DOCSLIB.ORG

Quaternary Glaciation in the Mediterranean Mountains: a New Synthesis

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Quaternary Glaciation in the Mediterranean Mountains: a New Synthesis Downloaded from http://sp.lyellcollection.org/ by guest on September 30, 2021 Quaternary glaciation in the Mediterranean mountains: a new synthesis P. D. HUGHES* & J. C. WOODWARD Geography, School of Environment, Education and Development, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK *Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: The Mediterranean mountains were repeatedly glaciated during the Pleistocene. Gla- ciers were present in most of the major mountains areas from Morocco in the west to the Black Sea coast of Turkey in the east. Some mountains supported extensive ice caps and ice fields with valley glaciers tens of kilometres long. Other massifs sustained only small-scale ice masses, although this was the exception rather than the norm. Glaciers still exist today and there is evidence that small glaciers were a common sight in many regions during the Little Ice Age. The Mediter- ranean mountains are important for palaeoclimate research because of their position in the mid- latitudes and sensitivity to changes in the climate regimes of adjacent areas including the North Atlantic. These mountains are also important areas of biodiversity and long-term biological change through the Quaternary ice age. All of this provided challenges and opportunities for Palaeolithic societies. This paper reviews the history of the study of glaciation in the Mediterranean mountains from pioneer nineteenth century observations through to the detailed geomorphological mapping and advanced geochronological datasets of recent times. We also review the current state of knowl- edge to frame the contributions presented in this volume. Lastly, this new synthesis then identifies outstanding research problems and assesses the prospects for new studies of glaciation in the Med- iterranean mountains. Gold Open Access: This article is published under the terms of the CC-BY 3.0 license The mountains surrounding the Mediterranean Sea immediately to the east of the North Atlantic were repeatedly glaciated during the Quaternary. Ocean and aligned along the low mid-latitudes, Glacial processes have been important agents of the Mediterranean basin is an important corridor long-term landscape modification and classic gla- for westerly atmospheric circulation between the cial scenery has been documented across this region. Sahara Desert and the Alps. Today, moisture-bear- As in other parts of the world, the influence of these ing atmospheric depressions – generated both in glaciers was not confined to the uplands because the North Atlantic Ocean and in the Mediterranean meltwaters carried large volumes of outwash sedi- basin itself – are able to penetrate eastwards to cen- ment through the downstream reaches of river tral Asia. This situation may have been more mar- basins – this glacial signal can be traced to the Med- ked during Pleistocene cold stages at those times iterranean coast and offshore. The geomorphologi- when both the oceanic and atmospheric polar fronts cal and sedimentological record of glaciation in were much further south than today, with the for- these mountains is now providing valuable infor- mer positioned off Iberia in the North Atlantic mation on past climates because the viability of Ocean (Ruddiman & McIntyre 1981; Roucoux glaciers is closely related to atmospheric air temper- et al. 2005). atures and moisture supply. The glacial record can The mountains of the Mediterranean represent be compared with modern climate data to generate dynamic landscape systems that are highly respon- information on the nature of winter moisture sup- sive to climate change (Tzedakis et al. 2004; Regato ply (as snow) and summer temperatures during & Salman 2008; Woodward 2009; Vogiatzakis Pleistocene cold stages. These data usefully com- 2012). There is now a large body of evidence show- plement the rich body of proxy climate data that has ing that the mountainous peninsulas of southern been retrieved from other Mediterranean archives, Europe, as well as the mountains of North Africa, including lake basins, speleothems and the marine hosted biotic refugia during Pleistocene cold stages sedimentary record (Woodward 2009). (Tzedakis 1993; Hewitt 2000). It is mainly from The Mediterranean region is situated in an these refugia in southern Europe that plants and important position for understanding Quaternary animals colonized central and northern Europe dur- climate change in the northern hemisphere. Lying ing interglacials. The presence of glaciers in these From:Hughes,P.D.&Woodward, J. C. (eds) 2017. Quaternary Glaciation in the Mediterranean Mountains. