DOCSLIB.ORG

An Investigation on the Control of Gold Mineralization in the Beardmore-Geraldton Greenstone Belt and Surrounding Quetico-Wabigoon Subprovince Boundary Area

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
An Investigation on the Control of Gold Mineralization in the Beardmore-Geraldton Greenstone Belt and Surrounding Quetico-Wabigoon Subprovince Boundary Area Lakehead University Knowledge Commons,http://knowledgecommons.lakeheadu.ca Electronic Theses and Dissertations Electronic Theses and Dissertations from 2009 2014-01-22 An investigation on the control of gold mineralization in the Beardmore-Geraldton greenstone belt and surrounding Quetico-Wabigoon subprovince boundary area Stinson, Victoria R. http://knowledgecommons.lakeheadu.ca/handle/2453/519 Downloaded from Lakehead University, KnowledgeCommons AN INVESTIGATION ON THE CONTROL OF GOLD MINERALIZATION IN THE BEARDMORE-GERALDTON GREENSTONE BELT AND SURROUNDING QUETICO- WABIGOON SUBPROVINCE BOUNDARY AREA Victoria R. Stinson Department of Geology Lakehead University Thunder Bay, Ontario A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science © Victoria Stinson, 2013 11 ii ABSTRACT The Beardmore-Geraldton greenstone belt is located along the boundary between the Wabigoon and Quetico subprovinces in the Superior province of the Canadian Shield. Historical gold mines and current gold exploration camps are located throughout the Beardmore-Geraldton greenstone belt and adjacent Wabigoon subprovince in moderately to steeply dipping ductile to brittle-ductile shear zones in many types of lithologies, with various metamorphic grades, and alteration styles. The shear zones typically strike east- west along the boundary of the Beardmore-Geraldton greenstone belt with the Wabigoon subprovince to the north as well as along the boundary with the Quetico subprovince to the south. Field mapping and petrography, including microstructural analysis, were used to characterize the gold mineralization and investigate the control on gold mineralization in the Elmhirst, Castlewood, Pagwachuan, and Milestone properties in Greenstone, Ontario. Two property-scale and seven trench-scale maps were produced from field mapping and one hundred twenty-three transmitted and reflected light thin sections were prepared from samples collected from these properties. Lithology, structure, microstructure, metamorphic grade, alteration, and subprovince were considered as possible controlling factors on gold mineralization. In the study area gold mineralization is hosted in relatively competent lithologies including schistose to mylonitic metamorphosed granodiorite, syenite, and pegmatite; chlorite-albite schist, schistose amphibolite, and garnet-hornblende-biotite schist. The regional-scale structures that host gold mineralization are ductile to brittle-ductile shear iii zones that have a penetrative, schistose foliation and rarely a mylonitic fabric. The property-scale structures that host gold mineralization are folded, mylonitized, and boudinaged quartz veins; shear-related early, late, and complex folds; folded fault breccia, and pressure shadows of rigid minerals within schistose to mylonitic fabric. Gold mineralization is located in areas of micro-folds, micro-boudins, micro-fault breccia, undulatory extinction, and grain size reduction along irregular grain boundaries, subgrain boundaries, folded healed fractures, and in pressure shadows within areas of strain heterogeneity. Gold mineralization is located in both areas of greenschist facies and amphibolite facies metamorphism in the study area. The styles of alteration also vary within the study area with sericite, hematite, ankerite, calcite, and unaltered samples all hosting gold mineralization. Both the Wabigoon and Quetico subprovinces host gold mineralization in similar structures and microstructures as the Beardmore-Geraldton greenstone belt although it is within different lithologies, metamorphic grades, and alteration styles. Similar structure and microstructure are always present in areas of gold mineralization in the study area while lithology, alteration, metamorphic grade, and subprovince vary. Gold mineralization within stable prograde and retrograde metamorphic minerals indicates that gold mineralization was synchronous with ductile to brittle-ductile deformation and metamorphism. Further gold exploration in the study area should focus on