Sarva Seva Samity Sanstha (4S)

…… establishing sustainable and replicable models for uplifting the socio-economic status of poor and marginalized families Annual Report: 2018-19 Sarva Seva Samity Sanstha

Sarva Seva Samity Sanstha (4S)

Registered Office: Village + Post- Rajan, Gurua, Gaya- 824237,

Head Office: BG- 179, Salt Lake, Sector-II, Kolkata- 700 091,

1 Annual Report: 2018-19 Sarva Seva Samity Sanstha

2 Annual Report: 2018-19 Sarva Seva Samity Sanstha

From the Desk of Executive Director

he year 2018-19 is very special for Sarva Seva Samity Sanstha (4S), T as the organization has become sweet sixteen, grown rapidly and entered into another stage of maturity. The full year has been a year of experimentation, learning and evolving. The year threw-up many challenges that made us capable to handle the situation. We faced, we learned, we resolved…! But not a single situation could change our zeal of working for the favour of poor. The path was not been smooth, but we never gave a single scope to deviate ourselves from our vision. Rural poor and vulnerable community has always been at the centre of everything. And we believe that long lasting change at grassroots can only be brought with the active participation of the mass. We have now jumped into a team of 48 professionals from 14. The team is blessed with the continuous support of more than 150 volunteers working dedicatedly for social, financial and moral development of the society. We are delighted to have exceeded our targets in our all seventeen projects. We have strengthened and streamlined our intervention through regular monitoring, evaluation and strategic guidance. Timely decision making was also done throughout the year. With the continued trust, encouragement and support from the partners, we were able to impact the lives of more than 0.2 million rural households through our previous and current projects spread across the remotest and hardest areas of 5 states of Eastern . We are expressing our special gratitude to our beneficiaries, partners, funders, mentors, other stakeholders and well-wishers for keeping faith on us. We are thankful to everyone who has supported us conceptually, financially and in all manner of other ways. Thanks to the full team of 4S, without the dedicated effort of whom, growth of the organization was not possible. This year we were fortunate enough to see so many glorious moments. We would like to present a glimpse of that in this Annual Report.

15th April, 2019 Mihir Sahana Executive Director

3 Annual Report: 2018-19 Sarva Seva Samity Sanstha

Content

1. Organization Detail ...... 5 1.1. Organization Snapshot ...... 5 1.2. History and Evaluation of the organization ...... 6 1.3. Vision and Mission ...... 6 1.4. Target Beneficiaries ...... 7 1.5. Services ...... 7 1.5.1. Government Level: ...... 7 1.5.2. Partner/ other NGO level: ...... 7 1.5.3. Community Level: ...... 7 1.6. Core Values ...... 8 1.7. Thematic Areas ...... 9 1.8. Working Approach ...... 10 1.9. Our Team...... 11 1.10. Operational Areas ...... 13 1.11. Our Partners ...... 14 1.12. Ongoing Projects in FY 2018-19 ...... 14 2. Programme Highlights of FY 2018-19 ...... 17 2.1. Direct intervention ...... 17 2.1.1. Promotion of livelihood ...... 17 2.1.2. Sanitation ...... 27 2.1.3. Micro-enterprise through Renewable Energy ...... 30 2.1.4. Women Empowerment through SGH Federation ...... 31 2.2. Capacity building of root level NGOs ...... 32 2.3. Survey and Study ...... 34 3. Finance ...... 36 3.1. Turnover of the organization for last five years ...... 36 3.2. Financial Statement of FY 2018-19 ...... 37 Abbreviation ...... 39 Recognition ...... 40 Media Coverage ...... 41

4 Annual Report: 2018-19 Sarva Seva Samity Sanstha 1. Organization Detail

1.1. Organization Snapshot Name of the organization and SARVA SEVA SAMITY SANSTHA (4S) contact Details Mr. Mihir Sahana Executive Director Ph- 8584060605 Email- [email protected]/ [email protected] Website- www.sarvasevasamity.org Office Addresses  Registered office: Vill. & Post.- Rajan, Gurua, District- Gaya, PIN- 824 237, BIHAR  Head Office (Correspondence address): BG- 179, Salt Lake, Sector-II, Kolkata, PIN- 700 091, West Bengal Legal Status  Registration No: 1180 of 2002-2003 dated 15th March 2003 under Society Registration Act 21, 1860  PAN No: AAHTSO619J  TAN No: PTNS04951C  Service Tax No- AAHTS0619JSD002  FCRA No: 031090130  18G No: (V) 09/2010-11/663  12A No: 20/ 2010-11 Membership detail  Niti Aayog/ NGO Darpan registration No: WB/2017/0176589 Years of experience 16 Years Annual turnover in past three 2018-19: 17,884,985 years 2017-18: 7,718,307 2016-17: 1,903,103

5 Annual Report: 2018-19 Sarva Seva Samity Sanstha 1.2. History and Evaluation of the organization 4S has started its journey to work with the poorest populace in difficult and far flung areas of Bihar. Gaya in Bihar was the district selected to start its work, where it got registered in 2003. 4S has got its initial mentorship and institutional support from Indian Grameen Services (IGS), with which it supported promotion of large number of women SHG in Bankebazar block of Gaya district. The organization also helped the SHGs to federate and start a woman run SHG federation, which later got registered under the State Mutual Cooperative Act. Since inception till date, Bihar is the major focus area of 4S.