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 433, 1–23. First published online November 4, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP433.14 # 2017 The Author(s). Published by The Geological Society of London. Publishing disclaimer: www.geolsoc.org.uk/pub_ethics Downloaded from http://sp.lyellcollection.org/ by guest on September 30, 2021 2 P. D. HUGHES & J. C. WOODWARD refugial centres during Pleistocene cold stages has (Almagia` 1918; Sestini 1933). The French scholar important implications for moisture supply as well Emmanuel de Martonne was a widely travelled as temperature; large glaciers in the uplands would geographer who undertook glacial research across have limited the availability of ‘temperate’ refugial the Mediterranean and beyond, from Morocco sites in topographically sheltered sites such as valley (Martonne 1924) to Romania (Martonne 1907, floors. Moreover, the association of glaciated 1922). Other key figures who worked across the Mediterranean uplands and their meltwater rivers Mediterranean were: Klebelsberg, who worked in with zones of Palaeolithic human activity and Spain, Italy and Greece (e.g. Klebelsberg 1928, migration routes (Woodward et al. 1995; Gamble 1930, 1931, 1932a, 1932b, 1933–1934); Suter, 1999; Gibert et al. 2003) highlights the importance who worked in Italy (e.g. Suter 1932, 1934); and of understanding environmental conditions in Med- Louis, who worked extensively in the Balkans and iterranean mountain catchments during Pleistocene Turkey (e.g. Louis 1926, 1944). Glacial research cold stages. in the Mediterranean was particularly active in the This introduction provides a critical review of inter-war period between 1920 and 1940 (see current knowledge of glaciation in the Mediterra- reviews in Messerli 1967; Hughes 2012; Ehlers nean mountains from Morocco to Turkey. The et al. 2016). Glacial geomorphological research in aims of this introduction are to: (1) provide the the region once again flourished after the Second background to the history of glacial research in the World War, especially in the 1950s, 1960s and Mediterranean mountains; (2) introduce the papers early 1970s, with notable research in Morocco in this volume; (3) examine the current state of (e.g. Mensching 1953, 1960; Wiche 1953), Monte- knowledge regarding Pleistocene glaciation in the negro (Liedtke 1962) and Greece (e.g. Hagedorn Mediterranean mountains; (4) review the recent 1969), all published in German. and current extent of glaciers in the Mediterranean As is clear from the Foreword to this volume, mountains; and (5) set out a new agenda by discuss- the most intrepid and geographically wide-ranging ing progress, problems and prospects for the study researcher in the two decades after the Second of glaciations in the Mediterranean mountains. World War was the remarkable Swiss scholar Bruno Messerli, who produced important papers on the The glacial pioneers glacial geomorphology of the Sierra Nevada in Spain (Messerli 1965a), Mount Erciyes in Turkey There is a long history of glacial research in the (Messerli 1964, 1965b), the mountains of the Leba- Mediterranean mountains. Some of the earliest non (Messerli 1966) and even the Tibesti Mountains papers on this topic are listed by country and region in Chad (Messerli 1972). Bruno Messerli’s classic in Table 1. By the end of the nineteenth century review of glaciation (Messerli 1967), based on 364 nearly all the Mediterranean mountain ranges were cited publications, was the first to illustrate the full known to have been glaciated in the Pleistocene scope of Pleistocene glacial activity across the entire (Table 1). These early glacial studies involved Mediterranean region. Messerli’s research, how- some of the key figures in geographical research in ever, was followed by a period of relative stagnation the early twentieth century, including Jovan Cvijic´ in the development of ideas and fresh approaches and Albrecht Penck in the lead up to the First that lasted for almost three decades. One reason World War and Emmanuel de Martonne in the for this very limited progress was the difficulty 1920s (Ehlers et al. 2016). Jovan Cvijic´ was one involved in dating glacial deposits and landforms of the first geographers to appreciate the extent of – a problem not restricted to the Mediterranean glaciation in southeast Europe and worked exten- mountains in this period. Mediterranean glacial sively in the Balkans in the late nineteenth and research lost momentum because most of the glaci- early twentieth centuries (Cvijic´ 1899, 1900, 1917 ated areas had been identified and the extent – if not and references cited therein). Albrecht Penck – bet- the age – of glaciation was relatively well known. In ter known for his classic glacial work in the Alps – addition, international research in key parts of the was another of the Mediterranean glacial pioneers; Mediterranean was hampered by political tensions, he worked in the Pyrenees and the Dinaric Alps such as
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Between France and Romania, Between Science and Propaganda