structure and microstructure as indicators for gold mineralization. iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Dr. Mary Louise Hill has been an integral part of this thesis. Her time, patience, and intellectual support have been limitless, and definitely needed! Thank you for your ongoing support, Mary Louise. I would like to acknowledge and thank Kodiak Exploration Ltd. and Prodigy Gold Inc. for the financial support of this thesis. I sincerely appreciate the intellectual, logistical, and computer support I received from Erik Haroldson, Paul Dunbar, Jerry Solomon, Alex Pleson, Esther Moore, Cheyenne Sica, Marc Patenude, Tanya Couture, Art and Theresa J., and Patty! Anne Hammond, Al Mackenzie, and Colleen Kurcinka of Lakehead University have all aided this thesis immensely by preparing thin sections and teaching me how to use the scanning electron microscope. Lastly, I would like to thank my loved ones for their compassion, comfort, and kind support. An extra special thank you for always believing in me Kerrilyn, Kathryn, Marilyn, Terrance, and Gramma Verg! v TABLE OF CONTENTS AN INVESTIGATION ON THE CONTROL OF GOLD MINERALIZATION IN THE BEARDMORE-GERALDTON GREENSTONE BELT AND SURROUNDING QUETICO-WABIGOON SUBPROVINCE BOUNDARY AREA .................................... i ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................................ ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ................................................................................................ ii TABLE OF CONTENTS .................................................................................................... v LIST OF FIGURES .......................................................................................................... vii LIST OF APPENDICES .................................................................................................... ix 1-INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Objective of thesis..................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Property locations and access ................................................................................... 2 1.2.1 Geologic Setting ............................................................................................. 5 1.2.2 Geologic setting in the Wabigoon subprovince .............................................. 5 1.2.3 Geologic setting in the Quetico subprovince ................................................ 10 1.2.4 Geologic setting in the Beardmore-Geraldton greenstone belt .................... 12 1.2.5 Gold mineralization in the Wabigoon subprovince and Beardmore-Geraldton greenstone belt .......................................................................................................... 16 2-DATA COLLECTION .................................................................................................. 29 2.1 Regional and trench mapping ................................................................................. 29 2.2 Petrography and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) ........................................ 29 3-OBSERVATIONS ......................................................................................................... 31 3.1 The Wabigoon subprovince .................................................................................... 31 3.2 The Beardmore-Geraldton greenstone belt ............................................................. 53 3.2 The Quetico subprovince ........................................................................................ 76 3.2 Observations of historical outcrops in the Beardmore-Geraldton greenstone belt . 85 3.9 Summary of the Wabigoon subprovince................................................................. 87 3.8 Summary of the Beardmore-Geraldton greenstone belt ......................................... 90 3.9 Summary of the Quetico subprovince..................................................................... 92 4-DISCUSSION AND INTERPRETATIONS ................................................................. 95 4.1 Overview ................................................................................................................. 95 4.2 Structure ................................................................................................................ 