Members of 4S realized that for growth of the organization and to fulfill the mission of the organization, 4S needs to induct more professional members, and follow prudent systems of governance. With the change in Management and Governance, 4S is now striving to increase its client-base and has developed its capacities in various areas which will enhance the livelihoods of the poor families. 4S, besides getting guidance and monetary support from IGS in its initial days and after its professional outlook, has increased its capacities through the support from the Tata Trust, Micro Insurance Academy, ACC, IGSSS, SEWA Bharat and Water for India Trust on various aspects starting from capacity building of small and marginal farmers, imparting skill training, developing Micro insurance health products for vulnerable through community based SHG federation, Various livelihood activities and sanitation.

1.3. Vision and Mission

• To provide holistic services to the rural poor through strong community driven institutions in the form of Community Based Orgnaizations Mission (CBOs) and micro-enterprises like Village Level Entrepreneurs (VLEs) in the field of Livelihood, Health & Nutrition, Water & Sanitation as well as renewable energy solution

•Socially, environmentally and economically sustainable society with improved life of rural Vision poor and vulnerable community, especially women, of unreached area

6 Annual Report: 2018-19 Sarva Seva Samity Sanstha 1.4. Target Beneficiaries Target beneficiaries of the organization are Poorest of the poor households including Women, Tribal with special emphasize on Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Group (PVTG) and other vulnerable communities like communities exposed to climate

extremities.

1.5. Services To fulfill its vision, the organization offers wide array of product and services and supports the community through various interventions. It has designed its services for three different levels:

1.5.1. Government Level: o Advisory services o Support to replicate/scale- up of proven model o Support in Study/ Research

1.5.2. Partner/ other NGO level: o Technical support through training/ capacity building/ skill development o Consultancy support to take innovative initiative o Support in Study/ Research

1.5.3. Community Level: o Awareness generation and conceptual support o Institutional building (help them organize and federate) and managerial support o Value chain support of different commodities potential for that specific area (backward linkages, Technical guidance for productivity enhancement and risk mitigation, skill development, forward/marketing linkages) o Support in availing government schemes

7 Annual Report: 2018-19 Sarva Seva Samity Sanstha 1.6. Core Values The organization has set six core values as powerful tool to help the management and staff to determine whether or not they are on right path and fulfilling their goals by creating an unwavering guide.

o Integrity: Know the organization and do what is right; And translate it to others in an honest, fair and responsible way o Respect and recognize: Respect both the colleagues as well as the community; And recognize their efforts and success o Excellency: Do the best in all efforts o Commitment: Be committed to the community and accountable to the donors o Team work: Work as a team, encourage friendly competition within team members but focus on the common goal o Innovation: Do not restrict your drive in limited idea; Observe the world, learn new, think new and design new products/services having maximum achievement

8 Annual Report: 2018-19 Sarva Seva Samity Sanstha 1.7. Thematic Areas

Water Health and and Sanitation Nutrition

Women Livelihood Promotion Renewable

Empowerment Energy Solution

Agriculture Fisheries Livestock

9 Annual Report: 2018-19 Sarva Seva Samity Sanstha 1.8. Working Approach The working approach of 4S to development is firmly founded upon participatory action at the community level. At the community level, all these services and products are rooted through three main channels- o Self Help Group (SHG) Federation: Mobilizing rural women from poorest of the poor families Federating them into SHG Federations Providing conceptual, managerial and financial support to take development activities (related to livelihood, health and hygiene, water and sanitation, infrastructure) both at individual level as well as at community level in their respective villages o Farmers Producer Organizations (FPO) / Producer Groups (PGs): Mobilizing small and marginal farmers/ producers engaged in agriculture and agri-allied activities of rural and unreached area Federating them into farmers into Farmer Producer Organizations (FPOs)/ Producer Groups (PGs) Providing, technical, financial & Value Chain support to increase productivity & profitability o Village Level Entrepreneurs (VLEs): Mobilizing educated/uneducated unemployed youth of the rural areas Capacitating and supporting them in establishing micro-enterprises in farm & non-farm sector Providing technical support, skill development, business orientation, financial support & promotional support

10 Annual Report: 2018-19 Sarva Seva Samity Sanstha 1.9. Our Team

Mr. Mihir Sahana Mr. Dharmandra Srivastava Secretary Treasurer

MA (Manchester University, UK), PGDRD (XISS), BSc ( Univ.) PGDRM (IRMA), B.Sc.-Agri (BHU)

Other Board Members: Advisory Members:

• Mr. Arijit Dutta • Mr. Hemanth Valvekar Financial Advisor Member • Mr. Sudarshan Chauhan • Dr. Mahua Sengupta Research Advisor Member

• Mr. Durga Das • Mr. Tapas Kr. Pati Agri-technology Advisor Member

• Mr. Jitendra Ravidas • Mr. Akhoury Prabhas Training Advisor Member • Mrs. Meena Devi • Mr. Samrat Gupta Advisor of Entrepreneurship Member

11 Annual Report: 2018-19 Sarva Seva Samity Sanstha The executive team is led by Mr. Mihir Sahana, who is the Executive Director also. He is having rich experience of strategizing and supervising the work on value chain of agriculture and agri- allied commodities through his association with different institutions in India and abroad. The core team consists of experts and faculty members, from a mix of practitioners and academicians from different sectors, who contribute in the form of knowledge building, knowledge dissemination and application of the acquired knowledge in the field. A total of 48 members are engaged with this team for smooth implementation of the projects. The organization also takes assistance from Subject Matter Specialists (extended faculties) to conduct specific and need based study on more technical issues. Apart from this, more than 250 volunteers are involved at the field level.