    Between France and Romania, between Science and Propaganda. Emmanuel de Martonne in 1919 Gavin Bowd Abstract: In the aftermath of the Great War, the geographer Emmanuel de Martonne, who began his scientific work in Romania and was a vocal advocate of that country’s intervention in the conflict, placed his knowledge and prestige at the service of redrawing the frontiers of what would become Greater Romania. This article looks at the role of de Martonne as traceur de frontières during the Paris Peace Conference, notably his manipulation of ethnic cartography. At the same time, as this partisan use of “science” shows, de Martonne is also a propagandist for the Romanian cause and post-war French influence. Thus, his confidential reports on the “lost provinces” of Transylvania, Banat, Bessarabia and Dobrogea must be seen in parallel with his published interventions and the place he occupies in a wider Franco- Romanian lobbying network. During the summer of 1919, de Martonne’s participation in a French mission universitaire to Romania plays a diplomatic role at a delicate stage of the Paris negotiations. The fate of his scientific interventions is also subject to the vicissitudes of the war’s aftermath and to the weight of lobbies hostile to Romanian territorial claims, notably on Hungary and Russia, two countries plunged into civil war. The geographer Emmanuel de Martonne, who had been a vocal supporter of Romanian intervention on the side of the Triple Entente and of the creation of a Greater Romania, was not in Europe at the time of the armistice: he was on a mission to the United States from September to December 1918.
    [Show full text]
  • Emmanuel De Martonne, Figure De L'orthodoxie Épistémologique
    Emmanuel de Martonne, figure de l’orthodoxie épistémologique postvidalienne ? Olivier Orain To cite this version: Olivier Orain. Emmanuel de Martonne, figure de l’orthodoxie épistémologique postvidalienne ?. Baudelle (Guy), Ozouf-Marignier (Marie-Vic) & Robic (Marie-Claire). Géographes en pratique (1870- 1945). Le terrain, le livre, la cité, Presses universitaires de Rennes, pp.289-311, 2001, Espace et territoires. halshs-00082202 HAL Id: halshs-00082202 https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00082202 Submitted on 27 Jun 2006 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Emmanuel de Martonne, figure de l’orthodoxie épistémologique postvidalienne ?1 Olivier Orain « Emmanuel de Martonne a [...] joué en France, et aussi dans la géographie mondiale, un rôle très important. En France il fut le « patron » à une époque où, dans les facultés des lettres, on comptait rarement plus d'un professeur de géographie et, plus rarement encore, un assistant, et où les universités ne s'étaient pas multipliées. » Jean Dresch (1975)2 Il est coutumier dans la tradition française d’opérer une équivalence absolue entre géographie « classique » et « vidalienne », suivant une mythologie que les « élèves » du « maître » ont été les premiers à échafauder.
    [Show full text]
  • Emmanuel De Martonne – Moștenirea Știinifică
    Vasile BUDUI Lector univ. dr. Universitatea „Ștefan cel Mare” din Suceava Suceava, România Emmanuel de Martonne – moștenirea științifică Rezumat: Emmanuel Louis Eugène de Martonne (1873-1955) este unul dintre marile nume din paginile de istorie ale geografiei României, deși nu a avut origini românești. Savantul francez, a intrat în rândul cercetătorilor geografi la sfârșitul secolului al XIX- lea, într-o perioadă în care majoritatea științelor Pământului deja afirmate erau în plină dezvoltare metodologică. Marele geograf de mai târziu a urmat cursurile a două specializări universitare la prestigioasa Școală normală superioară din Paris, obținând o licență în istorie și geografie și o a doua în geologie și biologie, și cursurile școlii geografice germane de la Berlin, dobândind destul de timpuriu o pregătire geografică extrem de complexă, în mod deosebit înclinată către geografia fizică. În timpul perioadei pariziene a primit invitația de a vizita România din partea colegului său de facultate, istoricul Pompiliu Eliade, prima vizită în România (1897) fiind momentul din care va deveni un mare iubitor al României. Încă de la începutul carierei sale și-a legat activitatea științifică de spațiul geografic locuit de români, descoperind un teren de studiu extrem de generos, atât din punct de vedere al peisajului natural cât și al contextului social-politic și istoric. Înzestrat cu un simț artistic deosebit și cu o pasiune spre a cunoaște, de Martonne a cercetat cu minuțiozitate areale diverse din România, dorind și reușind să aprofundeze esența proceselor și fenomenelor geografice, depășind nivelul descriptivist al prezentărilor regionale ale vremii. A dezvoltat laboratoare de cercetare geografică în universitățile în care a activat la începutul carierei universitare (Rennes, Lyon) și a introdus excursia ca metodă didactică de aplicare a noțiunilor teoretice dobândite de către studenți; ulterior, 201 Le livre – ressource de créativité et de vitalité a întreprins numeroase excursii geografice cu studenții universității din Cluj-Napoca.