100 4.3 Rheology ............................................................................................................... 104 4.4 Suprovinces and greenstone belt ........................................................................... 112 vi 4.4.1 Wabigoon subprovince ............................................................................... 112 4.4.2 Beardmore-Geraldton greenstone belt ........................................................ 113 4.4.3 Quetico subprovince ................................................................................... 115 4.5 Gold mineralization models .................................................................................. 115 5-SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS .......................................................................... 120 4.5.1 Recommendations ...................................................................................... 125 7-REFERENCES ...........................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Ipsp Consultation Participation by First Nations on the Ministry of Energy’S East-West Tie Consultation List
    Filed: May 9, 2012, EB-2011-0140, OPA Consultation Activities Record, Page 617 of 774 IPSP CONSULTATION PARTICIPATION BY FIRST NATIONS ON THE MINISTRY OF ENERGY’S EAST-WEST TIE CONSULTATION LIST IPSP Community IPSP Regional Community Consultation Meeting Consultation Session Animbiigoo Zaagi’igan July 4, 2011 Anishinaabek First Nation Biinjitiwaabik Zaaging July 4, 2011 Attended Toronto and Thunder Anishinaabek First Nation Bay sessions, June 3 and June 22, 2011 respectively. Bingwi Neyaashi Anishinaabek July 4, 2011 Fort William First Nation Ginoogaming First Nation August 5, 2011 Long Lake No. 58 First Nation June 29, 2011 Attended June 22, 2011 Thunder Bay regional session. Michipicoten First Nation Missanabie Cree First Nation Ojibways of Batchewana Ojibways of Garden River June 20, 2011 Attended June 22, 2011 Thunder Bay regional session. Ojibways of Pic River Pays Plat First Nation Pic Mobert First Nation Red Rock Indian Band July 4, 2011 Filed: May 9, 2012, EB-2011-0140, OPA Consultation Activities Record, Page 618 of 774 Filed: May 9, 2012, EB-2011-0140, OPA Consultation Activities Record, Page 619 of 774 OPA IPSP Aboriginal Consultation Communication Log Fort William First Nation Brian Ludwigsen Community Consultation Officer [email protected] Office: (807) 623-9543 Cell: (807) 252-0160 Fax: (807) 623-5190 Date Comment June 1, 2011 . Called Brian at 1:20 pm. Brian was in a meeting, left a voice mail message. June 8, 2011 . Sent an e-mail to Brian providing background information and request for a community meeting. June 10, 2011 . Called at 2:45 pm. Reception stated that Brian was in the office.
    [Show full text]
  • An Assessment of the Groundwater Resources of Northern Ontario
    Hydrogeology of Ontario Series (Report 2) AN ASSESSMENT OF THE GROUNDWATER RESOURCES OF NORTHERN ONTARIO AREAS DRAINING INTO HUDSON BAY, JAMES BAY AND UPPER OTTAWA RIVER BY S. N. SINGER AND C. K. CHENG ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND REPORTING BRANCH MINISTRY OF THE ENVIRONMENT TORONTO ONTARIO 2002 KK PREFACE This report provides a regional assessment of the groundwater resources of areas draining into Hudson Bay, James Bay, and the Upper Ottawa River in northern Ontario in terms of the geologic conditions under which the groundwater flow systems operate. A hydrologic budget approach was used to assess precipitation, streamflow, baseflow, and potential and actual evapotranspiration in seven major basins in the study area on a monthly, annual and long-term basis. The report is intended to provide basic information that can be used for the wise management of the groundwater resources in the study area. Toronto, July 2002. DISCLAIMER The Ontario Ministry of the Environment does not make any warranty, expressed or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed in this report. Reference therein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the ministry. KKK TABLE OF CONTENTS Page 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1 2. INTRODUCTION 7 2.1 LOCATION OF THE STUDY AREA 7 2.2 IMPORTANCE OF SCALE IN HYDROGEOLOGIC STUDIES 7 2.3 PURPOSE AND SCOPE OF THE STUDY 8 2.4 THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE GROUNDWATER RESOURCES 8 2.5 PREVIOUS INVESTIGATIONS 9 2.6 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 13 3.
