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Verfentlichungen Der Zoologischen Staatssammlung Mchen © Münchner Ent. Ges., Download from The BHL http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/; www.biologiezentrum.at VEROFFENTLICHUNGEN ZOOLOGISCHEN STAATSSAMMLUNG MUNCHEN COMP. ZOOI— MUS.UIBRARY Hans Kumerloeve harvard Jniv«b»ty Die Saugetiere (Mammalia) der Tiirkei Die Saugetiere (Mammalia Syriens und des Libanon (Mit 3 Dbersichtskarten im Text) Veroff . Zool. Staatssamml. Miinchen © Münchner Ent. Ges., Download from The BHL http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/; www.biologiezentrum.at Gedruckt mit Mitteln der Deutsdien Forsdiungsgemeinschaft (Bonn — Bad Godesberg). © Münchner Ent. Ges., Download from The BHL http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/; www.biologiezentrum.at Elans Kumerloeve Die Saugetiere (Mammalia) der Tiirkei Mit 2 Ubcrsichtskarten im Text Veroflf. Zool. Staatssamml. Munchen Band 18 S. 69—158 Munchen, 1. Dez. 1975 © Münchner Ent. Ges., Download from The BHL http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/; www.biologiezentrum.at © Münchner Ent. Ges., Download from The BHL http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/; www.biologiezentrum.at Hans Kumerloeve: Die Saugetiere (Mammalia) der Turkei '^^ (Aus den Mammalogischen Abteilungen der Zoologischen Staatssammlung Munchen und des Zoologischen Forschungsinstitutes und Museums Alexander Koenig in Bonn) Die Saugetiere (Mammalia) der Tiirkei* Versuch einer kursorischen Ubersicht (Stand 1973/74)^ von H. Kumerloeve (Mit 2 Ubersichtskarten) I. Einleitung 72 II. Zur Erforschungsgeschichte der Saugetiere Kleinasiens .... 75 (Nachtrag) III. Systematische Ubersicht mit Bemerkungen zur Taxonomie und Verbreitung (Artenliste) 76 Insectivora . 78 Chiroptera 84 Carnivora 93 Pinnipedia 104 Proboscoidea 104 Perissodactyla 105 Artiodactyla 105 Lagomorpha 110 Rodentia 112 Cetacea 132 IV. Chronologische Zusammenstellung der an tiirkischen Belegstiicken (nach heutigem Grenzverlauf) beschriebenen Species und Sub- species 135 V. Chronologische Literaturiibersicht 141 VI. Alphabetische Artnamenlisten fiir Turkei und Syrien/Libanon (wissenschaftliche, deutsche und englische Namen) 219 1) i Gewidmet den Herren Prof. Dr. C. K o s s w g , Prof. Dr. A. § e n g u n und Prof. Dr. S. Hu? (samtlicii Istanbul) in Wiirdigung jahrzehntelanger Zusammenarbeit. -) Fallweise auf Grund spaterer Veroffentlichungen und Informationen nachtraglich erganzt. © Münchner Ent. Ges., Download from The BHL http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/; www.biologiezentrum.at 72 Hans Kumerloeve: Die Saugetiere (Mammalia) der Tiirkei I. Einleitung Ahnlich der ornithologischen Forschung in der Tiirkei laBt hier neuerdings auch das Studium der Saugerfauna einen erfreulichen Aufschwung erken- nen. Insbesondere bei den Kleinsaugern sind, wie eine wachsende Zahl von Veroffentlichungen zeigt, zahlreiche neue Erkenntnisse hinzugekommen. Wahrend aber iiber die tiirkische Vogelwelt bereits vier laufend erganzte ijbersichts- bzw. Artenlisten vorliegen (Kasparyan 1956, Kumer- loeve 1961/62, Kumerloeve 1966, Vittery et al. 1971) und seit 1967 eine eigene „ Ornithological Society of Turkey" existiert, fehlt es hin- sichtlich der Mammalia bisher voUig an einer