    [Show full text]
  • Recent Publications 1984 — 2017 Issues 1 — 100
    RECENT PUBLICATIONS 1984 — 2017 ISSUES 1 — 100 Recent Publications is a compendium of books and articles on cartography and cartographic subjects that is included in almost every issue of The Portolan. It was compiled by the dedi- cated work of Eric Wolf from 1984-2007 and Joel Kovarsky from 2007-2017. The worldwide cartographic community thanks them greatly. Recent Publications is a resource for anyone interested in the subject matter. Given the dates of original publication, some of the materi- als cited may or may not be currently available. The information provided in this document starts with Portolan issue number 100 and pro- gresses to issue number 1 (in backwards order of publication, i.e. most recent first). To search for a name or a topic or a specific issue, type Ctrl-F for a Windows based device (Command-F for an Apple based device) which will open a small window. Then type in your search query. For a specific issue, type in the symbol # before the number, and for issues 1— 9, insert a zero before the digit. For a specific year, instead of typing in that year, type in a Portolan issue in that year (a more efficient approach). The next page provides a listing of the Portolan issues and their dates of publication. PORTOLAN ISSUE NUMBERS AND PUBLICATIONS DATES Issue # Publication Date Issue # Publication Date 100 Winter 2017 050 Spring 2001 099 Fall 2017 049 Winter 2000-2001 098 Spring 2017 048 Fall 2000 097 Winter 2016 047 Srping 2000 096 Fall 2016 046 Winter 1999-2000 095 Spring 2016 045 Fall 1999 094 Winter 2015 044 Spring
    [Show full text]
  • State Party Report on the State of Conservation of the Ancient and Primeval Beech Forests of the Carpathians and Other Regions of Europe
    COORDINATION OFFICE E.C.O. Institute of Ecology Lakeside B07 b, 9020 Klagenfurt, Austria [email protected] State Party Report on the State of Conservation of the Ancient and Primeval Beech Forests of the Carpathians and Other Regions of Europe submitted by Austria on behalf of the States Parties Albania, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Germany, Italy, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Ukraine Reference Number: 1133ter in response to World Heritage Committee Decisions 42 COM 7B.71 and 43 COM 7B.13 [for submission by 1st February 2020] 1 COORDINATION OFFICE E.C.O. Institute of Ecology Lakeside B07 b, 9020 Klagenfurt, Austria [email protected] Table of contents Glossary ................................................................................................................................................... 5 1 Executive summary of the report .................................................................................................... 8 2 Response to the Decision of the World Heritage Committee ......................................................... 9 2.1 Decision on legal protection status of Slovak component parts and logging in buffer zone (42 COM 7B.71 – 4).................................................................................................................................... 9 2.2 Decision on provision of legal protection on Slovak component parts (42 COM 7B.71 – 5) 10 2.3 Decision on Slovak proposal for boundary modifications (42 COM 7B.71 – 6) .................... 12 2.4 Decision
    [Show full text]
  • Imago Mundi Emmanuel De Martonne and the Ethnographical Cartography of Central Europe (1917-1920)
    This article was downloaded by: [Universitaetsbibliothek Marburg] On: 16 June 2010 Access details: Access Details: [subscription number 916854615] Publisher Routledge Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954 Registered office: Mortimer House, 37- 41 Mortimer Street, London W1T 3JH, UK Imago Mundi Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information: http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/title~content=t713703011 Emmanuel de Martonne and the ethnographical cartography of central Europe (1917-1920) Gilles Palskya a Université Paris-Val de Marne, Paris, France To cite this Article Palsky, Gilles(2002) 'Emmanuel de Martonne and the ethnographical cartography of central Europe (1917-1920)', Imago Mundi, 54: 1, 111 — 119 To link to this Article: DOI: 10.1080/03085690208592961 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03085690208592961 PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR ARTICLE Full terms and conditions of use: http://www.informaworld.com/terms-and-conditions-of-access.pdf This article may be used for research, teaching and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, re-distribution, re-selling, loan or sub-licensing, systematic supply or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden. The publisher does not give any warranty express or implied or make any representation that the contents will be complete or accurate or up to date. The accuracy of any instructions, formulae and drug doses should be independently verified with primary sources. The publisher shall not be liable for any loss, actions, claims, proceedings, demand or costs or damages whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with or arising out of the use of this material.
