaps too changes in the meetings as they occur. year 1980, receiving testimony on the slow. Even with the most efficient stand­ land, air, and naval force structure As an interim procedure until the com­ plans. by draft system imaginable, it would puterization of this information becomes 224 Russell Building take 4 months to deliver trained draftees operational the Office of the Senate Budget to the Armed Forces. This is time we Daily Digest will prepare this informa­ To resume hearings in preparation for may not have. tion for printing in the Extensions of reporting the first concurrent resolu­ Therefore, we must have a strong, ef­ Remarks section of the CONGRESSIONAL t ion on the fiscal year 1980 congres­ fective Ready Reserve Force at full au­ RECORD on Monday and Wednesday of sional budget. thorized strength. Many are familiar each week. 6202 Dirksen Building with the various proposed alternatives to Any changes in committee scheduling Energy and Natural Resources achieve this goal, so I will not go into will be indicated by placement of an as­ To continue review of those items in them at this time. However, I will stress the President's budget for. fiscal year terisk to the left of the name of the unit 1980 which fall wit hin it s legislative the need for a definite commitment on conducting such meetings. ju risdict ion and consider recom­ the part of Congress and the adminis­ Meetings scheduled for Tuesday, m endat ions wh ich it will make there­ tration for a strong Reserve and Na­ March 6, 1979, may be found in the Daily on t o t h e Budget Committee. tional Guard. I was talking recently with Digest of today's RECORD. 3110 Dirksen Building some Naval Reservists from my area, and Environment and Public Works they told me that one of their biggest MEETINGS SCHEDULED To consider those items in the President's difficulties in recruiting new reservists MARCH 7 budget for fiscal year 1980 which fall was the uncertainty over force levels. 8:30 a .m . wit hin it s legislative jurisdiction and According to these dedicated, career re­ Judiciary consider recommendations which it To resume hearings on S. 241, to aut hor­ will make t hereon to t he Budget Com­ servists, people are not inclined to affil­ ize funds through fiscal year 1983 for mittee. iate with a Reserve organization with an t he Federal Law Enforcement Assist­ 4200 Dirksen Building uncertain future. Those who are already ance Administration. Finance in the Naval Reserve do not like the in­ 2228 Dirksen Building To cont inue consideration of those is­ stability imposed by constant changes in 9 :30 a .m. sues r elating t o the implementation force levels and mission. So, they are Armed Services of t he Multilateral Trade Negotia­ likely to leave at their first opportunity. To receive testimony, in closed session, t ions. We in Congress must remove this uncer­ on tactical aircraft, air defense, and 2221 Dirksen Building tactical missile threat assessment and Government al Affairs tainty and instability by establishing Re­ net assessment of U.S. and allied serve Force levels that meet our national Intergovernmental Relations Subcommit­ forces. t ee security needs, and giving our Armed 212 Russell Building To hold oversight hearings on the imple­ Forces the ability to meet those levels. Appropriations menta t ion of t he Natural Gas Policy There is one area which I want to Agriculture and Relat ed Agencies Subcom­ Act (P.L. 95-621) . speak to specifically. I recently circulated mittee 357 Russell Building To resume hearings on proposed budget 10 :30 a .m . copies of a letter from retired Maj. Gen. estimat es for fiscal year 1980 for the William H. Blakefield, president of Kem­ Appropriat ions Department of Agriculture. Labor-HEW Subcommittee per Military School and College in Boon­ 1114 Dirksen Building To hold hearings on proposed budget ville. Mo., to the members of this com­ Co·mmerce, Science, and Transportation estimates for FY 1980 for the De­ mittee. The letter contained a proposal Science, Technology, and Space Subcom­ partment of HEW. to help alleviate the shortage of junior mittee S-128, Capitol officers in our Reserves and National To hold oversight hearings on the im­ 2 :00 p.m . Guard by granting 2-year ROTC schol­ plementation of P.L. 94-282, estab­ Appropriations arship to military junior colleges, with lishing the Office of Science and Tech­ St a te, Justice, Commerce, the Judiciary nology Policy. Subcommittee the obligation to serve in the Reserves or 235 Russell Building National Guard for a specified period of To cont inue hearings on proposed budget Governmental Affairs estimat es for FY 1980 for the Depart­ time. Members of the committee who Energy, Nuclear Proliferation and Federal ment of Justice. have contacted me have reacted favor­ Services Subcommittee S-146, Capitol ably to this idea, and I have requested To continue hearings on the Federal re­ Select on Intelligence that appropriate legislation be re­ sponsibilities for radiation protection. To hold closed hearings on proposed searched and prepared. When a draft is 3302 Dirksen Building fiscal year 1980 authorization requests ready, I plan to introduce such a meas­ Human Resources for intelligence operations of the Fed­ ure. I might add that I have personal Health and Scientific Research Subcom­ eral Government. interest in this proposal since two of the mittee S-407, Capitol To resume oversight hearings on Fed­ 2:30 p .m. Nation's six military junior colleges are Foreign Relations located in Missouri's Fourth Congres­ eral programs to combat cancer. 5110 Dirksen Building To hold hearings on the situation in sional District, which I represent. Rhodesia. 10:00 a.m. 4221 Dirksen Building This proposal won't solve all of our Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry shortage problems. But I believe it can To hold hearings followed by con­ MARCH 8 make a contribution. I offer my support sideration of the nomination of Dale E. 9 :15 a.m. to the efforts to solve all the problems Hathaway, of the District of Columbia, Judiciary associated with our Reserve Forces, and to b'e Under Secretary of Agriculture To hold hearings on the proposed Merger strengthen this vital component of our for International Affairs and Com­ Act, to supplement and improve the modity Programs. enforcement of provisions of the anti­ national defense.• 322 Russell Building trust laws. Appropriations 2228 Dirksen Building Defense Subcommittee 9:30 a.m. SENATE COMMITTEE MEETINGS To continue hearings on proposed budget Armed Services estimates for fiscal year 1980 for the To receive testimony, in closed session, Title IV of Senate Resolution 4, agreed defense establishment. on Army aviation combat aircraft. to by the Senate on February 4, 1977, 1223 Dirksen Building 212 Russell Building March 5, 1979 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3947

