DOCSLIB.ORG

The Home Mission Work of the Evangelical Lutheran Synodical

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Home Mission Work of the Evangelical Lutheran Synodical Concordia Seminary - Saint Louis Scholarly Resources from Concordia Seminary Doctor of Theology Dissertation Concordia Seminary Scholarship 5-1-1991 The omeH Mission Work of the Evangelical Lutheran Synodical Conference: A Description and Evaluation George Gude Concordia Seminary, St. Louis, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://scholar.csl.edu/thd Part of the History of Christianity Commons, and the Missions and World Christianity Commons Recommended Citation Gude, George, "The omeH Mission Work of the Evangelical Lutheran Synodical Conference: A Description and Evaluation" (1991). Doctor of Theology Dissertation. 10. http://scholar.csl.edu/thd/10 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Concordia Seminary Scholarship at Scholarly Resources from Concordia Seminary. It has been accepted for inclusion in Doctor of Theology Dissertation by an authorized administrator of Scholarly Resources from Concordia Seminary. For more information, please contact [email protected]. TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION. Chapter I. THE EVANGELICAL LUTHERAN SYNODICAL CONFERENCE GROPES TO HEED JESUS' GREAT COMMISSION. • • • • • • 8 Historical Background ••••••••••••• 8 Synodical Conference Attempts at Joint Work. 10 Joint Educational L~stitutions •••• 16 The Freedmen of the South. 18 Conclusion •••••••• 24 II. THE DEVELOPMENT AND CONDUCT OF THE SYNODICAL CONFERENCE BLACK MISSION •••••••••• 26 The First Stages of the Mission Development. 26 Factors Hampering the Mission's Growth •• 29 Four Significant Facts. • • • • • • • • • 33 North Carolina Becomes the Dominant Mission Field. 36 Black Lutherans Influence the Growth •••••••• 39 The Obstacle of Prejudice and Segregation 42 Finding Funds for the Mission 46 An Emerging Authoritarianism. 48 The Beginning of Organizations in the Black Mission. • • • • • ••• 50 Education •••••••••••• 52 Expansion into Alabama ••••••• 54 A.~d All Points Beyond - Expansion/ Change/ Tension. 59 Migration's Impact - A Changing Situation ••••• 59 A Changing Role for the Day School. • • •••• 62 The Nature of the Supervision ••••••••••• 64 Absolute Control Over the Work of the Mission. 65 Control over the Person of the Worker. 70 The Worker as a Pawn ••• 74 Gross Insensitivity •••• 76 Pressure Changes the Tone 79 Infallibility? •••• 81 Them and Us. • • • • • • • • ••• 83 The Manner of Supervision Changes • • ••• 84 The Impact of Racism in the Spread of Black Missions. 87 The End of the Synodical Conference Black Mission. 90 Conclusion 91 III. TRAINING BLACK WORKERS FOR THE MISSION. 93 A Hesitant Beginni:.ig • ·• • • • ••• 93 Black Institutions of Higher Learning •• 98 A New Direct ion • • • • • • • • • • 100 ii Luther College •••••••••• . 103 Immanuel College • • • • • • • • 107 Saga of Immanuel College •• 108 Why Did Immanuel Close? 122 Alabama Lutheran Academy •••• 131 A Desire for A.~other Way • 137 Conclusions ••••• 144 IV. THE STRUGGLE TO BECOME A "CHURCH". 147 A Church in a Vacuum 147 Incessant Pressure for Affiliation •••••••••• 148 The 1938 Proposed Constitution and Reactions to It 160 Continued Pressure • • • • • • • • • ••• 171 Achieving the Solution •••••• 173 The Report of the Survey Committee •• 174 The 1944 Constitution Proposal. 177 A Changing Point of View in the Black Churches. 186 1946 Resolution •••••••••••••••••• 190 The Process of Amalgamation •• 193 Conclusions •••••••••• . 203 v. THE FACTORS OF RACISM AND AUTHORITARIANISM IN THE WORK OF THE EVANGELICAL LUTHERAN SYNODICAL CONFERENCE. 206 The Attitude of Racism ••••••• 206 Racism of the Leaders. • • • • • • • • •••• 208 Fostering Racist Attitudes within the Church •••• 217 Racism in the Congregations • • • • ••• 225 The Practical Effects of Racism in the Mission. 