IN\ Rama and Sita in Roval Dress RAMAYANA KAKAWIN SOEWITO SANTOSO Issued under the auspices of the Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, Singapore and the International Academy of Indian Culture, New Delhi Printed at the Arya Bharati Mudranalaya, New Delhi 110016 Published by Mrs. Sharada Rani, Hauzkhas Enclave, New Delhi 110016 Price: Rs. 600. for vols. 1-3 April 1980 SATA-PITAKA SERIES INDO-ASIAN LITERATURES Volume 251 Reproduced in original scripts and languages Translated, annotated and critically evaluated by specialists of the East and the West Founded by RAGHU VIRA M.A., Ph.D., D. Liu. et Phil < <s 5TdlMd*H The Institute of Southeast Asian Studies Gluny Road, Singapore 10 The Institute of Southeast Asian Studies was established as an autonomous organization in May 1968. It is a regional research centre for scholars and other specialists concerned with modern Southeast Asia. The Institute's research interest is focused on the many-faceted problems of development and moderni- zation, and political and social change in Southeast Asia. The Institute is governed by a twenty-four member Board of Trustees on which are represented the University of Singapore and Nanyang University, appointees from the government, as well as representatives from a broad range of professional and civic organizations and groups. A ten-man Executive Committee oversees day-to-day operations; it is chaired by the Director, the Institute's chief academic and administrative officer. The responsibility for facts and opinions expressed in this publication rests exclusively with the author and his interpretations do not necessarily reflect the views or the policy of the Institute or its supporters- To The memories of Professor Dr R. Ng. Poerbatjaraka —— — TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface and Acknowledgement 1 I. Introduction: a. the text: Kern's text—other mss. — principles of edition and spelling— sarga XXVI-25— the mahatmya—emendations 5 b. principles of translation : principles of Nida and Taber and others—think and feel— translations of other scholars 12 c. date: from Balitun to Hayam Wuruk—RK Ni Nag— RK Panji—RK Kutaramanawa 17 d. authorship: Walmiki—dalari— others 24 e- composition: filing cabinet — rewritten parts — additions 28 II. TEXT AND TRANSLATION Sarga I: in which Dasaratha rules over the kingdom of Ayodhya— Rama and his brothers are born— Wiswamitra asks protection to king Dasaratha 37 Sarga II: in which Rama and Laksmana travel to the hermitage of Wiswamitra- Tataka" is slain — Marica's host is repulsed Rama wins the contest in Mithila— Paras u Rama is subdued 48 Sarga III: in which preparations for the crowning of Rama are made Kekayl foils the plans of Dasaratha— Rama, Slta and Laksmana go into exile —Dasaratha dies of heartbreak and is cremated Bharata searches for his brother— Rama instructs Bharata in the art of ruling the country 68 Sarga IV: in which Rama, Sita and Laksmana arrive at the Dandaka-forest— the demon WirSdha is killed — their stay at the hermitage of priest Sutiksna—Surpanakha falls in love with Laksmana and loses her nose —Khara, Dusana and Trisirah lose their lives in battle subsequently 90 Sarga V: in which Surpanakha reproaches Rawana for his negligent and reports the death of Khara, Dusana and Trisirah, while enticing Rawana to carry away Slta— Mar lea changes himself into a golden deer — Rawana succeeds in abducting Slta 105 Sarga VI: in which JatSyu is slain by Rawana in his attempts to rescue Sita— Rama in despair looks for Slta together with Laksmana— they met Jatayu who tells them about Rawana— they encounter the demon Dirghabahu who proves to be a son — via of the goddess Sri—Dlrghabahu advises Rama to befriend Sugriwa and predicts that Slta will be recovered and the enemy slain— Rama and Laksmana meet the Sabarl-ascetic— Sugriwa sends Hanuman to look for Rama— Hanuman brings Rama and Laksmana to Sugriwa—Rama shows his power by shooting at seven palm-trees with one arrow— Bali is killed in battle the invasion of Lehka is delayed by the rainy-season 128 Sarga VII; in which Rama is haunted by the memory of his wife— Laksmana is sent to summon Sugriwa—Hanuman, Angada and others are sent to the south to look for Slta—the monkey host is tricked by Swayamprabha—Sampati cures the monkeys and shows them the direction— Hanuman prepares to leave for Lenka 173 Sarga VIII: in which Hanuman goes to Lenka by air, killing she-demons obstructing his way—mount Menaka invites Hanuman to rest—Hanuman searches the city of Lenka for Slta—in despair Hanuman goes to the Asoka-garden—Rawana makes another attempt to win Slta—Hanuman reveals himself to Slta as the messenger of Rama— Slta gives a letter and her cudamani to Hanuman for Rama— Hanuman destroys the garden 200 Sarga IX: in which Hanuman