An Australian Genre?
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amiiu BUSI AN AUSTRALIAN GENRE? BRIAN MCFARLANE CELEBRATES SOME RECENT AUSTRALIAN FEATURES THAT TAKE FAMILY DYNAMICS AS A CENTRAL THEME AND ARE WILLING TO EXPLORE THE 'INDOCILE' FACTS OF LIFE. recently read somewhere that there her families or find ourselves in a rose- 2005) and Dying Breed (Jody Dwyer, 2008), aren't enough happy endings in ate glow. Perhaps Tolstoy was right in his mockumentaries such as Razzle Dazzle Australian films - that they are too famous and oft-quoted opening sentence (Darren Ashton, 2007) and Rafs and Cats downbeat and so on - and that this to Anna Karenina: 'All happy families are (Tony Rogers, 2007), mystery thrillers such is why they don't make enough alike; every unhappy family is unhappy in as The Tender Hook (Jonathan Ogilvie, money. Can there be a connection its own particular way.' And perhaps Ken 2008) and Death Defying Acts (Gillian Ibetween this commercial state of affairs (if Loach's early film Family Life (1971) was Armstrong, 2007), the odd romantic drama it is, in fact, the way things are) and the pre- wise in its choice of title, as the rest of the such as Unfinished Sky (Peter Duncan, ponderance of local films bent on exploring film articulates the schisms and repressions 2008), the biopic Mao's i.as( Dancer (Bruce the dynamics of families? If honestly exam- that rend a middle-class family and drive a Beresford, 2009), and even, heaven help ined, are families more likely to contain daughter into a state that requires psychi- us, the 'epic' Australia (Baz Luhrmann, groups of people responding, not always atric remediation. Classic American cinema 2008). There's more than this sample, wisely, to crises of various kinds? As I often had us believe that the problems of but it's enough to suggest that Australian write, the news is breaking of yet another family relations could be ironed out in time cinema In the 2000s hasn't, as Tarantino Australian film ofthe kind I'm interested in: for the gratifying closure of a happy ending. seemed to think, neglected 'genre'. 'It's basically a story of loss, with a family The resolution of familial tensions in Aus- coping with the death of the husband and tralian films of the last few years has been However, I want to suggest here that the father,' says producer Sue Taylor about her less certain - and maybe more honest. most persistent genre may be the fam- film The Tree (Julie Bertuccelli, 2010), which ily film, by which I don't mean films made garnered glowing responses at the Cannes Last year when he was in Melbourne for the family, but rather about the fam- Film Festival.' promoting Inglourious Basterds, Quentin ily, exploring its potential for conflict and Tarantino was quoted as saying, 'My thing sometimes, though more sparsely, for [N THE FAMILY WAY would be that you should do more genre rewards. None of the films that have made films', citing the 1980s when 'You had your me aware of this distinctive genre has been Perhaps the great English novelist Ivy gum-tree films and your kangaroo films and a Hollywood-style celebration of family life. Compton-Burnett was right (when was she your Hanging Rock movies.'^ I'm not sure They are all too likely to respond to its more not?) when she remarked that more harm exactly what he was talking about, and I troubled underside to allow themselves was done in the name of the family than suspect he wasn't either. It seems to me of any other institution. Certainly her spare that there has been a recognisable trickle novels, written almost entirely in dialogue, of genre films in the last few years: horror do not lead us to expect that we will leave films such as Wolf Creek (Greg Mclean, 1&/ CHARLIE & BOOTS BEAUTIFUL KATE i: LAST RIDE 42 • Metro Magazine 166 (though not pejoratively) be categorised as 'family melodrama', the prevailing mode of unqualified belief in a happy outcome, and attention to The Black Balloon (Elissa Down, the genre that is the subject of this study when they venture too near to the latter 2008) as an example of a family drama is that of low-key realism, not necessarily - they are apt to lose their grip on the reality crossed with a teen movie, or Charlie & and not often - making for the comfort of a they have been examining. Typically, their Boots (Dean Murphy, 2009) and Last Ride happy ending. If this makes them less popu- interest is in the family at some kind of (Glendyn Ivin, 2009) as examples of two lar, it can also be said to make them more crisis point - the result, for example, of films