vergleichbaren Gesamtiiber- sicht. Die in den Jahren 1877 und 1880 erschienenen Expeditionsberichte von Danford & Alston sind begreiflicherweise in vieler (wenn auch keineswegs in jeder) Hinsicht iiberholt. Und die aus neuerer Zeit stammen- den Publikationen befassen sich vornehmlich mit Kleinsaugern und nur aus- nahmsweise — wenn man von popularen Jagdmitteilungen absieht — ein- gehender mit GroBsaugern: siehe z. B, Hu§ (1963, 1964, 1967, 1974) iiber Jagdwild in der Tiirkei; Mursaloglu (1964) iiber die Monchsrobbe und iiber Bestandsabnahme bestimmter Arten; Kumerloeve (1956, 1965, 1966, 1967, 1969, 1970, 1971) iiber Leopard, Monchsrobbe, Karakal, Stachelschwein, Kropfgazelle, iiber Jagdschutz sowie iiber die Verbreitung tiirkischer Carnivora und Ungulata; Holloway (1967) iiber GroBsauger- Management, und neuerdings Boessneck (1974) bzw. Boessneck& v. d. Driesch (1975) iiber Biber, Mauswiesel sowie vor- und friihge- schichtliche Wildfauna. Wenn deshalb nachfolgend eine Artenliste aller tiirkischen Saugetiere vorgelegt wird, so folge ich damit einerseits der oft genug geauBerten Bitte bzw. Anregung von seiten tiirkischer und (mehr noch) europaischer und amerikanischer Kollegen und sonstiger Interessenten, als anderseits ebenso der eigenen Einsicht, daB ein solcher erster Versuch zur SchlieBung einer Liicke „fallig geworden" ist: um kiinftige Forschungen zu koordinieren und alien, die sich irgendwie mit der tiirkischen Saugerfauna befassen, einen knappen tJberblick iiber den derzeitigen Stand unseres Wissens zu vermit- teln. DaB dieser zugleich zur vermehrten wissenschaftlichen Beschaftigung mit GroBsaugern anregen will, da sie nach Bestandsstruktur, Okologie, Ta- xonomie bzw. tiergeographischer Zuordnung usw. kaum weniger Probleme aufgeben als viele kleinere Sanger, sei dabei ausdriicklich betont. Ahnlich den meisten orientalischen Landern ist auch in der Tiirkei die GroBsauger- fauna zunehmend angeschlagen und weithin verarmt: durch iibermaBige Verfolgung und Nutzung bei unzureichender Bestandssicherung, durch im- mer raschere Umwandlung bzw. Zerstorung ihrer urspriinglichen Biotope, durch propagierten Jagdtourismus, durch die allgemeine Jagdwaffenlibera- lisierung (in Verbindung mit dem Gastarbeitertum) usw., zumal dem Wild- bzw. Faunenschutz in der Praxis entgegen papiernen Verordnungen keine ausreichende EinfluBnahme zugestanden wird. Natiirlich leidet unter diesem : © Münchner Ent. Ges., Download from The BHL http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/; www.biologiezentrum.at Hans Kumerloeve: Die Saugetiere (Mammalia) der TUrkei Y3 Unverstandnis der Offentlichkeit auch die dringend erforderliche wissen- schaftliche Fundierung. DaB mammologische Untersuchungen, verglichen etwa mit ornithologi- schen, abweichenden Bedingungen unterliegen, fiihrt sich auf die anders- artigen anatomisch-morphologischen und biologischen Strukturen ihres „Materials" zuriick. Reine Sichtfeststellungen spielen hier eine wesentlich bescheidenere Rolle oder sind, zumal bei den oft nachtlichen Kleinsaugern nahezu unmoglich; dafiir ist die Sammeltatigkeit (in der Kegel Mr offentli- che Museen, Forschungsinstitute oder dergl.) um so dominierender und un- entbehrlicher. Zwangslaufig v/ird diese weitgehend von Berufszoologen oder sehr iiberdurchschnittlich versierten „Amateuren" ausgeiibt; entspre- chend spezialisiert ist deshalb das Niveau der einschlagigen Publikationen, von manchen jagdlichen oder popularisierenden Mitteilungen abgesehen. Eine Durchsicht dieses Fachschrifttums lehrt unschwer, wie fraglich und z. T. sehr umstritten die Bewertung bzw. Zuordnung nicht weniger Klein- sauger als Species oder Subspecies (oder evtl. sogar nur als Farbvariante oder Zwischenglied eines „cline") sein kann. DaB hierzu die nachfolgende Ubersicht keine systematisch-taxonomischen Revisionen einschlieBt, und daB sie keineswegs das Studium der Originalliteratur ersetzen kann, sei aus- driicklich betont. Dementsprechend sind so bekannte „Falle" wie z. B. Apo- demus sylvaticus/flavicollis, Microtus guentheri/socialis, Mus musculus oder die Speciesgliederung bei Crocidura, Meriones, Allactaga, Spalax etc. vor- nehmlich referierend aufgenommen worden, ohne eine Festlegung anzu- streben. Zweifellos wiirde es deshalb verfriiht sein, eine bestimmte Arten- zahl angeben zu woUen. Kiinftige Untersuchungen, nicht zuletzt unter Ein- schluB karyologischer bzw. genetischer Methoden werden wahrscheinlich zahlreiche Erganzungen, dazu wesentliche Korrekturen und wohl auch man- che Uberraschung erbringen. Deshalb und ebenso aus Griinden der Raum- ersparnis ist auf die Neuanfertigung oder Wiedergabe von Verbreitungs- bzw. Fundort-Karten verzichtet und, soweit moglich, auf jene verwiesen worden, die im Originalschrifttum zu finden sind. Der Weg zu wirklich be- friedigenden Bestands- bzw. Verbreitungskarten ist bei den meisten Arten und insbesondere fiir die Kleinsauger noch schwierig und lang. Hier wie im ganzen halt sich deshalb die nachfolgende Ubersicht an die derzeitige Situation des Wissens; bei aller gebote- nen Kiirze dabei auch friihere bzw. z. T. iiberholte Auffassungen einschlie- Bend. Da vom tiergeographischen und vom taxonomischen Aspekt her die Nach- barlander der Tiirkei vergleichsweise groBe Beachtung verdienen, seien als besonders wichtige mammalogische Publikationen genannt (s. z. T. Litera- turverzeichnis) fiir Bulgarien: Atanassov, N. Z. (1963); N. & Peschev Boev , Z. Georgiev & St. Doncev (1963); G. Markov (1957 und 1959); Peschev, Z. & V. Angelova (Gof. Sof. Univ. Zool. 61, 1969) fiir Griechenland: J. Ondrias (1965 und 1966); betr. Inselwelt u. a. D. - © Münchner Ent. Ges., Download from The BHL http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/; www.biologiezentrum.at 74 Hans Kumerloeve: Die Saugetiere (Mammalia) der Turkei Kock (Senckenberg. Biol. 1974), J. Niethammer (Bonner Zool. Beitr. 1974), G. S t o r c h (Senckenberg. Biol. 1975) fiir den Irak: R. Hatt (1959); D. Harrison (1964/72) fiir den Iran: D. M. Lay (1967); X. Misonne (1959) fiir Syrien: X. Misonne (1957); D. Harrison (1964/72); H. K u merloeve (s. die nachfolgende Publikation) fiir USSR: S. K. Dahl (1954); N. Bobrinskij,B. Kusnetzov & A. Kuzyakin (1940/44,1965); V. Heptner et al. (1961, 1966); N. Wereschtschagin (1959 u. 1967) und zahlreiche andere Arbeiten. Fiir freundliche Unterstiitzung bei der Bearbeitung der nachfolgenden Ubersicht bin ich sowohl Berufskollegen als auch sonstigen mammalogisch interessierten Helfern zu Dank verpflichtet. Ganz besonders dankbar bin ich jenen, die das Manuskript oder Teile
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