AMERICAN COMMITTEE ON THE HISTORY OF THE SECOND WORLD WAR
Donald S. Detwiler, CJw.irman NEWSLETTER D. Clayton James, Secretary Department of History Department of History Southern Illinois University and. Politics at Carbondais ISSN 0885-5668 Virginia Military Institute Carbondale, Illinois·62901 Lexington, Virginia 24450 Permarumt Directors No. 46 ISBN 0-89126-060-9 Fall 1991 Anne S. Wells, Newsletter Editor Department of History Charles F. Delzell CONTENTS and Politics Vanderbilt University Virginia. Military Institute Arthur L. Funk Lexington, Virginia 24450 University of Florida ACHSWW Robin Higham, Archivist H. Stuart Hughes Department of History University ofCalifomia~ General Information 2 Kansas State Unive""ity San Diego The Newsletter 2 Manhattan, Kansas 66506 Forrest C. Pogue The ACHSWW is affiliated with: Smithsonian Institution (ret.) Annual Membership Dues 2 American Historical Association Terms expiring 1991 AnnuallJusiness Meeting, December 28, 1991 3 400 A Street, S.E. Washington, D.C. 20003 Brig. Gen. James L. Collins, Jr. Enclosures with the Newsletter 3 Center of Military History (rel) Comite International d'Histoire de la Deuxi~me John Lewis Gaddis Guerre Mondiale Ohio University FOR11lCOMING CONFERENCES A. Harry Paape, President Robin Higham Henry Rousso, Secretary General Kansas State University American Historical Association 3 Institut d'Histoire du Temps Pr~ssnt D. Clayton James Conference on the U.S. Army in the Mediterranean 44, rue de I' Arniral Mouchez Virginia Military Institute and European Theaters of World War 11 4 75014 Paris, France Robert O. Paxton Columbia University SMH Meeting in Canada, 1993: Allies and Alliances 4 Agnes F. Peterson Hoover Institution Other Conferences 5 David F. Trask Csnter of Military History (ret.) RECENT PROGRAM: OSS Conference 7 Russell F. Weigley Temple University Terms e: ," 2 ACHSWW GENERAL INFORMATION Established in 1967 "to promote historical research in the period of World War II in all its aspects," the American Committee on the History of the Second World War is a private organization supported by the dues and donations of its members. It is affiliated with the American Historical Association, with the International Committee for the History of the Second World War, and with corresponding national committees in other countries, including Austria, Belgium, Canada, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Israel, Italy, the Netherlands, Poland, Romania, the Soviet Union, Spain, the United Kingdom, and Yugoslavia. The ACHSWW meets annually with the American Historical Association. The 1991 annual meeting will be held in the last week of December in Chicago. TIlE NEWSLEITER The ACHSWW issues a semiannual newsletter, which is assigned International Standard Serial Number [ISSN] 0885-5668 by the National Serial Data Program of the Library of Congress. Back issues of the Newsletter are available from Robin Higham, the ACHSWW archivist, through Sunflower University Press, 1531 Yuma (or Box 1(09), Manhattan, KS 66502-4228. The first eighteen issues (1968-1978) are available as a spiral bound, 360-page xerox paperback (ISBN 0-89126-060-9) for $36.00. Subsequent back numbers are available as single, unbound issues for $3.00 each. There is no postal charge for prepaid orders to addresses in the United States, but there is a shipping charge of $4.00 for orders sent to addresses in Canada and other foreign countries. Please send data and suggestions for the Newsletter to: Anne S. Wells Editor, ACHSWW Newsletter Department of History and Politics Virginia Military Institute Lexington, VA 24450 ANNUAL MEMBERSHIP DUES Membership in the ACHSWW is open to all who are interested in the era of the Second World War. Annual membership dues of $10.00 are payable at the beginning of each calendar year. Students with U.S. addresses may, if their circumstances require it, pay annual dues of $2.00 for up to six years. There is no surcharge for members abroad, 3 but it is requested that dues be remitted directly to the secretary of the committee (not through an agency or a subscription service) in U.S. dollars. The Newsletter, which is mailed at bulk rates within the United States, will be sent by surface mail to foreign addresses unless special arrangements are made to cover the cost of airmail postage. Please send dues to: D. Clayton James Secretary, ACHSWW Department of History and Politics Virginia Military Institute Lexington, VA 24450 ANNUAL BUSINESS MEETING, DECEMBER 28, 1991 The annual business meeting of the ACHSWW will be held on December 28, 1991, in conjunction with the annual meeting of the American Historical Association. This year's meeting will