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One of the Most Important Scleractinian Nourishing Grounds of Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India

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One of the Most Important Scleractinian Nourishing Grounds of Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research 23 (10): 2493-2499, 2015 ISSN 1990-9233 © IDOSI Publications, 2015 DOI: 10.5829/idosi.mejsr.2015.23.10.96215 Rutland Island: One of the Most Important Scleractinian Nourishing Grounds of Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India 11Tamal Mondal, C. Raghunathan and 2K. Venkataraman 1Zoological Survey of India Andaman and Nicobar Regional Centre, Port Blair – 744 102 Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India 2Zoological Survey of India, M-Block, New Alipore. Kolkata-700 053, India Abstract: Labyrinth Islands have been contributing a great deal of faunal and floral lives in total biodiversity of Andaman and Nicobar Islands in due course of time. Rutland Island represents a total 331 species of scleractinian corals out of a total 581 species from Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Though hard corals are reported under 15 families from this island, Acroporidae and Faviidae families represent 51.36% species among them, whereas only 1 species are reported for Astrocoeniidae family. Scleractinians are the building blocks of marine ecosystem. The presence of diversified scleractinian coral under 70 genera describes static variation of hermatypic and ahermatypic corals which leads to support enormous associated faunal communities. The present paper dealt with the diversity of scleractinian species with respect to genus and family in Rutland Island. Key words: Scleractinian Corals Diversity Rutland Island Andaman and Nicobar Islands INTRODUCTION The seas around the islands encounter a great deal of marine organisms with the base of coral reefs as the Being a major part of Labyrinth group of Islands, building blocks. A living coral reef ecosystem is one of Rutland Island lies at the southern region of Andaman the most glorious and fantastic sights on our planet [4]. group separated by Duncan Passage from Little Andaman They are a key part of the natural heritage with a good Island. The island is located in between 11º28’ to11º20’N deal of productivity. The scleractinians of these islands and 92º35 to 92º45E with a total area of 137.2 Km2 and are well distributed as fringing reef [5]. The western areas around 60 km coast line across the Macpherson Strait of this island fall under Mahatma Gandhi Marine National from South Andaman (Fig. 1). The Rutland Island is the Park. The present study was made to quantify the part of the Burma-Andaman-Java subduction complex scleractinian lives on the continental shelf regions of dominantly with rugged terrain. Major tectono- Rutland Island as it is prerequisite for the effective stratigraphic elements in these islands striking N–S are management and conservation of this vast island with approximately analogous to the trend of the Java Trench marine ecosystem. [1-3]. Mount Ford is the highest peak with 435m height. The orientation of mountain and its formation has given MATERIALS AND METHODS rise to convoluted coastline, inlets and bays around this island. There are lots of variation in the slope pattern of The study was conducted at fifteen stations on this island and its continental shelf regions such as the reef areas of Rutland Island from July 2009 to June central potion is in between 0º and 10º, south western is 2014 to explore the scleractinian lives (Fig. 1). Primary in between 10º and 20º, south eastern is in between 10º observations were made by Manta tow study method and 40º, southern is in between 0º and 20º, north western [6, 7]. Line Intercept Transect Method [8, 9] was applied is in between 10º and 20º whereas north eastern is in to measure the live cover percentage of the reef areas of between 25º and 80º. The island is a treasure-trove of Rutland Island. A series of 20 m transects were placed at biodiversity in both terrestrial and marine aspects. random sampling method by Self Contained Underwater Corresponding Author: Tamal Mondal, Zoological Survey of India Andaman and Nicobar Regional Centre, Port Blair – 744 102 Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India. Tel: +91-9433010769. 