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Information Technology: Applications DLIS408 Information Technology: Applications DLIS408 Edited by: Jovita Kaur INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY: APPLICATIONS Edited By Jovita Kaur Printed by LAXMI PUBLICATIONS (P) LTD. 113, Golden House, Daryaganj, New Delhi-110002 for Lovely Professional University Phagwara DLP-7765-079-INFO TECHNOLOGY APPLICATION C-4713/012/02 Typeset at: Shubham Composers, Delhi Printed at: Sanjay Printers & Publishers, Delhi SYLLABUS Information Technology: Applications Objectives: • To understand the applications of Information technology in organizations. • To appreciate how information technology can help to improve decision-making in organizations. • To appreciate how information technology is used to integrate the business disciplines. • To introduce students to business cases, so they learn to solve business problems with information technology. • To introduce students to the strategic applications of information technology. • To introduce students to the issues and problems involved in building complex systems and organizing information resources. • To introduce students to the social implications of information technology. • To introduce students to the management of information systems. S. No. Topics Library automation: Planning and implementation, Automation of housekeeping operations – Acquisition, 1. Cataloguing, Circulation, Serials control OPAC Library management. 2. Library software packages: RFID, LIBSYS, SOUL, WINISIS. 3. Databases: Types and generations, salient features of select bibliographic databases. 4. Communication technology: Fundamentals communication media and components. 5. Network media and types: LAN, MAN, WAN, Intranet. 6. Digital, Virtual and Hybrid libraries: Definition and scope. Recent development. 7. Library and Information Networks with special reference to India: DELNET, INFLIBNET, ERNET, NICNET. Internet—based resources and services Browsers, search engines, portals, gateways, electronic journals, mailing 8. list and scholarly discussion lists, bulletin board, computer conference and virtual seminars. CONTENT Unit 1: Library Automation 1 Seema Sharma, Lovely Professional University Unit 2: Library Software Packages-I 19 Seema Sharma, Lovely Professional University Unit 3: Library Software Packages-II 29 Jovita Kaur, Lovely Professional University Unit 4: Database 41 Jovita Kaur, Lovely Professional University Unit 5: Types of Database 55 Jovita Kaur, Lovely Professional University Unit 6: Information and Communication Technology 66 Reena Kapoor, Lovely Professional University Unit 7: Features and Scope of Communication 81 Reena Kapoor, Lovely Professional University Unit 8: Network Media 87 Reena Kapoor, Lovely Professional University Unit 9: Intranet 96 Jovita Kaur, Lovely Professional University Unit 10: Classification of Libraries 102 Jovita Kaur, Lovely Professional University Unit 11: Library and Information Networks in India 119 Seema Sharma, Lovely Professional University Unit 12: Libraries and Information Centers in India 125 Seema Sharma, Lovely Professional University Unit 13: Internet Based Resources and Service Browsers 141 Seema Sharma, Lovely Professional University Unit 14: Web Portal 153 Seema Sharma, Lovely Professional University Seema Sharma, Lovely Professional University Unit 1: Library Automation Notes Unit 1: Library Automation CONTENTS Objectives Introduction 1.1 Library Automation 1.2 Automation of Housekeeping Operations 1.3 Planning of Library Automation 1.4 Implementation 1.5 Library Acquisitions 1.5.1 Purpose of Library Acquisition 1.5.2 Objectives of Library Acquisition 1.5.3 Functions of Library Acquisition 1.6 Library Catalogue 1.7 Catalogue Card 1.8 Types of Catalogue Card 1.8.1 Cataloguing Rules 1.8.2 Cataloguing Terms 1.9 Online Catalogues 1.10 Library Circulation 1.11 Serials Control 1.12 Online Public Access Catalogue 1.13 Summary 1.14 Keywords 1.15 Review Questions 1.16 Further Readings Objectives After studying this unit, you will be able to: · Describe the meaning of library management system · Define catalogue card and its types · Discuss library circulation and its levels · State planning of library automation · Define library acquisitions in library automation · Explain the concept of library catalogue. Introduction An integrated library system (ILS), also known as a library management system (LMS), is an enterprise resource planning system for a library, used to track items owned, orders made, bills paid, and patrons who have borrowed. An ILS usually comprises a relational database, software to interact with that database, and two graphical user interfaces (one for patrons, one for staff). Most ILSs separate software functions into discrete programmes called modules, and each of them are integrated with a unified interface. Examples of modules