    [Show full text]
  • Lake Sturgeon, Acipenser Fulvescens, in a Large Canadian River
    COSEWIC Assessment and Status Report on the Lake Sturgeon Acipenser fulvescens Western Hudson Bay populations Saskatchewan-Nelson River populations Southern Hudson Bay-James Bay populations Great Lakes-Upper St. Lawrence populations in Canada Western Hudson Bay populations - ENDANGERED Saskatchewan-Nelson River populations - ENDANGERED Southern Hudson Bay-James Bay populations - SPECIAL CONCERN Great Lakes-Upper St. Lawrence populations - THREATENED 2017 COSEWIC status reports are working documents used in assigning the status of wildlife species suspected of being at risk. This report may be cited as follows: COSEWIC. 2017. COSEWIC assessment and status report on the Lake Sturgeon Acipenser fulvescens, Western Hudson Bay populations, Saskatchewan-Nelson River populations, Southern Hudson Bay- James Bay populations and Great Lakes-Upper St. Lawrence populations in Canada. Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada. Ottawa. xxx + 153 pp. (http://www.registrelep- sararegistry.gc.ca/default.asp?lang=en&n=24F7211B-1). Previous report(s): COSEWIC 2006. COSEWIC assessment and update status report on the lake sturgeon Acipenser fulvescens in Canada. Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada. Ottawa. xi + 107 pp. (www.sararegistry.gc.ca/status/status_e.cfm). Houston, J.J.P. 1986. COSEWIC status report on the lake sturgeon Acipenser fulvescens in Canada. Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada. Ottawa. 1-32 pp. Production note: COSEWIC would like to acknowledge Cam Barth, Patrick Nelson and Craig McDougall of North/South Consultants Inc. for writing the status report on the Lake Sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens), in Canada, prepared under contract with Environment and Climate Change Canada. This report was overseen and edited by Nicholas Mandrak, Co-chair of the COSEWIC Freshwater Fishes Specialist Subcommittee.
    [Show full text]
  • 2012 Great Lakes Lake Sturgeon Coordination Meeting Ramada Plaza Ojibway Hotel 240 W
    2012 GREAT LAKES LAKE STURGEON COORDINATION MEETING RAMADA PLAZA OJIBWAY HOTEL 240 W. PORTAGE AVE. SAULT STE MARIE, MI 49783 Poster Abstracts The Importance of Intake Bar Spacing for Protecting Sturgeon at Hydropower Projects Steve Amaral ‐ Alden Research Laboratory, Inc., Holden, MA Description: Narrow bar spacings (less than or equal to 2 inches) have been installed at many hydro project intakes to reduce entrainment of fish through turbines and, when combined with angled structures, to guide them to downstream bypasses. The ability of narrow bar spacings to prevent entrainment is dependent on fish size and behavior and approach velocities. Even when fish are small enough to pass through a given bar spacing, many fish will actively avoid entrainment through intake racks as long as approach velocities are low enough for them to escape. Additionally, the relatively small size (less than 8 inches in length) of most fish that are entrained at hydro projects (with and without narrow bar spacing) usually results in high turbine survival rates. Therefore, determining appropriate bar spacings for any species or life stage should include estimation of physical and behavioral exclusion associated with proposed intake modifications, as well as estimates of turbine passage survival for fish that are entrained. These parameters can be estimated using existing data describing bar rack exclusion efficiencies and theoretical models developed for predicting turbine passage survival. When combined with the proportion of fish expected to pass over spillways for the expected river flows during a migration season, the bar rack exclusion and turbine survival estimates can be used to calculate total downstream passage survival for several bar spacings and a range of fish lengths in order to assess relative effectiveness.
    [Show full text]
  • Nnaaammmeeewwwaaammmiii
    HOW TO FIND ROUTE TESTIMONIAL HOW TO THE ROUTE FIND US “Canada’s boreal forest is an awe-inspiring The Namewanikan canoe route can be accessed at place to be. Stretching from coast to coast a number of locations along the route. The two across the north, it is like a vast green halo most popular are the Wildgoose Lake Beach and the or belt of virtually pristine forests, lakes and Nakina Kinghorn Road. rivers. And right in the middle of it all are the riverssurrounding Lake Nipigon. I fondly Wildgoose Beach Entrance: Travel 20 kilometers Lake remember my 2004 Namewaminikan River Nipigon West of Geraldton to the Wildgoose Beach Road. voyage and I think that it ranks right up Geraldton Longlac Turn North and follow the road for 2 kilometers to there for great boreal scenery and easy pool the beach turnoff on your left. There is ample and drop whitewater. As I travelled the river Beardmore parking and the beautiful beach offers an I marvelled at the jet black opportunity to have a quick swim prior to embarking on your trip. spruces sculpting the GREENSTONE skyline, feasted on Kinghorn Road: Travel 55 kilometers West of hatfuls of blueberries, Geraldton to the Kinghorn Road. Turn North and trembled at the roar of follow the road for 14 kilometers to the river. You a falls and admired the can access the river at the bridge. multi-green thick moss stretching down to water You could also start at the Highway 801 bridge or off edge. Not only is it stunning Highway 801 at Paint Lake.