12 Annual Report: 2018-19 Sarva Seva Samity Sanstha 1.10. Operational Areas

5 States 25 Districts 62 Blocks 174 Villages 0.1 million HH

N

Map not to scale

13 Annual Report: 2018-19 Sarva Seva Samity Sanstha 1.11. Our Partners

1.12. Ongoing Projects in FY 2018-19 Name of the project Project scope Project area Client 1. Promoting livelihood Introducing Integrated Crop Bargarh ACC Ltd. with intervention of Management (ICM) by adopting district agriculture and agri- Integrated Nutrient Management () allied Services, Phase- (INM) and Integrated Pest III Management (IPM), Introducing crop diversification, System of Rice Intensification (SRI), Integrated Farming System (IFS), Providing Livestock support (Goat plus services, Back Yard Poultry, Dairy) 2. Livelihood promotion Promoting livelihood with Sreerampur Aditya birla of small farmers intervention of agriculture and agri- Block under Group- CSR allied Services including Fisheries Hooghly development. Special reference is District (West

14 Annual Report: 2018-19 Sarva Seva Samity Sanstha

being given in SRI-Paddy, Banana, Bengal) Potato and Fisheries 3. Support to increase The goal is to increase the income Bihar, Smart the solar energy of rural populace with the access of Power consumption of renewable energy (Solar/ Bio-gas/ and UP India (SPI) micro-grids with Hybrid). Through this project, 4S is promotion of Agri- supporting FPOs and private business through entrepreneurs to run agri- village level micro- processing units (honey processing enterprises unit and oil expeller), packaging and branding the product and even marketing of the end product through retailer and vendors. All these ultimately help increase the consumption of solar-energy in one hand, and the increase of income of the farmers on the other 4. Promotion of Developing capacities of block level Pakur and ITC Ltd.- Sustainable government extension officials of Sahibganj CSR Agriculture by each of the district in - domain (Jharkhand) implementing ITC and knowledge and training techniques NitiAayog’s in the area of - standard package of Katihar and partnership practices for agriculture and Araria (Bihar) programme livestock development and Government scheme realisation and through them build capacities of village level department personnel and farmers with a cascade approach 5. Promotion of The aim of the project is to develop Nalanda, ITC Ltd.- Sustainable capacities of Agriculture workers - Sasharam, CSR Agriculture in 8 domain knowledge and training Buxar, districts of Bihar with techniques in the area of - standard Mohania, a focus on use of GAP package of practices for sustainable Natwar, in Wheat and Paddy agriculture and Government Motihari, scheme realization and through Lakhisarai & them build capacities of lead Begusarai farmers with a cascade approach (Bihar) 6. Promoting livelihood Increasing socio-economic capital of MLinda with intervention of marginal and small farmers through (Jharkhand) agriculture and agri- ensuring quantifiable improvement allied Services in in production and maximizing under returns to the farmers from

15 Annual Report: 2018-19 Sarva Seva Samity Sanstha

Gumla District, Agriculture and allied sector; and Jharkhand developing micro-enterprises related to agriculture and allied sector by promoting and supporting Village Level Entrepreneurs (VLE) through establishment of agri- processing unit 7. Livelihood Promotion providing support to fish Birbhum and Tata Trust for Small Fish entrepreneurs and clusters, which Uttar Dinajpur via ILRT Producers in West included two main components- (West Bengal) Bengal and Northern Support to 20 Nursery and Rearing Bihar fish entrepreneurs promoted under the project and Support to two fish clusters formed in Birbhum and Uttar Dinajpur 8. Field Level Field Level Handholding support to Khuti, NABARD handholding support 12 FPOs promoted by NABARD Sahibganj, to FPOs Pakur, , Ranchi, Gumla, Ramgarh, and Chatra (Jharkahnd) 9. Resource agency for Train, support and develop business 15 districts NABARD, supporting plans and support in different Agri, and with 20 Jharkhand promotion of FPOs Allied value chain activities of 60 NGOs and their value chains FPOs promoted by NABARD in (Jharkahnd) in Jharkhand Jharkhand 10. Sanitation as a Promote private sector Muzaffarpur Water for Business (SaaB) entrepreneurs for promotion of (Bihar) and People sanitation work as an sustainable Uttar enterprises Dinajpur, Birbhum (WB) 11. Promoting CLF /VO as Promote CLF/ VO and private sector Muzaffarpur, JEEViKKA Rural Sanitation entrepreneurs for promotion of Seohar, East (BRLPS) Marts (RSM) in Bihar sanitation work as an sustainable and West enterprises Champaran (Bihar)

16 Annual Report: 2018-19 Sarva Seva Samity Sanstha

12. Strengthening The objectives are 1) to strengthen Birbhum and IRCTC- CSR sanitation the initiative of sanitation business Uttar Dinajpur infrastructure in rural in rural Bengal and Bihar, make it (West Bengal) Bihar and West and commercially viable, ensure a safe Bengal by introducing Muzaffarpur nature-friendly environment and use of toilet waste (Bihar) sanitation technology as compost and bio-products for through safe and healthy crop production so entrepreneurship that it will last longing positive model effect of the sanitation program being undertaken under Swach Bharat Mission, 2) to ensure that the good practices are demonstrated and used by many entrepreneurs, 3) to make the customers aware of the usefulness of bio toilets and utilization of toilet waste for safe agricultural practices. Some infrastructural supports to the rural entrepreneurs/ FPO have been made for introducing safe sanitation technologies and developing them as model business hub.