Appropriations 2:00 p.m. Joint Economic Agriculture and Related Agencies Subcom­ Appropriations To hold hearings on the employment­ mittee To hold hearings on proposed legislation unemployment and price data situa­ to rescind certain budget authority in tion for February. To continue hearings on proposed budget the message of the President of Janu­ 1202 Dirksen Building estimates for fiscal year 1980 for the ary 31, and to consider those matters Department of Agriculture. 11:00 a.m. and programs which fall within the Appropriations S-126, Capitol Committee's jurisdiction with a view Appropriations to submitting its views and budgetary HUD-Independent Agencies Subcommittee Defense Subcommittee To resume hearings on proposed budget recommendations to the Committee on estimates for fiscal year 1980 for the To continue hearings on proposed budget the Budget by March 15. S-128, Capitol Council on Environmental Quality, estimates for fiscal year 1980 for the and the National Commission on Air defense establishment. Appropriations Quality. 1223 Dirksen Building Legislative Branch Subcommittee To resume hearings on proposed budget 1318 Dirksen Building Appropriations estimates for fiscal year 1980 for the · 2 :00 p.m. HUD-Independent Agencies Subcommittee Legislative Branch of the Government. Select on Intelligence To continue hearings on proposed 1114 Dirksen Building Budget Authorization Subcommittee budget estimates for fiscal year 1980 Appropriations To resume closed hearings on proposed for the Selective Service System Na­ State. Justice. Commerce, the Judiciary fiscal year 1980 authorization requests tional Consumer Cooperative Bank, Subcommittee for intelligence operations of the Fed­ and the National Credit Union Admin­ To continue hearings on proposed budget eral Government. istration. estimates for FY 1980 for the Depart­ S-407, Capitol 5302 Dirksen Building ment of Justice. MARCH 12 Appropriations S-146, Capitol 2:30 p.m. 9:00 a .m . Interior Subcommittee Judiciary Judiciary To resume hearings on proposed budget Business meeting to consider those items Constitution Subcommittee estimates for fiscal year 1980 for the in the President's budget for fiscal year To hold hearings on S.J. Res. 5, 6, 18, Department of the Interior, to hear 1980 which fall within its legislative and 38, proposed amendments to the outside witnesses. Jurisdiction and to consider recom­ Constitution, to require a balanced 1224 Dirksen Building mendations which it will make thereon Federal budget. Appropriations to the Budget Committee by March 15, 6226 Dirksen Building Labor-HEW Subcommittee followed by consideration of pending 9 :30 a .m . To hold hearings on proposed budget nominations, S. 300, to permit those Human Resources estimates for FY 1980 for the Health injured by antitrust violations to re­ To hold joint hearings with the Com­ cover civil damages measured by the mittee on Veterans' Affairs on the Care Financing Administration, De­ extent of their injury, and S. 443, mak­ partment of HEW. nomination of Dr. Dennis R. Wyant, ing certain administrative changes of Maryland, to be Deputy Assistant S-128, Capitol which arose from the redrawing of the Appropriations Secretary of Labor for Veterans' Em­ Federal Judicial districts in the State ployment. State, Justice, Commerce, the Judiciary of Illinois. 4232 Dirksen Building Subcommittee 2228 Dirksen Building Veterans' Affairs To continue hearings on proposed budget MARCH 9 To hold joint hearings with the Com­ estimates for fiscal year 1980 for the 9 :00 a .m. mittee on Human Resources on the Department of Justice. Judiciary nomination of Dr. Dennis R. Wyant, S-146, Capitol Antitrust, Monopoly and Business Rights of Maryland, to be Deputy Assistant Appropriations Subcommittee Secretary of Labor for Veterans' Em­ Transportation Subcommittee To mark up S. 390, proposed Antitrust ployment. Procedural Improvements Act. 4232 Dirksen Building To resume hearings on proposed budget 5110 Dirksen Building estimates for fiscal year 1980 for the 9:30 a .m. 10:00 a .m . Department of Transportation. Judiciary Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs 1318 Dirksen Building To hold hearings on S. 300, proposed International Finance Subcommittee Energy and Natural Resources Antitrust Enforcement Act. To resume hearings on proposed legisla­ To continue review of those items in the 1114 Dirksen Building tion to extend through fiscal year President's budget for fiscal year 1980 Veterans' Affairs 1984 the Export Administration Act. which fall wit hin its legislative juris­ To consider recommendations which it 5302 Dirksen Building diction and consider recommendations will make to the Budget Committee in Commerce, Science, and Transportation which it will make t hereon to the accordance with the Congressional Surface Transportation Subcommittee Budget Committee. Budget Act, to be iollowed by markup To resume hearings on proposed fiscal 3110 Dirksen Building of S. 7, to revise and Jmprove certain year 1980 authorizations for the Na­ Environment and Public Works health care programs of the Veterans' tional Rail Passenger Corporation To consider those matt ers and programs Administration. (AMTRAK), and on proposed route re­ 412 Russell Building structuring of AMTRAK. which fall within the Committee's ju­ 235 Russell Building risdiction with a view to submitting 10 :00 a .m. its views and budgetary recommenda­ Appropriations Finance Military Construction Subcommittee Taxation and Debt Management Subcom­ tions to the Committee on the Budget. mittee 4200 Dirksen Building To hold hearings on proposed budget estimates for fiscal year 1960 for mili­ To hold hearings on the carryover basis Finance tary construction programs. provisions of the estate tax law. To continue the consideration of those 1223 Dirksen Building 2227 Dirksen Building issues relating to t he implementation Finance Finance of the Mult ilateral Trade Negotations. Revenue Sharing, Intergovernmental Rev­ Revenue Sharing, Intergovernmental Reve­ 2221 Dirksen Building enue Impact, and Economic Problems nue Impact, and Economic Problems Foreign Relations Subcommlttee Subcommittee To resume hearings on S 200, proposed Western Hemisphere Affairs Subcommittee To hold hearings on S. 200, proposed Intergovernmental Antirecession and Intergovernmental Antirecession and To receive testimony, in closed session, on Supplementary Fiscal Assistance Supplementary Fiscal Assistance the results of the President's recen'. Amendments Act. Amendments Act. trip to Mexico and to review the situa­ 2221 Dirksen Building 1224 Dirksen Building tion in Nicaragua. Governmental Affairs 10:30 a.m. S-116, Capitol Federal Spend:ng Practices and Open Appropriations Joint Economic Government Subcommittee Labor-HEW Subcommittee To receive testimony on the economic To resume oversight hearings on the To hold hearings on proposed budget outlook and the prospects for inflation programs of the Office of Federal Pro­ estimates for fiscal year 1980 for the and unemployment. curement Policy. Department of HEW. 6226 Dirksen Building 3302 Dirksen Building S-128, Capitol 3948 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 5, 1979 2:00 p.m. MARCH 14 MARCH 15 Appropriations 9:30 a.m. 9:30 a.m. State, Justice, Commerce, the Judiciary Commerce, Science, and Transportation Commerce, Science, and Transportation Subcommittee Science, Technology, and Space Subcom­ Science, Technology, and Space Subcom­ To hold hearings on proposed budget mittee mittee estimates for FY 1980, and on supple­ To resume hearings on S. 354, proposed To continue hearings on S. 354, pro­ mental appropriations for FY 1979, supplemental authorizations for FY posed supplemental authorizations for both for the Department of Commerce. 79 for NASA, and S. 357, proposed au­ FY 1979 for NASA, and S . 357, proposed S-146, Capitol thorizations for FY 80 for NASA. authorizations for FY 1980 for NASA. Select on Intelligence 235 Russell Building 235 Russell Building Budget Authorization Subcommittee Judiciary Human Resources To resume closed hearings on proposed To resume hearings on S. 300, proposed Education, Arts, and the Humanities Sub­ fiscal year 1980 authorization requests Antitrust Enforcement Act. committee for intelligence operations of the Fed­ 1114 Dirksen Building To resume hearings to explore the areas eral Government. of basic learning skllls used in ele­ S-407, Capitol 10:00 a.m. mentary and secondary schools. Appropriations 6226 Dirksen Building MARCH 13 Interior Subcommittee Human Resources 9:30 a.m. To resume hearings on proposed budget Health and Scientific Research Subcom­ Judiciary estimates for fiscal year 1980 for the mittee To resume hearings on S. 241, proposed U.S. Forest Service, Department of To continue hearings on roles of women Justice System Improvement Act. Agriculture. in health and science. 2228 Dirksen Building 1224 Dirksen Building 4232 Dirksen Building 10:00 a.m. 10:00 a.m. Appropriations Appropriations Appropriations Labor-HEW Subcommittee Foreign Operations Subcommittee Foreign Operations Subcommittee To estimate hearings on proposed budg­ To continue hearings on proposed budg­ To continue hearings on proposed budget et estimates for fiscal year 1980 for the et estimates for fiscal year 1980 for estimates for fiscal year 1980 for the Department of HEW. international programs, Department Agency for International Development. S-128, Capitol of State. 1114 Dirksen Building Appropriations 1114 Dirksen Building Appropriations Mllltary Construction Subcommittee Appropriations Interior Subcommittee To resume hearings on proposed budget HUD-Independent Agencies Subcommittee To resume hearings on proposed budget estimates for fiscal year 1980 for mlll­ To continue hearings on proposed budg­ estimates for fiscal year 1980 for the tary construction programs. et estimates for fiscal year 1980 for the National Endowment for the Arts. 1318 Dirksen Building National Aeronautics and Space Ad­ ministration. 1224 Dirksen Building Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs Appropriations 1318 Dirksen Building To consider those i terns in the Presi - Appropriations Labor-HEW Subcommittee dent's budget for fiscal year 1980 which Interior Subcommittee To hold hearings on proposed budget fall within its iegislative jurisdiction To resume hearings on proposed budget estimate3 for fiscal year 1980 for the and consider recommendations which estimates for FY 1980 for the Indian Department of HEW. it will make thereon to the Budget Heal th Service. S-128, Capitol Committee. 1224 Dirksen Building Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs 5302 Dirksen Building Appropriations International Fina.nee Subcommittee Budget Labor-HEW Subcommittee To continue hearings on proposed legis­ To resume hearings in preparation for To continue hearings on proposed budg­ lation to extend through fiscal year reporting the first concurrent resol u - et estimates for FY 1980 for the De­ 1984 the Export Administration Act. tion on the fiscal year 1980 congres­ partment of HEW. 5302 Dirksen Building sional budget. S-128, Capitol Commerce, Science, and Transportation 6202 Dirksen Building Appropriations To hold a business meeting on pending Transportation Subcommittee calendar business. Finance To resume hearings on proposed budg­ 235 Russell Building Health Subcommittee et estimates for fiscal year 1980 for the To resume hearings on proposed legisla­ Department of Transportation. Fina.nee tion to control increases in hospital S-146, Capitol Health Subcommittee revenues (Hospital Cost Contain­ Budget To told hearings on proposed legislation ment). To continue hearings in preparation for to control increases in hospital reve­ 2221 Dirksen Building reporting the first concurrent resolu­ nues (Hospital Cost Containment). Governmental Affairs tion on the FY 1980 congressional 2221 Dirksen Building Energy, Nuclear Proliferation and Federal budget. Governmental Affairs Services Subcommittee 6202 Dirksen Building Energy, Nuclear Proliferation and Federal To continue hearings on nuclear waste Governmental Affairs Services Subcommittee management. Energy, Nuclear Proliferation and Federal To hold hearings on nuclear waste 5110 Dirksen Building Services Subcommittee To corutinue hearings on nuclear waste management. 