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Development of a Throttleless Natural Gas Engine
February 2002 • NREL/SR-540-31141 Development of a Throttleless Natural Gas Engine Final Report John T. Kubesh Southwest Research Institute San Antonio, Texas National Renewable Energy Laboratory 1617 Cole Boulevard Golden, Colorado 80401-3393 NREL is a U.S. Department of Energy Laboratory Operated by Midwest Research Institute ••• Battelle ••• Bechtel Contract No. DE-AC36-99-GO10337 February 2002 • NREL/SR-540-31141 Development of a Throttleless Natural Gas Engine Final Report John T. Kubesh Southwest Research Institute San Antonio, Texas NREL Technical Monitor: Mike Frailey Prepared under Subcontract No. ZCI-9-29065-01 National Renewable Energy Laboratory 1617 Cole Boulevard Golden, Colorado 80401-3393 NREL is a U.S. Department of Energy Laboratory Operated by Midwest Research Institute ••• Battelle ••• Bechtel Contract No. DE-AC36-99-GO10337 NOTICE This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States government. Neither the United States government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States government or any agency thereof. Available electronically at http://www.osti.gov/bridge Available for a processing fee to U.S. -
Experimental Investigation of HCCI Engine with Ethanol Manifold Injection
Journal of Basic and Applied Engineering Research Print ISSN: 2350-0077; Online ISSN: 2350-0255; Volume 1, Number 4; October, 2014 pp. 16-20 © Krishi Sanskriti Publications http://www.krishisanskriti.org/jbaer.html Experimental Investigation of HCCI Engine with Ethanol Manifold Injection Aswin R.1, Karthick Sundar R.2, Aravindraj S.3, Bhaskar K.4 1,2 Department of Automobile Engineering Rajalakshmi Engineering College, Thandalam, Chennai, India Abstract: In this work the homogeneous charge compression occurs at the boundary of fuel-air mixing, caused by an ignition engine with manifold ethanol injection and diesel in the injection event, to initiate combustion. in-cylinder injection were selected as fuels and test conducted in a single cylinder constant speed diesel engine.HCCI combustion The defining characteristics of HCCI engine is that the incorporates the advantages of both spark ignition engines and compression ignition engines. The effect of pre mixed ratio and ignition occurs at several places at a time which makes the injection timing were studied to determine the performance, fuel/air mixture burn nearly spontaneously. There is no direct emission and combustion characteristics of HCCI engine.In initiator of combustion. This makes the process inherently cylinder pressure crank angle diagram was obtained using AVL challenging to control. However, with advances in piezo electric pressure transducer and AVL crank angle decoder. microprocessors and a physical understanding of the ignition The combustion parameters like peak pressure, combustion process, HCCI can be controlled to achieve gasoline engine- duration, heat release rate, cumulative heat release rate, mass like emissions along with diesel engine like efficiency. -
05 NG Engine Technology.Pdf
Table of Contents NG Engine Technology Subject Page New Generation Engine Technology . .5 Turbocharging . .6 Turbocharging Terminology . .6 Basic Principles of Turbocharging . .7 Bi-turbocharging . .10 Air Ducting Overview . .12 Boost-pressure Control (Wastegate) . .14 Blow-off Control (Diverter Valves) . .15 Charge-air Cooling . .18 Direct Charge-air Cooling . .18 Indirect Charge Air Cooling . .18 Twin Scroll Turbocharger . .20 Function of the Twin Scroll Turbocharger . .22 Diverter valve . .22 Tuned Pulsed Exhaust Manifold . .23 Load Control . .24 Controlled Variables . .25 Service Information . .26 Limp-home Mode . .26 Direct Injection . .28 Direct Injection Principles . .29 Mixture Formation . .30 High Precision Injection . .32 HPI Function . .33 High Pressure Pump Function and Design . .35 Pressure Generation in High-pressure Pump . .36 Limp-home Mode . .37 Fuel System Safety . .38 Piezo Fuel Injectors . .39 Injector Design and Function . .40 Injection Strategy . .42 Initial Print Date: 09/06 Revision Date: 03/11 Subject Page Piezo Element . .43 Injector Adjustment . .43 Injector Control and Adaptation . .44 Injector Adaptation . .44 Optimization . .45 HDE Fuel Injection . .46 VALVETRONIC III . .47 Phasing . .47 Masking . .47 Combustion Chamber Geometry . .48 VALVETRONIC Servomotor . .50 Function . .50 Subject Page BLANK PAGE NG Engine Technology Model: All from 2007 Production: All After completion of this module you will be able to: • Understand the technology used on BMW turbo engines • Understand basic turbocharging principles • Describe the benefits of twin Scroll Turbochargers • Understand the basics of second generation of direct injection (HPI) • Describe the benefits of HDE solenoid type direct injection • Understand the main differences between VALVETRONIC II and VALVETRONIC II I 4 NG Engine Technology New Generation Engine Technology In 2005, the first of the new generation 6-cylinder engines was introduced as the N52. -
A Review of Performance-Enhancing Innovative Modifications in Biodiesel Engines