take place at 5:00 P.M. in Conference Room 4H of the Chicago Hilton. All members are invited to attend. ENCLOSURES WITH TIIE NEWSLETIER There are two important items enclosed with this issue of the Newsletter: (1) the annual membership form, which, as stated above, is to be returned in January with your dues; (2) the ballot for eight directors to serve three-year terms on the Board of Directors, your selection being made from sixteen persons nominated this fall by the Board. FORTHCOMING CONFERENCES AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION The American Historical Association will hold its annual meeting on December 27 30, 1991, in Chicago. The ACHSWW is sponsoring the session entitled "New Research on the Philippines Campaign, 1941-1942: A Multi-National Perspective," which will be held on December 30, from 1:00 to 3:00 p.m, in Hilton Conference Room 4M. Chaired by r------_ 4 Dean C. Allard, the session will include papers by John W. Whitman on "MacArthur's Generalship: A Bad Decision Unredeemed" and David C. Evans on ''The Japanese Navy in the Invasion of the Philippines." Commentators will be Carol M. Petillo and Allard. There are a number of other sessions relating to World War II: "Italy and America: Cross-Cultural Perceptions in the Fascist Era"; ''The 'High Noon' of U.S. Military Racial Segregation, 1941-1951"; ''The Spanish Civil War: Reactions From Abroad"; "Pearl Harbor as Symbol: A Fifty-Year Retrospective"; "From Weimar to Hitler: Conservative Elites and the Establishment of the Third Reich"; and "World War II and the Structure of American Cities." CONFERENCE ON THE U.S. ARMY IN THE MEDITERRANEAN AND EUROPEAN THEATERS OF WORlD WAR IT The U.S. Army Center of Military History is sponsoring the Conference of Army Historians on Jun~ 10-12, 1992. Meetings will be held at the Holiday Inn Crowne Plaza, Crystal City, Virginia. The conference is part of the Army's program to commemorate the fiftieth anniversary of World War II. The theme of the conference is "The U.S. Army in World War II: The Mediterranean and European Theaters." Panels will include both scholars and World War II veterans. Among the featured speakers are Russell Weigley, Carlo D'Este, and Joseph Balkoski. The conference is open to the public with prior registration. There will be a discounted student registration fee. For a complete program and further information, contact Dr. Judith Bellafaire, Field and International Division, U.S. Army Center of Military History, Building 159, Southeast Federal Center, Washington, DC 20374-5088; (202) 475 2955/6/7. SMH MEETING IN CANADA, 1993: AI.I .IFS AND ALLIANCES The annual meeting of the Society for Military History (formerly the American Military Institute) will be held at the Royal Military College of Canada in Kingston, Ontario, on May 21-24, 1993. The theme of the meeting will be "Allies and Alliances." The deadline for proposals (including abstracts of less than 200 words) is December 15, 1992. Contact Dr. W. A. B. Douglas, Director of History, National Defence Headquarters, Ottawa, Canada KIA 0K2; (613) 998-7044 (telephone); (613) 990-8579 (fax). 5 OTIIER CONFERENCES Dec. 3-6, 1991 "Prelude to Pearl Harbor--The Interwar Years," Midland, Tex. Sponsored by the American Airpower Heritage Museum and Hardin Simmons University. Contact Barbara Breier, assistant to the provost and director of continuing education, Hardin-Simmons University, Box 657, HSU Station, Abilene, TX 79698; (915) 670-1501. Dec. 4-7, 1991 "Texas Goes to War: The Governor's Conference on World War II." Contact University of North Texas, P.O. Box 5344, Denton, TX 76203 5344; (817) 565-3487. Dec. 5, 1991 "1941: The War Becomes a World Conflict." Contact John P. Rossi, History Department, La Salle University, Philadelphia, PA 19141; (205) 951-1090. Dec. 5-7, 1991 "The United States and Japan in World War II." Sponsored by Hofstra Cultural Center and the Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt Institute. Contact Hofstra Cultural Center, Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY 11550. Dec. 6-8, 1991 "The Pacific War and Modem Memory: War, Culture, and Society." Contact Carol S. Gruber, Department of History, William Paterson College of New Jersey, Wayne, NJ 07470; (201) 595-3047. Dec. 6-11, 1991 "December 7, 1941--A Retrospective, Part Two: 'The Storm Unleashed,'" Honolulu, Hawaii. Sponsored by the Arizona Memorial Museum Association, National Park Service, Admiral Chester Nimitz Museum and Foundation, U.S. Naval Institute, Hawaii Maritime Center, USS Bowfin Submarine Museum and Park, Fort DeRussey Army Museum, Naval Historical Center, and MHQ: The Quarterly Journal of MilitaIy History. Contact Arizona Memorial Museum Association, No. 1 Arizona Memorial Place, Honolulu, Hawaii 96818. Dec. 7, 1991 "Home Front Tennessee: The World War II Experience." Sponsored by the Tennessee Historical Society, Knoxville, TN. Contact Ann Toplovich, (615) 242-1796. March 5-7, 1992 "Bringing the War Home: Virginia and the World War II Experience." Contact Virginia Historical Society, P.O. Box 7311, Richmond, VA 23221-0311. March 26-27, 1992 "1942 . . . Issue in Doubt," San Antonio, TX. Contact Helen McDonald, Admiral Nimitz Museum, P.O. Box 777, Fredericksburg, TX 78624. 