230 An Attempt at the Theological Validation of Racism. 237 Efforts to Eradicate Racism •• 245 Conclusions •••••••••• 248 The Attitude of Authoritarianism 248 Definition ••••• 249 Authoritarianism in the Synodical Conference. 249 Conclusion. • • • • • ••• 252 POSTSCRIPT - CONCLUDING THOUGHTS. 255 Lack of Strategy •• 255 Segregation/ Racism. 257 Relation between Board and Workers •••••• 258 Factors Outside of the Synodical Conference •• 258 Nature of the Synodical Conference Itself ••• 259 Conclusions ••••••••••••••••• 261 Appe!'ldix A. Ohio Synod, 1818 ••• 264 B. Illinois Synod, 1846. 267 c. Missouri Synod, 1847. 270 D. Wisconsin Synod, 1850. 274 iii E. Norwegian Synod, 1853. 277 F. Minnesota Synod, 1860 ••• 280 G. English Synod, 1888 ••••• . 282 H. Michigan Synod, 1860 ••• 287 I. Slovak Synod, 1902 ••• 290 J. The Process of Formation •• 292 K. Divisions within the Synodical Conference ••• 297 L. The Status of Blacks - 1878-1960 ••••••••• 301 Reconstruction and Its Aftermath ••••••• 301 A New Emphasis ••••••••••••••• 307 Between the World Wars • • • • • • • ••• 309 The Tide for Change •• 310 BIBLIOGRAPHY ••••••• . 315 iv INTRODUCTION The Eva:1gelical Luthera:1 Sy:1odical Co:1ference of North America 1 prese:1ts a complex picture. It bega:1 as an expression of the doctri:1al u:1ity which existed amo:1g its co:1stitue:1t sy:1ods. I:1 his presi de:1 tial address to the 1946 conventio:i of the Sy:iodical Confere:ice , Pastor E. Be:ijamrn Schlueter2 rem1:1ded the delegates of the dual purpose of the Sy:1odical Co:1fere:1ce by quot1:1g portio:1s of Dr. C. F. W. Walther' s sermo:1 preached at the ope:ii:ig of the first co:1ve:1ti.o:1 of the Synodical Co:1fere:1ce i:i 1872 . He poi:1ted out how Walther had said that the Sy:iodical Co:1fere:1ce was to be a mea:1s to assist its co:1stitue:1t sy:1ods i:1 mai:1tai:1i:1g their fa i. thful'.1ess to the Scriptures and the Lu thera:1 Co:1fessio:1s . It was also to have as the fi:1al purpose of its joi:1t work the savi:1g of souls , 3 To e:1able the Sy:iodical Co:1fere:1ce to fu:ictio:i as a:1 age:1t to help preserve the orthodoxy of its co:1stitue:1t sy:iods, doctri:ial essays were prese:ited at its co:1ve:1ti.o:1s a:1d the actions a:id essays of the i:1di.vidual sy:1ods were give:i a thorough scruti:1y by review committees a ppoi:1ted at 1Hereafter it will be designated as the Sy:1odical Con fere:ice . 2Edwi:i Albert Be:1jami:1 Schlueter (1880- 1952) of the Wisco:isi:1 Sy:iod was elected preside:it of the Sy:1odical Conference in 1944 . He was at this time also the pastor of Gr ace Lutheran Church i:1 Oshkosh , Wisco:isi:1 . 3proceedi:igs of the Thirt y- Ni:ith Conve:iti.on of the Eva:igeli.cal Luthera:i Sy:1odical Confere:1ce of North America Assembled at Milwaukee, Wi sco:1si:1 August 6- 9, 1946, (St. Louis, Mo.: Co:1cordia Publishi:1g House , 1947), pp . 7- 8. 2 each Synodical Conference convention. Yet in spite of all these efforts, in the end the Synodical Conference disintegrated in doctrinal strife.4 In making its effort to ensure doctrinal orthodoxy, the Synodical Conference did not neglect the goal of saving souls. The scope of this dissertation is to describe, analyze, and evaluate the home mission work5 of the Evangelical Lutheran Synodical Conference, which was a mission to Afro-Americans.6 The purpose is to expose the various factors which impacted this mission work and either helped or hampered its success. As a result of the study, it is the hope of the author that the church will learn from its past and manage to put fewer obstacles in the path of the Gospel it proclaims. In making this study of the black mission work of the Synodical Conference, it became apparent to the author that the two theological disputes which disrupted the Synodical Conference, the Predestinarian Controversy of the 1880s and the fellowship dispute which began in 1938, 4For an account and evaluation of the process of disintegration see George J. Gude, "A Description and Evaluation of the Pressures and Difficulties within the Synodical Conference which Led to Its Destruction," (STM Thesis, Concordia Seminary, St. Louis. Mo., 1986). 