2. Programme Highlights of FY 2018-19

2.1. Direct intervention

2.1.1. Promotion of livelihood One of the major thrust of the organization is promotion of livelihood of rural poor, especially tribal people, through a package of services including institutional building, technical assistance as well as financial services in an integrated manner.

4S collaborates with different organizations, government as well as private partners to transfer the new technologies at the field level. Based on the Local Area Economy (LAE) survey, potential livelihood sector of a specific area is being identified and end-to-end support on that

17 Annual Report: 2018-19 Sarva Seva Samity Sanstha sector is being provided to that community. Livelihood intervention has been covered three major livelihood sectors of rural poor-

i) Sustainable Agriculture and Allied Sector Being an agrarian country, about 50% of total population is engaged with agriculture and allied sector. As per Census 2011, the total number of farmers in India is approximately 600 million. Three-fourths of the population lives in rural India. But unfortunately rural areas, where people are mainly dependent on Agriculture, contribute to only one-third of the national income. Majority of these rural people are small and marginal farmers, with little access to good quality seed for attaining higher crop yields, lack of technical guidance, improper use of Manures, Fertilizers and Biocides, little or no use of advanced technology, inadequate storage facilities, inadequate transportation system, short comings in produce market systems and Exploitation by the middlemen, scarcity of capital etc.

To address these issues, • Seed • Technical 4S has taken initiatives • Bio-fertilizer training for • Pesticide • Demonstration developing sustainable • Medicine •Package of agriculture with the aim • Service kit Practices (PoP) Input Technical of increasing socio- Linkage Guidence economic capital of small and marginal farmers through ensuring quantifiable Output Credit improvement in linkage Linkage production and • Auction center • Business maximizing returns to • Urban market Correspondenc the farmers from • Big companies e (BC) of banks • MFIs Agriculture and allied sector. The organization has been providing agriculture support services (also called extension services) in order to ensure productivity enhancement, risk mitigation, local value addition and better price realization. It has also been federating the producers, including small, marginal and woman farmers, to form Producer Group (PG) or Farmers Producer organizations (FPOs). These services cover the entire life cycle of a farmer’s business including assistance with improved input procurement, to technologically improved production processes, to improved market access for their crops and other revenue-generating food products.

18 Annual Report: 2018-19 Sarva Seva Samity Sanstha Technically the organization has been introducing/ promoting 1) Integrated Farming System (IFS), which is an integration of crops/ vegetables, mushroom, fruit crops, fishery etc. to take the residual benefit from each other, 2) Crop Diversification (new crops / cropping systems of agricultural production in a particular farm) in order to get more remunerative returns from value-added crops with complementary marketing opportunities, and 3) Integrated Crop Management including Non-Pesticide Management (NPM) and Integrated Nutrient Management (INM) both of which are produces by bio- wastage and thus fully organic in nature.

Under the project Low External Input for Sustainable Agriculture (LEISA) in running in two blocks of Bargarh, Odisha, the organization has been working for enhancing income of the small holders in the sector of paddy and mushroom, with special emphasize on INM and IPM. Banana is introduced as a better remunerative crop. 25 Farmer Interest Groups (FIGs) are formed and federated into FPOs at cluster level to support farmers. A total of 13 entrepreneurs (mainly women) have been promoted, who are engaged in production of Bio-products in their respective areas and earning on a revenue basis.

19 Annual Report: 2018-19 Sarva Seva Samity Sanstha

Another initiative in Hooghly of West Bengal, 4S has been working with 1,500 farmers and supporting the value chain of major commodities like paddy, potato and fruit-crop banana for maximizing their income and getting better market price. Based on the gap analysis done in baseline report, the intervention strategy was designed. Support like technical guidance and market linkages have been provided. The farmers are under the process of FPO formation.

20 Annual Report: 2018-19 Sarva Seva Samity Sanstha In partnership with ITC Ltd., the organization is promoting sustainable agriculture by Implementing NITI Aayog’s (The Think Tank of Central Government) programme. The project covered about 50,000 farmers of 100 villages in 4 districts (Pakur and Sahibganj of Jharkhand, and Katihar and Araria of Bihar). The aim of the project is to train the government functionaries to promote them master trainers and also make them capable to implement all the government schemes, and at field level to increase incomes of rural HHs through reduction in costs of production and increasing productivity of major crops in each district. In this financial year, 100 Farmers Field Schools (FFS) were established. A total of 49,821 farmers were trained and 2,595 farmers have been linked with e-NAM, Micro Irrigation, Farm Pond and Farm mechanization. Line sowing of wheat using Zero Tillage Machine (ZTM) was demonstrated in 588 acres land, which resulted saving of Rs. 4000- 4750/- per acre and improvement of 15-20% yield.

