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Linguagens Visuais Literatura LINGUAGENS VISUAIS LITERATURA. ARTES. CULTURA HEIDRUN KRIEGER OLINTO KARL ERIK SCHØLLHAMMER DANUSA DEPES PORTAS (orgs.) LINGUAGENS VISUAIS LITERATURA. ARTES. CULTURA Reitor Pe. Josafá Carlos de Siqueira SJ Vice-Reitor Pe. Álvaro Mendonça Pimentel SJ Vice-Reitor para Assuntos Acadêmicos Prof. José Ricardo Bergmann Vice-Reitor para Assuntos Administrativos Prof. Luiz Carlos Scavarda do Carmo Vice-Reitor para Assuntos Comunitários Prof. Augusto Luiz Duarte Lopes Sampaio Vice-Reitor para Assuntos de Desenvolvimento Prof. Sergio Bruni Decanos Prof. Júlio Cesar Valladão Diniz (CTCH) Prof. Luiz Roberto A. Cunha (CCS) Prof. Luiz Alencar Reis da Silva Mello (CTC) Prof. Hilton Augusto Koch (CCBS) LINGUAGENS VISUAIS LITERATURA. ARTES. CULTURA HEIDRUN KRIEGER OLINTO KARL ERIK SCHØLLHAMMER DANUSA DEPES PORTAS (orgs.) © Editora PUC-Rio Rua Marquês de S. Vicente, 225, Casa da Editora PUC-Rio Gávea – Rio de Janeiro – RJ – CEP 22451-900 Telefone: (21)3527-1760/1838 [email protected] www.puc-rio.br/editorapucrio Conselho Gestor Editora PUC-Rio Augusto Sampaio, Danilo Marcondes, Felipe Gomberg, Hilton Augusto Koch, José Ricardo Bergmann, Júlio Cesar Valladão Diniz, Luiz Alencar Reis da Silva Mello, Luiz Roberto Cunha e Sergio Bruni. Revisão de texto: Giovanna Corbucci, Henrique Lopes, Leandro Salgueirinho de Oliveira, Marco Alexandre de Oliveira, Mariana Perelló, Matheus Ribeiro, Rafael Gutiérrez Giraldo e Samyres Amaral Freitas Projeto gráfico de miolo e capa:Flávia da Matta Design Imagem de capa: Laura Erber Todos os direitos reservados. Nenhuma parte desta obra pode ser reproduzida ou transmitida por qualquer forma e/ou quaisquer meios (eletrônico ou mecânico, incluindo fotocópia e gravação) ou arquivada em qualquer sistema ou banco de dados sem permissão escrita da editora. Dados Internacionais de Catalogação na Publicação (CIP) Linguagens visuais: literatura, artes e cultura / Heidrun Krieger Olinto, Karl Erik Schøllhammer, Danusa Depes Portas, orga- nizadores. – Rio de Janeiro: Ed. PUC-Rio, 2018. 400 p.: il.; 23 cm Inclui bibliografia ISBN: 978-85-8006-236-6 1. Arte e literatura. 2. Imagem na literatura. 3. Cultura. I. Olinto, Heidrun Krieger. II. Schøllhammer, Karl Erik. III. Portas, Danusa Depes. CDD: 808.80357 Elaborado por Lizandra Toscano dos Santos – CRB-7/6915 Divisão de Bibliotecas e Documentação – PUC-Rio SUMÁRIO Literatura, cultura e artes no espaço visual, 07 Heidrun Krieger Olinto e Karl Erik Schøllhammer O que é uma imagem?, 17 W.J.T. Mitchell Transvisuality: on visual mattering, 67 Anders Michelsen Marmotas em vista (1849-1864), 93 Bruno Guimarães Martins Imagens mi(g)rantes, 117 Danusa Depes Portas Literatura e fotografia: entre conceito e representação, 151 Elisa Maria Amorim Vieira Ver para ler: Cícero Dias e Mário de Andrade, 161 Eneida Leal Cunha Waly Salomão: entre o olho fóssil e o olho míssil, 177 Frederico Coelho Escrita-imagem-teoria. Encontros, 187 Heidrun Krieger Olinto Tradução intersemiótica, ciborgues e inferência abdutiva, 205 João Queiroz e Pedro Atã Escrevendo realidade: estratégias de presença e inscrição na cultura brasileira e contemporânea, 217 Karl Erik Schøllhammer Afinidade e morfologia em W. G. Sebald, 229 Kelvin Falcão Klein Lygia Pape: entre a geometria e a etnografia, 243 Luiz Camillo Osorio Nem estética nem cosmética: um debate sobre o cinema contemporâneo a partir da revisão da sua relação com a fome, 253 Miguel Jost O contador de histórias como imagem: sobre vanguarda e tradição nos contos de Walter Benjamin, 269 Patrícia Lavelle Rastros de Babel: do texto às telas da pintura e do cinema, 281 Renato Cordeiro Gomes Ver: desaparecer, 305 Rosana Kohl Bines A “polpa da cor”: a persistência do dispêndio na teoria neoconcreta de Ferreira Gullar, 321 Sérgio B. Martins Gráfica expandida: sobre algunas relaciones entre espacio público, imágenes y textos, 341 Silvia Dolinko Práticas literárias e exercícios do ver: a revolução dos suportes, 355 Vera Lúcia Follain de Figueiredo O olhar e os olhares de um artista brasileiro na Segunda Guerra Mundial: o “Caderno de Guerra” do Pracinha Carlos Scliar, 367 Vinicius Mariano de Carvalho Sobre os autores, 385 O QUE É UMA IMAGEM? LITERATURA, CULTURA E ARTES NO ESPAÇO VISUAL Heidrun Krieger Olinto Karl Erik Schøllhammer A expansão incessante de configurações escriturais na literatura em diálogo com as artes visuais demanda um olhar atento a sobrevivências, cruzamentos e projetos inaugurais que imprimem a sua marca nas práticas contemporâneas. Inseridas em contextos históricos sociais, culturais, artísticos e geopolíticos cam- biantes, elas perturbam, causam estranheza e fascinação, e desafiam formas de controle ensaiadas pela reflexão crítica. O presente volume, Linguagens visuais. Literatura. Artes. Cultura, inicia-se com a tradução do