    [Show full text]
  • The Meaning of Boundaries. the Making of Romano-Hungarian Frontier After the First World War Giuseppe Motta*
    Semestrale di Studi e Ricerche di Geografia DOI: 10.13133/1125-5218.16348 XXXI, 2, 2019, ISSN 1125-5218 pp. 131-148 The Meaning of Boundaries. The Making of Romano-Hungarian Frontier after the First World War Giuseppe Motta* Key words: Transylvania, boundary commissions, World War I 1. Introduction. The European Settlement after World War I The concepts of «boundary» and «boundary-making» include an activity of delimitation and demarcation that is neither the result of geography nor of historical processes and has instead a definite political aspect. Boundaries, considered as imaginary lines dividing two pieces of land from one another, do not always coincide with frontiers, but have to be observed through an interdisciplinary approach, as processes, symbols and social institutions (Oye Cukwurah, 1967; Tambassi, 2018). At the same time, the meaning of borders changes and becomes mobile. Even in a unified Europe, borders are a part of everyday life for more people than even before. Today as well as in the past, borders are both territorial markings of the ambit of State sovereignty or other rule, and an object and a result of continuing social processes as well as the cause of specific social processes (Boesen, 2017, pp. 1-3). Political boundaries are normally defined by way of diplomatic agreements, often following a phase of conflict, for example the Napoleonic Wars or the First World War. After World War I, in particular, the collapse of the multina- tional Empires gave way to a complex re-definition of the European bound- aries, especially in Central-Eastern Europe, where many existing States were enlarged with new territories (Romania, Serbia, Greece), while others gained their independence according to the principle of national self-determination (Poland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia).
    [Show full text]
  • Principes De Géographie Humaine Publiés D'après Les Manuscrits De L'auteur Par Emmanuel De Martonne
    Principes de géographie humaine Publiés d'après les manuscrits de l'auteur par Emmanuel de Martonne Paul Vidal de La Blache DOI : 10.4000/books.enseditions.328 Éditeur : ENS Éditions Lieu d'édition : Lyon Année d'édition : 2015 Date de mise en ligne : 16 mars 2015 Collection : Bibliothèque idéale des sciences sociales ISBN électronique : 9782847886665 http://books.openedition.org Référence électronique VIDAL DE LA BLACHE, Paul. Principes de géographie humaine : Publiés d'après les manuscrits de l'auteur par Emmanuel de Martonne. Nouvelle édition [en ligne]. Lyon : ENS Éditions, 2015 (généré le 03 mai 2019). Disponible sur Internet : <http://books.openedition.org/enseditions/328>. ISBN : 9782847886665. DOI : 10.4000/books.enseditions.328. Ce document a été généré automatiquement le 3 mai 2019. Il est issu d'une numérisation par reconnaissance optique de caractères. © ENS Éditions, 2015 Creative Commons - Attribution - Pas d’Utilisation Commerciale - Pas de Modification 3.0 non transposé - CC BY-NC-ND 3.0 1 Principes de géographie humaine (1922) – œuvre posthume publiée par le gendre et disciple de l'auteur Emmanuel de Martonne à partir du manuscrit inachevé – constitue le testament scientifique de Paul Vidal de La Blache (1845-1918) à qui l'on doit non seulement la refondation épistémologique et méthodologique de la géographie moderne mais aussi son institutionnalisation dans l'Université républicaine qui se met en place en France dans les dernières années du XIXe siècle. Au travers des pages, c'est le projet ambitieux de cette géographie qui se dessine et ses fondements théoriques qui apparaissent. L’ouvrage aujourd’hui réédité s’adresse aussi bien aux géographes curieux de l’histoire de leur discipline qu’aux spécialistes d’histoire des idées intéressés par une pensée singulière, soucieuse de comprendre, à toutes les échelles, les civilisations passées et présentes, les milieux dans lesquels elles se déploient et les paysages qu’elles façonnent.
