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EXOTIC SHRUB Spanish Broom

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EXOTIC SHRUB Spanish Broom Report your Plant-out-of-place Plant-out-of-place Plant-out-of-place sighting! Periwinkle Spanish Broom These plant-out-of-place cards were designed to help with the identification of the new invaders of Golden Gate National Recreation Area. If you see any of these plants in the park– LET US KNOW! Send us a picture and description of where you found the plant. If you see these plants—or other unusual plants—growing in the open space lands of the Bay Area, contact the landowner, your county agriculture department or cooperative extension agent, or the CDFA biologist listed on the other side of this card. Working together we can protect the unique natural resources of our area. Bay Area Weed Watchers SFAN I&M, Fort Cronkhite Bldg 1063 Sausalito, CA 94965 (415) 331-0639 (415) 331-5530 www.weedwatcher.org www.sfnps.org/invasive_plants www.parksconservancy.org/volunteer EXOTIC SHRUB EXOTIC HERB Bay Area Spanish Broom Periwinkle Early (Spartium junceum) (Vinca major) Detection Description Description Network Erect plant 10-15 ft tall Mat-forming perennial evergreen vine Golden yellow pea-like flowers 1 in Purple flowers, March to July Bay Area Early Detection long, clustered at branch tips Leaves oval, shiny, dark green, arranged oppositely, 1-3 in long Network (BAEDN) is a partnership Rounded braches have 5 green ridges between regional land managers and Seed pods 2-4 in long, dark brown Stems contain a milky latex sap invasive species experts to coordinate the Habitat early detection of, and rapid response to, Habitat infestations of invasive plant species that Grasslands, agricultural, riparian, and Disturbed areas, roadside, garden are still limited in distribution. A reporting coastal areas waste dump sites, tree-covered tool will be available soon. Can grow in all but waterlogged soils drainages, and creeks www.baedn.org Reproduces from small broken pieces Don’t confuse with… of the stem California Department of Food & Don’t confuse with… Agriculture’s Plant Health and Pest French Broom Prevention Division has district biologists (Genista monspessulana) which has: Creeping St. Johnswort charged with “Protecting California’s Persistent, fuzzy leaves (Aaron’s beard, Hypericum calycinum) agricultural and natural resources against which has: damage caused by exotic plant pests and Smaller pods (1 in long) Yellow flowers diseases.” They are most concerned with or Scotch Broom regulated noxious weeds. Waxy leaves like periwinkle, but clear (Cytisus scoparius) which has: sap For more information visit Sharply angled branches Also a plant-out-of-place www.cdfa.ca.gov/phpps/ipc/ Smaller pods (1-2 in long) encycloweedia/encycloweedia_hp.htm All brooms are plants-out-of-place To report a noxious weed sighting, contact Robin Breckenridge CDFA Biologist 916-718-4432 [email protected] California Invasive Plant Council Periwinkle in flower Creeping St. Johnswort in “[Protects] California’s wildlands through Spanish Broom has round, Scotch Broom has angled research, restoration, and education.” For needle-like branches branches flower additional information on invasive plant Image credits: Front top: Forest & Kim Starr, USGS; Front middle: Image credits: Front top: Kurt Stueber; Front middle/Back: MPF; species, see their website. James H. Miller, USDA Forest Service, www.forestryimages.org; Front bottom: © John M. Randall, The Nature Conservancy Front bottom, back left: Kurt Stueber; Back right: Mercewiki www.cal-ipc.org Plant-out-of-place Plant-out-of-place Plant-out-of-place Stinkweed Klamathweed Pennyroyal EXOTIC HERB EXOTIC HERB EXOTIC HERB Pennyroyal Klamathweed Stinkweed (Mentha pulegium ) (Hypericum perforatum) (Dittrichia graveolens) Description Description Description • Erect perennial 1-3 ft tall • Evergreen plant to 3 ft tall • Perennial mint, low-growing and • Plant woody at base with branches on spreading to upright • Branched from base of plant, upper half of stem “Christmas-tree” growth form • Pink, blue, or violet flowers in dense • Leaves light green, long and narrow, • Small, yellow daisy-like flowers, clusters in a circle around the stem 3/5-1 in long 1/3-2/3 in across • Flowers June – November • Leaves with “perforations:” clear dots • Leaves opposite, round to oval, grey- visible when held to the light • Leaves grey-green and elliptical with serrated edges, 1-4 in long green, covered in short hairs • Bright yellow flowers with black dots at • 4 angled stem the margins • Leaves partially clasp the stalk • Powerful mint odor Habitat • Entire plant is sticky and smells of camphor Habitat • Disturbed areas, roadsides, meadows, pastures, rangelands, and waste Habitat • Disturbed areas, seeps, streamsides, places • Roadsides, pastures, riparian areas vernal