5The terms home or inner missions were used interchangeably in the sources to describe the mission work that was done within the United States, in contrast to the mission work that was done in a foreign country. Beginning in 1935/1936 the Synodical Conference also conducted mission work in Nigeria. The history of the foreign mission work of the Synodical Conference has yet to be given scholarly treatment. 6It must be remembered that the individual synods were also conducting various types of mission work on their own throughout the period. This dissertation deals only with that which was done by the Synodical Conference itself. 3 had little impact on its black missio!l work. 7 There appear to be two reasons for this. The first was timing. The Predestinarian Controversy occurred just as the missio!l to the Afro-Americans was beginning, and the mission was still tiny. While it was true that the first missionary, Rev. Joh!l F. Doescher, sided with the opponents of C. F. W. Walther and left the Missouri Synod, Doescher had by that time already taken a call out of the black mission. L~ the case of the Fellowship Co!ltroversy, by the time the majority of the heat was generated by this controversy, the process of amalgamating the black congregations into the existing sy!lods, begun in 1946, was already well underway. The second reason that these theological controversies had so little impact on the Synodical Conference mission work was the integral relationship between the black missio!l a!ld the Lutheran Church-Missouri Synod. There were several aspects to this relationship. The vast majority of the white workers, including both pastors and professors, were from the Missouri Synod and would naturally have been sympathetic to its position. Since these men from the Missouri Synod were the ones who taught in the educational institutions which provided trai!ling for the black workers, it was natural that the black pastors also would favor the Missouri position. Fi!lally, the Missouri Synod provided over eighty percent of the funds for the black mission.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Biography of CFW Walther
    January 2011 Newsletter Article – Biography of CFW Walther “Remember your leaders who spoke the word of God to you. Consider the outcome of their way of life and imitate their faith. (Hebrews 13:7) 2011 is the two-hundredth anniversary of the birth of Carl Ferdinand Wilhelm Walther (October 25, 1811 – May 7, 1887) He was the first president of the Lutheran Church - Missouri Synod and is still the most influential pastor and theologian of our church body. This year I will be dedicating each of my newsletter articles to some aspect of his life and/or teaching. There is still much that Walther has to say to us today, even 200 years after his birth. CFW Walther was born in the village of Langenchursdorf in a part of Germany known as Saxony. His father and grandfather were pastors in Langenchursdorf, and his great grandfather was also a pastor. His childhood built a foundation of faith in God’s grace and mercy in Jesus Christ. At the age of three his father gave him a three-penny piece for learning this hymn verse: Jesus, thy blood and righteousness My beauty are, my glorious dress; Wherin before my God I’ll stand When I shall reach the heavenly land.1 Ferdinand went off to boarding school as a young boy. During that time Rationalism was broadly accepted in the German lands. He was taught that the Bible could not be trusted and that Christianity was nothing more than simple moralistic teachings. He would later recall, “I was eighteen years old when I left the Gymnasium (high school), and I had never heard a sentence taken from the Word of God out of a believing mouth.
