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Estimation of Net Aerial Primary Production of Peltandra Virginica (L) Kunth Using Harvest and Tugging Techniques

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Estimation of Net Aerial Primary Production of Peltandra Virginica (L) Kunth Using Harvest and Tugging Techniques W&M ScholarWorks Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects 1988 Estimation of Net Aerial Primary Production of Peltandra virginica (L) Kunth using Harvest and Tugging Techniques Maryann Wohlgemuth College of William and Mary - Virginia Institute of Marine Science Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd Part of the Plant Sciences Commons Recommended Citation Wohlgemuth, Maryann, "Estimation of Net Aerial Primary Production of Peltandra virginica (L) Kunth using Harvest and Tugging Techniques" (1988). Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects. Paper 1539617585. https://dx.doi.org/doi:10.25773/v5-z49r-m613 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects at W&M ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects by an authorized administrator of W&M ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ESTIMATION OF NET AERIAL PRIMARY PRODUCTION OF PELTANDRA VIRGINICA (L.) KUNTH USING HARVEST AND TAGGING TECHNIQUES A Thesis Presented to The Faculty of the School of Marine Science The College of William and Mary in Virginia In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts by Maryann Wohlgemuth 1988 APPROVAL SHEET This thesis is submitted in partial fulfillment the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Maryann Wohlgemuth Approved, December 1988 Committee Chairman/Advisor Carl H. H§bbs, lit ,%. S Brenda L. Norcross, Ph.D. Gehe M . S i l b e r h o r n , P h .D. TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . ........... ...... iv LIST OF TABLES v LIST OF FIGURES . .................... vi ABSTRACT ............................................. vi i INTRODUCTION ....... ..................... 2 LITERATURE REVIEW ............................. 7 Peak Biomass Method ..................................... 8 Smalley’ s M e th o d............................. 9 Other Multiple Harvest Methods ............................. 9 Mortality Methods ................................. 11 Allen Curve Method.................................................. 12 Turnover ................................. 13 MATERIALS AND METHODS . .............................................. 15 Study Site .................................................. 15 Peak Biomass Method ................................................................18 Smalley’ s Method .................................................................... 19 Mortality Method ................................................................... 20 Allen Curve Method.................................................................... 21 Population Parameters....................................................... 22 RESULTS . .................... 24 Peak Biomass Method .............................................. 24 Smalley’ s Method .................................................................... 24 Mortality Method ....... 27 Allen Curve Method ..................................... 32 Population Parameters..................................... 32 DISCUSSION..................................................................................................46 Peak Biomass Method ................................................................46 Smalley’ s M e th o d..................................... 47 Mortality Method .............................................................. 48 Allen Curve Method ................................. 50 Population Parameters ........................................................... 51 Turnover . .........................................................................53 CONCLUSION..................................................................................................54 APPENDIX I ....... ................................................................56 LITERATURE CITED .................................................................... 59 VITA .......................................................................................................... 