energies Review A Review of Performance-Enhancing Innovative Modifications in Biodiesel Engines T. M. Yunus Khan 1,2 1 Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, PO Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia; [email protected] 2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia Received: 1 August 2020; Accepted: 24 August 2020; Published: 26 August 2020 Abstract: The ever-increasing demand for transport is sustained by internal combustion (IC) engines. The demand for transport energy is large and continuously increasing across the globe. Though there are few alternative options emerging that may eliminate the IC engine, they are in a developing stage, meaning the burden of transportation has to be borne by IC engines until at least the near future. Hence, IC engines continue to be the prime mechanism to sustain transportation in general. However, the scarcity of fossil fuels and its rising prices have forced nations to look for alternate fuels. Biodiesel has been emerged as the replacement of diesel as fuel for diesel engines. The use of biodiesel in the existing diesel engine is not that efficient when it is compared with diesel run engine. Therefore, the biodiesel engine must be suitably improved in its design and developments pertaining to the intake manifold, fuel injection system, combustion chamber and exhaust manifold to get the maximum power output, improved brake thermal efficiency with reduced fuel consumption and exhaust emissions that are compatible with international standards. This paper reviews the efforts put by different researchers in modifying the engine components and systems to develop a diesel engine run on biodiesel for better performance, progressive combustion and improved emissions. -
United States Patent 19 L L 3,948,227 Guenther 45) Apr
United States Patent 19 l l 3,948,227 Guenther 45) Apr. 6, 1976 54 STRATIFED CHARGE ENGINE 57 ABSTRACT 76 Inventor: William D. Guenther, R.R. 2, An apparatus for applying a stratified charge to a re Hagerstown, Ind. 47346 ciprocating internal combustion engine is disclosed. 22 Filed: Mar. 8, 1974 The apparatus comprises a cylindrical rotary valve body disposed for rotation within the head of an inter 21 ) Appl. No.: 449,241 nal combustion engine. The valve body defines dia metrically extending inlet and exhaust passages which, 52 U.S. C. ....... 123/32 SP; 123175 B; 123/190 A; during rotation of the valve body, place a cylinder of 123/190 B; 123/190 BD; 123/80 BA the engine in sequential communication with an inlet 5 i Int. Cl........................ F02B 19/10; FO1 L7/00 manifold and an exhaust manifold secured to the 58) Field of Search........... 123/32 ST, 32 SP, 75 B, head. The inlet manifold comprises a double-passage 123/80 BA, 33 VC, 190 R, 190 B, 190 BB, gallery for transporting a lean fuel/air charge in a first 190 BD, 190 D, 190 C, 127 passage and a rich fuel/air charge in a second passage. Rotation of the inlet passage into communication with (56) References Cited the cylinder also brings the inlet passage into sequen UNITED STATES PATENTS tial communication with the first throat and then the 194,047 8/1877 Otto.................................. 123,175 B second throat for transporting the first lean charge 1,594,664 8/1926 Congellier......................... 123,175 B and then the second rich charge to the cylinder. -
Hydrogen Injection in a Dual Fuel Engine Fueled with Low-Pressure Injection of Methyl Ester of Thevetia Peruviana (METP) for Diesel Engine Maintenance Application
energies Article Hydrogen Injection in a Dual Fuel Engine Fueled with Low-Pressure Injection of Methyl Ester of Thevetia Peruviana (METP) for Diesel Engine Maintenance Application Mahantesh Marikatti 1, N. R. Banapurmath 2, V. S. Yaliwal 1, Y.H. Basavarajappa 3, Manzoore Elahi M Soudagar 4 , Fausto Pedro García Márquez 5,* , MA Mujtaba 4 , H. Fayaz 6, Bharat Naik 7, T.M. Yunus Khan 8 , Asif Afzal 9 and Ahmed I. EL-Seesy 10 1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, SDM College of Engineering and Technology, Dharwad, Karnataka 580002, India; mkmarikatti@rediffmail.com (M.M.); vsyaliwal2000@rediffmail.com (V.S.Y.) 2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, B.V.B. College of Engineering and Technology KLE Technological University, BVB College Campus, Hubli, Karnataka 580021, India; [email protected] 3 Department of Mechanical Engineering, P.E.S. Institute of Technology and Management, Shivamogga 577204, India; [email protected] 4 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; [email protected] (M.E.M.S.); [email protected] (M.M.) 5 Ingenium Research Group, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real 13071, Spain 6 Modeling Evolutionary Algorithms Simulation and Artificial Intelligence, Faculty of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 758307, Vietnam; [email protected] 7 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Jain College of Engineering, Belagavi Karnataka 590014, India; [email protected] 8 Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Asir, Saudi Arabia; [email protected] 9 P. -
Open FINAL THESIS Submitted.Pdf