    [Show full text]
  • LUTHERAN PIONEERS. Our Pilgrim Fathers
    I LUTHERAN PIONEERS. I. I Our Pilgrim Fathers. II The Story of the Saxon Emigration of 1838. Retold Mainly in the Words of the Emigrants, and Illustrated from Original Documents Related to the Emigration. By II TH. \GRAEBNER, 1, Concordia--- Seminary, St. Loui1. ST. Loms, Mo. CONCORDIA PUilLISHING HOUSE, 1919. Dr. c. F . W. Walthe1·. Portrnlt mndc In 1857. [2] · ~9 CZ~ .., , f + ex ~r( / 1-1 '/ (.. /l J 1. P repf1rations. \. • J In the hotel "City of Hull" in Bremen, Germany, two strangers applied for lodgings, July 14, 1838. They entered their names upon the register, the one in n strong, flowing hand: "Ad. 1\forbach, Dresden," the other, in more delicate letters, "II. E. Fischer, merchant, Dresden." The "City of Hull" was one of the better class of hotels in the great harbor city. From a receipted bill which is still preserved, we' learn that the iwo guests of July H paid the sum of six Ileichstnler for lodgings, a compnratiYcly high amount for those days. "Thank God, a start has been made !" - ihis thought was uppermost in the minds of the two strangers from Dresden when they composed their members for sleep on that night in 1838. "A beginning has been made, the ships arc chartered; R ecord of R ev. X eyl's P ayment into the General F und. Pholoi:rnph or o rlglnnl ~nlry. praise be to God, the faithful Church of the Lutheran confession may build a new home beyond the seas!" For the story which our little book intends to recall to memory, the \'isit of Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • P.4 Walther and the Formation of the Lutheran Church—Missouri Synod - P.7 C
    For the LIFE of the WOROctober 2003. Volume Seven, Num LDber Four Walther as Churchman - p.4 Walther and the Formation of The Lutheran Church—Missouri Synod - p.7 C. F. W. Walther—Pastor and Preacher - p.10 Called to Serve - p. 14 FROM THE PRES IDENT Dear Friends of Concordia Theological Seminary: For All the Saints Who Have Gone Before Us—C. F. W. Walther “ have been reminded of your sincere faith, which first lived in ages. Already in his university training in Germany he resisted Iyour grandmother Lois and in your mother Eunice and, I am the pervasive influences of rationalism. His classic treatise on persuaded, now lives in you also.” 2 Timothy 1:5 “The Proper Distinction Between Law and Gospel” and his work One of the beauties of the Christian church is its continuity on “Church and Ministry” have guided generations of Lutheran across generations. Already in Sacred Scripture Abraham, pastors. Less well known, but a tribute to Walther’s balance and Pastoral Theology Moses, David, Hannah, Esther, and numerous others are recom - deeply pastoral wisdom, is his . In the com - Pastoral Theology mended as models for faith and life. This continuity of the plete German version of , the breadth of church’s confession is attested by Paul’s journey to confer with Walther’s knowledge is evidenced as well as his commitment to St. Peter: “Then after three years, I went up to Jerusalem to get apply that theology to the life of the church. Encyclopedia of the Lutheran Church acquainted with Peter and stayed with him fifteen days” (Gala - In the , Vol.
