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Demography of the Giant Otter (Pteronura Brasiliensis) in Manu National Park, South-Eastern Peru: Implications for Conservation
Demography of the Giant Otter (Pteronura brasiliensis) in Manu National Park, South-Eastern Peru: Implications for Conservation Jessica Groenendijk1,3,5*, Frank Hajek2,5, Paul J. Johnson3, David W. Macdonald3, Jorge Calvimontes4,5, Elke Staib5, Christof Schenck5 1 San Diego Zoo Global Peru, Department of Cusco, Cusco, Peru´, 2 Nature Services Peru, Department of Cusco, Cusco, Peru´, 3 Wildlife Conservation Research Unit, University of Oxford, Abingdon, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom, 4 Environmental Studies and Research Center, University of Campinas, Sa˜o Paulo, Brazil, 5 Frankfurt Zoological Society, Frankfurt, Germany Abstract The giant otter (Pteronura brasiliensis) is an endangered semi-aquatic carnivore of South America. We present findings on the demography of a population inhabiting the floodplain of Manu National Park, south-eastern Peru, arising from 14 annual dry season censuses over a 16 year period. The breeding system of territorial groups, including only a single breeding female with non-reproductive adult ‘helpers’, resulted in a low intrinsic rate of increase (0.03) and a slow recovery from decades of hunting for the pelt trade. This is explained by a combination of factors: (1) physiological traits such as late age at first reproduction and long generation time, (2) a high degree of reproductive skew, (3) small litters produced only once a year, and (4) a 50% mortality between den emergence and age of dispersal, as well as high mortality amongst dispersers (especially males). Female and male giant otters show similar traits with respect to average reproductive life- spans (female 5.4 yrs., male 5.2 yrs.) and average cub productivity (female 6.9, male 6.7 cubs per lifetime); the longest reproductive life spans were 11 and 13 years respectively. -
XIV International Otter Congress Presentations 8-13 April 2019
XIV International Otter Congress Presentations 8-13 April 2019 Presentation Abstracts 1.1 Preliminary results of the first otter survey in Sichuan Tangjiahe National Nature Reserve, China Author(s): Limin Chen1 Ziyu Ma2 Fei Li2 Affiliation(s): 1 Sichuan Tangjiahe National Nature Reserve, China 2 Kadoorie Farm & Botanic Garden, Lam Kam Road, Tai Po, Hong Kong SAR, China Eurasian Otter (Lutra lutra) were once widely distributed in China. But extensive hunting up to the late-20th century decimated their population. Since its establishment in 1978, Tangjiahe National Nature Reserve in northern Sichuan province, Central China put much emphasis on protection and restoration of its natural resources. Otter has not been confirmed in the Reserve for many years, but with a determined anti-poaching effort, the otter population appears to have bounced back, and Tangjiaheis one of the best places in China where Eurasian otters are reliably seen. In April 2018, the reserve set up an otter monitoring team to study the distribution and status of the local otter population. The team interviewed the local communities to collect local ecological knowledge about otters, and conducted 31 transect survey along streams and rivers covering a total of 96 km. The preliminary results of our one-year study found that otters are distributed in the reserve’s two major rivers: Beilu River and Tangjia River. Otter spraints were mostly found at elevation range between 1000m to 2000m. Simple spraint analysis demonstrated that fishes, especially the snow trout Schizothorax -
Giant Mustelids Roamed South Africa 5 Million Years Ago - Study
1 June 2020 Giant mustelids roamed South Africa 5 million years ago - study Over five million years ago wolf-sized otters and leopard-sized relatives of living wolverines (members of the weasel family that look more like badgers than wolves) lived along the West Coast of South Africa. This is according to recent discoveries by scientists at the University of Cape Town (UCT) and Iziko Museums of SA. These animals known as mustelids – a family of carnivorans that include weasels, otters and badgers among others – represent the first mustelid specimens described from Langebaanweg in over 40 years. In an article published in the journal PeerJ, Dr Alberto Valenciano and Dr Romala Govender of UCT’s Department of Biological Sciences, describe the teeth, forelimb and hindlimb skeletons of these giant mustelids: the wolf-sized otter (Sivaonyx hendeyi) and the leopard-sized wolverine (Plesiogulo aff. monspesulanus). “Our work has led to important new data about the locomotion and diet of the rather poorly known giant otter (Sivaonyx hendeyi), that is unique to Langebaanweg. In addition, we confirm that Langebaanweg’s wolverine (Plesiogulo aff. Monspesulanus), is a different species to that of the large bodied Plesiogulo botori from Kenya and Ethiopia,” shared Valenciano. The carnivores at the Langebaanweg fossil locality are quite common and they include a minimum of 20 different species of mustelids, bears, seals, jackals, hyenas, saber-tooth cats, giant civets and mongoose. “We report for the first time the presence of both giant mustelids in the main members at Langebaanweg,” Govender added. The team hypothesises that the wolf-sized otter (Sivaonyx hendeyi), that lived five million years ago, had a role similar to that of the living African clawless otter and the Asian small- clawed otter. -