2:00 p.m. 6226 Dirksen Building management. Appropriations Room to be announced Governmental Affairs Labor-HEW Subcommittee 2:00 p.m. Federal Spending Pra-Otices and Open Gov­ To continue hearings on proposed Appropriations ernment Subcommittee budget estimates for fiscal year 1980 Labor-HEW Subcommittee To hold hearings on S. 5, proposed Fed­ for the Department of HEW. To continue hearings on proposed eral Acquisition Reform Act. S-128, Capitol budget estimates for FY 1980 for the 3302 Dirksen Building Appropriations Department of HEW. 2.00 p.m. State, Justice, Commerce, the Judiciary S-128, Capitol Appropriations Subcommittee Appropriations To continue hearings on proposed State, Justice, Commerce, the Judiciary State, Justice, Commerce, the Judiciary Subcommittee Subcommittee budget estimates for FY 1980, and on To continue hearings on proposed To continue hearings on proposed budg­ supplemental appropriations for FY budget estimates for FY 1980 for the et estimates for FY 1980 for the De- 1979, both for the Department of Com- Department of Commerce. partment of Commerce. merce. S-146, Capitol S-146, Capitol S-146, Capitol MARCH 16 2:30 p.m. Select on Intelligence 9:30 a .m. Appropriatlons Budget Authorization Subcommittee Human Resources Labor-HEW Subcommittee To resume clo~ed hearings on propo~ed Health and Scientific Research Subcom­ To continue hearings on proposed budg­ fiscal year 1980 authorization re­ mittee et estimates for fiscal year 1980 for quests for intelligence operations of To hold hearings on S. 230, proposed the Department of HEW. the Federal Government. Nurse Training Amendments Act. S-128, capitol S-407, Capitol Building 4232 Dirksen Building March 5, 1979 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3949

10:00 a.m. Appropriations 10 :00 a.m. Appropriations Labor-HEW Subcommittee Appropriations HUD-Independent Agencies Subcommittee To hold hearings on proposed budget HUD-Independent Agencies Subcommittee To resume hearings on proposed budget estimates for FY 1980 for the Social To continue hearings on proposed budget estimates for FY 1980 for the National Security Administration, Department estimates for fiscal year 1980 for the Aeronautics and Space Administration. of HEW. Environmental Protection Agency. 1318 Dirksen Building S-128, Capitol 1318 Dirksen Building Appropriations Energy and Natural Resources Appropriations Labor-HEW Subcommittee Energy Regulation Subcommittee Interior Subcommittee To hold hearings on proposed budget To continue hearings on the Depart­ To resume hearings on proposed budget estimates for FY 1980 for th~ Office of ment of Energy's plans for emergen­ estimates for FY 1980 for the U.S. Geo­ Human Development Services, Depart­ cy energy conservation and gasoline logical Survey. ment of HEW. rationing. 1224 Dirksen Building S-128, Capitol 3110 Dirksen Building A~propriations Budget Finance Transportation Subcommittee To continue hearings in preparation for Taxation and Debt Management Sub­ To resume hearings on proposed budget reporting the first concurrent resolu­ committee estimates for fiscal year 1980 for the tion on the FY 1980 congressional To continue hearings on the carryover Department of Transportation. budget. basis provisions of the estate tax law. S-126, Capitol 6202 Dirksen Building 2227 Dirksen Building Energy and Natural Resources Commerce, Science, and Transportation 2:00 p.m. Energy Research and Development Sub­ Surface Transportation Subcommittee Appropriations committee To hold hearings on the Northeast corri­ Labor-HEW Subcommittee To hold hearings on S. 14, proposed dor improvement project. To hold hearings on proposed budget Reclamation Reform Act. 235 Russell Building estimates for FY 1980 for the Depart­ 3110 Dirksen Building MARCH 19 ment of HEW. Finance 9:30 a.m. S-128, Capitol Health Subcommittee Judiciary Appropriations To mark up proposed legislation to con­ To resume hearings on S. 300, proposed State, Justice, Commerce, the Judiciary trol increases in hospital revenues Antitrust Enforcement Act. Subcommittee (Hospital Cost Containment) . 1114 Dirksen Building To hold hearings on proposed budget 2221 Dirksen Building 10:00 a .m. estimates for FY 1980 for the Federal 2 :00 p.m. Energy and Natural Resources Communications Commission and the Appropriations Energy Regulation Subcommittee Small Business Administration. State, Justice, Commerce, the Judiciary To resume hearings on the Department S-146, Capitol Subcommittee of Energy's plans for emergency energy To hold hearings on proposed budget MARCH 21 conservation and gasoline rationing. estimates for FY 1980 for the Commis­ 3110 Dirksen Building 9:30 a.m. sion on Civil Rights and the Federal Finance Commerce, Science, and Transportation Trade Commission. Taxation and Debt Management Subcom­ Science, Technology, and Space Subcom­ S-146, Capitol mittee mittee. Appropriations To resume hearings on the carryover To resume oversight hearing on the im­ Military Construction Subcommittee basis provisions of the estate tax law. plementation of P.L. 94-282, establish­ To continue hearings on proposed budget 2227 Dirksen Building ing the Office of Science and Technol­ 2:00 p.m. estimates for fiscal year 1980 for mil­ ogy Policy. itary construction programs. Appropriations 235 Russell Building 1223 Dirksen Building Labor-HEW Subcommittee 10:00 a.m. To hold hearings on proposed budget Energy and Natural Resources estimates for FY 1980 tor the Depart­ Appropriations Energy Research and Development Sub­ ment of HEW. Interior Subcommittee committee S-128, Capitol To re£ume hearings on proposed budget To continue hearings on S. 14, the Rec­ Appropriations estimates for FY 1980 for the Office lamation Reform Act. State, Justice, Commerce, the Judiciary of Territorial Affairs. 