THE PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY SCHREYER HONORS COLLEGE DEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING SCIENCE AND MECHANICS DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF AN ELECTRONIC FUEL INJECTION SYSTEM FOR A HYDROGEN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE IN A HYBRID VEHICLE WADE MCCORKEL Spring 2010 A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a baccalaureate degree in Engineering Science with honors in Engineering Science Reviewed and approved* by the following: Joel Anstrom Research Associate, Larson Transportation Institute Thesis Supervisor Christine Masters Assistant Professor of Engineering Science and Mechanics Honors Advisor Judith A. Todd P. B. Breneman Department Head Chair Professor, Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics *Signatures are on file in the Schreyer Honors College and the Engineering Science and Mechanics office. ABSTRACT With the current oil crisis looming, the search for an alternative fuel is one of the most pressing issues for modern day society. A realistic option is the use of hydrogen as a fuel in an internal combustion engine. According to Argonne mechanical engineer Steve Ciatti, “Hydrogen-powered internal combustion engines (H2ICEs) are a low-cost, near-term technology. They can be the catalyst to building a hydrogen infrastructure for fuel cells.” Using hydrogen as a combustion fuel can be implemented relatively quickly and successfully. Although the conversion from gasoline to hydrogen is rather simple, optimizing the engine for efficiency is quite challenging. One necessary addition is an electronic fuel injection -
Charge Stratification for an Internal Combustion Engine
CHARGE STRATIFICATION FOR AN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Engineering (Mechanical) in the University of Canterbury by CHRISTIAN CHANDRAKUMAR ZAVIER Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Canterbury 1991 To My Mother CONTENTS PAGE ABSTRACT (i) ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS (iii) LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS (iv) UST OF TABLES (vi) LIST OF PLATES (vii) LIST OF FIGURES (viii) CHAPTER 1 : INTRODUCTION 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Fuel economy 1 1.3 Exhaust emissions 2 1.4 Lean burn engines 10 1.5 Introduction to the present work 17 CHAPTER 2 : LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Introduction 23 2.2 Basic principle of charge stratification 23 2.3 Stratified charge engines 24 2.4 Development of stratified charge engines 24 2.5 Flame propagation in a stratified charge mixture 32 2.6 Effect of air motion on a stratified charge engine performance 35 2.7 Pollutant formation in stratified charge engines 37 2.8 Fuel economy results with stratified charge engines 41 2.9 Exhaust emission results of stratified charge engines 42 CHAPTER 3: EXPERIMENTAL APPARATUS 3.1 Apparatus for the engine combustion experiments 44 3.2 Apparatus for the combustion chamber simulation 50 CHAPTER 4 : EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE 4.1 Combustion experiments 61 4.2 Combustion chamber simulation 68 CHAPTER 5: DATA ANALYSIS 5.1 Nomenclature 79 5.2 Combustion experiments 81 5.3 Combustion chamber simulation 86 CHAPTER 6: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 6.1 General 87 6.2 Experimental results 88 6.3 Performance optimisation study 89 6.4 Engine -
Light Duty Natural Gas Engine Characterization
Light Duty Natural Gas Engine Characterization THESIS Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By David Roger Hillstrom Graduate Program in Mechanical Engineering The Ohio State University 2014 Master's Examination Committee: Professor Giorgio Rizzoni, Advisor Professor Shawn Midlam-Mohler Dr. Fabio Chiara Copyright by David Roger Hillstrom 2014 Abstract The purpose of this project was to characterize the baseline performance of a 2012 Honda Civic Natural Gas vehicle including: designing experiments to generate complete performance maps, executing the experiments, and analyzing the experimental data. In the end, the results yielded a deep understanding of the 1.8 L four cylinder CNG engine’s combustion and air flow performance, as well as a good understanding of steady state engine out emissions. This information is used to isolate inefficiencies in design and propose possible avenues for improvement. The data that was acquired was then used to inform an existing 1-D computational model of the same engine in order to determine if, and where, the model was inaccurate, and determine what steps were necessary to improve it. The resulting test data provides a data based background to the well-understood issues regarding a CNG port-fuel injected vehicle. The volumetric efficiency at low engine speeds was typically around 70%, resulting in an IMEP loss of about 15% compared to the engines peak possible performance. A CNG direct injection system is one possible solution to this problem. Additionally, the engine efficiency and spark timing map demonstrate that, even with the high compression ratio, the vehicle is not currently limited by engine knock. -