Since January 2019, one more initiative on sustainable agriculture, with a focus on use of GAP in Wheat and Paddy, have been started in 8 districts (Nalanda, Sasharam, Buxar, Mohania, Natwar, Motihari, Lakhisarai and Begusarai) of Bihar. The project is promoting agri-mechanization and encouraging the farmers to use ZTM and seed drill. A total of 23,038 acres wheat lands in 298 villages under 18 Blocks of 5 districts have already been covered through agri-mechanization. The farmers are happy with the enhanced quality and quantity of yield. ITC is also satisfied with the quality and buy back 6020 MT wheat for further processing.

21 Annual Report: 2018-19 Sarva Seva Samity Sanstha

An initiative on mustard value chain has been implementing with 234 farmers in 200 acres land of Jharkhand. The main activities included mustered potential pockets identification, farmer mobilization, input distribution (seed, micronutrient and bio- pesticide), trainings on Package of Practice (PoP) and output marketing by facilitating aggregation and procurement activities. It was a challenging job as Farmers went for mustard mono-cropping for the first time, because of that there was lack of knowhow about the crop among the farmers.

22 Annual Report: 2018-19 Sarva Seva Samity Sanstha

ii) Fisheries as livelihood option: Fisheries were identified as a growing sector across the country. It was also seen that despite huge demand of fisheries in eastern India and with huge water body and natural resources, productivity is very low and most of the demand is met from Andhra Pradesh. Also it was seen that productivity is reducing due to lack of quality seed material, and farmers yet to adopt better package of practices. Many farmers of East also do not see fisheries as a primary commercial activity. It’s just taken as a HH tertiary activity to meet home consumption and meeting demands during festivals. The community like “fishermen community- Mallah” whose primary occupation is fisheries either do netting operations or take ponds on lease but do not adopt any scientific approach resulting poor productivity per unit of water body. Keeping in mind the above situation, 4S has been providing effort in Fisheries Value Chain development to improve the life and livelihood of small and marginal fish farmers. It includes four types of services- a) Backward linkages- Linking with government accredited hatcheries for quality seed; and Linking with manufacturers/

23 Annual Report: 2018-19 Sarva Seva Samity Sanstha Wholesalers for getting feed, medicine and other inputs at a cheap rate, b) Institutional building- Promoting fisheries entrepreneurs and organized them into Fish Farmers Groups (FFG), c) Extension services- Providing them technical guidance at each stage of fish culture through theoretical/ on-the-job training, demonstration and exposure visit; Providing them business orientation; and instant support during sudden attack of disease or sudden mortality of fish, d) Forward linkages- Marketing support through linking the fish farmers with big urban markets to get better price realization. Apart from this, in FY 2018-19, 4S provided technical training, entrepreneurship development training, promotional support, capacity building training on market survey, monitoring and other handholding support to 20 fish entrepreneurs and two fish clusters (fisheries groups) of

Birbhum and of West Bengal. 4S has been working in fisheries value chain development mainly in West Bengal, Bihar and Odisha with the support of- Aditya Birla CSR project, Tata Trust via Institute of Livelihood Research and training (ILRT), Nirdhan Microfinance and Development and New Gen Livelihood Plus (NGLP) Pvt. Ltd.

24 Annual Report: 2018-19 Sarva Seva Samity Sanstha

iii) Livestock Development: Livestock support services are directed towards the Livestock practices and procedures including dairy, poultry and other livestock options. These services cover the entire life cycle of a livestock’s lifecycle, from generating good breeds to living condition and survival, to technologically improved production processes, to improved market access for their direct product and derived products. The expert advices in every stage helps farmer to generate higher revenues at reduced cost, hence generating value for our customers.

Back Yard Poultry (BYP): The activity “Back Yard Poultry” (BYP) involves rearing of birds like chicks and ducklings (majority) for the purpose to produce eggs and meat. BYP is a traditional activity associated with rural households. But, on economic point of view, in traditional approach, the growth of bird is very slow and it takes almost one year to attain body weight for marketable purpose (1 kg). Also it causes epidemic diseases spread sometimes resulting the loss of entire folk from village. To make BYP as an income generation activity, it requires scientific approach as well as a proper management system in the value chain. To address the issue, 4S has been taking some initiatives in Odisha, Bihar and Jharkhand - Mobilizing community in the form of Producer Group (PG) at village level having 15-20 members involved/interested in BYP in each PG; Awareness programme at village level as well as block and district level, which include the technical aspects of BYP; Backward linkages for inputs like chicks, feed, vaccines, medicines etc.; Forward linkages for output marketing of birds and eggs; Fee based extension services including health check-up, vaccination etc.

25 Annual Report: 2018-19 Sarva Seva Samity Sanstha The innovation is designed in such a way that the customers are trained to set up the activity and to continue the subsequent cycles with the income obtained from the previous cycle / activity. There will be cost on establishing system, initial seed capital to farmers and a revolving fund for the village level / cluster level farmers’ institution. Goatary: Under the project named Low External Inputs for Sustainable Agriculture (LEISA) supported by CSR wing of ACC Ltd., 4S has been working in goatary sector in Odisha since 2013. The intervention has been taken up with introduction of income generation activities including goat plus services. In the project area, people are already engaged with Goatary services. The initiative of SSSS is to additional doorstep services to increase production and decrease mortality. It is, therefore, named as “Goat plus service”. Nature of intervention was more or less as in BYP. It includes Technical training; Providing service Kit including Package of Practices (PoP), some basic medicine etc.; Forward linkages for purchasing good quality goats at affordable rate; Door step services like regular monitoring by project staffs, timely vaccination by the SMS (Subject Matter Specialist), health check-up etc.