2004 Federal Register, 69 FR 30715; Centralized Library: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
Federal Register / Vol. 69, No. 104 / Friday, May 28, 2004 / Notices 30715 to conduct certain activities with for the purpose of enhancement of the sport hunted from the Lancaster sound endangered species. This notice is survival of the species. polar bear population in Canada for provided pursuant to Section 10(c) of personal use. PRT–087051 the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as PRT–087099 amended (16 U.S.C. 1531, et seq.). Applicant: Gregory G. Liautaud, Trout Written data, comments, or requests for Valley, IL. Applicant: Terry N. Steinheiser, Butler, copies of these complete applications The applicant requests a permit to PA. should be submitted to the Director import the sport-hunted trophy of one The applicant requests a permit to (address above). male bontebok (Damaliscus pygargus import a polar bear (Ursus maritimus) PRT–072219 pygargus) culled from a captive herd sport hunted from the Lancaster sound maintained under the management polar bear population in Canada for Applicant: Jacksonville Zoological program of the Republic of South Africa, personal use. Society, Jacksonville, FL. for the purpose of enhancement of the Dated: May 14, 2004. The applicant requests a permit to survival of the species. import five giant otter (Pteronura Michael S. Moore, Marine Mammals brasiliensis) from the government of Senior Permit Biologist, Branch of Permits, Guyana, for the purpose of enhancement The public is invited to comment on Division of Management Authority. of the survival of the species through the following applications for a permit [FR Doc. 04–12119 Filed 5–27–04; 8:45 am] captive propagation and conservation to conduct certain activities with marine BILLING CODE 4310–55–P education. -
Downloaded on 10.1515/Mamm.2011.105 15 November 2017
UCLA UCLA Previously Published Works Title Assessing the distribution pattern of otters in four rivers of the Indian Himalayan biodiversity hotspot Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4hr294nh Journal AQUATIC CONSERVATION-MARINE AND FRESHWATER ECOSYSTEMS, 30(3) ISSN 1052-7613 Authors Gupta, Nishikant Tiwari, Varun Everard, Mark et al. Publication Date 2020-03-01 DOI 10.1002/aqc.3284 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California Received: 28 February 2019 Revised: 11 October 2019 Accepted: 25 November 2019 DOI: 10.1002/aqc.3284 RESEARCH ARTICLE Assessing the distribution pattern of otters in four rivers of the Indian Himalayan biodiversity hotspot Nishikant Gupta1 | Varun Tiwari1 | Mark Everard2 | Melissa Savage3 | Syed Ainul Hussain4 | Michael A. Chadwick5 | Jeyaraj Antony Johnson4 | Asghar Nawab6,8 | Vinod K. Belwal7 1International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD), Kathmandu, Nepal Abstract 2University of the West of England (UWE), 1. The Eurasian otter (Lutra lutra), smooth-coated otter (Lutrogale perspicillata), and Bristol, UK Asian small-clawed otter (Aonyx cinereus) have all been reported previously from 3University of California, Los Angeles, California the Indian state of Uttarakhand. However, little information is available about 4Wildlife Institute of India, Chandrabani, their current distribution in a mountainous region that is subject to increasing Uttarakhand, India human-induced stressors (such as hydropower plants, pollution, sand and boulder 5Department -
2019/2117 of 29 November 2019 Amending Council
02019R2117 — EN — 11.12.2019 — 000.001 — 1 This text is meant purely as a documentation tool and has no legal effect. The Union's institutions do not assume any liability for its contents. The authentic versions of the relevant acts, including their preambles, are those published in the Official Journal of the European Union and available in EUR-Lex. Those official texts are directly accessible through the links embedded in this document ►B COMMISSION REGULATION (EU) 2019/2117 of 29 November 2019 amending Council Regulation (EC) No 338/97 on the protection of species of wild fauna and flora by regulating trade therein (OJ L 320, 11.12.2019, p. 13) Corrected by: ►C1 Corrigendum, OJ L 330, 20.12.2019, p. 104 (2019/2117) 02019R2117 — EN — 11.12.2019 — 000.001 — 2 ▼B COMMISSION REGULATION (EU) 2019/2117 of 29 November 2019 amending Council Regulation (EC) No 338/97 on the protection of species of wild fauna and flora by regulating trade therein Article 1 The Annex to Regulation (EC) No 338/97 is replaced by the text set out in the Annex to this Regulation. Article 2 This Regulation shall enter into force on the third day following that of its publication in the Official Journal of the European Union. This Regulation shall be binding in its entirety and directly applicable in all Member States. 02019R2117 — EN — 11.12.2019 — 000.001 — 3 ▼B ANNEX Notes on interpretation of Annexes A, B, C and D 1. Species included in Annexes A, B, C and D are referred to: (a) by the name of the species; or (b) as being all of the species included in a higher taxon or designated part thereof. -