3110 Dirksen Building Subcommittee 1224 Dirksen Building Select on Intelligence To hold hearings on proposed budget Appropriations Budget Authorization Subcommittee estimates for FY 1980 for the Equal MEitary Construction Subcommittee To continue closed hearings on proposed Employment Opportunity Commission, To resume hearings on proposed budget fiscal year 1980 authorization requests U.S. Metric Board, and the Legal Serv­ estimates for fiscal year 1980 for mili­ for intelligence operations of the Fed­ ices Corporation. tary construction programs. eral Government. S-146, Capitol 1114 Dirksen Building S-407, Capitol Select on Intelligence 2:00 p.m. Budget Authorization Subcommittee MARCH 23 To resume closed hearings on proposed Appropriations 9:00 a.m. FY 1980 authorization requests for in­ State, Justice, Commerce, the Judiciary Commerce, Science, and Transportation telligence operations of the Federal Subcommittee To hold hearings on a proposed joint Government. To hold hearings on proposed budget government/ industry program of ad­ S-407, Capitol e£timates for FY 1980 for the Com­ vanced automotive technology devel­ MARCH 20 mission on Security and Coopera.tion opment. 9:30 a.m. in Europe, Federal Maritime Commis­ 235 Russell Building Human Resources sion, Marine Mammal Commission, and 10:00 a .m . Child and Human Development Subcom­ on supplemental appropriations for FY 79 for the Board of International Appropriations mittee HUD-Independent Agencies Subcommittee To resume hearings on S. 4, proposed Broadcasting. S-146, Capitol To resume hearings on proposed budget Child Care Act, and proposed legisla­ estimate for fiscal year 1980 for the tion to coordinate programs designed Select on Intelligence Environmental Protection Agency, and to prevent domestic violence. Budget Authorization Subcommittee the Consumer Information Center. 4332 Dirksen Building To resume closed hearings on propo£ed 1318 Dirksen Building 10:00 a.m. fiscal year 1980 authorization requests Appropriations Appropriations for intelligence operations of the Fed­ Foreign Operations Sub::ommittee eral Government. Military Construction Subcommittee To hold hearings on proposed budget S-407, Capitol Building To continue hearings on proposed budget estimates for fiscal year 1980 for mil­ estimates for fiscal year 1980 for Inter­ MARCH 22 itary construction programs. national Financial Institutions, De­ 9:30 a .m. partment of the Treasury. 1223 Dirksen Building 1114 Dirksen Building Veterans' Affairs Finance Appropriations To resume hearings on S. 330, to provide Health Subcommittee Interior Subcommittee for a judicial review of the adminis­ To continue markup on proposed legis­ To resume hearings on proposed budget trative actions of the VA, and for lation to control increases in hospital estimates for FY J 980 for the Office of veterans' attorneys fees before the VA revenues (Hospital Cost Contain­ Territorial Affairs. or the courts. ment). 1224 Dirksen Building 6226 Dirksen Building 2221 Dirksen Building 3950 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 5, 1979 MARCH26 MARCH 28 Appropriations 10:00 a .m. 9:00 a.m . HUD-Independent Agencies Subcommittee Appropriations Human Resources To continue hearings on proposed budget Labor-HEW Subcommittee Health and SCieDJtific Research Subcom­ estimates for fiscal year 1980 for the To hold hearings on proposed budget mittee Veterans' Administration. estimates for FY 1980 for the Depart­ To hold hearings on proposed legislation 1318 Dirksen Building ment of Labor, and related agencies. on biomedical research programs. Appropriations S-128, Capitol Room to be anno".1n1.:ed Interior Subcommittee 9:30 a.m . To resume hearings on proposed budget Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs Commerce, Science, and Transportation estimates for FY 1980 for the National To resume hearings on S. 85, to strength­ To hold oversight hearings nn the truck­ Endowment for the Humanities. en the ability of the Federal Reserve ing industry economic regulation by 1224 Dirksen Building Board to conduct monetary policy, the Federal Government. 10:30 a.m. promote greater competitive equality, 1 235 Russell Building Appropriations enhance the safety and soundness of Human Resources Labor-HEW Subcommittee the banking system, and improve the To continue hearings on S. 420, to To continue hearings on proposed budget efficiency of the Federal Reserve pay­ strengthen State workers' compensa­ estimates for FY 1860 for the Depart­ ments system. tion programs. ments of Labor and HEW. 5302 Dirksen Building 4232 Dirksen Building S-128, Capitol 2:00p.m. MARCH27 Human Resources Education, Arts, and the Humanities Sub­ Appropriations 9:30 a.m. Transportation Subcommittee Human Resources committee To resume hearings to explore the areas To resume hearings on propr-sed budf!'et To hold hearings on S. 420, to strength­ estimates for fiscal year 1980 for the en State workers' compensation pro- of basic learning skills used in elemen­ tary and secondary schools. Department of Transportation. grams. S-146, Capitol 4232 Dirksen Building 457 Russell Building 10 :00 a.m. MARCH 30 Human Resources 9:30a.m. Appropriations Commerce, Science, and Transportation Child and Human Development Labor-HEW S.ubcommittee To mark up S. 239, authorizing funds Science, Technology, and Space Sub­ To continue hearings on proposed budget committee for programs administered by Domes­ estimates for FY 1980 for the Depart­ tic Volunteer Service Act (ACTION) . To continue hearings on proposed legis­ ment of HEW. lation to establish an Earth Data and 6226 Dirksen Building S-128, Capitol 10:00 a .m. Information