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Twin-Charger Stratification Injection (Tsi) International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395 -0056 Volume: 03 Issue: 12 | Dec -2016 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 TWIN-CHARGER STRATIFICATION INJECTION (TSI) Pranav Dake1, Akshay Ghorpade2 1 Engineer, Department of Mechanical Engineering, KITCOEK, India. 2 Engineer, Department of Mechanical Engineering, KITCOEK, India. ---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------- Abstract- After MPFI (Multi Point Fuel Injection), A pioneering technology, it employs a compact, high Volkswagen has come up with new emerging technology called powered engine resulting in less consumption of fuel. Its TSI (Twin-charger Stratification Injection). TSI engines unique Direct Petrol Injection combined with a turbocharger combine what Volkswagen has learned from TDI diesel tech enhances the engine's combustion efficiency to deliver a and FSI Fuel Stratified Injection engines. The Volkswagen TSI power output, much higher than that of conventional engine is smaller than most regular engines. This reduces fuel engines. Designed to deliver maximum torque even from low consumption and CO2 emissions, while still offering maximum engine speeds, TSI technology offers the twin benefit of not power. TSI is available on an increasing number of our cars, only increasing your driving pleasure, but also reducing fuel from Polo to Passat. The benefits are quite clear when you consumption significantly. compare them to older MPI systems: high specific torque is Awarded the International Engine of the Year as well as the available from much lower revs and maintained at most rpms. Best Green Engine awards, TSI technology is ever-evolving, This makes cars equipped with these engines are more lively at with even further improvements in the pipeline. lower revs, which in turn makes them more economical and 2. EARLIER SYSTEMS cleaner. The TSI engine combines direct injection with turbocharging and in some cases even twin charging i.e. In earlier days, the engines were equipped with naturally turbocharging and supercharging together for better boost. aspirated intake air systems. When piston reciprocates in Two other important components for a successful TSI are an cylinder, during its downward movement suction is crated intercooler to reduce the volume of the air coming into the which causes air to get sucked inside the cylinder (due to engine and thus allow more of it to come in and reduced negative pressure created inside the cylinder). This is how friction. naturally aspirated systems work. Key Words: MPFI, TSI, Twin charging, Torque After some years, a newer technology of gasoline injection came up. Still it is being used in most of the Automobiles. It is well known by the name multi Point Fuel Injection i.e. MPFI. 1. INTRODUCTION Fuel injection is a system for admitting fuel into an internal combustion engine. It has become the primary fuel delivery TSI stands for Twin-charger Stratification Injection. It is the system used in automotive engines, having replaced new series of engines Volkswagen has come up with. TSI carburettors during the 1980s and 1990s. A variety of technology, a combination of maximum power coupled with injection systems have existed since the earliest usage of the minimum consumption, is nothing short of revolutionary. internal combustion engine. The primary difference between carburettors and fuel injection is that fuel injection atomizes the fuel by forcibly pumping it through a small nozzle under high pressure, while a carburettor relies on suction created by intake air accelerated through a Venturi tube to draw the fuel into the airstream. Modern fuel injection systems are designed specifically for the type of fuel being used. Some systems are designed for multiple grades of fuel (using sensors to adapt the tuning for the fuel currently used). Most fuel injection systems are for gasoline or diesel applications. Fig- 1: Layout of TSI © 2016, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 4.45 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 821 International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395 -0056 Volume: 03 Issue: 12 | Dec -2016 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 3.4 Torque at all engine speeds Volkswagen TSI engines are designed to deliver maximum torque from engine speeds as low as 1500 or 1800 rpm. This translates into driving pleasure and fuel economy. The driver can make use of superb power delivery across a wide range of engine speeds, and TSI engines can be combined to excellent effect with higher, fuel-saving gear ratios. The unique feature of TSI twin charger technology, which Volkswagen is the only manufacturer in the world to offer, is the combination of petrol direct injection and a twin supercharger. The two components of the twin charger, a Fig- 2: Layout of MPFI system supercharger and a turbocharger, work in such a way that they perfectly complement each other. From idle speed up to The figure above shows how MPFI is equipped. an engine speed of approx. 