include: · acquisitions (ordering, receiving, and invoicing materials) · cataloguing (classifying and indexing materials) LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY 1 Information Technology and Application Notes · circulation (lending materials to patrons and receiving them back) · serials (tracking magazine and newspaper holdings) · the OPAC (public interface for users). Each patron and item has a unique ID in the database that allows the ILS to track its activity. Big libraries use an ILS to order and acquire, receive and invoice, catalogue, circulate, track and shelve materials. Smaller libraries, such as those in private homes or non-profit organizations (like churches or synagogues, for instance), often forgo the expense and maintenance required to run an ILS, and instead use a library computer system. Librarians often referred to ILSs as library automation systems or automated systems in the 1970s and early 1980s. Before the advent of computers, libraries usually used a card catalogue to index their holdings. Computers came into use to automate the card catalogue, thus, the term automation system. Automation of the catalogue saves the labour involved in sorting the card catalogue, keeping it up-to-date with respect to the collection, etc. Other tasks automated include checking- out and checking-in books, generating statistics reports, acquisitions, subscriptions, indexing journal, articles and linking to them, as well as tracking interlibrary loans. Since, the late 1980s, windowing systems and multi-tasking have allowed the integration of business functions. Instead of having to open up separate applications, library staff could now use a single application with multiple functional modules. As the Internet grew, ILS vendors offered more functionality related to computer networks. As of 2009 major ILS systems offer web-based portals where library users can log into view their account, renew their books, and authenticate themselves for access to online databases. In recent years some libraries have turned to major open source ILSs such as Koha and Evergreen. Common reasons noted were to avoid vendor lock in, avoid license fees, and participate in software development. Library technology organization does an annual survey of over 1,500 libraries and noted in 2008, 2% of those surveyed used open source ILS, in 2009 the number increased to 8% and in 2010 (most recent year available) 12% of the libraries polled had adopted open source ILSs. 1.1 Library Automation Library automation which started in late 70s in few special libraries has now reached most of the university libraries. It is yet to take off in college libraries in India owing to various problems. We will try to identify the barriers, analyze the convenient steps in automating the library and the technology available. Even though this question seems to be very fundamental it is essential to emphasize this aspect as the library automation is yet to take off in majority of the Indian libraries. Secondly, while justifying need for library automation more than cost-effectiveness the benefits derived by the library users become the major consideration. Since library does not happen to be an economic entity such benefits need to be looked at in a different perspective. To appreciate the advantages it becomes necessary to highlight the different levels of library automation. For convenience it can be visualized at four levels: 1. Library cataloging system 2. Housekeeping operations and networking 3. Development of CD-ROM library/products 4. E-mail system and internet. Notes The library catalogue or index to the collection forms the base for most of the library activities such as acquisition, reference, bibliographic service, inter-library loan etc. 2 LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY Unit 1: Library Automation The users of library card catalogue will appreciate how fast the retrieval is, search and printing in Notes automated environment. If the same system is available in network environment, users can have simultaneous access to the same database. From the library staff point of view the cumbersome job of printing the cards and their subsequent filing gets eliminated. Also, it conserves space and saves stationary. The second level automation will be to use software which can handle all the housekeeping operations of the library such as acquisition, circulation and serial control thus creating a network within the library or becoming part of the existing network of the institution. Networking of computers within an organization helps the users to browse the cataloguing system from any of the workstation/terminal. A very handy technology available for library is the CD-ROM products which can be considered at the third level. The development of CD-ROM collection not only conserves space but
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