kills many demon-soldiers including Aksa, the son of Rawana— Indrajit succeeds to capture Hanuman— Rawana orders Hanuman to be sentenced to death— Wibhisana reminds Rawana, that an envoy may not be killed 252 Sarga X: in which the debate about war and peace between Hanuman and Rawana takes place— Rawana, enraged by Hanuman's insolence, orders Hanuman be killed by fire 274 Sarga XI: in which Lenka is set ablaze by Hanuman—Hanuman took leave from Slta —Hanuman delivers the cudamani and letter to Rama —Rama is afflicted by reading the letter of Slta — the monkey-host departs for Lenka 287 Sarga XII: in which life and love in Lenka. is described— the demon officers prepare themselves for an audience 313 Sarga XIII: in which Rawana asks counsel to his army officers, brothers and elders — Prahasta urges the king to make war— Wibhisana advises the king to make peace with a discourse on — naya, sadguna and jananuraga 330 Sarga XTV: in which SumalT and Kumbhakarna take the side of Wibhisana—Rawana drives away Wibhisana by kicking him in the face 354 Sarga XV: in which Wibhisana defects to Rama's side -Rama, angered by the ocean which forms an obstacle for him, put it in turmoil—Baruna advises Rama to build a causeway across the ocean - the monkeys collect materials 371 Sarga XVI: in which Nala succeeds to construct the causeway— the monkey army crosses the ocean and arrives at Mount Suwela 39Q Sarga XVII: in which Rawana shows Slta. the illusory heads of Rama and Laksmana— Slta wants to die by fire -Trijata" goes to her father and consequently finds out about the truth— Slta brings offerings to Agni, instead of sacrificing herself 402 Sarga XVIII: in which Rawana sends Suka and Sarana to spy on Rama and his troops— they are captured and brought before Rama—they advise Rawana to surrender— Ahgada delivers the ultimatum 435 Sarga XIX: in which both sides make preparations for war clashes between the two armies take place and the battles are described 443 Sarga XX; in which the demons suffer great losses - Indrajit attacks the monkeys including Rama and Laksmana with the snake-arrow—Wibhisana drives Indrajit away— Indrajit reports the defeat of the enemy and orgies are held for celebration 433 Sarga XXI: in which Slta is brought to the battlefield to see Rama and Laksmana in the coil of snakes— Slta laments for the death of Rama and falls unconscious— Trijata laments for Slta— Trijata goes to the battlefield after she obtains a good omen—Wibhisana assures Trijata that everything will be well—Rama listens to the hymns of praise of deities and sages and realizes his divine origin— Garuda frees the monkeys from the snakes —battles ensues —Dhumraksa, Akampana and Prahasta are slain 503 - X is ordered to go to battle- Sarga XXII: in which Kumbhakarna Kumbhakarna he reprimands his brother for his misconduct— by Kumbhakarna, devours the monkeys-Sugrlwa, almost captured 560 succeeds to escape and disfigure Kumbhakarna finally kill Sarga XXIII: in which Rama and Laksmana Kumbhakarna—other sons of Rawana fall in battle — Indr ajit sleep and destroys attacks the monkey army with his spell of Himalayas to them with his arrows—Hanuman is sent to the is restored to power look for herbs— the monkey army together with his seven Indraiit is killed by Laksmana 585 wives battle facing Rama; Sarga XXIV: in which Rawana goes out to by Rawana Laksmana and Wibhls an a—Laksmana is wounded from god and cured by Wibhls ana—Rama obtains a wagon Wibhlsana laments the death Indra—Rawana is finally slain— Wibhlsana and urges him to of his brother— Rama consoles Wibhlsana succeed Rawana as king of Lenka-Rama instructs is cremated— Lenka is restored to in the Astabrata — Rawana the news beauty and welfare by god Indra -Hanuman brings fire of Slta is described— of victory to Slta— the ordeal by about Sita's Siwa and other deities descend to earth to testify to go to Ayodhya faithfulness and purity— Hanuman is ordered of Slta and Laksmana to bring the news of the return Rama, Sugrlwa decide to go along to to Ayodhya-Wibhisana and - 610 Ayodhya* iL everything he sees on the Sarga XXV: in which Rama describes life of yogins and animals in way to Slta, especially about the ° 76 the hermitage of the sage Bharadwaja feast and entertain- Sarga XXVI: in which the re-union is told— take their leave—the ment in Ayodhya is described—the guest 706 mahatmya and the humble apologies of the poet are set forth • 729 translation III. Notes on the IV. Appendixes 820 a) Index of proper names 838 b) Index of subjects 845 c) List of abbreviations 848 Bibliography PREFACE AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENT In a way a preface of a book is a retrospect, and at the end of an under- taking such as the edition and translation of the Ramayana-Kakawin, it is indeed a pleasant retrospect.