ILLEGAL OTTER TRADE REPORT an Analysis of Seizures in Selected Asian Countries (1980–2015)
TRAFFIC ILLEGAL OTTER TRADE REPORT An analysis of seizures in selected Asian countries (1980–2015) Lalita Gomez, Boyd T. C. Leupen, Meryl Theng, Katrina Fernandez JULY 2016 and Melissa Savage Otter Specialist Group TRAFFIC REPORT TRAFFIC, the wild life trade monitoring net work, is the leading non-governmental organization working globally on trade in wild animals and plants in the context of both biodiversity conservation and sustainable development. TRAFFIC is a strategic alliance of WWF and IUCN. Reprod uction of material appearing in this report requires written permission from the publisher. The designations of geographical entities in this publication, and the presentation of the material, do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of TRAFFIC or its supporting organizations con cern ing the legal status of any country, territory, or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The views of the authors expressed in this publication are those of the writers and do not necessarily reflect those of TRAFFIC, WWF or IUCN. Published by TRAFFIC. Southeast Asia Regional Office Unit 3-2, 1st Floor, Jalan SS23/11 Taman SEA, 47400 Petaling Jaya Selangor, Malaysia Telephone : (603) 7880 3940 Fax : (603) 7882 0171 Copyright of material published in this report is vested in TRAFFIC. © TRAFFIC 2016. ISBN no: 978-983-3393-49-7 UK Registered Charity No. 1076722. Suggested citation: Gomez, L., Leupen, B T.C., Theng, M., Fernandez, K., and Savage, M. 2016. Illegal Otter Trade : An analysis of seizures in selected Asian countries (1980-2015). TRAFFIC. Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia. -
Report Status of Otters in the Sundarbans Tiger Reserve, West
IUCN Otter Spec. Group Bull. 31(2) 2014 R E P O R T STATUS OF OTTERS IN THE SUNDARBANS TIGER RESERVE, WEST BENGAL, INDIA Manas P. MANJREKAR*,1 and Charles Leo PRABU1 *Corresponding author: 303, B-wing, Manorama APT, Gurumandir Rd, Dombivli (East), Dist-Thane, Maharashtra, Pin-421201, India, e-mail: [email protected] 1Wildlife Institute of India, P.O. Box No. 18, Chandrabani, Dehradun, Pin-248001, Uttarakhand, India (Received 14th December 2013, accepted 20th March 2014) Abstract: Sundarbans is the largest mangrove forest in the world comprising a large network of small rivers and innumerable islands. During February 2010 to May 2010 boat transects were carried out in the Sundarbans Tiger Reserve, India to estimate the sign encounter rates of tiger and its prey species. During these transect surveys otter signs and sightings were also recorded. A total of 237.8 km of transect surveys were carried out in which four sightings of smooth coated otter groups were recorded and otter signs at seven different locations (tracks at six locations and a spraint at one location) were recorded on the mud banks of the forested islands. The mean group size of the smooth coated otter groups was 2.75 (S.E. = 0.85, Range = 1-5) and the encounter rate of the otter signs was 0.03/km (S.E. = 0.01). As the speed of the mechanised boat was maintained at 4.5 km/hr it was not possible to identify the species of otter based on the pugmarks on the mud banks. In the past few decades due to the decline in the fresh water flow in the Indian Sundarbans the biodiversity in this region has been affected to a large extent. -
Humbio 18SC Overcoming Challenges Faced by the Giant
Tom Troxel Humbio 18SC Overcoming Challenges Faced by the Giant River Otter of Amazonia Abstract The giant river otter, endemic to South America, is the largest species of otter in the world. The otter was hunted almost to extinction throughout the twentieth century and now is fighting to stay alive in the turbulent ecosystems of Amazonia. Deforestation and water pollution by humans have severely affected the species environment. In addition, local people often hunt and kill the otters for economic reasons or as a result of lack of education. Local people need to be educated and the waterways need to be kept clean if this endangered species is to survive. Since the hunting ban, in areas relatively untouched by human development, giant river otters have been able to mount a comeback and grow back towards the carrying capacity of their ecosystems. Background The giant river otters of the waterways of the Amazon have faced enormous challenges over the course of the last century. Not only has the species been severely overhunted but also their environments have been significantly damaged by human activity. As a result of the tremendous ecological strain on the species the International Union for Conservation of Nature has placed the giant river otter on the endangered list. The organization predicts a fifty percent population drop for the species in the next twenty years (Duplaix 2013). Troxel 2 The Giant River Otter is the largest species of otters in the world. Only found in the waterways of South America these creatures can grow over 6 feet (1.8m) long and weigh 75 pounds (34 kg). -
