DOCSLIB.ORG

Notice of Opposition Opposer Information Applicant Information

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Notice of Opposition Opposer Information Applicant Information Trademark Trial and Appeal Board Electronic Filing System. http://estta.uspto.gov ESTTA Tracking number: ESTTA1052832 Filing date: 05/02/2020 IN THE UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE BEFORE THE TRADEMARK TRIAL AND APPEAL BOARD Notice of Opposition Notice is hereby given that the following party opposes registration of the indicated application. Opposer Information Name Binbin Xie Entity Individual Citizenship CHINA Address No. 37 Qiqiao, Yuanguang Village Meitang Town Puning, 515342 CHINA Attorney informa- Jonathan G. Morton tion 1395 Brickell Ave. Suite 300 Miami, FL 33131 UNITED STATES [email protected] 305-764-9179 Applicant Information Application No 88428729 Publication date 04/07/2020 Opposition Filing 05/02/2020 Opposition Peri- 05/07/2020 Date od Ends Applicant Lai Guoheng Rm.201, No.73 Banjiulin Village, Qingping Town Lianjiang, Guangdong, 524400 CHINA Goods/Services Affected by Opposition Class 003. First Use: 2019/03/10 First Use In Commerce: 2019/03/10 All goods and services in the class are opposed, namely: Adhesives for affixing false eyelashes;Air fragrancing preparations; Cosmetics; Ethereal oils; Eye-shadow; Eyebrow cosmetics; False eye- lashes; Lavender oil; Lipstick; Lipsticks; Make-up preparations; Nail care preparations; Phytocosmetic preparations; Preparations for cleaning dentures; Skin whitening creams; Stain removers Grounds for Opposition Priority and likelihood of confusion Trademark Act Section 2(d) No use of mark in commerce before application Trademark Act Sections 1(a) and (c) or amendment to allege use was filed No bona fide intent to use mark in commerce for Trademark Act Section 1(b) identified goods or services Marks Cited by Opposer as Basis for Opposition U.S. Application 88888650 Application Date 04/27/2020 No. Registration Date NONE Foreign Priority NONE Date Word Mark OWNEST Design Mark Description of NONE Mark Goods/Services Class 003. First use: First Use: 2018/03/01 First Use In Commerce: 2018/03/01 Concealers for skin, face, body; Eye-shadow; Lip gloss; Lipsticks; Liquid founda- tion (mizu-oshiroi); Massage oil; Nail grooming products, namely, tips, glue, lac- quer and glitter; Nail polish U.S. Registration 4922284 Application Date 07/12/2015 No. Registration Date 03/22/2016 Foreign Priority NONE Date Word Mark OWNEST Design Mark Description of NONE Mark Goods/Services Class 009. First use: First Use: 2014/03/21 First Use In Commerce: 2015/02/22 Air quality measurement apparatus, namely, particle counters; Amplifiers; Bags adapted for laptops; Batteries; Battery chargers; Camera mounts and supports; Cameras; Car video recorders; Cases for mobile phones; Cell phone battery chargersfor use in vehicles; Cell phone straps;Chronographs for use as special- ized time recording apparatuses; Computer hardware and computer peripherals; Converters for electric plugs; Covers for electric outlets; Display screen protect- ors for providing shade and privacy specially adapted to electronic devices, namely, laptops, cell phones, personal digital assistants; Earphones; Electric cables, wires, conductors and connection fittings therefor; Electric current switches; Electric light switches; Electric power converters; Electrical pickups for use with musical instruments; Eyeglass cases; Eyeglasses; Fitted plastic films known as skins for covering and providing a scratch proof barrier or protection for electronic devices, namely, MP3 players, mobile telephones, smart tele- phones, digital cameras, global positioning systems and personal digital assist- ants; GPS navigation device; Headphones; Lap-counting devices, namely, coun- ters for use during sporting activities; LED and HID light controls; Light systems comprising light sensors and switches; Loudspeakers; Mousepads; Plastic mol- ded support base speciallyadapted to prop up laptop computers; Portable media players; Portable photography equipment, namely, reflectors, tripods, light stands and supports and bags specially adapted for these goods; Portable tele- phones; Protective covers and cases for cell phones, laptops and portable me- dia players; Radio transmitters and receivers for remote controls, radio controls; Remotely-controlled sub-aquatic video camera containing a TV camera, trans- mitter, receiver and microphone to record, detect, measure, survey and locate objects underwater; Set-top boxes; Slide