texto de W. J. T. Mitchell “O que é uma imagem?” – publicado em 1986 com o título original “What is an Image?” – que, referência clássica para os estudos da imagem, destaca-se pela imensa fortuna crítica e repercussão nas últimas décadas. As questões por ele tematizadas, elas próprias herdeiras de tradições de longa duração nos estudos literários e na história da arte, continuam vivas na discussão atual. Os ensaios que compõem a coletânea não se referem necessariamente de modo explícito ao texto de Mitchell, mas permitem reflexões acerca da atmosfera intelectual, cul- tural e política que motivou as indagações da chamada Virada Icônica1 (iconic turn) e acerca das questões que ainda hoje suscitam e inspiram novas respostas. Neste quadro, emergem pequenos repertórios teóricos, hipóteses criativas, intuições singelas sem consenso que oferecem vislumbres acerca de possíveis 1 Desde o início da década de 1990, Mitchell propõe o termo Pictorial Turn em lugar do Iconic Turn, que para o próprio Mitchell pertencia estreitamente à tradição de Warburg a Panofsky e Gombrich. Mitchell foi, entretanto, o reformulador principal deste conceito de iconologia, identificado com “o que se diz sobre as imagens” e, ao mesmo tempo, com o estudo de “o que as imagens dizem”. Isso aparece já no livro Iconology: Images, Text, Ideology (1986) de onde o ensaio aqui traduzido foi recopilado depois de sua publicação em 1984 no periódico New Literary History, v. 15, n. 3, spring, 1984, p.503-537 Image/Imago/Imagination. 7 LINGUAGENS VISUAIS. LITERATURA. ARTES. CULTURA regimes de visualidade atuantes no espaço literário e artístico atual. Foi nesta expectativa que se realizou, em abril de 2017, o XIV Seminário Internacional de Estudos de Literatura, promovido pelo grupo de pesquisa do CNPq Tendên- cias Contemporâneas nos Estudos de Literatura, vinculado ao Programa de Pós-Graduação Literatura, Cultura e Contemporaneidade do Departamento de Letras da Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro. Desde o primeiro evento, em 1999, dedicado a novas epistemologias, os seminários se caracterizam pela crescente inclusão de tópicos temáticos vinculados aos estudos literários marcados por travessias de fronteiras e intercâmbios crescentes com a comuni- dade internacional. A reformulação do Programa de Pós-Graduação, em 2011, contribuiu significativamente não só para a ampliação do repertório teórico, mas igualmente para a expansão de práticas de pesquisa e ensino nos estudos comparativos de literatura, que situam a investigação da escrita contemporâ- nea numa perspectiva interartística e transmidiática aberta às dimensões visual, plástica, tátil e auditiva. Neste contexto, o livro Linguagens visuais. Literatura. Artes.Cultura, apresenta um leque de trabalhos interdisciplinares em torno da noção do visual como chave para interpretar e interrogar experiências estéticas contemporâneas na literatura e nas outras artes. Em contraste com o texto seminal de Mitchell, as discussões e propostas reverberam três décadas depois estilos e interesses de conhecimento alterados. Anders Michelsen condensou este espírito no conselho – “but the right question is: what then, what now?” – formulado como convite a revisitar noções de ima- gem, linguagem e representação e a refletir sobre configurações, permanências, transmutações, lugares, papéis e sentidos do visual e dos regimes de visualida- de nas constelações alteradas do século XXI. Neste horizonte, Michelsen abre novas dimensões ao visual além de noções de imagem e representação. O seu projeto teórico, em sintonia com estruturas sistêmicas complexas, distingue-se pela defesa do poder gerativo do visual que, em obras de arte, adquire formas de modelização do mundo. No texto “Transvisuality – On Visual Mattering”, a sua análise da expansão cultural da visualidade em sociedades contemporâ- neas distancia-se, deste modo, de concepções tradicionais de representação e interpretação, ao identificar a atuação autopoiética do visual como organização estruturante do próprio social. Esta performatividade, entendida como visual mattering e transient mattering, corresponde à dinâmica da visualidade como ato de presentificar o mundo em sua materialidade transiente em constante 8 LITERATURA, CULTURAO QUE É EUMA ARTES IMAGEM? NO ESPAÇO VISUAL movimento. Esta operação co-criadora do mundo, interconectada em redes de práticas culturais plurais de todas as esferas da vida, encontra uma tradução exemplar no conceito de transvisualidade proposto pelo autor. Se por um lado os artigos articulados em torno do visual exibem uma he- terogeneidade de preferências epistemológicas, teóricas, metodológicas, éticas, estéticas e de estilos escriturais que espelham a pluralidade criativa de tendên- cias, projetos e interesses em circulação, por outro lado,
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