    [Show full text]
  • J. G. Scheibel Und Seine Auswirkungen Auf Den Lutherischen Konfessionalismus in Sachsen
    GOTTFRIED HERRMANN J. G. Scheibel und seine Auswirkungen auf den lutherischen Konfessionalismus in Sachsen (Vortrag in Oberursel 1984) 1. Einleitung Über J. G. Scheibel und seine Bedeutung für die lutherische Kirche ist schon viel geschrieben worden. Vor allem seine Verdienste um die Anfange der altlutherischen Bewegung in Schlesien haben eine ausführliche Würdigung erfahren.1 Weniger Be- achtung fanden demgegenüher die Jahre seines Exils, die ja immerhin einen Zeit- raum von elf Jahren innerhalb seines 60jährigen Lebens umfassen. Aus diesen elf Exilsjahren möchte ich nur die ersten sieben herausgreifen, die Scheibel in Sachsen verbrachte. Ich tue dies aus zwei Gründen: Zum einen, weil ich selbst Sachse bin und mir die Nürnberger Quellen unter den gegenwärtigen staatlichen Verhältnissen schwer zu- gänglich sind; zum anderen, weil Scheibel, als er 1839 nach Nürnberg weiterzog, ein gesundheitlich bereits schwer angeschlagener Mann war. Die Arbeitsintensität seiner ersten Exilsjahre hat er in Bayern nicht mehr annähernd erreicht. So kommt seinen Jahren in Sachsen nicht nur zahlenmäßig, sondern auch inhaltlich deutlich das Hauptgewicht während der Exilszeit zu. - An seiner Wirksamkeit in Sachsen lässt sich aufweisen, daß sich Scheibe! nicht nur um die lutherische Kirche in Preußen bleibende Verdienste erworben hat, sondern auch der gesamten lutherischen Kirche Deutschlands entscheidende Impulse vermittelte. Die Wirkung seines Auftretens soll im Folgenden beispielhaft an der Entwicklung des lutherischen Konfessionalismus in Sachsen demonstriert werden. Vorausgeschickt werden muss an dieser Stelle noch eine begriffliche Klärung. Das Wort "Konfessionalismus" hat in den letzten 150 Jahren einen Bedeutungswandel durchlaufen. Heute wird es gewöhnlich abwertend gebraucht im Sinne eines "über- triebenen Wertlegens auf Wahrung der kirchlichen Eigenart".2 Im Folgenden soll un- ter "Konfessionalismus" aber verstanden werden, was ursprünglich Bedeutung dieses Begriffes war, als er in der ersten Hälfte des 19.
    [Show full text]
  • The Word-Of-God Conflict in the Lutheran Church Missouri Synod in the 20Th Century
    Luther Seminary Digital Commons @ Luther Seminary Master of Theology Theses Student Theses Spring 2018 The Word-of-God Conflict in the utherL an Church Missouri Synod in the 20th Century Donn Wilson Luther Seminary Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.luthersem.edu/mth_theses Part of the Christian Denominations and Sects Commons, and the History of Christianity Commons Recommended Citation Wilson, Donn, "The Word-of-God Conflict in the utherL an Church Missouri Synod in the 20th Century" (2018). Master of Theology Theses. 10. https://digitalcommons.luthersem.edu/mth_theses/10 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Theses at Digital Commons @ Luther Seminary. It has been accepted for inclusion in Master of Theology Theses by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ Luther Seminary. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. THE WORD-OF-GOD CONFLICT IN THE LUTHERAN CHURCH MISSOURI SYNOD IN THE 20TH CENTURY by DONN WILSON A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Luther Seminary In Partial Fulfillment, of The Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF THEOLOGY THESIS ADVISER: DR. MARY JANE HAEMIG ST. PAUL, MINNESOTA 2018 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Dr. Mary Jane Haemig has been very helpful in providing input on the writing of my thesis and posing critical questions. Several years ago, she guided my independent study of “Lutheran Orthodoxy 1580-1675,” which was my first introduction to this material. The two trips to Wittenberg over the January terms (2014 and 2016) and course on “Luther as Pastor” were very good introductions to Luther on-site.