about family malfunction with road truthful, both to their own insights and to the serious illness or sudden death. These are movie affiliations, or The Horseman (Steven social reality that is so crucial an element of crises that require and bring about some Kastrissios, 2008), which portrays a riven their production contexts. reorganisation of the structures of relation- family situation and has elements of a road ships within the family unit. movie and horror film, or Closed for Winter And maybe I should say that it's not just in (James Bogle, 2009), part mystery, part recent Australian films that I've been made When I write of the family film as a genre, I'm family drama. But apart from Beautiful Kate aware of a penetrating, sometimes painful, aware that I'm really talking about a hybrid (Rachel Ward, 2009) and The Boys are Back analysis of what makes family life less than genre as often as not. For instance, I'd draw (Scott Hicks, 2009), which might reasonably idyllic for so many. Think of Ken Loach's haunting (and comic) study of a father alone in Looking for Eric (2009) or Michael Win- terbottom's heartbreaking Genova (2009), about a family trying to hold itself together in the face of the tragedy of the mother's death, or the French films Summer Hours (Olivier Assayas, 2008) and Quiet Chaos (Antonello Grimaldi. 2008), or the British biopic of John Lennon's youth. Nowhere Boy (Sam Taylor-Wood, 2009), or the US drama Brothers (Jim Sheridan, 2009). All of these deal with quiet appositeness with the grief and pain within families. However, it is the Australian feature Playing for Charlie (Pene Patrick, 2008), and the fact of its limited release, that has led me to reflect on this phenomenon of recent local cinema. Metro Magazine 166 • 43 TRALIAN & NEW ZEALAND FAMILY UNDER PRESSURE: For seven-eighths of its running time, PLAYING FOR CHARLIE Patrick and her collaborators, especially her actors, scarcely put a foot wrong. I Playing for Charlie belongs with films like wish, though, she hadn't felt a need to tidy The Black Balloon, with its heartfelt account it up at the end, when there seemed to me of a family whose life is constantly made to be too much and too easy reconciliation difticulf by its devotion fo an autistic son, in the face of the daunting obstacles that and My Year Without Sex (Sarah Watt, have been so carefully and tenderly put 2009), in which a family copes with fhe before us. mother's serious illness. All three are rich in the details of the lives they depict and they FAMILIES IN CRISIS are all concerned with how family dynam- ics can be thrown ouf of whack. In Playing Playing for Charlie brought to mind a bunch for Charlie, Patrick makes us aware of the of other recent Australian films in which a rotten deals fhat life hands out to some crisis such as a death, serious illness or people, without their having ever done any- act of violence has thrown a family unit thing to bring this on themselves. The father info major upheaval. In several cases the of the family has died the year before the crisis has happened 'before' the action of film starts; the mother, Paula (Jodie Rim- involve Tony in some shonky business fhat the film's diegesis and works catalytically mer), has multiple sclerosis and works night will, he says, help Tony get fhe money he to shape the film's narrative. What these shifts at a call centre; teenage son Tony needs for his rugby ambitions. films often have in common is a fragmen- (Jared Daperis), a potential rugby star, has tary approach fo revealing the source of to mind baby Charlie while Paula is at her I don't want to say more about the plot the family's strained situation. As well as thankless job. This is all the work that Paula than this. What I want to suggest is that Playing for Charlie, there are three films that can get in Melbourne's west, and hovering these narrative complications aren't there take as their starting point an oft-screen over her is the shadow of her own illness. primarily to create conventional suspense. death, or not only off-screen but either But this isn't just an essay in miserabilism. Playing for Charlie isn't at heart a melo- pre-credits or predating the opening of the Patrick imbues her characters and their drama where we expect all such conflicts film; Bitter & Twisted (Christopher Weekes, situation with impressive humanity, and in to be resolved in the interests of neat 2008), Ten Empty (Anthony Hayes, 2008) Tony's real promise as a rugby player the narrative closure. Essentially, its conflicts, and Charlie & Boots (Dean Murphy, 2009).