“I am thankful to Sarva Seva for no mortality, regular health check-up, vaccination and proper guidance”

- Mr. Pandaba Kedei, Bardol village under Bardol GP, Bargarh

26 Annual Report: 2018-19 Sarva Seva Samity Sanstha Apart from this, one model farm is developed in Odisha on the concept of Integrated Farming System which combines different components like duckery, fishery, vegetable cultivation, fruit crops along with production of vermin-compost, vermin wash etc.

2.1.2. Sanitation In 2012, 4S with its sister organization BASIX and financial support of Water for People India Trust (WFPIT) started working in Minapur block of Muzaffarpur of Bihar with the strategy of- a) Developing sanitation services that last and deliver affordable, beautiful toilets and/or quick hygienic emptying services, and b) Achieving full, permanent & easily accessible sanitation services at scale, through tapping potential local private sector, c) Designing and executing targeted marketing campaigns. The assumption was that if the sanitation business can be established in an affordable price at doorstep with a strong supply chain, demand can be generated from a proper way and if latrine is being paid for by the household, then the percentage of latrine usage will increase. Side by side, it is important to provide improved sanitation solutions in a financially sustainable manner by selling at a price that the poor are willing and able to pay. The project approach was to establish rural sanitation marketing in the operational area including catalyzing a market, supporting businesses to get started, and then getting out of their way. The methodology was to lure private participation in forming a sanitation business by first starting their own small cement ring manufacturing unit and inviting potential entrepreneurs to understand and explore how the business worked.

27 Annual Report: 2018-19 Sarva Seva Samity Sanstha The project has successfully engaged local businessman and existing construction entrepreneurs either to establish Point of Purchase (PoP) or helping them expand their product range to latrines or latrine components. Sinvce 2017, 4S has been replicating the model in other three adjacent blocks of Muzaffarpur. At the end of FY 2018-19, 4S could successfully supported establishment of 17 new PoPs in Muzaffarpur and mobilized 3 FPOs in Uttar Dinajpur district of West Bengal to carry on sanitation business and set-up sanitation outlet. These PoPs reached break even points and started making a profit for the owner/enterprise within a few months. A typical margin for such PoP is around 25% to 30%.

This time, 4s added one component ‘tiger toilet’ to embed business support into the supply chain and is keen to integrate tiger worm eating the feces and producing vermicompost. FPOs started motivating their member farmers and selling tiger toilets in their areas. Tiger toilets are a solution in places where piped sewage systems and treatment plants are unaffordable and are impractical in dense and unplanned rural/ urban settings. Itisa low-cost, sustainable sanitation solution that uses worms (Eisenia fetida or Eisenia Andrei) to transform human waste into the product of nutrient-rich organic fertilizer and soil conditioner. Tiger worms can survive all kinds of conditions and can decompose human waste quickly and efficiently. Tiger toilet consists of a pour flush latrine connected to a concrete chamber called the bio- digester. The bio-digester contains worms, which live in a bedding material and feed off the waste, breaking it down. The waste is filtered through layers of sand, gravel and charcoal into a trough. This is emptied by the user and can be used as fertilizer. This process reduces the volume of human waste by 80 per cent.

4S also supported entrepreneurs in offering an innovative model ‘modular toilet’. It is low cost, easy to install toilet, less time consuming, and installation is possible even in the absence of masons and labour. Availability and affordability of all these products ensured villagers to have access to good quality, fairly

priced toilets, components and other services and no looking out for subsidy and grants.

28 Annual Report: 2018-19 Sarva Seva Samity Sanstha Seeing the model successful, Bihar government- Bihar Rural Livelihood Promotion Society (BRLPS), (The largest state-run Govt. program covering all women and HH in rural Bihar), adopted the model. With the help of BRLPS (JEEViKA), 4S has replicated the model in six districts other than Muzaffarpur (Seohar, Vaishali, Gaya, Bhojpur, East Champaran and West Champaran) starting from April’18. It has- 1) developed sustainable business models and promoted entrepreneurs for increasing supply of sanitation products and services through the CLF, VO and private sector entrepreneur’s, 2) strengthened the value chain for improved sanitation products and services offered by the CLF/VO and private sector entrepreneurs, and 3) created awareness and demand generation through behavior change communications of health and sanitation program through the network of community driven institutions promoted by JEEViKA. Within 12 months of starting of this initiative, total number of outlet from SHG federation/ VO/ CLF1/ private entrepreneurs has become 85 in Bihar. All these have resulted over 30,000 latrine construction in a relatively small geographical area. Two more FPOs (on from Uttar Dinajpur and another one from Birbhum) have been motivated by the success of three FPOs and started sanitation business. 4S has also been helping them by sourcing sanitation components from Gujarat & Kolkata and making them available at affordable price. All these results have been appreciated by Govt. of India also, and CSR wing of IRCRC has come forward to provide infrastructural support to these micro-enterprises in sanitation sector. With their support, 4S has mobilized 2 FPOs to establish Tiger warm incubation Centre that includes 1) breeding cum production centre of tiger warm, which is being used in tiger toilet, and 2) vermicompost pit. Vermicompost made from tiger toilets, Vermi wash and few other microbes incubated in the sanitation hub is helping in production of a range of bio-products which will be used by the farmers and reduce the huge upcoming problem of pit cleaning, disposal of toilets.