    [Show full text]
  • COSSARO Candidate V, T, E Species Evaluation Form
    Ontario Species at Risk Evaluation Report for Lake Sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens) Saskatchewan-Nelson River populations Southern Hudson Bay-James Bay populations Great Lakes-Upper St. Lawrence populations Committee on the Status of Species at Risk in Ontario (COSSARO) Saskatchewan-Nelson River populations Assessed by COSSARO as Threatened Southern Hudson Bay-James Bay populations Assessed by COSSARO as Special Concern Great Lakes-Upper St. Lawrence populations Assessed by COSSARO as Endangered November 2017 Final Esturgeon jaune (Acipenser fulvescens) L’esturgeon jaune est un poisson bentophage à espérance de vie élevée et à maturité tardive. Il s’agit de l’un des plus gros poissons d’eau douce au Canada. On le reconnaît à ses grosses plaques osseuses et à son museau large et rond. Son aire de répartition regroupe les importants lacs et rivières qui vont du bassin versant de la rivière Saskatchewan en Alberta, à ceux de la baie d’Hudson et du fleuve Saint-Laurent au Québec, jusqu’au cours inférieur du fleuve Mississippi au sud. Sa répartition est étendue en Ontario, où on le recense dans tous les grands bassins versants de la province. Il revêt d’ailleurs une importance particulière pour les Autochtones. L’Ontario a identifié trois unités désignables (UD) en fonction de la différenciation génétique au sein de l’espèce (COSEPAC, sous presse), du plan d’eau occupé et de la séparation physique des populations : rivière Saskatchewan et fleuve Nelson, Sud de la baie d’Hudson et de la baie James, et Grands Lacs et haut Saint-Laurent. En Ontario, le nombre d’individus dans deux des UD (populations de la rivière Saskatchewan et du fleuve Nelson et celles des Grands Lacs et du haut Saint-Laurent) a chuté de plus de 90 % en 100 ans, principalement en raison de la pêche commerciale, de la pollution de l’eau, des obstacles à la migration que sont les barrages hydroélectriques et de la menace que posent les activités de gestion de l’eau et de régularisation du débit, ces dernières pouvant restreindre la disponibilité de la nourriture.
    [Show full text]
  • Late Glacial Sedimentation and History of the Lake Nipigon Basin
    Document generated on 09/23/2021 8:17 a.m. Géographie physique et Quaternaire Late Glacial Sedimentation and History of the Lake Nipigon Basin, Ontario Sédimentation tardiglaciaire et évolution du bassin du lac Nipigon, en Ontario Spätglaziale Sedimentablagerung und Geschichte des Nipigon-Seebeckens, Ontario Rick M. Lemoine and James T. Teller Volume 49, Number 2, 1995 Article abstract The Lake Nipigon basin lies north of the Lake Superior basin and was the URI: https://id.erudit.org/iderudit/033039ar hydrological link between glacial Lake Agassiz and the Great Lakes during part DOI: https://doi.org/10.7202/033039ar of the last deglaciation. A sequence of glaciolacustrine sediments, composed mainly of silt-clay rhythmites and sand, was deposited in the offshore waters of See table of contents glacial Lake Nipigon by overflow from Lake Agassiz and meltwater from the retreating glacier margin. Sections from six long sediment cores and four lake bluff exposures reveal a sandy (early deglacial) lower section that is overlain Publisher(s) by 300 to 850 silt-clay rhythmites (varves). Deposition of these varves, as well as coarser sediment along the western shore, began after 9200 BP, as the glacial Les Presses de l'Université de Montréal margin retreated northward along the continental divide that separated the Nipigon basin from the higher Lake Agassiz basin to the west. The absence of ISSN ice rafted clasts in the rhythmites suggests that the ice had retreated from the lake by the time they were deposited. On the basis of their elevation in relation 0705-7199 (print) to the lowest raised beach at West Bay, which formed about 9000 BP, most 1492-143X (digital) rhythmites probably were deposited between 9000 and 8000 BP.
