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0567 Pocket Guide Covers UMAUMA BulletinBulletin NEWS FROM THE UNIVERSITY OF MELBOURNE ARCHIVES www.lib.unimelb.edu.au/collections/archives/index.html No. 23, July 2008 ‘A splendid exhibition of driving’: Two Trips to Central Australia in 1924 he early mid-1920s saw an increase in travel to Central Australia as Tthe car opened up opportunities for travel to the outback and enabled more independent forms of tourism. In 1924, for example, the Arctic explorer Vilhjalmur Stefansson travelled to Central Australia as a ‘guest of the Common- wealth Government’ to investigate the climate and vegetation of the Australian desert. In 1926, Francis Birtles (who had already crossed the continent in record time in 1913) set new records for driving between Melbourne, Sydney and Darwin. In 1927, Jack and Muriel Dorney completed ‘the first motor honeymoon around Australia’.1 later the father of former Australian Prime The experiences of at least two Minister Malcolm Fraser — accompanied travellers to Central Australia in this the Victorian Governor Lord Stradbroke period are documented in UMA and his wife on a trip from Oodnadatta collections.2 In June 1924, the to Darwin. Also on the trip were the industrialist Essington Lewis (1881–1961) anthropologist, geologist and explorer travelled by car from Adelaide to Darwin Dr Herbert Basedow; Lord Stradbroke’s via Oodnadatta, Alice Springs and private secretary, Captain Kepple Palmer; Clockwise from above left: Katherine. Lewis had first travelled to the University of Adelaide botanist Neville Fraser and his son Malcolm, 1930, Central Australia in the early 1890s when Professor T.G.B. Osborn and his wife; and photographer unknown; ‘Hauling out of he was sent by his father to a remote Mr and Mrs Henry H. Dutton of Anlaby McLaren Creek’, 1924, photographer Essington 4 Lewis; Gilbert River, 264 miles north of Alice pastoral station at Dalhousie Springs. Station in South Australia. Springs, 1924, photographer Neville Fraser. Lewis senior hoped that the harsh life Neville Fraser’s group left Adelaide for of the outback would be a character- Oodnadatta by train on 17 July 1924. building addition to his son’s formal They took with them three Ford cars Maranboy and Emungalen, arriving in education, and Geoffrey Blainey suggests specially fitted with large petrol tanks and Darwin on 20 August 1924. that the later trip was a kind of pilgrim- extra gears for pushing through the sand.5 Photography was an essential aspect age.3 Lewis was accompanied by two Camels carried petrol and other supplies. of both journeys. Both Fraser and Lewis directors of BHP — Harold Darling and From Oodnadatta they travelled to Lake used their cameras to document some of Walter Duncan — a friend, Robert Eyre, Blood’s Creek (on the South the difficulties of their expeditions. Meares, and two drivers. Australia-Northern Territory border), Neville Fraser’s party had packed ‘a ton The following month, a grazier named Charlotte Waters, Horseshoe Bend, Alice too much heavy food stuff’, with the (John) Neville Fraser (1890–1962) — Springs, Tennant Creek, Daly Waters, result that one of the truck continued page 2 UMA Bulletin, No. 23, July 2008 1 axles broke and had to be replaced.6 The cars were often beaten by sand and spinifex. Both groups struggled to cross parched creek and river beds, using donkeys, sand grips and manpower to force the cars through the sand. For Lewis, such challenges were part of the appeal of the trip; opportunities for ‘a splendid exhibition of driving’.7 Other images capture lighter moments; a picnic at Palm Valley; Lady Stradbroke posing beside a seemingly smiling camel. Many photographs focus on the unfamiliar natural features encountered in the ‘dead heart’. Images of expanses of gibbers (large stones) and spinifex reinforce the rough isolation of Central Australia, which to Fraser was nonetheless ‘A1 country’.8 Other photographs show natural oddities such as magnetic ant hills (or termite mounds) and the Northern Territory’s Palm Valley. Lewis’ party enjoyed their picnic at the Valley, but — on one of the few occasions where the difficulty of the journey appears to have become too much — Lewis wondered whether it was worth the effort: ‘the labour of going and returning somewhat discounted our pleasure. The road was too dry and rough to be tackled by motor, and it took us 21/2 hours to do the 13 miles’.9 Both men also took an interest in the indigenous population. Neville Fraser’s party had a spear-throwing competition with some of the Aboriginal men at Hermannsburg.10 At Mataranka in the Northern Territory they found some Aboriginal children ‘blowing on a long hollow pipe or reed [making] a deep booming sound — Didgerydoo’ [sic].11 The Hermannsburg Mission provided Clockwise from top left: ‘Lady Stradbroke and friend’, 1924, photographer Neville Fraser; ‘Lewie’, 1924, photographer many opportunities for taking unknown; ‘Hermannsburg’, 1924, photographer Essington Lewis; ‘Track to Palm Valley’, 1924, photographs. The arrival of Neville photographer Essington Lewis; Lord Stradbroke and a magnetic ant hill, 1924, photographer Fraser’s group caused a ‘bit of a stir’. Lewis’ Neville Fraser. group treated the children of the mission to ‘motor joy rides’.12 These journeys are just two examples Notes of a move to more adventurous forms of 1 Richard White, On Holidays: A History of 6 John Neville Fraser, ‘Oodnadatta to Katherine’, tourism between the wars. Lewis and Getting Away in Australia. North Melbourne: typescript, 12 pages, Accession 107/69, 18 July Fraser’s accounts are more than just Griffin, 2005, p. 97. 