6 Apr. 2-5, 1992 Organization of American Historians annual meeting, Chicago. Apr. 5-6, 1992 "Revisionism and the Holocaust." Contact Jack Fischel, Department of History, Millersville University, Millersville, PA 17551. Apr. 6-11,1992 "Main Street, USA at War: 1939-1946." Call for papers by September 1, 1991. Contact Jere Jackson, Department of History, Stephen F. Austin State University, Box 13013, SFA Station, Nacogdoches, TX 75962. Apr. 10-11, 1992 Society for Military History annual meeting, Fredericksburg, VA. Theme: "Joint, Combined, Amphibious, and Expeditionary Operations." Contact Donald F. Bittner, P.O. Box 307, Quantico, VA 22134-0307; (703) 640-2746. Apr. 10-11, 1992 "The World War II Home Fronts in a Comparative Perspective." Sponsored by the Eisenhower Center, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, LA 70148. Apr. 11, 1992 "Gender, Work, and Family in World War II." Contact Lynn H. Parsons, Department of History, State University of New York, Brockport, Brockport, NY 14420. May 1, 1992 "Wurld War II: The Homefront in the South," Sponsored by a consortium including the National Archives-Southeast Region, Georgia Department of Archives and History, Southern Labor Archives, Kennesaw State College History Department, Clark Atlanta University Historical Society, Georgia World History Association, and Georgia Historical Society. Contact Dave Hilkert, National Archives-Southeast Region, 1557 St. Joseph Ave., East Point, GA 30344; (404) 763-7477. May 7-10, 1992 "Battle of the Coral Sea." Sponsored by the Australian National Maritime Museum. Contact John Wade, Senior Curator, USA Gallery, Australian National Maritime Museum, GPO Box 5131, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia; 011-612-522-7777 (telephone); 011-612-660-0729 (fax). June 4-5, 1992 "World War II, 1942: A 50-Year Perspective." Call for papers by December 15, 1991. Contact Thomas O. Kelly II, Department of History, Siena College, Loudonville, NY 12211. June 18-21, 1992 Society for Historians of American Foreign Relations annual meeting, Hyde Park and Poughkeepsie, NY. Contact David L. Anderson, Department of History & Political Science, University of Indianapolis, 1400 East Hanna Avenue, Indianapolis, IN 46227-3697. 7 RECENT PROGRAM: OSS CONFERENCE A two-day conference entitled ''The Secrets War: The Office of Strategic Services in World War 11," was organized by the National Archives and took place on July 11 and 12, 1991. The program was arranged by National Archives archivist George C. Chalou, with the assistance of a steering committee made up of Ray C. Cline, Wayne S. Cole, Elizabeth P. McIntosh, J. Kenneth McDonald, Lawrence McDonald, John Taylor, and John Vernon. The conference consisted of both plenary and specialized sessions. The papers will be published at a later date. The plenary session liThe World Goes to War, 1939-1941" was chaired by Gordon A. Craig. The first paper provided an overview of American responses to the shattering events taking place in Europe and Asia after 1939: Waldo Heinrichs, "The United States Prepares for War." The second presentation focused on Franklin D. Roosevelt's decision to establish an independent intelligence organization responsible to him: Robin Winks, "Getting the Right Stuff: FDR, Donovan, and the Idea of Professional Intelligence." Harold C. Deutsch chaired the plenary session ''The ass: From Home and Abroad," which provided a view of the essential role of the collection and analysis of information performed in Washington, DC, by the "professor farm" (the Research and Analysis Branch). Two members of ass and a British liaison officer from the Special Operations Executive (SOE) provided some personal perspectives on their duties and life in London, the largest ass overseas station. The Washington headquarters was described by Barry Katz, "aSS and the Development of the Research and Analysis Branch." The London operation was covered by Walt W. Rostow, '''Recollections of an Economist"; Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr., "Recollections of a Historian"; and Robin Brook, 'The British View." J. Kenneth