Service which would sup­ Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs ply data on the Earth's resources and Appropriations To continue hearings on S. 85, to Interior Subcommittee environment. To resume hearings on proposed budget strengthen the ability of the Federal 235 Russell Building Reserve Board to conduct monetary 10:00 a.m. estimates for FY 1980 for the Bureau policy, promote greater competitive of Indian Affairs. Appropriations 1224 Dirksen Building equality, enhance the safety and HUD-Independent Agencies Subcommittee soundness of the banking system, and To resume hearings en proposed budget Appropriations improve the efficiency of the Federal estimates fc·r fiscal year 1980 for 1:he Labor-HEW Subcommittee Reserve payments system. Veterans' Administration, the Ameri­ To hold hearings on proposed budget 5302 Dirksen Building can Battle Monuments Commission, estimates for FY 1980 for the Depart­ Finance and the U.S. Army cemeterial expenses. ment of HEW. To continue hearings on S. 350 and 1318 Dirksen Building S-128, Capitol S. 351, to encourage and facmtate the ava1Jabll1ty, through private insurance APRIL 2 Appropriations 9:30 a .m. Military Construction Subcommittee carriers, of basic health insurance at Human Resources To resume hearings on proposed budget reasonable premium charges. To resume hearings on S. 420, to 2221 Dirksen Building estimates for fiscal year 1980 for mlll­ 2:00 p .m. strengthen State workers' compensa­ tary construction programs. tion programs. Appropriations 4232 Dirksen Building S-126, Capitol Labor-HEW Subcommittee To continue hearings on proposed budget APRIL 3 Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs 9:30 a.m. To continue hearings on S. 85, to estimates for FY 1980 for the Depart­ ment 9f HEW. Human Resources strengthen the abil1ty of the Federal To continue hearings on S. 420, to Reserve Board to conduct monetary S-128, Capitol MARCH 29 strengthen State workers' compensa­ policy, promote greater competitive 9:30 a.m. tion programs. equality, enhance the safety and Commerce, Science, and Transportation 4232 Dirksen Building soundness of the banking system, and Science, Technology, and Space Subcom­ 10:00 a.m. improve the efficiency of the Federal mittee Appropriations Reserve payments system. To hold hearings on proposed legislation Foreign Operations Subcommittee 5302 Dirksen Building to establish an Earth Data and Infor­ To continue hearings on proposed budget estimates for fiscal year 1980 for pro­ Finance matio~ Service which would supply data on the Earth's resources and grams administered by the Depa.rt­ To hold hearings on S. 350 and S. 351, to ment of State. encourage and facilitate the avail­ environment. 235 Russell Butlding 1114 Dirksen Building ability, through private insurance Human Resources Appropriations carriers, of basic health insurance at Health and Scientific Research Subcom­ Interior Subcommittee reasonable premium charges. mittee To resume hearings on proposed budget 2221 Dirksen Building To continue oversight hearings on health estimates for FY 1980 for the Office of 2:00p.m. programs administered by the National the Secretary and the Office of the Appropriations Institutes of Health. Solicitor. Labor-HEW Subcommittee 4232 Dirksen Building 1224 Dirksen Building To continue hearings on proposed budg­ Veterans' Affairs APRIL 4 et estimates for FY 1980 for the De­ To hold hearings to receive legislative 10:00 a .m. partment of HEW. recommendations for FP 1980 from Appropriations S-128, Capitol AMVETS, Paralyzed Veterans of Amer­ HUD-Independent Agencies Subcommittee ica, Veterans of World War I, blinded To continue hearings on proposed. budg­ Appropriations veterans, and Purple Heart. et estimates for fl.seal year 1980 for State, Justice, Commerce, the Judiciary 6226 Dirksen Building the National Science Foundation. Subcommittee 10:00 a .m. 1318 Dirksen Building To receive testimony from Members of Appropriations Appropriations Congress on proposed budget estimates Foreign Operations Subcommittee Interior Subcommittee for FY 1980 for the Departments of To hold hearings on proposed budget To resume hearings on proposed budget State, Justice, Commerce, and the estimates for fiscal year 1980 for estimates for FY 1980 for the Heritage Judiciary. ACTION-International Program. Conservation and Recreation Service. S-146, Capitol 1114 Dirksen Building 1224 Dirksen Building March 5, 1979 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3951 Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs Finance 10 :00 a .m . International Finance Subcommittee To markup S. 350 and S. 351, to encour­ Appropriations To hold hearings on the implications of age and facilitate the availability, the proposed multilateral trade agree­ through private insurance carriers, of Interior Subcommittee ments for U.S. exports. basic health insurance at reasonable To resume hearings on proposed budg­ 5302 Dirksen Building premium charges. et estimates for FY 1980 for the De­ APRIL 5 2221 Dirksen Building partment of the Interior, to hear con­ 9:00 a.m. APRIL 11 gressional witnesses. Veterans' Affaks 10:00 a.m. 1223 Dirksen Building To hold hearings on proposed legislation Appropriations APRIL 26 extending certain veterans' health HUD-Independent Agencies Subcommittee 9 :30 a.m. benefits programs through FY 1980. To continue hearings on proposed 5110 Dirksen Building budget estimates for fiscal year 1980 Human Resources 10:00 a.m. for the Federal Emergency Manage­ To continue oversight hearings on the Appropriations ment Administration. conditions, trends, and new ap­ Foreign Operations Subcommittee 1318 Dirksen Building proaches to linking education, To hold hearings on proposed budget Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs health, and ,.ork in the coming estimates for fiscal year 1980 for for­ Financial Institutions Subcommittee decade. eign assistance programs. To hold hearings on S. Res. 59, proposed 4232 Dirksen Building 1114 Dirksen Building s:ni.an Savers Equity Resolution. 