Hydrogen Use in Internal Combustion Engine: a Review
International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology Vol.3 No.2 87-99 (2015) http://dx.doi.org/10.17703/IJACT.2015.3.2.87 IJACT 15-2-10 HYDROGEN USE IN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE: A REVIEW Vasu Kumar1, Dhruv Gupta2, Naveen Kumar3 1CASRAE, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, India [email protected] 2CASRAE, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, India [email protected] 3CASRAE, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, India [email protected] ABSTRACT Fast depletion of fossil fuels is urgently demanding a carry out work for research to find out the viable alternative fuels for meeting sustainable energy demand with minimum environmental impact. In the future, our energy systems will need to be renewable and sustainable, efficient and cost-effective, convenient and safe. Hydrogen is expected to be one of the most important fuels in the near future to meet the stringent emission norms. The use of the hydrogen as fuel in the internal combustion engine represents an alternative use to replace the hydrocarbons fuels, which produce polluting gases such as carbon monoxide (CO), hydro carbon (HC) during combustion. In this paper contemporary research on the hydrogen-fuelled internal combustion engine can be given. First hydrogen-engine fundamentals were described by examining the engine-specific properties of hydrogen and then existing literature were surveyed. Keywords: Internal combustion engine, hydrogen, emissions, alternative fuel 1. INTRODUCTION Diesel engines are the main prime movers for transport, agricultural applications and stationary power generation. But diesel engines are emitting higher NOx and smoke emissions compared with gasoline operated vehicle. Hence it is necessary to find a suitable alternate fuel, which is capable of partial of complete replacement [1]. -
Recycled Water Injection in a Turbocharged Gasoline Engine And
Recycled Water Injection in a Turbocharged Gasoline Engine and Detailed Effects of Water on Auto-Ignition by Jeongyong Choi A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Mechanical Engineering) in the University of Michigan 2019 Doctoral Committee: Professor André L. Boehman, Co-Chair Associate Research Scientist John Hoard, Co-Chair Professor Venkat Raman Professor Angela Violi Jeongyong Choi [email protected] ORCID iD: 0000-0001-5144-1162 © Jeongyong Choi 2019 Acknowledgments First of all, I must thank to my wife and daughter, Veronica Son and Jia Choi for their support. They gave me constant love, happiness and encouragement during this long journey. I also would like to give my special thanks to my parents and parents-in-law for their endless love and support. I want to express my sincere gratitude to my research advisors, Prof. André Boehman and John Hoard. Because of their consistent research guidance, encouragement and financial support for last several years, I could finish my dissertation and got the faith in my abilities. Next my committee members, Prof. Angela Violi and Prof. Venkat Raman must be thanked for accepting to be on my committee and guiding me. My fellow lab mates, Kwang Hee Yoo and Taehoon Han must be acknowledged as they helped me a lot in better understanding of the experimental setup and the results. Also, I have worked with many undergraduate students and master students. I must thank to them for their great assistance. The financial support from Ford Motor Company as part of the Ford-UM alliance program is gratefully acknowledged. -
(10) Patent No.: US 6386175 B2
USOO6386175B2 (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 6,386,175 B2 Yang (45) Date of Patent: *May 14, 2002 (54) FUEL INJECTION 4,574,754 A 3/1986 Rhoades, Jr. ............... 123/298 4,685,432 A 8/1987 Saito et al. ................. 123/276 (75) Inventor: Jialin Yang, Canton, MI (US) 4,753,213 A 6/1988 Schlunke et al. ........... 123/533 4,770,138 A 9/1988 Onishi ........................ 123/276 (73) Assignee: Ford Global Technologies, Inc., 4,788,942 A 12/1988 Pouring et al. ..... ... 123/26 Dearborn, MI (US) 4,852,525 A 8/1989 Ishida ........................ 123/276 5,054,444 A 10/1991 Morikawa ................... 123/295 (*) Notice: This patent issued on a continued pros- 5,078,107 A 1/1992 Morikawa ................... 123/295 ecution application filed under 37 CFR 5,086,737 A 2/1992 Watanabe et al. ........... 123/295 1.53(d), and is subject to the twenty year E. A yE. t et al. ........... 2. atent term provisions of 35 U.S.C. 24 a u-a- - - a u-1 - - - YY Wr - us - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - E)). p 5,322,043 A 6/1994 Shriner et al. .............. 123/306 5,329,901 A 7/1994 Onishi ........................ 123/254 Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this .. A ly SOG- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - :2. patent is extended or adjusted under 35 so. A 60. Sita.O9l el al. O.. 123/295 U.S.C. 154(b) by 0 days. 5,553,588 A 9/1996 Gono et al. ................. 123/276 5,605,125 A 2/1997 Yaoita ........................ 123/275 (21) Appl.