2493 Middle-East J. Sci. Res., 23 (10): 2493-2499, 2015 Table 1: Continued Sl. No. Family/ Genera/ Species 6. Acropora vaughani Wells, 1954 7. Acropora nasuta (Dana, 1846) 8. Acropora anthocercis (Brook, 1893) 9. Acropora valenciennesi (Milne Edwards and Haime, 1860) 10. Acropora divaricata (Dana, 1846) 11. Acropora striata (Verrill, 1866) 12. Acropora humilis (Dana, 1846) 13. Acropora forskali (Ehrenberg, 1834) 14. Acropora plana Nemenzo, 1967 15. Acropora torresiana Veron, 2000 16. Acropora carduus (Dana, 1846) 17. Acropora pectinata Veron, 2000 18. Acropora insignis Nemenzo, 1967 19. Acropora sqarrosa (Ehrenberg, 1834) 20. Acropora sekiseiensis Veron, 1990 21. Acropora yongei Veron and Wallace, 1984 22. Acropora caroliana Nemenzo, 1976 23. Acropora chesterfieldensis Veron and Wallace, 1984 24. Acropora latistella (Brook, 1891) 25. Acropora polystoma (Brook, 1892) 26. Acropora microclados (Ehrenberg, 1834) 27. Acropora copiosa Nemenzo, 1967 28. Acropora robusta (Dana, 1846) 29. Acropora digitifera (Dana, 1846) 30. Acropora subuata (Dana, 1846) 31. Acropora cophodactyla (Brook, 1892) 32. Acropora horrida (Dana, 1846) 33. Acropora palmerae Wells, 1954 34. Acropora selago (Studer, 1878) 35. Acropora papillare Latypov, 1992 36. Acropora elseyi (Brrok, 1892) Fig. 1: Study areas of Rutland Island andaman and 37. Acropora cerealis (Dana, 1846) 38. Acropora hemprichii (Ehrenberg, 1834) Nicobar Islands 39. Acropora tenuis (Dana, 1845) 40. Acropora bruggemanni (Brook, 1893) Breathing Apparatus (SCUBA) diving and snorkeling 41. Acropora echinata Dana, 1846 42. Acropora exquisita Nemenzo, 1971 during the above said study period. The reef areas are 43. Acropora variolosa (Klunzinger, 1879) around 500m from the shoreline. Digitization of individual 44. Acropora longicyathus (Milne Edwards and Haime, 1860) species was made by underwater camera (Sony-Cyber 45. Acropora massawensis Marenzeller, 1906 46. Acropora monticulosa (Bruggemann, 1879) Shot, Model-T900, marine pack, 12.1 megapixels). Species 47. Acropora rudis (Rehberg, 1892) individual photos were identified in conjunction with 48. Acropora formosa (Dana, 1846) Veron and Pichon [10-12], Veron et al. [13] Veron and 49. Acropora tutuilensis (Hoffmeister, 1925) 50. Acropora loripes (Brook, 1892) Wallace [14], Veron [15] and Wallace [16]. 51. Acropora hyacinthus (Dana, 1846) 52. Acropora natalensis Riegl, 1995 RESULTS 53. Acropora secale (Studer, 1878) 54. Acropora samoensis (Brook, 1891) 55. Acropora pinguis Wells, 1950 With this extensive exploration, 331 species of 56. Acropora florida (Dana, 1846) scleractinian corals, belong to 70 genera and 15 families, 57. Acropora palifera (Lamarck,1816) 58. Acropora cateriformis (Gardiner, 1898) were recorded from Rutland Island (Table 1). 59. Acropora donei Veron and Wallace, 1984 Genus:Montipora de Blainville, 1830 Table 1: Scleractinian corals of Rutland Island 60. Montipora verrucosa (Lamarck, 1816) Sl. No. Family/ Genera/ Species 61. Montipora informis Bernard, 1897 Family: ACROPORIDAE Verrill, 1902 62. Montipora verruculosus Veron, 2000 Genus: Acropora Oken, 1815 63. Montipora meandrina (Ehrenberg, 1834) 1. Acropora gemmifera (Brook, 1896) 64. Montipora florida Nemenzo, 1967 2. Acropora elizabethensis Veron, 2000 65. Montipora vietnemensis Veron, 2000 66. Montipora undata Bernard, 1897 3. Acropora cuneata (Dana, 1846) 67. Montipora turtlensis Veron and Wallace, 1984 4. Acropora granulosa (Milne Edwards and Haime, 1860) 68. Montipora mollis Bernard, 1897 5. Acropora grandis (Brook, 1892) 69. Montipora hispida (Dana, 1846) 2494 Middle-East J. Sci. Res., 23 (10): 2493-2499, 2015 Table 1: Continued Table 1: Continued Sl. No. Family/ Genera/ Species Sl. No. Family/ Genera/ Species 70. Montipora taiwanensis Veron, 2000 120. Pavona calvus (Dana, 1846) 71. Montipora verrilli Vaughan, 1907 121. Pavona venosa (Ehrenberg, 1834) 72. Montipora spumosa (Lamarck, 1816) 122. Pavona decussata (Dana, 1846) 73. Montipora peltiformis Bernard, 1897 123. Pavona diffluens (Lamarck, 1816) 74. Montipora venosa (Ehrenberg, 1834) 124. Pavona varians Verrill, 1864 75. Monntipora caliculata (Dana, 1846) 125. Pavona bipartita Nemenzo, 1980 76. Montipora angulata (Lamarck, 1816) 126. Pavona explanulata (Lamarck, 1816) 77. Montipora grisea Bernard, 1897 Genus:Coeloseris Vaughan,1918 78. Montipora efflorescens Bernard, 1897 127. Coeleseris mayeri Vaughan, 1918 79. Montipora effusa Dana, 1846 Genus:Leptoseris Milne Edwards and Haime,1849 80. Montipora monasteriata (Forskal, 1775) 128. Leptoseris mycetoseroides Wells, 1954 81. Montipora corbettensis Veron and Wallace, 1984 82. Montipora porites Veron, 2000 129. Leptoseris explanata Yaba and Sugiyama, 1941 83. Montipora gaimardi (Bernard, 1897) 130. Leptoseris hawaiensis Vaughan, 1907 131. Leptoseris solida (Quelch, 1886) Genus: Astreoporade Blainville,1830 84. Astreopora myriphthalma (Lamarck, 1816) 132. Leptoseris cuculata (Ellis and Solander, 1786) 85. Astreopora suggesta Wells, 1954 133. Leptoseris incrustans (Quelch, 1886) 86. Astreopora incrustans Bernard, 1896 134. Leptoseris yabei (Pillai and Scheer, 1976) 87. Astreopora ocellata Bernard, 1896 135. Leptoseris striata Fenner and Veron, 2000 88. Astreopora listeri Bernard, 1896 136. Leptoseris foliosa Dinesen, 1980 Family: POCILLOPORIDAE Gray, 1842 Family:ASTROCOENIIDAE Koby, 1890 Genus:Pocillopora Lamarck, 1816 Genus:StylocoeniellaYabe and Sugiyama, 1935 89. Pocillopora damicornis (Linnaeus,1758) 137. Stylocoeniella guentheri Bassett-Smith, 1890 90. Pocillopora eydouxi Milne Edwards and Haime, 1860 Family:FUNGIIDAE Dana,1846 91.
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