orphotograph projection apparatus; Smart card readers; Solar batteries; Sound recording apparatus; Spectacle frames; Sunglasses; Telematics apparatus, namely, wireless Internet devices which provide telematic services and have a cellular phone function; Tele- scopes; Video monitors;Wearable digital electronic devices comprised primarily of software for viewing, sending and receiving texts, emails, data and informa- tion from smart phones, tablet computers and portable computers and display screens and also featuring a bracelet; Wireless cellular phone headsets; Wire- less communication devices for voice, data or image transmission; Wireless in- door and outdoor speakers; Wirelesstransmitters and receivers Attachments 88888650#TMSN.png( bytes ) 86690641#TMSN.png( bytes ) Notice of Opposition OWNEST.pdf(2194335 bytes ) Signature /Jonathan G. Morton/ Name Jonathan G. Morton Date 05/02/2020 IN THE UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE BEFORE THE TRADEMARK TRIAL AND APPEAL BOARD Xie Binbin, Opposer, Opposition No. v. Serial No. 88/428,729 Mark: OWNEST Lai Guoheng, Filing Date: May 14, 2019 Publication Date: April 7, 2020 Applicant. Commissioner for Trademarks P.O. Box 1451 Alexandria, Virginia 22313 NOTICE OF OPPOSITION The Opposer, Xie Binbin, an individual of the People’s Republic of China, with an address of No. 37 Qiqiao, Yuanguang Village, Meitang Town, Puning, China 515342 (“Opposer”) files this Notice of Opposition against Lai Guoheng (“Applicant”) and believes that he would be damaged by the registration of the above-identified mark in International Class 3 and hereby opposes same, pursuant to 15 U.S.C. § 1063 and 37 C.F.R. § 2.104. As grounds for opposition, it is alleged that: 1. Opposer, and Opposer’s companies “Guangzhoushi Oulishi Huazhuangpin Youxian Gongsi” and “Guangzhou Yunhan Xiangfeng Network Technology Co., Ltd.”, see attached evidence of ownership as Exhibit 1, are in the business of marketing and selling concealers for skin, face, body; eye-shadow; lip gloss; lipsticks; liquid foundation (mizu- oshiroi); massage oil; nail grooming products, namely, tips, glue, lacquer and glitter; nail polish and other miscellaneous cosmetics and skin/nail care related merchandise under the mark OWNEST on their Amazon account shop “Ownest Beauty USA” in the United 1 States, United Kingdom, France, Spain, Italy and China since at least as early as March 1, 2018, see attached Amazon ownership also as Exhibit 1. 2. Opposer’s company, Guangzhou Yunhan Xiangfeng Network Technology Co., Ltd., through its employee Wu Huaisheng, obtained a Chinese trademark registration no. 22242171 for “OWNEST” in Class 3 “mixture of dried petals and spices (spices); toothpaste; essential oils; abrasives” which was filed on December 13, 2016 and was subsequently registered on January 7, 2019, see attached as Exhibit 2. 3. Opposer’s company, Guangzhou Yunhan Xiangfeng Network Technology Co., Ltd., also obtained U.S. trademark registration no. 4,922,284 for “OWNEST” in Class 9 “Air quality measurement apparatus, namely, particle counters; Amplifiers; Bags adapted for laptops; Batteries; Battery chargers; Camera mounts and supports; Cameras; Car video recorders; Cases for mobile phones; Cell phone battery chargers for use in vehicles; Cell phone straps; Chronographs for use as specialized time recording apparatuses; Computer hardware and computer peripherals; Converters for electric plugs; Covers for electric outlets; Display screen protectors for providing shade and privacy specially adapted to electronic devices, namely, laptops, cell phones, personal digital assistants; Earphones; Electric cables, wires, conductors and connection fittings therefor; Electric current switches; Electric light switches; Electric power converters; Electrical pickups for use with musical instruments; Eyeglass cases; Eyeglasses; Fitted plastic films known as skins for covering and providing a scratch proof barrier or protection for electronic devices, namely, MP3 players, mobile telephones, smart telephones, digital cameras, global positioning systems and personal digital assistants; GPS navigation device; Headphones; Lap-counting devices, namely, counters for use during sporting activities; LED and HID light controls; Light systems comprising light sensors and switches; Loudspeakers; Mousepads; Plastic molded support base specially adapted to prop up 2 laptop computers; Portable media players; Portable photography equipment, namely, reflectors, tripods, light stands and supports and bags specially adapted for these goods; Portable telephones; Protective covers and cases for cell phones, laptops and portable media players; Radio transmitters and receivers for remote controls, radio controls; Remotely-controlled sub-aquatic video camera containing a TV camera, transmitter, receiver and microphone to record, detect, measure, survey and locate objects underwater; Set-top boxes; Slide or photograph projection apparatus; Smart card readers; Solar batteries; Sound recording apparatus; Spectacle frames; Sunglasses; Telematics apparatus, namely, wireless Internet devices which provide telematic services and have a cellular phone function; Telescopes; Video monitors; Wearable digital