    [Show full text]
  • Draft Proposed Assessment Report for the Lakehead Source Protection Area
    Draft Proposed Assessment Report for the Lakehead Source Protection Area Bare Point Intake Protection Zone Rosslyn Wellhead Protection Area LAKEHEAD SOURCE PROTECTION COMMITTEE February 11, 2010 Preface The Ontario Government legislated the “Clean Water Act, 2006” in order to protect drinking water at the source as part of an overall commitment to human health and the environment and to ensure safe, clean drinking water for all Ontarians. Protecting “Source Water” is the first step in a multi-barrier approach to ensure the quality and sustainability of our Municipal Residential Drinking Water Supply. A key focus of Ontario’s “Clean Water Act, 2006” is the production of locally developed, science-based Assessment Reports and Source Protection Plans. Based on the “Clean Water Act, 2006” Regulations, the Lakehead Source Protection Area was defined, the Lakehead Source Protection Authority was designated and the Lakehead Source Protection Committee was formed. The Lakehead Source Protection Committee, with support from the Lakehead Source Protection Authority, is responsible for guiding the development of a Terms of Reference, Assessment Report and Source Protection Plan for the Lakehead Source Protection Area. As per the “Clean Water Act, 2006”, the Minister of the Environment appointed Chairs for the Source Protection Committees on August 20, 2007. Subsequently, representatives from the watershed community (Municipalities, Conservation Authorities, stakeholders, water users and general public) were appointed to the Source Protection Committees.
    [Show full text]
  • No Hunting Permitted Areas 2011 Season Thunder Bay District
    Albany River Attwood River Osnaburgh Lake Cat Tail River Webb Lake Witchwood River Misehkow River Chipchase Lake Greenmantle River Kilbarry Lake Legend Caron Creek Woodilee Lake Musgrave Lake Caron Lake Frain Lake Crozier Lake Lake St. Joseph Eric Lake Woodilee Creek Lowry Lake Loune Lake Rouse Lake Dot Lake Greenmantle Lake Colleen Lake RAILWAY Deuce Lake Lowry Creek Murrell LakeSapwell Lake Jane Spurgeon Lake Bendall Lake August Creek Witchwood Lake Sim Lake August Lake Loreno LakeHayton Lake Gremm Lake Masterson Lake Aldous Lake Kent Lake Highway Stire Lake Coles Lake Morden Lake Aldous Creek Jemima Lake Wanda Lake Finton Lake Lidstone Lake East Pashkokogan Lake Gordon Reid Lake Primary Road Pashkokogan Lake Montcrief River Danny Lake Olink Lake Ken Harkes Lake Rockcliff Lake Sollows Lake Montcrief Lake Upper Hood Lake Komer LakeVancleaf Lake Dawn Lake Hendry Lake Secondary Road Greenbush Lake Little Metig Lake Webster Lake Styffe Lake Napper Lake Hood Lake Allard Lake Souter Creek Foris Lake Shoe Creek Kagianagami Lake Tertiary Road Shoe Lake Metig Lake d'Orsonnens River Winn Lake Souter Lake Davies Lake Mice Lake McCrea Lake Redman Lake Dawn Creek Thunder Bay District Boundary Takeoff Lake Webster Creek Grayson Lake Timon LakeMuskiga Lake Hildreth Lake Mice Creek d'Orsonnens Lake Muskiga Creek Arril Lake McCrea Creek Redmond Lake Whiteclay Lake Burntrock Lake Grayson River Wet Land Area Velos Lake Palisade River Mahamo Lake No Hunt Area 2011 Omdahl Lake Oldman Lake Little Savant River Scrag Lake Sorel Lake Ogoki Reservoir Oldman
    [Show full text]
  • Geology of Walters and Leduc Townships; District of Thunder
    THESE TERMS GOVERN YOUR USE OF THIS DOCUMENT Your use of this Ontario Geological Survey document (the “Content”) is governed by the terms set out on this page (“Terms of Use”). By downloading this Content, you (the “User”) have accepted, and have agreed to be bound by, the Terms of Use. Content: This Content is offered by the Province of Ontario’s Ministry of Northern Development and Mines (MNDM) as a public service, on an “as-is” basis. Recommendations and statements of opinion expressed in the Content are those of the author or authors and are not to be construed as statement of government policy. You are solely responsible for your use of the Content. You should not rely on the Content for legal advice nor as authoritative in your particular circumstances. Users should verify the accuracy and