63 i i i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The encouragement and guidance provided by my major professor, Dr. Carl Hershner, throughout the course of this study are gratefully acknowledged. I would like to thank him for introducing me to tidal freshwater wetlands and for including me in a comprehensive study of the system. He also encouraged and supported me to participate in national, wetland meetings for which I am grateful. I would like to thank the members of my committee: Mr. Carl Hobbs, Dr. Brenda Norcross, Dr. Gene Silberhorn, and Dr. Richard Wetzel for their advice and critic al review of this manuscript. I am especially grateful to Mr. Carl Hobbs, for his encouragement throughout this study and editorial suggestions on this manuscript. I wish to express my gratitude to other members of the VIMS staff: Pat Hall for her invaluable assistance in the computer center, Harold Burrell for his assistance in the photo lab, and Ruth Hershner for her help in word processing. I am also grateful to Jim Perry and Paul Booth for reviewing my manuscript and to Jim for surveying the elevations of my sampling areas. I would also like to thank the Tacoma Hunt Club for access to and use of Sweet Hall Marsh to conduct this study. I am especially thankful to my husband Ned Burger, who throughout this study has been a great source of support and who always helped me keep my work in perspective. Finally, I would like to thank my parents Torn and Ann for encouraging me and showing a genuine interest in my work. iv LIST OF TABLES TABLE PAGE 1. The 1986 monthly harvest mean weights for each size class. 29 2. Biomass from tagged shoot mortality summed over the growing season for each p l o t............................ 30 3. Mean biomass lost to mortality, daily mortality rates, live biomass from tagged shoots and percent mortalities per day . 31 4. Live biomass from the Allen curve summed over all tagging periods for each p l o t........................ 35 5. Net annual aboveground primary production for Peltandra obtained from four methods ........ ................................. 36 6. Aboveground live biomass and production rates in 1986 .... 37 7. Aboveground live biomass and production rates in 1987 .... 38 8. Mortality rates per day, live harvest biomass, and percent mortalities per d a y................................. 39 9. Number of shoots recruited in each plot ....................................45 v LIST OF FIGURES FIGURE PAGE 1. Location map and study area ................. 16 2. Sampling locations in Sweet Hall Marsh, Virginia . V . 17 3. Aboveground live and dead biomass in 1986 . .... 25 4. Aboveground live and dead biomass in 1987 .......... 26 5. Mean number of shoots that died on each tagging date ..... 28 6. Mean biomass calculated for each cohort from the Allen curve . 33 7. Allen curve of the dune 10 cohort in plot 3 ......... 34 8. Mean density for each tagging period ............. 41 9. Mean density of live shoots in 1986 harvest plots ...................... 42 10. Mean lif e span of each cohort . ......................." ....................................43 11. Mean recruitment of shoots on each tagging period . ................... 44 vi ABSTRACT Bimonthly measurements of individual tagged shoots in permanent plots and harvests of shoots in nearby plots were used to make four estimates of net annual aboveground primary production (NAAP) for Peltandra virginica. The tagging data were used to estimate production from the summation of mortality and the Allen curve. Peak biomass and Smalley (1958) estimates were made from harvest data. The four estimates were evaluated and compared. Life history characteristics including: recruitment, mortality, turnover, and life span were estimated from tagged shoot data. 2 The production estimates from the mortality (789.44 g/m /y r) and Allen curve (823.102g/m /y r) methods were more than twice the peak biomass (352.64 g/m /y r) and Smalley (375.44 g/m /y r) method estimates. The two estimates from the tagged shoots incorporated seasonal recruitment, mortality, and turnover. These factors are especially important to include in estimating production for Peltandra. a fleshy tidal freshwater wetland plant with high turnover. Recruitment occurred throughout the season with a peak in May. Mortality occurred on all sampling dates with a peak in August. The mean lif e span was 53 days. Turnover was estimated from three methods NAAP/peak biomass (2.24), NAAP/mean biomass (6.83), and growing season/mean lif e span (3.6). Based on the findings of the lif e history patterns the mortality and Allen curve estimates represented true net production better than the harvest methods. vi i ESTIMATION OF NET AERIAL PRIMARY PRODUCTION OF PELTANDRA VIRGINICA (L.) KUNTH USING HARVEST AND TAGGING TECHNIQUES INTRODUCTION The purpose of this study is to make an accurate estimate of the net annual aboveground primary production (NAAP) for Peltandra virginica (L.) Kunth (Arrow Arum) by u tilizin g and comparing harvest and tagging techniques. Monthly harvest data were used to estimate production by the peak biomass and Smalley (1958) methods. Bimonthly tagging data were collected to estimate production from the summation of mortality and by using the Allen curve. The study also includes population parameters such as biomass turnover, mortality, recruitment, and lif e span from the tagged shoot study. There has been l i t t l e previous work that concentrated on production dynamics of macrophytes
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