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Natural Skin‑Whitening Compounds for the Treatment of Melanogenesis (Review)
    EXPERIMENTAL AND THERAPEUTIC MEDICINE 20: 173-185, 2020 Natural skin‑whitening compounds for the treatment of melanogenesis (Review) WENHUI QIAN1,2, WENYA LIU1, DONG ZHU2, YANLI CAO1, ANFU TANG1, GUANGMING GONG1 and HUA SU1 1Department of Pharmaceutics, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine; 2School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China Received June 14, 2019; Accepted March 17, 2020 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.8687 Abstract. Melanogenesis is the process for the production of skin-whitening agents, boosted by markets in Asian countries, melanin, which is the primary cause of human skin pigmenta- especially those in China, India and Japan, is increasing tion. Skin-whitening agents are commercially available for annually (1). Skin color is influenced by a number of intrinsic those who wish to have a lighter skin complexions. To date, factors, including skin types and genetic background, and although numerous natural compounds have been proposed extrinsic factors, including the degree of sunlight exposure to alleviate hyperpigmentation, insufficient attention has and environmental pollution (2-4). Skin color is determined by been focused on potential natural skin-whitening agents and the quantity of melanosomes and their extent of dispersion in their mechanism of action from the perspective of compound the skin (5). Under physiological conditions, pigmentation can classification. In the present article, the synthetic process of protect the skin against harmful UV injury. However, exces- melanogenesis and associated core signaling pathways are sive generation of melanin can result in extensive aesthetic summarized. An overview of the list of natural skin-lightening problems, including melasma, pigmentation of ephelides and agents, along with their compound classifications, is also post‑inflammatory hyperpigmentation (1,6).
    [Show full text]
  • Intense Pulsed Light and Low-Fluence Q-Switched Nd:YAG Laser Treatment in Melasma Patients
    Combination Therapy in Melasma Ann Dermatol Vol. 24, No. 3, 2012 http://dx.doi.org/10.5021/ad.2012.24.3.267 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Intense Pulsed Light and Low-Fluence Q-Switched Nd:YAG Laser Treatment in Melasma Patients Se Young Na, M.D., Soyun Cho, M.D., Ph.D., Jong Hee Lee, M.D., Ph.D.1 Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University Boramae Hospital, 1Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea Background: Recently, low fluence collimated Q-switched -Keywords- (QS) Nd:YAG laser has drawn attention for the treatment of IPL, Laser, Melasma treatment melasma. However, it needs a lot of treatment sessions for the substantial results and repetitive laser exposures may end up with unwanted depigmentation. Objective: We INTRODUCTION evaluated the clinical effects and safety of the combinational treatment, using intense pulsed light (IPL) and low fluence Melasma is a common, hyperpigmentary disorder, and QS Nd:YAG laser. Methods: Retrospective case series of 20 may be the most concerning issue among the young to female patients, with mixed type melasma, were analyzed middle-aged Asian women. It is defined as a light to dark using medical records. They were treated with IPL one time, brown, irregular hypermelanosis of the face, which develops and 4 times of weekly successive low fluence Nd:YAG laser slowly, and is usually symmetrical1,2. Among the three treatments. At each visit, digital photographs were taken histological patterns of melasma, the mixed type one, with under the same condition. Melanin index (MI) and erythema hyperactive epidermal melanocytes and dermal melano- index (EI) were measured on the highest point on the phages, is the most common in Korean women3.