McDonald chaired the plenary session "ass: A Review of Records, Research, and Literature." The speakers were Lawrence McDonald, "Records"; Richard Breitman, "Research"; and George Constantinides, "Literature." Four concurrent sessions concerned "The ass Around the Globe." The first of these, "I Spy," was chaired by David Kahn and consisted of first-person accounts of espionage by three ass veterans who operated in different countries. The papers were given by the Countess of Romanones, "Spain"; Peter Tompkins, "Italy"; and Helene Deschamps Adams, "France." Comment was provided by S. Peter Kadow and Kahn. The session on the ass in ''The Mediterranean and the Balkans" was chaired by Henry Hyde, who also served as commentator. The speakers were Arthur L. Funk, "The ass in Algiers"; the son of Max Corvo, who presented his father's paper, "aSS in Italy"; Dusan Biber, "aSS in Yugoslavia"; and Timothy Naftali, "Artifice: James Angleton and X 2 Operations." 8 Richard Helms chaired the session ''The OSS in Western Europe." Papers were given by Frabrizio Calvi, "OSS in France"; Neal Petersen, "Allen Dulles and the Penetration of Germany"; and M. R. D. Foot, "OSS and SOE: A Partnership?" Comment was given by Richard Helms. Participating observers were Gervase Cowell, SOE Adviser, Foreign and Commonwealth Office, United Kingdom, and Jurgen Heideking, Tubingen University, Germany. The session "OSS in Asia" was chaired by Elizabeth McIntosh, who also provided commentary along with Michael Schaller. The papers were given by Carolle Carter, "The Dixie Mission in China"; James Ward, ''The Activities of Detachment 101 in Burma"; and E. Bruce Reynolds, "OSS in Thailand." The final plenary session, ''The Legacy of OSS, 1945-1991," was chaired by Ray S. Cline, who also provided commentary. The speakers were William Colby, ''The OSS Impact on Modern American Intelligence"; Bradley F. Smith, "A Student of Modern Intelligence"; and Elspeth Davies Rostow, ''The Significance of Research and Analysis." Information for this report came from Arthur L. Funk and the conference program. OTHER NEWS PHILIP A CROWL A former member of the ACHSWW Board of Directors, Philip A. Crowl died on May 5, 1991, in Washington, D.C., after an extended illness. Born in Dayton, Ohio, on December 17, 1914, he earned an A.B. from Swarthmore College in 1936, an M.A. from the University of Iowa in 1939, and a PhD. in history from Johns Hopkins University in 1942. During World War II he was a lieutenant commander in the West Pacific operations, earning a Silver Star in the Leyte naval actions. He taught at Princeton University and the U.S. Naval Academy before joining the Office of the Chief of Military History of the Department of the Army in 1949 where he worked on official histories until 1956. Then he returned to Princeton for a year, serVed eleven years as an intelligence officer with the Department of State, and, in 1967-1973, was professor and chairman of the Department of History of the University of Nebraska, Lincoln. From 1973 to his retirement in 1980, he was holder of the Ernest J. King Chair and chairman of the Department of Strategy at the Naval War College. His dissertation was published in 1943 as MaIYland During and After the Revolution: A Political and Economic Study. Perhaps his best-known work is The U.S. Marines and Amphibious War: Its TheoIY and Practice in the Pacific, coauthored with Jeter A. Isely (1951). In the official U.S. Army in World War II series, he contributed two volumes: Seizure of the Gilberts and Marshalls, coauthored with Edmund A. Love (1955); and Campaign in the Marianas (1959). Crowl also wrote three historical travel guides on England and Wales (1983), Scotland (1986), and Ireland (1990). In addition, he was the Harmon Memorial Lecturer at the Air Force Academy in 1978, and he wrote a number 9 of significant essays. He was chairman of the Advisory Board of the National Archives and a member of the Board of Directors of the Truman Library. He is survived by his wife, Mary Ellen Crowl of Annapolis, three daughters, and three grandchildren. [DO] COMMAND AND GENERAL STAFF COllEGE PRESS The Command and General Staff College Press has been established under the aegis of the Combat Studies Institute, U.S. Army Command and General Staff College, Fort Leavenworth, Kansas. It is hoped that the press will eventually become an independent entity. The director is Roger J. Spiller. The press will publish monograph-length works on a wide range of military subjects, not only military history, as well as out-of-print military classics. Manuscripts from all sources will be considered for publication. All publications will become part of the