Mammalian and Avian Diversity of the Rewa Head, Rupununi, Southern Guyana
Biota Neotrop., vol. 11, no. 3 Mammalian and avian diversity of the Rewa Head, Rupununi, Southern Guyana Robert Stuart Alexander Pickles1,2, Niall Patrick McCann1 & Ashley Peregrine Holland1 1Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Regent’s Park, London, NW1 4RY, School of Biosciences,Cardiff University, Museum Avenue, Cardiff, Wales, CF103AX Rupununi River Drifters, Karanambu Ranch, Lethem Post Office, Region 9, Rupununi Guyana 2Corresponding author: Robert Stuart Alexander Pickles, e-mail: [email protected] PICKLES, R.S.A., McCANN, N.P. & HOLLAND, A.L. Mammalian and avian diversity of the Rewa Head, Rupununi, Southern Guyana. Biota Neotrop. 11(3): http://www.biotaneotropica.org.br/v11n3/en/abstract?in ventory+bn00911032011 Abstract: We report the results of a short expedition to the remote headwaters of the River Rewa, a tributary of the River Essequibo in the Rupununi, Southern Guyana. We used a combination of camera trapping, mist netting and spot count surveys to document the mammalian and avian diversity found in the region. We recorded a total of 33 mammal species including all 8 of Guyana’s monkey species as well as threatened species such as lowland tapir (Tapirus terrestris), giant otter (Pteronura brasiliensis) and bush dog (Speothos venaticus). We recorded a minimum population size of 35 giant otters in five packs along the 95 km of river surveyed. In total we observed 193 bird species from 47 families. With the inclusion of Smithsonian Institution data from 2006, the bird species list for the Rewa Head rises to 250 from 54 families. These include 10 Guiana Shield endemics and two species recorded as rare throughout their ranges: the harpy eagle (Harpia harpyja) and crested eagle (Morphnus guianensis). -
Standards for Caniform Sanctuaries
Global Federation of Animal Sanctuaries Standards For Caniform Sanctuaries Version: February, 2018 ©2012 Global Federation of Animal Sanctuaries Global Federation of Animal Sanctuaries – Standards for Caniform Sanctuaries Table of Contents INTRODUCTION...................................................................................................................................... 1 GFAS PRINCIPLES ................................................................................................................................................... 1 ANIMALS COVERED BY THESE STANDARDS ............................................................................................................ 1 STANDARDS UPDATES……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 4 CANIFORM STANDARDS ........................................................................................................................................ 4 CANIFORM HOUSING ............................................................................................................................ 5 H-1. Types of Space and Size ..................................................................................................................................... 5 H-2. Containment ...................................................................................................................................................... 7 H-3. Ground and Plantings ........................................................................................................................................ -
International Giant Otter Studbook Husbandry and Management Information and Guidelines (2005)
International Giant Otter Studbook Husbandry and Management Information and Guidelines (2005) (Husbandry and Management of the Giant Otter (Pteronura brasiliensis), 2nd Edition) Updated December 2004 Compiled and Authored by: Sheila Sykes-Gatz International Giant Otter Studbook Husbandry and Management Information and Guidelines (2005) Husbandry and Management of the Giant Otter (Pteronura brasiliensis) 2nd Edition Updated December 2004 Compiled and Authored by: Sheila Sykes-Gatz (Zoo Dortmund, Germany) E-mail: [email protected] or [email protected] Published by: Zoologischer Garten Dortmund Dr. Frank Brandstätter, Zoo Director Mergelteichstraße 80 44225 Dortmund Germany Phone: 0231 5028581 Fax: 0231 712175 [email protected] Cover Photo: Kerby at Zoo Dortmund.. Photo by Sheila Sykes-Gatz Dear reader, With this, the second and extended edition of the „Husbandry Guidelines” for the Giant Otter, one of the most fascinating species in the world, Sheila Sykes-Gatz is providing us with the most extensive and detailed volume that has ever been written about Giant Otters and their management in captivity. Thus, the information given is essential for anybody interested in Giant Otters. Sheila Sykes-Gatz has not only focussed on the external factors of Giant Otter keeping but has also paid close attention to the “inside” of the animals themselves, trying to examine their basic needs and find out about the factors that are most influential in the lives of Giant Otters. She has accumulated a large amount of biological and ethological knowledge about a species whose future is quite unsure. The Giant Otter is still ranking among the most threatened mammal species in the world.