1924. 2 Essington Lewis, Oodnadatta to Darwin, 7 Essington Lewis, ‘The Overland Trip: Adelaide travelogues; they reveal changing photograph album, 1924, Accession 92/47; to Darwin’, typescript, 33 pages, Accession concepts of travel and holiday-making John Neville Fraser, Oodnadatta to Katherine, 92/47, 12 June 1924, p. 16. and the gradual opening up of the photograph album, 1924, Accession 107/69, 8 Fraser, ‘Oodnadatta to Katherine’, 10 August P/A 118. Australian outback. Each journey was 1924. 3 Geoffrey Blainey, The Steel Master: A Life of 9 Lewis, ‘Overland Trip’, 12 June 1924, p. 14. certainly an exhibition of driving, Essington Lewis. Melbourne: Macmillan, 1971, 10 Fraser, ‘Oodnadatta to Katherine’, 8 August but each was also an exhibition of the p. 92. 1924. enterprising spirits of the men behind 4 ‘Central Australia: Three Parties Leave 11 Fraser, ‘Oodnadatta to Katherine’, 18 August Adelaide’, Argus, 18 July 1924, p. 10. them. 1924. 5 ‘Direct to Darwin through Central Australia’, 12 Lewis, ‘Overland Trip’, p. 14. Dr Caitlin Stone, Argus, 15 July 1924, p. 11. Curator, Malcolm Fraser Collection, UMA 2 UMA Bulletin, No. 23, July 2008 In the Freezer at the UMA: Preserving Nitrate and Acetate Negative Collections he UMA, like many negative can be as high as cultural institutions, 3,500 years. Since the early Tholds collections of 1970s cultural institutions cellulose nitrate and cellulose around the world have been acetate plastic photographic utilising cold storage for negatives that pose special preservation. problems for preservation and The implementation of storage. Both these formats cold storage at the UMA has are subject to deterioration been a long-held aim of the that can result in the eventual collection management team loss of the original image. and a recent conservation Cellulose nitrate flexible grant from the University’s plastic negatives were first Cultural Collections Com- Above: Jason Benjamin checking introduced by Eastman Kodak mittee has finally allowed this the humidity strip attached to one in the late 1880s and were aim to be realised. The grant of the cold storage test samples. widely used by many has enabled the purchase of two upright domestic freezers Right: The components required photographers. However, the for the CMI cold storage system, highly flammable nature of which will be used, along with including zip-lock bags, desiccated nitrate and its tendency to the Critical Moisture Indicator card, humidity strips and the rapidly deteriorate when kept (CMI) packaging method, to negatives to be frozen. in inappropriate storage store the UMA’s negative Photos by Lindsay Howe conditions resulted in it being collections. largely phased out for use in The CMI packaging negatives by the mid-1930s. method was developed by will indicate that there is a Construction Company Cellulose acetate ‘safety’ film Mark McCormick-Goodhart problem with the outer bag collection of 250 images was introduced as a less at the Smithsonian Institution, before the negatives in the from the late 1890s and early flammable replacement for Washington D.C., in the inner bag are adversely 1900s. As cold storage will nitrate in the 1920s; however early 1990s as an affordable affected. Trials are currently make these collections less by the late 1950s it also was cold storage alternative for underway testing this method physically accessible an found to be relatively unstable cultural institutions without at the UMA until the end important part of implement- and subject to deterioration. the resources to install large of July. ation has been the complete The instability of these humidity controlled cool The first two negative digitisation of all negatives two materials pose a major rooms for their collections. collections that will benefit prior to freezing for reference concern as most historically The method involves sealing from cold storage at UMA and reproduction purposes. significant films and negatives the negatives to be frozen in will be the Doris McKellar predating 1960 are on either a polyethylene zip-lock bag collection of 500 images which is then sealed into a dating from the first world Jason Benjamin, nitrate or acetate. Fortunately, Acting Coordinator, however, a partial solution to second zip-lock bag along war period and the Reinforced Conservation Programs, this issue was discovered when with desiccated acid-free Concrete and Monier Pipe Cultural Collections Group it was found that low card and a critical moisture temperatures significantly indicator; the latter is a strip slow down the deterioration of blotter paper imbibed with of both formats.
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