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12_Other.txt 3/25/2010 Some prisoners of it were brought before Boetius Clancy and hung on the orders of Sir William Fitzwilliam. Mobilized three years after the Treaty of Nonsuch, it was scheduled to rendezvous with the army of Alexander Farnese, Duke of Parma, but the Battle of Gravelines derailed the plan. After surviving a storm, its humiliation by Norris and Drake ended with many of its ships washing up on the Irish coast, with the rest seeking refuge in Scotland. For 10 points, name this supposedly undefeatable fleet deployed by Phillip II to lead an invasion of England. Answer: Spanish Armada [or Grande y Felicísima Armada; or Great and Most Fortunate Navy; or Armada Invencible; or Invincible Armada; or Invincible Navy] (HSAPQ4) One of these was created by Count Loris-Melikov and was to be proclaimed on the day that the People’s Will struck. Some of the Decembrists thought that this was the name of the prince’s wife, while demanding “Constantine and” this during the accession of Nicholas I. The (*) 1906 one guaranteed the rule of law, named the emperor as the protector of the Orthodox faith, and restricted the powers of the Duma. For 10 points, what are these Russian documents, of which the 1906 one was also called the “Fundamental Laws?” Answer: Russian constitutions (HSAPQ3) The 2004 Saville inquiry overturned Lord Widgery’s earlier findings about this event. It was a result of the closing of Guildhall Square, which led soldiers to divert a march to the Free Corner. It occurred at a demonstration against imprisonment without charge that took place in (*) Londonderry in 197** Thirteen of the protesters were killed by British army shooters, though the question of who shot first was contested by the Northern Ireland Civil Rights Association. For 10 points, identify this sanguine event, named for its occurrence on a certain day of the week. Answer: Bloody Sunday (HSAPQ3) One perpetrator of this incident screamed “By God, his Mary has helped!” after mocking the prayers of one of its victims. The people responsible for this event supported the “Winter King” Frederick V, who was defeated the next year at White Mountain. It occurred because the Letter of (*) Majesty was violated by the closing of Calvinist chapels at Broumov. Its victims, emissaries of the Hapsburg emperor, were saved by a pile of manure. For 10 points, name this Thirty Years’ War-sparking event in which two men were thrown from a Central European window. Answer: 1618 Defenestration of Prague [or Second Defenestration of Prague] (HSAPQ3) This body first met in 1302 to support the king’s feud with Pope Boniface VIII. It was suspended for centuries after a contentious 1614 session, but reconvened when the taille (TIE-yuh) proved insufficient. Under the influence of a pamphlet by Abbé Sieyès, one of its (*) components left in 1789 and formed the National Assembly instead. For 10 points, name this body composed of the priestly, noble, and peasant classes, whose summoning by Louis XVI to approve a tax increase led to the French Revolution. Answer: the Estates-General [or States General; or Etats-généraux] (HSAPQ3) Eoin O’Duffy founded a group named for the “blue” type of these items in Ireland. The reforms of Lazaro Cardenas were opposed by Mexican Revolutionary Action, known as the “gold” ones. The supporters of Juan Perón were characterized by the lack of these items. Another group known for using these items organized the 1922 (*) March on Rome and used their “black” variety. Another group nicknamed for these was led by Ernst Rohm and was purged in the Night of the Long Knives. For 10 points, identify these articles which the Nazi SA wore in “brown” versions. Answer: shirts (HSAPQ3) Two foreign “traitors” during this period were Jacques Margeret and Jakob Pontusson de la Gardie, the latter of which lost the Battle of Kleshino. One leader during this period was assassinated at his wedding to Marina Mniszech, while another put down a rebellion at Vosma. Sigismund III Vasa invaded during this period, which saw three men (*) pretend to be Prince Dmitri as well as the reign of Boris Godunov. For 10 points, name this dark period in Russian history, which ended with the accession of Mikhail Romanov as tsar. Answer: the Time of Troubles [or Smutnoye Vremya] (HSAPQ3) 1 12_Other.txt 3/25/2010 Erwin Iserloh claimed that their manner of promulgation was a story invented by Philip Melanchthon. The Archbishop Albert of Mainz forwarded them to Rome. They note Saint Lawrence's claim that the treasures of the Church were the Church's poor, and the twenty-ninth makes reference to the legend of Saints Severinus and Paschal. Chiefly concerned with the sale of indulgences, they were posted on a church door in Wittenberg on October 31, 15** For 10 points, name these opinions