    [Show full text]
  • Balcanica XLIX (2018)
    https://doi.org/10.2298/BALC1849183T UDC 323.1(=135.1)"19" 323.1(=135.1:=163.41)"19" Original scholarly work Răzvan Theodorescu* http://www.balcanica.rs Romanian Academy International Association of South-East European Studies (AIESEE) Secretary-General What Exactly did Romanian Post-War Nationalism Mean? Abstract: In the last century nationalism as a spiritual element – according to the 1919 state- ment of the historian, archaeologist and philosopher Vasile Pârvan – was a blessed plant grown on Romanian soil during the ’48 revolution, the ’59 union under Prince Cuza, the ’77 war of independence and the preparation of such a national project as the Union with the Romanian Kingdom of several Romanian-speaking provinces dominated by two em- pires – the Austrian and the Russian – epitomized by Transylvania which came finally to the motherland on the 1st of December 1918, the same day when the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes was born. In the nationalism project, the Union Transylvania was a political priority. But we must add immediately that in the events of 1914–1916 in the neighbourhood of Romania a symbol of the national struggle became what Nicolae Iorga, in a famous lecture of 1915, called “the heroic and martyr Serbia”. Keywords: nationalism, Romania, Transylvania, Nicolae Iorga sed for the first time on the 4th of July 1892 by Maurice Barrès in his Uarticle “La querelle des nationalistes et des cosmopolites” in Le Figaro, the word “nationalism” was employed by the interwar and post 1945 dictatorship regimes of Central and Eastern Europe on several occasions in the twentieth century.
    [Show full text]
  • Allegato "A" Manuale: Quadro Di Riferimento Regionale
    “S.A.R.A. Sistema aree regionali ambientali Costituzione Sistema regionale delle aree naturali” MANUALE DI INDIRIZZO PER LA GESTIONE DELLE AREE TUTELATE DEL FRIULI VENEZIA GIULIA ALLEGATO A QUADRO DI RIFERIMENTO REGIONALE Novembre 2008 “S.A.R.A. Sistema aree regionali ambientali Costituzione Sistema regionale delle aree naturali” MANUALE DI INDIRIZZO PER LA GESTIONE DELLE AREE TUTELATE DEL FRIULI VENEZIA GIULIA ALLEGATO A – QUADRO DI RIFERIMENTO REGIONALE Appendice 1 Lista di controllo delle specie e degli habitat di interesse comunitario e di altre specie importanti in Friuli Venezia Giulia Appendice 2 Schemi di valutazione dello stato di conservazione delle specie e degli habitat di interesse comunitario a scala regionale e di singola area tutelata Appendice 3 Lista di controllo dei fattori di pressione e minaccia Appendice 4 Classificazione delle aree tutelate in riferimento alle diverse tipologie ALLEGATO B – SCHEDE DI VALUTAZIONE DELLO STATO DI CONSERVAZIONE DELLE SPECIE E DEGLI HABITAT DI INTERESSE COMUNITARIO IN FRIULI VENEZIA GIULIA MANUALE DI INDIRIZZO PER LA GESTIONE DELLE AREE TUTELATE DEL FRIULI VENEZIA GIULIA ALLEGATO A – QUADRO DI RIFERIMENTO REGIONALE INDICE 1 INQUADRAMENTO GENERALE............................................................................................................ 5 1.1 CENNI CLIMATICI ......................................................................................................................................... 5 1.2 INQUADRAMENTO GEOLOGICO E OROGRAFICO ...........................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • A Bespoke Tour for Explorers of Beauty BASILICATA BASILICA Pollino National Park