    [Show full text]
  • The Two Tornout Tuli Talu Taimi
    THETWO TORNOUT US 20180042840A1TULI TALU TAIMI ( 19) United States (12 ) Patent Application Publication (10 ) Pub. No. : US 2018/ 0042840 A1 Almiñana Domènech et al. (43 ) Pub . Date : Feb . 15 , 2018 ( 54 ) FERMENT EXTRACT OF EUPENICILLIUM ( 30 ) Foreign Application Priority Data CRUSTACEUM AND COSMETIC USE THEREOF Mar. 5 , 2015 ( EP ) . .. .. .. .. 15382099 . 8 (71 ) Applicant: LUBRIZOL ADVANCED MATERIALS , INC ., Cleveland , OH Publication Classification (US ) (51 ) Int. Ci. (72 ) Inventors : Núria Almiñana Domènech , Barcelona A61K 8 /9728 ( 2006 . 01 ) (ES ) ; Albert Soley Astals , Barcelona A61Q 19 /02 ( 2006 .01 ) (ES ) ; Nuria García Sanz , Alicante A610 19 /00 ( 2006 .01 ) ( ES ) ; Gemma Mola Llobera , C12R 1 / 645 ( 2006 .01 ) Barcelona (ES ) ; José Darias , La A610 19 /08 ( 2006 . 01 ) Laguna (ES ) ; Mercedes Cueto , La (52 ) U . S . CI. Laguna (ES ) CPC .. A61K 8 / 9728 ( 2017 .08 ) ; C12R 1 /645 (2013 . 01 ) ; A61Q 19 / 08 (2013 . 01 ) ; A61Q ( 73 ) Assignee : LUBRIZOL ADVANCED 19/ 00 ( 2013 .01 ) ; A61Q 19 /02 (2013 .01 ); A61K MATERIALS , INC ., Cleveland , OH 2800 / 85 (2013 .01 ) (US ) ( 21) Appl. No. : 15 /555 , 166 (57 ) ABSTRACT (22 ) PCT Filed : Mar . 2 , 2016 A ferment extract from a bacterial strain the Eupenicillium ( 86 ) PCT No . : PCT /IB2016 / 051181 crustaceum species useful in the cosmetic treatment and /or $ 371 ( c )( 1 ) , care of the skin , mucous membranes , hair and / or nails and ( 2 ) Date : Sep . 1 , 2017 cosmetic uses of same. US 2018 / 0042840 A1 Feb . 15 , 2018 FERMENT EXTRACT OF EUPENICILLIUM collagen fibers . [ Bonta M , Daina L , Mut iu G . The process CRUSTACEUM AND COSMETIC USE of ageing reflected by histological changes in the skin .
    [Show full text]
  • Skin Whitening and Its Health Impacts
    MELANINELANIN F OUNDATIONFOUNDATION RCEVEALINGOMBAT THE CONTRE DANGERS OFLES SKIN DANGERS BLEACHING DE LA DÉPIGMENTATION DE LA PEAU “ To stand by and not act, is to witness a crime against humanity… ” ACNAMP AWAAGNERENESS DE CAMPAIGN PRISE DE AGAINST CONSCIENCE ABUSIVECONTRE SKIN LES- BLEACHINGPRODUITS PÉCLAIRCISSANTRODUCTS . PRROMOTIONOMOTING SKIN DES HEALTH PROGRAMMES PROGRAMS DE. SANTÉ DE LA PEAU. SKIN WHITENING AND ITS HEALTH IMPACTS Voluntary skin whitening, commonly referred to as skin-bleaching1 covers a variety of cosmetic methods and proce- dures used to whiten the skin. A common practice in Africa, Asia the Caribbean and among mixed and black popula- tions in Europe, this practice is one that affects mostly women and that is extremely harmful for the health. Though research on this subject has been sparse, studies have shown more than half of women in countries such as Senegal, DQG7RJREOHDFKWKHLUVNLQDQGWKHUDPL¿FDWLRQVKDYHEHHQGHVFULEHGE\WKHUHVHDUFKKRVSLWDOVIROORZLQJWKLVLVVXH as catastrophic. The prevalence of this practice is equally high in other countries globally and the impacts as severe but these are largely ignored because of an ignorance on the subject fueled by the denial by users and a lack of education on this issue of general populations and even specialized medical staff. The most common form of skin whitening consist in the application of crèmes and soaps that contain dangerous substances, such as mercury, hydroquinone, cortisones, vitamin A (which when used in excess is toxic), and dermo- corticoids. These products can be broken down into two categories: medicines such as cortisone and vitamin A – ZKLFKDUHPLVXVHGEHFDXVHRIWKHLUNQRZQVNLQZKLWHQLQJVLGHHIIHFWVDQGEHDXW\SURGXFWVGHYHORSHGVSHFL¿FDOO\ for skin lightening. The use of products from both categories can be equally dangerous.