of Martin Luther that sparked the Protestant Reformation. Answer: the Ninety-Five Theses (HSAPQ2) 2. During this event, a group led by William Smith O'Brien attempted to overthrow the government, but disbanded after a skirmish at Widow McCormack's house. The lowest point during this event occurred during "Black '47," when the Soup Kitchens Act was withdrawn. Those affected by this event often attempted to flee via "coffin boats," and it was exacerbated by absentee landlords. For 10 points, name this 1845 to 1849 event caused by an infestation of the Phytophthora infestans blight, a mass starvation on the Emerald Isle. Answer: the Great Famine [or the Irish famine; or the potato famine; or any combination thereof; or Great Hunger; or An Gorta Mor; or An Drochshaol; prompt on famine] (HSAPQ1) 18. One cause of this event, which was codenamed Operation Hummingbird, was Franz von Papen’s speech at the University of Marburg, and this action was spurred on by an army which was limited to one hundred thousand men by the Treaty of Versailles. Its victims included Kurt von Schleicher and Gustav von Kahr, but its main attack was against Ernst Rohm and the SA. For 10 points, name this 1934 purge orchestrated by Hitler which purged his potential rivals out of the Nazi Party. Answer: Night of the Long Knives [or Nacht der langen Messer] (HSAPQ1) 12. One of these occurred when Russian patriarch Nikon began to enforce reforms resisted by the Old Believers. Another of these was ended when the Council of Constance removed both Gregory XII and Benedict XIII and elected Martin V. Another of these in 1054 was started by the patriarch of Constantinople and led to the creation of the Orthodox Church. For 10 points, name these events in which fundamental differences cause a church to split into two different factions. Answer: Great Schisms [prompt on schisms] (HSAPQ1) The first man to hold this post was stoned to death in the church at Treves, and another man to hold this post was a patron of Saint Columban and rival of Willibad of Burgundy. Apart from Parthemius and Waldalenus, early holders of this post include a man who led forces at the Battle of Brinnacum, Landric, as well as Gogo. One of these named Ragenfrid was deposed by the victor of the Battles of Ambleve and Vincy, who would later defeat Abd el-Rahman at a more famous battle. With the blessing of Pope Stephen II, one nicknamed “the short” finally ended the charade and declared himself king. For ten points, name this post that held true power under the late Merovingians, held by Charles Martel. Answer: Majordomo [accept: Mayor of the Palace] (09EuroHis) One factor leading to this document was an attempt to make Prince Edmund the King of Sicily, which sparked a threatened excommunication by Pope Alxander IV. At the Mise of Amiens, King Louis IX of France agreed not to recognize this document, which Pope Boniface VIII condemned in two papal bulls. This document was passed during an Eastertime meeting of the so-called “Mad Parliament”. After the Battle of Evesham, the dictum of Kenilworth repealed this act, whose terms required Parliament to meet three times a year and created a Great Council of fifteen members with power over the King. For ten points, name this 1258 document that Simon de Montfort and the Barons forced upon Henry III. Answer: Provisions of Oxford (09EuroHis) In one country, these institutions were created by the Duris Laws and were known as JZD’s. In another country, these 2 12_Other.txt 3/25/2010 were created under a plan known as the July Theses and overseen by Louis Feher, and one country’s resistance to the creation of these institutions led to the March Deportations. Their use in their country of origin, where they received MTS loans, was defended by Joseph E. Medley but criticized by Hedrick Smith, who came up with a famous statistic about their inefficiency, and these institutions that led to the holodomor were also opposed by a group whose name means “fist”. Including PGRs in Poland and sovkhozes and kolkhozes in the USSR, this is, for ten points, what type of agricultural institutions where most land is held in common? Answer: collective farms [do not accept kolkhoz or sovkhoz, these are too specific; prompt on commune] (09EuroHis) Dolfo Spini led a group opposed to this event known as the Compagnacci. Fra Domenico trained hundreds of children to participate in this event, which may have been inspired by an earlier one organized by Bernardine of Siena. One historian who wrote about this event was Burlamacchi, who claimed that a passing Venetian merchant offered 22,000 gold forms to stop this event. The man who organized this event had earlier levied a tax known as “la decima” and was the author of the works “Infelix Ego” and “On the Downfall of the World”.
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