pools, marshes, and ditches • Reproduces by seeds and rhizomes Don’t confuse with… • Can reproduce from seeds or small Coast Tarweed root pieces Don’t confuse with… (Madia sativa) which has: Hyssop loosestrife Don’t confuse with… (Lythrum hyssopifolia) which has: • Leaves opposite below, alternate above Coyote Mint • Sprawling growth form • More open growth form (Monardella villosa) which has: • Small pink flowers • Tarry smell • Larger purple flowers at end of stalk Klamathweed Hyssop Loosestrife Pennyroyal flowers Coyote Mint flower Image credits: Front top: © John M. Randall, The Nature Conser- Stinkweed Coast Tarweed vancy; Front middle: Forest & Kim Starr, USGS; Front bottom: © Image credits: Front top: Medical botany by William Woodville. Jackie Miles and Max Campbell; Back left: Eric Coombs, Oregon London, James Phillips, 1793, 1. ed., vol. 3 (pl. 171); Front bottom/ Department of Agriculture, Bugwood.org; Back right: USDA-NRCS Image credits: Andrea Williams, NPS Back left: © Mandy Tu, The Nature Conservancy; Back right: Gary PLANTS Database / Britton, N.L., and A. Brown. 1913. Illustrated A. Monroe @ USDA-NRCS PLANTS Database flora of the northern states and Canada. Vol. 2: 580 Plant-out-of-place Plant-out-of-place Plant-out-of-place Silverleaf Cotoneaster Perennial Veldt Grass Panic Veldt Grass EXOTIC GRASS EXOTIC GRASS EXOTIC SHRUB Panic Veldt Grass Perennial Veldt Grass Silverleaf Cotoneaster (Ehrharta erecta) (Ehrharta calycina) (Cotoneaster pannosa) Description Description Description • Sprawling grass with crabgrass-like • Tussock-forming grass • Evergreen shrub with arching growth form • Flat, green to reddish-purple-tinged branches, up to 6 ½ ft tall • Grows 11-20 in tall leaves, 3-8 in long • ¾-1-in-long leaves, dull gray-green above and felty white beneath • Flat, green to reddish-purple tinged • Leaves wrinkled along blade margin leaves, 2-6 in long • Inflorescence (flowers) 4-6 in long • Small white rose-like flowers with fully opened petals in clusters in the spring • Leaves often wrinkled along blade Habitat • Small deep red berries with 2 stones margin • Prefers sandy soils produced in fall and winter • Auricle (small projection where leaf Habitat meets stem) has long, sparse “eyelash” Don’t confuse with… hairs • Coastal areas, woodlands, shrublands, Panic Veldt Grass grasslands Habitat (Ehrharta erecta) which has: • Along trails, in urban areas, riparian, • Escapes garden cultivation via bird- • Shorter leaves (usually 2-6 in long) coastal habitats, forests dispersed seeds • Sprawling, crabgrass-like growth form Don’t confuse with… Don’t confuse with… • Also a plant-out-of-place Torrey’s Melic Grass Orange Cotoneaster (Melica torreyana) which has: (Cotoneaster franchetii) which has: • More compact inflorescence, often with • Pink- or rose-colored flowers hints of purple • Orange-red berries with 3 stones • No “eyelash” hairs where leaf meets Milkflower Cotoneaster stem (Cotoneaster lacteus) which has: • Larger (1-3-in long) leaves • All are plants-out-of-place Milkflower Cotoneaster (top) with many berries and large leaves; and Tussock growth form Panic Veldt Grass Torrey’s Melic Grass of perennial veldt grass Orange Cotoneaster open infloresence compact infloresences (bottom) with orange- red berries Image credits: Front, top and bottom, Back left: © Jackie Miles and Max Campbell; Front middle: © Joe DiTomaso; Back right: David Amme Image credits: © Jackie Miles and Max Campbell Image credits: Front: Forest and Kim Starr, USGS; Back: Andrea Williams, NPS Plant-out-of-place Plant-out-of-place Plant-out-of-place Purple Foxglove Woolly Distaff Thistle Portuguese Broom EXOTIC SHRUB EXOTIC HERB EXOTIC HERB Portuguese Broom Woolly Distaff Thistle Foxglove (Cytisus striatus) (Carthamus lanatus) (Digitalis purpurea) Description Description • Long-lived shrub 6-9 ft tall • Erect perennial plant that grows to 5 ft • Slender 8- to 10-angled stems • Showy pinkish purple or white bell- • Pale yellow pea-like flowers borne shaped flowers with spots on the inside singularly or in pairs lower portion • Small leaves of 1-3 leaflets • Young plants form a rosette (circular • Mature seed pods fat, densely hairy cluster of leaves) • Branches green when young, turning • 2nd-year plants produce tall stalks of brown with age Description flowers Habitat • Erect annual plant to 3 ft tall Habitat • Coastal prairie, coastal scrub, oak • Yellow flower heads with red veins ¾ in • Moist meadows and roadsides savannah, and open-canopy wide, surrounded by spiny modified • Found in wildflower seed mixes—do woodlands leaves up to 2 in not “dump” these seeds or garden Don’t confuse with… cuttings near wild areas! • Leaves with deep lobes and spines Scotch Broom • Stems single on the bottom half and (Cytisus scoparius) which has: branched on the top • Many dark yellow flowers
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