    [Show full text]
  • Skin Lightening and Beauty in Four Asian Cultures Eric P.H
    ASSOCIATION FOR CONSUMER RESEARCH Labovitz School of Business & Economics, University of Minnesota Duluth, 11 E. Superior Street, Suite 210, Duluth, MN 55802 Skin Lightening and Beauty in Four Asian Cultures Eric P.H. Li, York University, Canada Hyun Jeong Min, University of Utah Russell W. Belk, York University, Canada “Whiteness” or having white skin is considered an important element in constructing female beauty in Asian cultures. A dramatic growth of skin whitening and lightening products has occurred in Asian markets. Contemporary meanings of whiteness are influenced by Western ideologies as well as traditional Asian values and beliefs. In this study, we analyze print advertisements for skin whitening and lightening products in four Asian societies -- India, Hong Kong, Japan and Korea. We compare the verbal messages and visual images for both global brands and local brands and across countries. We find that whiteness in these Asian cultures is both empowering and disempowering as well as both global and local in character. [to cite]: Eric P.H. Li, Hyun Jeong Min, Russell W. Belk, and Junko Kimura, Shalini Bahl (2008) ,"Skin Lightening and Beauty in Four Asian Cultures", in NA - Advances in Consumer Research Volume 35, eds. Angela Y. Lee and Dilip Soman, Duluth, MN : Association for Consumer Research, Pages: 444-449. [url]: http://www.acrwebsite.org/volumes/13415/volumes/v35/NA-35 [copyright notice]: This work is copyrighted by The Association for Consumer Research. For permission to copy or use this work in whole or in part, please contact the Copyright Clearance Center at http://www.copyright.com/. Skin Lightening and Beauty in Four Asian Cultures Eric P.
    [Show full text]
  • In Japan and the US and Portrayals of Women's Roles in Makeup
    Megumi Taruta (1M151151-3) Graduation Thesis Definition of “Beauty” in Japan and the US and Portrayals of women’s roles in Makeup Video Advertisements of America and Japan ~Comparative Case Study on Cosmetic Brands: Maybelline New York and Maquillage ~ Graduation Thesis for Bachelors of Arts Degree Waseda University, School of International Liberal Studies, 2019 Megumi Taruta (1M151151-3) Professor Graham Law Media History/ Media Studies Seminar July 2019 1 Megumi Taruta (1M151151-3) Graduation Thesis Abstract This paper is written in order to achieve two aims: 1) find out the extent to which perceptions of beauty is similar in contemporary Japan and the US and 2) discover how the portrayals of women regarding their roles and lifestyles in recent beauty advertisements (within the last two decades) differ depending on different countries. It is a comparative case study on cosmetic brands using one brand for each country- Maybelline New York (the U.S) and Maquillage (Japan). The paper starts off with introducing the two brands by providing the history and the background information of each brand. Company information of the owners of the brands (L’Oréal and Shiseido) is also included. In addition, an overview of current makeup market in the US and Japan is also written as extra background information. The two brands are chosen due to many similarities making it a fair comparison. They are similar in terms of price, the target market and the fact that they are both owned by global beauty companies. In terms of definition of beauty, the analysis is divided into body parts: skin, lips and eyes- specifically, eyeshadow for the eyes.