2,400 rpm, the supercharger Now coming to TSI, here the air being admitted to cylinder is operates continuously whenever there is a suitable power pressurized by either turbocharging or by both demand from the driver. turbocharging and supercharging (Twin charging). Within the speed range of about 2,400 to 3,500 rpm, the The fuel (Gasoline) is injected with latest injectors. In twin supercharger is engaged as required, for instance for chargers, the air is first pressurized by a supercharger driven overtaking. The boost pressure is increased further by the by Crankshaft through gearing. Initially as the engine speed in-line exhaust turbocharger. From 3,500 rpm upwards, only is less turbocharger can’t work efficiently. So to cater for this the turbocharger boosts the charge pressure in the cylinder. supercharger is introduced. As engine speed increases the Each stage of the twin charger is thus always operated in its power to supercharger is cut by an electromagnetic clutch as optimum range. hence a turbocharger comes into action. It then blows air The twin charger gives the TSI engine a flat torque curve under pressure into the cylinder. right from idling speed and across a broad speed range, as 3. TSI TECHNOLOGY well as outstanding maximum power combined with very low fuel consumption. For engines with a lower power Here are the main advantages of TSI - rating, Volkswagen uses the TSI turbocharger technology. Like the TSI twin charger, this system delivers a superb high 3.1 Combining driving pleasure and economy torque at low engine revs with extremely good fuel economy. In developing TSI technology it was their aim to create As with the TDI engines before, Volkswagen has again engines that offer significant benefits by reducing fuel succeeded in combining driving pleasure and economy with consumption and CO2 emissions while offering impressive its TSI technology. power delivery. 3.2 Advantages resulting from “downsizing” The recipe for the success of Volkswagen’s TSI engines is to be found in “downsizing.” Maximum power is obtained with minimum fuel consumption from a smaller engine. The reduction in engine size has brought better efficiency, as there is less power loss resulting from friction. The smaller engines also have the advantage of being lighter from the outset, so there's less weight to shift in the vehicle. Volkswagen’s TSI engines take full advantage of these effects. 3.3 Gas direct injection plus charging Pioneering technology used in TSI engines combines direct Fig- 3: Torque variation with RPM fuel injection with a turbocharger or charge compression with a turbo and a supercharger, enabling them to deliver 4. STEPPING UP THE PRESSURE impressive performance figures and torque as well as the full Once upon a time, everything was easier. Big engines were spectrum of driving pleasure despite their smaller size. more powerful and small engines were less powerful. Combustion of fuel is particularly efficient, with the result Displacement was the key, as petrol engine cars usually that power output of TSI engines is considerably higher than needed big normally aspirated engines for effortless that of conventional, naturally aspirated engines. performance with high torque and brisk acceleration through the gears. © 2016, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 4.45 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 822 International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395 -0056 Volume: 03 Issue: 12 | Dec -2016 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 “Nothing beats cubic capacity – except more cubic capacity” 5. VARIANTS IN TSI ENGINE SERIES was an unwritten law of technology for many years, at least where production models were concerned. If you wanted When comparing an older 1.6 105 hp MPI automatic with the more performance, you had to buy a model with more power new 1.2 105 hp TSI DSG, Volkswagen found that emissions or better still a bigger car. But greater size and performance had dropped by a very impressive 50 grams. In addition, almost invariably meant higher fuel consumption. unlike a hybrid engine powertrain which can’t keep up with Until a few years ago, car-buyers faced a fundamental choice: with highway speeds once the battery is drained, TSIs have they were forced to opt for good performance or reasonable no such downside. In fact, the PFI (Performance Feel Index fuel economy. Today, you can have both. All it takes is the developed by the automaker) figures are even better due to right technology under the bonnet.
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