    POLLINO NATIONAL PARK Itineraries and enchantment in the secret places of a land to be discovered A bespoke tour for explorers of beauty BASILICATA BASILICA Pollino National Park Credits ©2019 Agenzia di Promozione Territoriale BASILICATA Via del Gallitello, 89 - 85100 POTENZA Concept and Design Vincenzo Petraglia Editorial planning and direction Maria Teresa Lotito Graphic design and layout Vincenzo Petraglia in partnership with Xela Art Image search and selection Maria Teresa Lotito English translation of the Italian original Global Voices - Milano Photographs Basilicata Tourist Board Archive Basilicata Archaeological Heritage Department Archive Printed by Alfagrafica Volonnio - Lavello (PZ) Thanks to: The Basilicata Archaeological Heritage Department, all the Municipalities, Associations, and Pro Loco organisations which provided the photographic material. Distributed free of charge The Tourist Board has published the information in this booklet for information purposes only. The utmost care has been taken in checking the information provided in this booklet. Printing errors or involuntary omissions excluded. 3 BASILICATA BASILICAPOLLINO Pollino National Park MATERA POTENZA da non perdere anche... NOEPOLI LATRONICO CASTELSARACENO CALVERA CARBONE TEANA the itinerary FARDELLA EPISCOPIA CASTRONUOVO S.ANDREA CHIAROMONTE CERSOSINO FRANCAVILLA IN SINNI SAN GIORGIO LUCANO S.COSTANTINO Start E S.PAOLO ALBANESE CASTELLUCCIO S.SEVERINO INF. E SUP. VIGGIANELLO ROTONDA TERRANOVA DI POLLINO 4 BASILICATA Pollino National Park BASILICA The Lucan Olympus Pollino is a giant from all points of view. On account of the massif after which it is named, it being the tallest in the region, the fact that it is Italy's largest national park, and because it being home to a true botanical rarity, the centuries-old Bosnian Pine.
    [Show full text]
  • C. Gesamtbild Der Eiszeitlichen Vergletscherung. Grösse Und Typus
    58 Vierteljahrsschrift der Naturf. Gesellschaft in Zürich. 1939 wird die Laga noch mehr als heute ein stark zertaltes und fieder- förmig verästeltes Gebirge sein. Fosso Chiarino. Anklänge an die ehemalige Vereisung der Laga sind ferner im obersten Abschnitt des T. Chiarino, der R e g i o n e 1 e V a g l i e (1700-2100 m) erhalten. Dieses nach NW gerichtete, offene, schwach abfallende Talstück ist zwischen dem M. le Vene (2020 m) und dem Macera della Morte eingebettet. Es gleicht in seiner Ausgestaltung, trotz der zerstörenden Wirkung der atmosphärischen Einflüsse, heute noch auffallend den einst eiserfüllten Hochmulden der zen- tralapenninischen Kalkgebirge. Auf Grund dieser Untersuchung ist das Laga-Gebirge als ein Mittelpunkt der diluvialen Vereisung anzusehen. Es war auf seiner E-Seite von einem Kranz sehr kurzer Gletscher geschmückt. Die Gehängeknicke in den Trogtälchen deuten auf eine Gletschermäch- tigkeit von rund 100 m hin. C. Gesamtbild der eiszeitlichen Vergletscherung. Grösse und Typus. Alle Gebirge des Zentralapennins von über 2000 m Höhe waren vergletschert. Das wird durch Kare und Moränen bewiesen. Die wich- tigsten Talgletscher waren: Gebirge Tal Exposition Gletscher- Gletscher- länge ende km m ü. M. Gran Sasso Arno N 8-9 700— 800 Venaquaro N 5 1200 Solagne W 4 1300 Campo Imperatore E 10 1500 Majella Femmina Morta S 5 2350 Cannella E 3 1900 Velino Majelama SE 5 1050 Teve W 7 1013 Sibillini Aso N 4 1250-1300 Meta Rio Torto E 4-5 1000 Inferno NE 5 1050 Greco Chiarano N 8-9 1550-1650 Pistacchia N 8 1600 Terminillo Meta N 5 1150 Simbruini Rio NW 5 905 Jahrg.
    [Show full text]