    [Show full text]
  • Portable SHR IPL Hair Removal Machine-RIVA I
    RIVA I : Portable SHR IPL Hair Removal Machine+SKIN REJUVINATION. High Quality ABS material Shell with 10.4inch Touch Screen Portable SHR IPL Hair Removal Machine-RIVA I Permanently remove unwanted hair on all parts of the body and for hair colors Remove the light wrinkles and shrink the skin pores Lighten and remove all kinds of pigmented lesions e.g. speckles, age-spot, sun-induced spots Remove skin flaws and improve the skin quality; Skin-rejuvenation, skin-whitening and enhancement of skin elasticity What's SHR ? SHR=Super Hair Removal,it's a revolutionary technology of hair removal which is having a sweeping success. (adopt technology AFT (Advanced Fluorescence Technology) and EDF SHR combines laser technology and the benefits of the pulsating light method achieving practically painless results. SHR combined with “In Motion” represents a breakthrough in permanent hair removal with light technology. The treatment is more pleasant than with the conventional systems and your skin is better protected. Conventional devices, not using SHR technology, merely transport energy along the melanin to the follicles SHR gently transports the energy through the skin and through the melanin to the hair follicles Note 1Use cooling gel to protect the skin while treating. 2Pay attention to protect the eyes of both the operator and customer. 3Pay attention to the storage and temperature surroundings. 4 Operators should have some training and knowledge of IPL and safety precautions for intense light's radiation. 5 Operators must be aware of the potential hazard that may cause by intense light's radiation. 6All repair and maintenance of products should be performed by FBLaser authorized technical personnel.
    [Show full text]
  • An Illumination of Asian Skin-Whitening Culture
    DUKE UNIVERSITY Durham, North Carolina Beautiful White: An Illumination of Asian Skin-Whitening Culture Elysia Pan April 2013 Under the supervision of Gennifer Weisenfeld, Department of Art, Art History & Visual and Media Studies Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Graduation with Distinction Program in Visual and Media Studies & International Comparative Studies Trinity College of Arts and Sciences Pan 2 Table of Contents Abstract ........................................................................................................................... 3 Acknowledgements .......................................................................................................... 4 Introduction .................................................................................................................... 5 Chapter One: The Dissemination of a Globalized Beauty Culture .................................... 16 Historical Notions of Beauty in Chinese Culture .......................................................... 17 Normalizing Consumerism ......................................................................................... 25 Chapter Two: Crafting and Appealing to Local Cultural Preferences ............................... 34 Below the Surface: The Science of Skin-whitening ....................................................... 35 Pearls as Strength and Power ....................................................................................... 41 Milk as a Marker of Health ........................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Skin Bleaching and Global White Supremacy: by Way of Introduction
    Skin Bleaching and Global White Supremacy: By Way of Introduction Yaba Amgborale Blay, PhD Lafayette College Co-editor of this Special Issue of the Journal of Pan African Studies, Yaba Amgborale Blay ([email protected]) is a Visiting Assistant Professor of Africana Studies at Lafayette College where she also teaches courses in Women's & Gender Studies. Her research interests include African cultural aesthetics and aesthetic practices, the politics of embodiment and Black identities, transnational skin bleaching, African feminist theory, and critical media literacy. Dr. Blay is the recipient of a 2010 Leeway Foundation Art and Change Grant through which she will publish The Other Side of Blackness, a portrait documentary exploring the intersection of skin color politics and negotiations of Black identity. Abstract The cosmetic use of chemical agents to lighten the complexion of one’s skin, also referred to as skin whitening, skin lightening, and/or skin bleaching, is currently a widespread global phenomenon. While the history of skin bleaching can be traced to the Elizabethan age of powder and paint, in its current manifestations, skin bleaching is practiced disproportionately within communities “of color” and exceedingly among people of African descent. While it is true that skin bleaching represents a multifaceted phenomenon, with a complexity of historical, cultural, sociopolitical, and psychological forces motivating the practice, the large majority of scholars who examine skin bleaching at the very least acknowledge the institutions
    [Show full text]
  • Skin Whitening Cosmetics: Feedback and Challenges in the Development of Natural Skin Lighteners
    cosmetics Article Skin Whitening Cosmetics: Feedback and Challenges in the Development of Natural Skin Lighteners Pauline Burger 1, Anne Landreau 1,2, Stéphane Azoulay 1, Thomas Michel 1 and Xavier Fernandez 1,* 1 Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Institut de Chimie de Nice UMR7272, 06108 Nice, France; [email protected] (P.B.); [email protected] (A.L.); [email protected] (S.A.); [email protected] (T.M.) 2 Université d’Angers, UFR Santé, 16 Boulevard Daviers, Cedex 01, 49045 Angers, France * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +33-4-9207-6469 Academic Editor: Johanna Maria Gillbo Received: 28 September 2016; Accepted: 24 October 2016; Published: 28 October 2016 Abstract: With the public’s growing interest in skin whitening, lightening ingredients only used under dermatological supervision until recently, are more and more frequently incorporated into cosmetic formulas. The active agents that lighten skin tone are either natural or synthetic substances, and may act at various levels of melanogenesis. They are used to treat various skin pigmentation disorders or simply to obtain a lighter skin tone as whiter skin may be synonymous of wealth, health, youth, and/or beauty in different cultures. However, recent studies demonstrated the adverse effects of some of these ingredients, leading to their interdiction or restricted use under the European Directive and several other international regulations. After an overview of skin whitening practices and the associated risks, this article provides insight into the mechanisms involved in melanin synthesis and the biological assays available to attest the lightening activity of individual ingredients. The legislation dealing with the use of skin lighteners is then discussed.