1 Cluster Level Federation (CLF) is a community institution promoted by BRLPS. It has a three tier structure with SHG at the base, Village Organization or VO in the middle (primary federation of at least 8 SHG) and CLF at the top

29 Annual Report: 2018-19 Sarva Seva Samity Sanstha

2.1.3. Micro-enterprise through Renewable Energy In collaboration with different companies, the organization started its initiative towards creating “Smart Energy Network” through VLE in energy dark villages of Bihar. Currently 4S has partnered with Smart Power India/ SPI (powered by the Rockffeller Foundation) and started providing knowledge support on its agri-processing units under micro-enterprise development initiative at various mini-grid sites. SPI envisages huge opportunity to support local entrepreneurs for setting up agri-processing units for enhancing their livelihood and also impacting mini-grid plant performance. The recent example is the rice hulling and oil expeller for supporting livelihood of tribal women and serving an anchor load to mini grid plant.

With the goal of increasing income of rural populace with the access of renewable energy (Solar/ Bio-gas/ Hybrid), 4S is working for exploring the possibilities in establishing new micro-enterprises using solar energy. It has also been supporting the existing Honey Processing Units (HPU) through forming and

managing the FPOs in Sitapur, Lucknow, Moradabad and Hardoi districts of . 4S helped the FPO to get registered and fulfil all statutory compliances necessary for running the business. The organization is also helping the farmers in pricing, packaging, branding and marketing of the honey from HPU.

30 Annual Report: 2018-19 Sarva Seva Samity Sanstha

2.1.4. Women Empowerment through SGH Federation Since its inception, the organization has been working with a large number of rural women with the aim of empowering them financially, socially and morally. The initiative has been taken in Gaya, Muzaffarpur, Augangabad and East Champaran districts of Bihar. It has formed a number of women groups, trained them on different issues, and supporting the groups for making them economically self-sufficient. The groups have been federated into 23 SHG Federations. Most of them have become self-independents now-a-days. The organization has currently been developing water and sanitation both as a social development work and developing viable business opportunities for the SHG /SHG federations by setting up water and Sanitation centres and outlets. Some of the SHG federation in Muzaffarpur area has started microfinance linkages for individual household toilet construction.

Another initiative was taken by BASIX with help of WDC in Muzaffarpur district, where they formed women federation named as Minapur Pragatishil Fedration. Later on, the nurturing of the federation was taken up by 4S. The organization provided them training on group management, record keeping and business orientation. They also supported them in financial linkages also. Currently, 12,000 women from 9 Panchayats of Minapur block are attached with this federation and their annual turnover is around 10 crore. They are now closely working with JEEViKA.

31 Annual Report: 2018-19 Sarva Seva Samity Sanstha 2.2. Capacity building of root level NGOs 4S is the empanelled Resource Support Agency (RSA) for training and capacity building for Producer Organization Promoting Institutions (POPIs) or FPOs under “Scheme for Promotion of FPOs”. Through a strategic planning meeting with POPI representatives, a sustainability plan was developed with their FPOs status, specific challenges and way forward. Few of them are doing good work and need to move further (can apply for matching grant), few of them are struggling on their business plan, and rests are struggling even on their existence (must go for membership drive, equity mobilisation, etc.). Accordingly, 4S has developed training modules for each stage, which as a whole emphasized on FPO governance, leadership, group dynamics, data collection and data handling, Business plan development, Value Chain Development (VCD) of agri-products, Financial Management etc. 4S has been providing a series of capacity building program and handholding support to 25 such POPIs and CEOs/BoDs of 60 FPOs promoted by them. In this financial year, six batches of training have been completed in Ranchi, Godda, and Petarwar, where more than 150 participants were trained.

We have also provided handholding support to 13 FPOs through field visit by our Resource Persons. The objective of the field level handholding support is to capacities these FPOs on business plan development, SFAC matching grant application, FPO governance, market linkages opportunities, other business activities, motivation of CEO and BODs.

32 Annual Report: 2018-19 Sarva Seva Samity Sanstha

Sl.No Name of PoPI Name of FPO District Block

1 BIRVA Omon Producer Co. Ltd. Torpa Barharwa Fisheries Producer Co. 2 BMVSS Sahebgunj Barharwa Ltd. 3 BMVSS Pakur Wadi Producer Co. Ltd. Pakur Amrapara

4 Jan Jagaran Kendra Birsa Munda Agro Producer Co. Ltd. Hazaribagh Bishnugarh Tamar, Bundu, 5 MJS Deori Maa Farmer Producer Co. Ltd. Ranchi & Angara 6 BMVSS Palkot Kisan Producer Co. Ltd. Gumla Palkot

7 Parivesh Society Gola Agriorganic Prod. Co. Ltd. Ramgarh Gola

Saraikela- 8 MJS Saraikela Jagriti Producer Co. Ltd Chandil Kharsawan 9 Aanteeka Poultry Producer's Forum SSS Ltd Jamtara Kundhit