    [Show full text]
  • 2015 Issues, Etc. Reformation Week, Challenges to Lutheranism
    TRANSCRIPT Rev. Todd Wilken, Host + + + + + 2015 Issues, Etc. Reformation Week “Challenges to Lutheranism: Unionism" Guest: Rev. Dr. Matthew C. Harrison President, Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod Translator, Church Order by Martin Chemnitz & Jacob Andreae Wednesday, October 28, 2015 + + + + + WILKEN: Have you ever wondered why it is Lutherans have often said no, when so that historically, those who are advocates of many others have said “Why yes, of the Lutheran Reformation have not been course.” One of the constant lures to really big on compromise? Now, you might Lutheran theology, historically, has been think that it’s just an artifact of our historical something called unionism. It’s one of the roots: that we came from a stubborn people challenges to Lutheranism, and during this or something like that. That’s not really it. Issues, Etc. Reformation Week, on this We might have been a stubborn people, but Wednesday afternoon, October the 28th, that’s not really the reason why Lutheran we’re going to talk about it, past and theology and practice is an uncompromising present, with Pastor Matt Harrison, thing. Why, in matters of the truth and President of the Lutheran Church–Missouri where the truth touches upon practice, Synod. He’s also author and translator of Issues, Etc. Transcript – “2015 Reformation Week: Challenges to Lutheranism: Unionism” – page 1 several books, including his latest, Church outside of St. Mary’s – that is, in Wittenberg, Order by Martin Chemnitz and Jacob in Luther’s church – and when you view the Andreae. Matt, welcome back to Issues, exterior, a lot of the images and statuary on Etc.
    [Show full text]
  • Jesus Thy Blood and Righteousness My Beauty Are My Glorious Dress
    Jesus Thy Blood and Righteousness My Beauty Are My Glorious Dress A Series of Newsletter Articles written for the Bicentennial of the Birth of Carl Ferdinand Wilhelm Walther 1811-1887 by Pastor Don Hougard Benediction Lutheran Church Milwaukee, WI January 2011 Newsletter Article – Biography of CFW Walther “Remember your leaders who spoke the word of God to you. Consider the outcome of their way of life and imitate their faith. (Hebrews 13:7) 2011 is the two-hundredth anniversary of the birth of Carl Ferdinand Wilhelm Walther (October 25, 1811 – May 7, 1887) He was the first president of the Lutheran Church - Missouri Synod and is still the most influential pastor and theologian of our church body. This year I will be dedicating each of my newsletter articles to some aspect of his life and/or teaching. There is still much that Walther has to say to us today, even 200 years after his birth. CFW Walther was born in the village of Langenchursdorf in a part of Germany known as Saxony. His father and grandfather were pastors in Langenchursdorf, and his great grandfather was also a pastor. His childhood built a foundation of faith in God’s grace and mercy in Jesus Christ. At the age of three his father gave him a three-penny piece for learning this hymn verse: Jesus, thy blood and righteousness My beauty are, my glorious dress; Wherin before my God I’ll stand When I shall reach the heavenly land.1 Ferdinand went off to boarding school as a young boy. During that time Rationalism was broadly accepted in the German lands.