    [Show full text]
  • Shoguns, Minstrels, Bodyguards, and Japan's Encounters with the Black Other
    Excluded Presence : Shoguns, Minstrels, Bodyguards, and Title Japan's Encounters with the Black Other Author(s) Russell, John G. Citation ZINBUN (2008), 40: 15-51 Issue Date 2008-03 URL https://doi.org/10.14989/71097 © Copyright March 2008, Institute for Research in Humanities Right Kyoto University. Type Departmental Bulletin Paper Textversion publisher Kyoto University ZINBUN 2007 No.40 Excluded Presence: Shoguns, Minstrels, Bodyguards, and Japan's Encounters with the Black Other John G. RUSSELL Tropes of national identity are deployedin the serviceof essencefabrication and jockeyingsfor relative positionin a globalhierarchy. DorinneKondo (1992) Anthropologist Dorinne Kondo (1990) has described the Japanese Self as being "inevi- tably involved in a multiplicity of social relationships. Boundaries between self and other are fluid and constantly changing depending on context and on the social positioning people adopt in particular situations" (31). Kondo's observation may be extended to include Japa- nese racial identity as well. Just as Japanese selves are defined in and through relationships of inside and outside, so too their racial identity has been crafted and recrafted in relation to paradigmatic oppositions of Self and Other—"civilized/uncivilized,""pure/impure," "in- ner/outer"—which are similarly protean in their adaptation to social conditions and shift- ing relations of power between the self and various others. In the past, Japanese defined these oppositions in relation to a Sinocentric worldview that mediated the internal and ex- ternal world. By the 19th century, however, Japanese constructions of otherness acquired new meanings—and new targets—within the framework of western colonial expansionism, meanings that threatened Japanese notions of self by redefining them in terms of relation- ships of power between Japanese and Europeans and Europe's colonized subjects.
    [Show full text]
  • UNIVERZITA PALACKÉHO V OLOMOUCI Filozofická Fakulta
    UNIVERZITA PALACKÉHO V OLOMOUCI Filozofická fakulta Katedra asijských studií Estetické vnímání krásy ženy v Japonsku Aesthetic perception of woman´s beauty in Japan Bakalářská diplomová práce Autor práce: Pomklová Lucie Vedoucí práce: Mgr. Sylva Martinásková - ASJ Olomouc 2013 Kopie zadání diplomové práce Prohlašuji, že jsem diplomovou práci vypracovala samostatně a uvedla veškeré použité prameny a literaturu V Olomouci dne _______________________ Poděkování: Na tomto místě bych chtěla velice poděkovat Mgr. Sylvě Martináskové za konzultace, ochotu, flexibilitu při řešení jakýchkoliv problémů a odborné vedení mé práce. Díky jejím cenným radám a podnětům mohla tato práce vzniknout. Ediční poznámka Ve své práci používám anglický přepis japonských názvů společně se znaky nebo slabičnou abecedou, které budu užívat u ér, období, uvedených japonských termínů a jmen osob. Japonská jména uvádím v japonském pořadí čili první příjmení a za ním teprve následuje jméno osobní, ženská jména jsou uvedena v nepřechýlené podobě. Pro obecně známá místní jména či termíny, u kterých je český přepis již pevně stanoven pravidly českého pravopisu, používám tento do češtiny přejatý tvar. Kurzívu budu používat pro méně známé termíny, názvy ér a období a také pro citace. Používám citační normu ISO 690. Obsah 1 Úvod ................................................................................................................................... 8 2 Protohistorické období ..................................................................................................
    [Show full text]