10:00 a.m. Appropriations 5302 Dirksen Building Appropriations HUD-Independent Agencies Subcommittee Finance To resume hearings on proposed budget HUD-Independent Agencies Subcommit­ To continue markup on S. 350 and S. tee estimates for fiscal year 1980 for the 351, to encourage and facilitate the National Science Foundation, and the availability, through private insur­ To continue hearings on proposed budg­ Office of Science and Technology ance carriers, of basic health insurance et estimates for fiscal year 1980 for policy. at reasonable premium charges. the Department of Housing and Ur­ 1318 Dirksen Building 2221 Dirksen Building ban Development. Appropriations APRIL 12 1318 Dirksen Building Interior Subcommittee 10:00 a.m. Appropriations To continue hearings on proposed budget Appropriations Interior Subcommittee estimates for FY 1980 for the Heritage HUD-Independent Agencies Subcommittee To continue hearings on proposed budg­ Conservation and Recreation Service. To resume hearings on proposed budget 1224 Dirksen Building et estimates for FY 1980 for the estimates for fiscal year 1980 for the Office of Surface Mining Reclamation Appropriations Department of the Treasury. Transportation Subcommittee and Enforcement, Office of Water To resume hearings on proposed budget 1318 Dirksen Building Research and Technology. Appropriations 1223 Dirksen Building estimates for fiscal year 1980 for the Interior Subcommittee Department of Transportation. To resume hearings on proposed budget Appropriations 318 Russell Building estimates for FY 1980 for the Bureau Transportation Subcommittee Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs of Mines. To resume hearings on proposed budg­ International Finance Subcommittee 1223 Dirksen Building et estimates for fiscal year 1980 for To resume hearings on the implications Appropriations the Department of Transportation. of the proposed multilateral trade Transportation Subcommittee 1224 Dirksen Building agreements for U.S. exports. To resume hearings on proposed budget 2:00 p.m. 5302 Dirksen Building estimates for fiscal year 1980 for the 2:00 p.m. Department of Transportation. Appropriations Appropriations 1224 Dirksen Building Transportation Subcommitt ee Transportation Subcommittee To continue hearings on proposed budg­ To continue hearings on proposed budget Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs Financial Institutions Subcommittee et estimates for fiscal year 1980 for estimates for fiscal year 1980 for the the Department of Transportation. Department of Transportation. To continue hearings on S. Res. 59, pro­ 1224 Dirksen Building 318 Russell Building posed Small Savers Equity Resolution. 5302 Dirksen Building APRIL 6 APRIL 27 2:00 p .m. 10:00 a.m. 10 :00 a.m. Appropriations Appropriations Appropriations Transportation Subcommittee Transportation Subcommittee To continue hearings on proposed To continue hearings on proposed budget HUD-Independent Agencies Subcommittee budget estimates for fiscal year 1980 estimates for fiscal year 1980 for the To resume hearings on proposed budget for the Department of Transportation. Department of Transportation. estimates for fiscal year 1980 for the 1224 Dirksen Building 1224 Dirksen Building Department of Housing and Urban 11 :OO a.m. APRIL 24 Development, and the Neighborhood Appropriations 10:00 a.m. Reinvestment Corporation. Transportation Subcommittee Appropriations 1318 Dirksen Building To continue hearings on proposed Interior Subcommittee Appropriations budget estimates for fiscal year 1980 To resume hearings on proposed budget Transport:1.tion Subcommittee for the Department of Transportation. estimates for FY 1980 for the Bureau To continue hearings on proposed budg­ 1224 Dirksen Building of Land Management. 2:00 p.m. et estimates for fiscal year 1980 for Appropriations 1223 Dirksen Building the Department of Transportation. Transportation Subcommittee APRIL 25 1224 Dirksen Building To continue hearings on proposed 9:30 a .m . MAY budget estimates for fiscal year 1980 Human Resources 9:30 a.m. for the Department of Transportation. To hold oversight hearings on the con­ Human Resources 1224 Dirksen Building ditions, trends, and new approaches APRIL 10 to linking education, health, and Child and Human Development Subcom­ 9:30 a.m. work in the coming decade. mittee Veterans' Affairs 4232 Dirksen Building To hold oversight hearings on the imple­ To hold oversight hearings on the role Veterans' Affairs mentation of the Older American Vol­ of the Federal Government in provid­ unteer Program Act (P.L. 93-113). To mark up S. 330, to provide for a ing educational employment. 4232 Dirksen Building judicial review of the administra­ 6226 Dirksen Building 10:00 a .m. tive actions of the VA . and for veter­ 10:00 a.m. Appropriations Appropriations ans' attorneys fees before the VA or Interior Subcommittee the c::lurts, and on proposed legisla­ Interior Subcommittee To resume hearings on proposed budget tion extending cert ain veterans' To resume hearings on proposed budget estimates for FY 1980 for the Fish health benefits programs through estim:1.tes for fiscal year 1980 for the and Wildlife Service. FY 1980. National Park Service. 1223 Dirksen Bu1ld1ng 412 Russell Building 1223 Dirksen Building 3952 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE March 6, 1979