    [Show full text]
  • The Election Controversy Among Lutherans in the Twentieth Century: an Examination of the Underlying Problems
    Marquette University e-Publications@Marquette Dissertations, Theses, and Professional Dissertations (1934 -) Projects The Election Controversy Among Lutherans in the Twentieth Century: An Examination of the Underlying Problems John M. Brenner Marquette University Follow this and additional works at: https://epublications.marquette.edu/dissertations_mu Part of the Religion Commons Recommended Citation Brenner, John M., "The Election Controversy Among Lutherans in the Twentieth Century: An Examination of the Underlying Problems" (2012). Dissertations (1934 -). 204. https://epublications.marquette.edu/dissertations_mu/204 THE ELECTION CONTROVERSY AMONG LUTHERANS IN THE TWENTIETH CENTURY: AN EXAMINATION OF THE UNDERLYING PROBLEMS by John M. Brenner, B.A., M.Div. A Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School, Marquette University, In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for The Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Milwaukee, Wisconsin May 2012 ABSTRACT The Election Controversy among Lutherans in the Twentieth Century: An Examination of the Underlying Problems. Author: John M. Brenner The Election Controversy of the nineteenth century re-shaped the face of confessional Lutheranism in America. The Evangelical Lutheran Synodical Conference of North America, the leading voice of confessional Lutheranism in America, bore the brunt of the dispute and ultimately dissolved. This dissertation examines the Election Controversy with special attention to the twentieth century attempts to resolve it in order to discover the underlying problems that have prevented the opposing sides from reaching a resolution. The dissertation is written from the viewpoint of the Wisconsin Synod, one of the synods involved in the controversy but often ignored in the discussion of it. The study is needed because contemporary observers do not have a good understanding of confessional Lutheranism and Lutheranism’s historic emphasis on doctrinal purity.
    [Show full text]
  • UC Santa Barbara Electronic Theses and Dissertations
    UC Santa Barbara UC Santa Barbara Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title The Disenchantment of the World and Ontological Wonder Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5d33r6j4 Author Becker, Martin Stephan Publication Date 2019 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Santa Barbara The Disenchantment of the World and Ontological Wonder A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in Religious Studies by Martin Becker Lorca Committee in charge: Professor Thomas A. Carlson, Chair Professor Elliot R. Wolfson Professor Andrew Norris June 2019 The dissertation of Martin Becker Lorca is approved. ____________________________________________ Elliot R. Wolfson ____________________________________________ Andrew Norris ____________________________________________ Thomas A. Carlson, Committee Chair March 2019 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This dissertation could not have been finished without the help of family and friends, I would like them thank here: In thank my classmates at UCSB, Dusty Hoesly, Michael Kinsella, Matt Robertson and Sohaira Siddiqui, for their intellectual companionship and friendship. For making possible the practice of reflection as a communal enterprise, I thank my friends: Eva Braunstein, Chris Morales, Samantha Kang, Lucas Wright, and Tim Snediker, who gave life to the philosophical group at Santa Barbara. With deep gratitude, for his precious help in editing and in giving essential feedback, I thank my friend Garrett Baer, with whom, in our philosophical walks at Lake Los Carneros (Goleta)—embodying the old peripatetic tradition—let ourselves to philosophize freely and sincerely. For crucial help editing this work, I thank Garrett Baer, Ryan Kelley, Allice Haynes, Kali Handelman, Kevin Johnston, Alexander Cohen, and Arnulf Becker Lorca.
    [Show full text]
  • Overview of the History of the Lutheran Church – Missouri Synod
    Overview of the History of the Lutheran Church – Missouri Synod The 5 W’s of the LCMS Where are we going? • So far… • What is it to be Christian? (as communicated in the Liturgy) • What is it to be a Protestant? (as Luther summarized in the Small Catechism) • What is it to be Lutheran? (as collected in the Book of Concord) • I’ll describe what is it to be Lutheran Church Missouri Synod (as told through the history of the LCMS) • First Class • Lutherans in the New World • Evolution in the Lutheran theology, both in the New World and the Old, and its impact. • How these theologies, and reactions to them prompted the creation of the Lutheran Church Missouri Synod • Second Class • Key personalities in early LCMS • Changes in the LCMS • LCMS Today Early Timeline of Lutherans in America • 1580 The Book of Concord is published • 1614 Dutch establish along the Hudson near present day Albany NY. • 1617 English establish their first colony in present day Virginia • 1620 The English “Pilgrims” establish a colony in present day Massachusetts after they fail to reach the mouth of the Hudson River. • 1624 The first Dutch settlers settle along Long Island Sound • 1637 the Swedes settled the western shore of Delaware They brought the official Swedish state religion of Lutheranism with them. • 1655 the Dutch led by Peter Stuyvesant capture “New Sweden”. Since Calvinism was the predominant church in Holland, Lutherans were generally discriminated against. • 1664 the English capture New Amsterdam and rename it New York. The English King Charles II was a believer in religious tolerance, which resulted in the end of the persecution of the Lutherans.