TINPAHAR KISAN PRODUCER Co. Rajmahal, 10 BMVSS Sahebgunj Ltd. Taljhari

11 ASA Jagruk Mahila Farmer Prod. Co. Ltd Dumka Jama 12 Mahila Mandal Halmata Farmer Producer Co. Ltd. Chatra Itkhori

13 Aanteeka Questing Farmer Producer Co. Ltd. Jamtara Kundhit

33 Annual Report: 2018-19 Sarva Seva Samity Sanstha 2.3. Survey and Study 4S is pioneer in conducting different types of study in the domain of Livelihoods. The survey and study mainly includes value chain study, scoping study, feasibility study, LAE study, baseline survey, mid-term survey, end-line survey, impact study etc. In the FY 2018-19, the organization has conducted four studies, the brief of which has been given below-  Baseline Survey: A baseline survey has been conducted with 500 farmers under the project of “Promoting livelihood with intervention of agriculture and agri-allied Services in Sreerampur- Uttarpara Block under Hooghly District, West Bengal” supported by Aditya Birla Jan Seva Trust (ABJST). It was a descriptive cross- sectional survey of the project area to collect baseline data for understanding the actual field situation and their needs at the time of commencement for quantifying the project components. The study covered demographic profile, landholding detail, roping pattern, agricultural practices, income/expenditure, community institution and other information from 500 farmers HHs from six villages of three Panchayats of Hooghly district. The report will be referred as the referral

34 Annual Report: 2018-19 Sarva Seva Samity Sanstha

document for monitoring of the project and impact assessment.  Scheme Mapping: Under NITI Aayog programme, The 115 districts were identified from 28 States as “Aspirational districts”. 4S, with the support from ITC Ltd., conducted a Scheme Mapping Exercise (SME) in seven such aspirational districts (Pakur and Sahibganj in Jharkhand; Araria, Katihar, Sitamarhi, Begusarai and Seikhpura). The objective of the study was to map the existing Govt. schemes, which were considered in agriculture sector under Krishi Kalyan Abhiyan (KKA) for composite scoping and ranking these 115 districts. The survey team visited all district/block level offices of concern department to understand the district/block level status and also met with the farmers of different villages. Non-participant observation, Key Informant Interviews (KII) and Focused Group Discussion (FGD) were used to collect primary data. The study included overall performance of each studied district, scheme-wise success, changes and improvement needed.  Mines Study: There are a number of mines in , which are abandoned since years. All these mines are now full of water. The objective of study was to understand how to utilize the mines water for over all development of the nearby villages. The study conducted in 8 villages under Pakur block. The study team conducted FGD with the villagers, discussed with local KVK and ATMA officials and analysed the water testing reports. Based on these, the study revealed that the water can be used for irrigation purpose for some summer crops (like green gram, seas mum, okra, bottle gourd, bitter gourd, sponge gourd and cucumber), the waste land around mines can be utilized through high value plantation crops and as pasture land to feed goat and cattle; and last but not the least water can be used in aquaculture through biofloc technique.

35 Annual Report: 2018-19 Sarva Seva Samity Sanstha 3. Finance

3.1. Turnover of the organization for last five years Financial Year Revenue (in INR)

2013-14 937,879

2014-15 172,578

2015-16 4,791,523

2016-17 1,903,103

2017-18 7,718,307

2018-19 17,884,985

36 Annual Report: 2018-19 Sarva Seva Samity Sanstha 3.2. Financial Statement of FY 2018-19

37 Annual Report: 2018-19 Sarva Seva Samity Sanstha

38 Annual Report: 2018-19 Sarva Seva Samity Sanstha Abbreviation

4S: Sarva Seva Samity Sanstha BC: Business Correspondence BHU: Banaras Hindu University BRLPS: Bihar Rural Livelihood Promotion Society CLF: Cluster level Federation CSR: Corporate Social Responsibilities FFS: Farmers Field Schools FGD: Focused Group Discussion FPO: Farmers Producer organizations HH: Household HPU: Honey Processing Units ICM: Integrated Crop Management IFS: Integrated Farming System IIM: Indian Institute of Management IIT: Indian Institute of Technology INM: Integrated Nutrient Management IRCTC: Indian Railways Catering and Tourism Corporation IRMA: Institute of Rural Management, Anand KII: Key Informant Interviews KKA: Krishi Kalyan Abhiyan LAE: Local Area Economy LEISA: Low External Input for Sustainable Agriculture MFI: Micro-Finance Institute NABARD: National Bank for Agriculture & Rural Development PG: Producer Group PoP: Package of Practice POPI: Producer Organization Promoting Institutions POPI: Producer Organization Promoting Institution RSA: Resource Support Agency SaaB: Sanitation as a Business SHG: Self Help Group SME: Scheme Mapping Exercise SPI: Smart Power India VCD: Value Chain Development VLE: Village Level Entrepreneur VO: Village Organization WFPIT: Water for People India Trust ZTM: Zero Tillage Machine

39 Annual Report: 2018-19 Sarva Seva Samity Sanstha Recognition

40 Annual Report: 2018-19 Sarva Seva Samity Sanstha Media Coverage

41 Annual Report: 2018-19 Sarva Seva Samity Sanstha

42 Annual Report: 2018-19 Sarva Seva Samity Sanstha

All growth depends upon activity. There is no development physically or intellectually without effort and effort means work.

- Calvin Coolidge (1872- 1933)

43