MAY 2 MAY 7 MAYlO 10:00 a.m. 10:00 a.m. 10:00 a.m. Approprlations Appropriations Appropriations HUD-Independent Agencies Subcommittee Transportation Subcommittee Interior Subcommittee To continue hearings on proposed budget To resume hearings on proposed budg­ To continue hearings on proposed estimates for fiscal year 1980 for HUD et estimates for fiscal year 1980 for the budget estimates for fiscal year 1980 and independent agencies. Department of Transportation. for the Department of Energy. 1318 Dirksen Building 1224 Dirksen Building 1223 Dirksen Building Approprla tions Approprlatlons Interior Subcommittee 2:00 p.m. Appropriations Transportation Subcommittee To continue hearings on proposed budg­ To resume hearings on proposed et estimates for fiscal year 1980 for Transportation Subcommittee To continue hearings on proposed budg­ budget estimates for fiscal year 1980 the Smithsonian Institution. for the Department of Transporta­ 1223 Dirsken Building et estimates for fiscal year 1980 for the Department of Transportation. tion. MAY 3 1224 Dirksen Building 1224 Dirksen Building 10:00 a.m. Appropriations MAYS MAY17 HUD-Independent Agencies Subcommittee 10:00 a.m. 10:00 a.m. To resume hearings on proposed budget Appropriations Appropriations estimates for fiscal year 1980 for HUD Interior Subcommittee Transportation Subcommittee and independent agencies. To resume hearings on proposed To resume hearings on proposed 1318 Dirksen Building budget estimates for fiscal year 1980 budget estimates for fiscal year 1980 Appropriations for the Department of Energy. for the Department of Transporta­ Interior Subcommittee 1223 Dirksen Building tion. To continue hearings on proposed budg­ 1224 Dirksen Building et estimates for fiscal year 1980 for MAY 9 2:00 p .m. the Department of Energy. · 10:00 a.m. Appropriations Appropriations Appropriations Transportation Subcommittee Transportation Subcommittee Interior Subcommittee To continue hearings on proposed To resume hearings on proposed budg­ To continue hearings on proposed budget estimates for fiscal year 1980 et estimates for fiscal year 1980 for the budget estimates for fiscal year 1980 for the Department of Transporta­ Department of Transportation. for the Department of Energy. tion. 1224 Dirksen Building 1223 Dirksen Building 1224 Dirksen Building

HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES-Tuesday, March 6, 1979

The House met at 12 o'clock noon. Dewey F. Bartlett, who served in the United FEE, Mr. HEINZ, Mr. w ALLOP' and Mr. Rabbi Joseph Hirsch, Temple Shaarei States Senate from the State of Oklahoma DURENBERGER. Tikvah, Arcadia, Calif., offered the fol­ from 1973 until 1979. lowing prayer : Resolved, That the Secretary communicate these resolutions to the House of Representa­ WELCOME TO DR. JOSEPH HIRSCH, Heavenly Father: We ask You to bless tives and transmit a copy thereof to the family of the deceased, together with a tran­ RABBI, TEMPLE SHAAREI TIKVAH. these men delegated with the responsi­ ARCADIA, CALIF. bility of governing this country, with script of remarks made in the Senate in praise of his distinguished service to the Nation. (Mr. ROUSSELOT asked and was Your gifts of wisdom, strength, and per­ Resolved, That when the Senate recesses severance. Under providence, this coun­ today, it recess as a further mark of respect given permission to address the House for try has grown from humble beginnings to the memory of the deceased. 1 minute and to revise and extend his into the great :me' prosperous land that remarks.) it is today. We thank You for the privi­ The message further announced that Mr. ROUSSELOT. Mr. Speaker, I am lege of living in such a land, but we also the Vice President, pursuant to section pleased to welcome Dr. Joseph Hirsch, know that privileges entail obligati.ons. 1024 of title 15, United States Code, ap­ rabbi at Temple Shaarei Tikvah in the pointed Mr. SARBANEs to fill the vacancy May our leaders thus be inspired with city of Arcadia, Calif., who opened our of the majority party membership on the session today with his meaningful prayer. a sense of mission. May they realize that Joint Economic Committee. it is in their power to make the prophetic Rabbi Hirsch, a constituent of the con­ And, pursuant to Public Law 94-304, gressional district which I represent, vision a reality, to create a society where appointed Mr. McGOVERN to the Com­ justice and kindness will always prevail. California's 26th, is visiting in Washing­ May this land then find its greatness in mission on Security and Cooperation in ton, D.C., with a Jewish leadership dele­ serving as the example of democracy and Europe, in lieu of Mr. Clark, retired. gation to the Community Relations Com­ decency for the entire world. Amen. And, pursuant to Public Law 86-420, mittee of the Jewish Federation Council. appointed Mr. BENTSEN as chairman of In California, Rabbi Dr. Joseph Hirsch is the Senate delegation to the Mexico­ a spiritual leader of Temple Shaarei Tik­ THE JOURNAL United States Interparliamentary Con­ vah, of Arcadia, Calif., a Conservative The SPEAKER. The Chair has exam­ ference, to be held in Mexico in May congregation affiliated with the United ined the Journal of the last day's pro­ 1979. Synagogue of America. Rabbi Hirsch ha.s ceedings and announces to the House his And that the President pro tempore, been with the temple since 1976, after approval thereof. pursuant to Public Law 93-618, and having served as a chaplain with the Air Pursuant to cla1.,.5e 1, rule !, the Jour­ upon the recommendation of the chair­ Force in Okinawa. nal stands approved. man of the Committee on Finance, ap­ Rabbi Hirsch received his B.A. with pointed the following Senators as Of­ honor in history from Yeshiva College, ficial Advisers to the U.S. delegation in New York City; he received his masters MESSAGE FROM THE SENATE to negotiations relating to trade agree­ and was ordained a conservative rabbi at ments: Mr. LONG, Mr. TALMADGE, Mr. the Jewish Theological Seminary of A message from the Senate, by Mr. America; he was awarded his doctorate Sparrow, one of its clerks, announced RIBICOFF , Mr. DOLE, and Mr. ROTH; and as alternate Official Advisers to the in modern Jewish history by Yeshiva that the Senate had passed a resolution College. of the following title: above !'lego~iations: Mr. HARRY F. BYRD, JR., Mr. NELSON, Mr. GRAVEL, Mr. BENT­ In his present position in Arcadia, as S. RES. 88 well as his prior pulpits, Rabbi Hirsch Resolved, That the Senate has heard with SEN, Mr. MATSUNAGA, Mr. MOYNIHAN, profound sorrow and extreme regret the an­ Mr. BAUCUS, Mr. BOREN, Mr. BRADLEY, has been active in community and inter­ nouncement of the death of the Honorable Mr. PACKWOOD, Mr. DANFORTH, Mr. CHA- faith affairs. When he was rabbi of Con-

D This symbol represents the time of day during the House Proceedings, e.g., D 1407 is 2:07 p.m. • This "bullet" symbol identifies statements or insertions which are not spoken by the Member on the floor.