    [Show full text]
  • Old Lutherans Leave Pomerania, 1835-1854 It Was Thus in the Fall of 1838 That Martin Stephan, Pastor of St
    Old Lutherans Leave Pomerania, 1835-1854 It was thus in the fall of 1838 that Martin Stephan, pastor of St. John’s in Dresden, led Old Lutherans to religious freedom in the United States, arriving 5 January 1839 in New Orleans. They waited for the last of the five ships to arrive until it became apparent Ship Amelia was lost at sea. Most of the remaining 750 immigrants settled in Perry County, Missouri. These congregations become the basis for the formation of The Lutheran Church Missouri Synod. Figure 12. Pastor Other Old Lutherans had left during the 1830s and Martin Stephan led Old 1840s, settling in the densely forested frontier states of Lutheran emigrants to Indiana, Ohio, and Michigan. These congregations Perry County, Missouri, also joined the Missouri Synod. in 1838. Still other Old Lutherans immigrated to Adelaide, South Australia, aboard the Zebra, piloted by Captain Dirk Hahn. Hahn had taken an earlier group of 140 Lutherans to New York 15 September to 10 November 1836. The trip to Australia was a more challenging task. They left Prussia on 22 June 1838, two years later than their original plans, delayed because the Prussian government withdrew their permission to emigrate. A government decree in 1838 allowed emigration only if Old Lutherans were accompanied by a like-minded pastor. The Silesian emigrants were led by Pastor August Ludwig Christian Kavel. They reached Adelaide on 27 December, a journey that included 129 days at sea. Eleven people died during the voyage. Later, in Mom’s stories you will hear of the Gierach family.
    [Show full text]
  • Footnotes Historical
    VOLUME 50 ISSUE 4 Historical Footnotes CONCORDIA HISTORICAL INSTITUTE WINTER 2005 L-R: James & Colleen Rindt (Trinity Ev. Lutheran Church, Sheboygan, Wis.); Samuel L. Hoard; Megan J. Harper; Jean & Karl Barth; Bruce Lucas; Donna & Erhard Stotz (Immanuel Lutheran Church, Monroe, Mich.); Ken Schurb OUTSTANDING CONTRIBUTIONS TO LUTHERAN HISTORY ARE HONORED AT THE 31ST ANNUAL AWARDS BANQUET Individuals and groups from around the world who DR. KARL BARTH of Wauwatosa, Wisconsin, received made significant contributions in 2004 to Lutheran the Distinguished Service Award for service as an history and literature were honored November 3, influential spokesman for American Lutheran history 2005, when Concordia Historical Institute hosted the and for his support of the Institute, especially from 31st annual awards banquet on the Concordia 1982 until the present. From 1982 to 1990 Dr. Barth Seminary campus. was the President of Concordia Seminary at St. Louis, Each year Concordia Historical Institute, the during which time he fostered collegial relations Department of Archives and History of The Lutheran between the seminary and the Institute in many ways. Church Missouri Synod, recognizes individuals, con- From 1994 to 1997 Dr. Barth served as the Director of gregations, agencies, or boards for historical publica- the 150th Anniversary Committee of The Lutheran tions, for unique contributions to Lutheran literature, Church Missouri Synod. In that connection he was or for personal service in the field of Lutheran the narrator for the video titled "Sent Forth by God's archival and historical work. Members of the CHI Blessings," which is an unparalleled documentary of Awards Committee narrowed a large field of nomina- the synod's 150 year history.
    [Show full text]