applicability of any Content before acting on it. MNDM does not guarantee, or make any warranty express or implied, that the Content is current, accurate, complete or reliable. MNDM is not responsible for any damage however caused, which results, directly or indirectly, from your use of the Content. MNDM assumes no legal liability or responsibility for the Content whatsoever. Links to Other Web Sites: This Content may contain links, to Web sites that are not operated by MNDM. Linked Web sites may not be available in French. MNDM neither endorses nor assumes any responsibility for the safety, accuracy or availability of linked Web sites or the information contained on them. The linked Web sites, their operation and content are the responsibility of the person or entity for which they were created or maintained (the “Owner”).
    [Show full text]
  • Isolated Copper Artifacts from Northwestern Ontario
    DAWSON: COPPER ARTIFACTS 63 K. C. A. DAWSON Assistant Professor of Anthropology Lakehead University, Ontario (Accepted February 7th, 1966) Isolated Copper Artifacts From Northwestern Ontario Over the last three years, there have been a number of finds of copper artifacts in the area immediately north of Lake Superior. Most have been single finds, and all are fabricated from native copper. The following records descriptions of the finds. LARGE CHISEL—PORT ARTHUR (Fig. 1 ) This was found in lucustrine deposits, about twelve feet below the present surface, during sewer excavations on the first terrace above Lake Superior in downtown Port Arthur in 1962. It is now in the collection at Lakehead University. The chisel is rectangular in section, has a flat base, and a slightly convex upper side. The bit is spatula-like and is bevelled on the flat side. The surface has been pounded smooth and is a copper brown colour with virtually no green discolouration. There are numerous flaws in the metal. MEASUREMENTS: Total length 32.0 cm. Maximum width 4.6 cm. Thickness 1.2 cm. Weight 113.4 gm. SOCKETED SPEAR POINT—KASHABOWIE (Fig. 2 ) The find was made in 1964 by Basil Battley, a local collector from Port Arthur. The point was found in the shallow shore water of Upper Shebandowan Lake at the mouth of Kashabowie River, in association with flint artifacts of possible Late Archaic date and under the Borden system of site designation, the site is referred to as Dd Jo-1. There were fragments of wood in the socket, but these were insufficient for more accurate dating.
    [Show full text]
  • An Analysis of Water Temperatures on the Rainy River in Relation to Critical Fish Spawning Periods, with Recommendations on Peaking Restrictions
    An analysis of water temperatures on the Rainy River in relation to critical fish spawning periods, with recommendations on peaking restrictions January 25, 2015 Prepared for: International Joint Commission Prepared by: Terry Marshall Dr. Robert Foster Rainy River Water Temperatures and Timing Table of Contents List of Figures ................................................................................................................................................ ii List of Tables ................................................................................................................................................ iii List of Appendices ........................................................................................................................................ iii 1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Impacts of hydropower water usage on fish reproduction .......................................................... 2 2 Critical reproductive periods for walleye and lake sturgeon ................................................................ 3 2.1 Walleye ......................................................................................................................................... 3 2.2 Lake Sturgeon ............................................................................................................................... 6 3 Water temperature measurements .....................................................................................................
    [Show full text]