public domain and will be distributed through the U.S. Government Printing Office. AMERICAN AIR MUSEUM IN GREAT BRITAIN A museum to house a large collection of restored World War II aircraft is being planned for Duxford, England, site of an Eighth Air Force base during the war. The planes are currently in the custody of the British Imperial War Museum, and the land is being donated by the British. The museum will honor U.S. airmen of the Second World War. For further information, contact: American Air Museum in Britain P.O. Box 96908 Washington, DC 20077-7041 SAIPAN MEMORIAL PARK The letter on the following page should be of interest to all ACHSWW members and therefore has been reproduced in its entirety. For further information, write: American Memorial Park P.O. Box 198--CHRB Saipan, MP 96950 (@ffirt Ilf t~r ~IlUrrnIlr LORENZO I. DELEON GUERRERO The 50th anniversary of the Marianas Campaign during the Second World War is rapidly approaching. Yet it is regrettable that no fitting memorial exists on Saipan for the 4,000 brave and courageous American marines, soldiers, airmen and sailors who made the supreme sacrifice for their country during the liberation of our islands. It is ironic that many memorials have been built here by Japan, Okinawa and Korea. Even President George Bush participated in the Marianas Campaign as the youngest pilot in the U.S. Navy. It is a shame that our great nation has done so little to honor our fallen heroes. The federal government promised to build a monument in 1976 when the Northern Mariana Islands became the newest member of the American political family as a Commonwealth under Public Law 94-241. That act ...lso set aside an area on Saipan to honor the U.S. and Marianas war dead to be called the "American Memorial Park." Public Law 95-348 later authorized the appropriation of $3 million for its development. Yet, 13 years later, Congress has not fulfilled this important commitment. As Chairman of our American Memorial Park Planning Committee, I am requesting the support of my fellow members in the ACHSWW to help our small islands draw attention to our effort to construct a fitting memorial to those brave and courageous young Americans that died during the liberation of Saipan. I would be most grateful if all ACHSWW members immediately write to their congressmen and senators urging them to keep America's long-standing commitment to fund our park, especially now as we approach t e 50th anniversary of the Marianas Campaign. Sin erely,\ NJA~NT. L G~~l,;~or, irman American Mem ia Park Planning Committee Capitol Hill • Salpan, MP 96950 • Tel: (670) 322-5091/2/3 • Fax: (670) 322-5096 11 ARCIllVES II BUILDING The National Archives is proceeding with the construction of its Archives II building on the campus of the University of Maryland in College Park, Maryland. The new building should be fInished in 1993. Records will be transferred in 1994-1995 and will be unavailable to researchers for limited periods during the move. Preliminary decisions have been made to retain the following categories in Archives I: Congressional and Supreme Court records; genealogical records '(Census, Veterans Administration, Bureau of Land Management [Land Entry Files], State Department [Passport Applications], and War Relocation Authority); Bureau of Indian Mfairs and related records; Navy and pre-World War II Army records; and several small miscellaneous record groups. Archives II will contain all other record groups, civilian and military, and all special media records such as motion and still pictures, electronic records, cartographic records, and aerial photography. Microfilm copies will be housed with the original records. Some series of records are being transferred to National Archives regional branches instead of to the new building. Current information about Archives II and transferral of records is published in the Archives II Researcher Bulletin, which can be obtained by contacting the Textual Reference Division, National Archives, Washington, DC 20408. NATIONAL ARCIllVES RESEARCH NUMBERS The National Archives encourages researchers to call or write before traveling to the Washington area. A detailed list of names and telephone numbers of reference archivists responsible for specifIc subjects is available from the Textua1 Reference Division, National Archives, Washington, DC 20408. The telephone numbers for the reference branches are listed below. Many of these numbers changed in the spring of 1990. Captured German Records: (202) 501-5383 Cartographic Records: (703) 756-6700 Civil Records: (202) 501-5395/5425 Electronic Records: (202) 501-5579 General Information: (202) 501-5402 Legislative Records: (202) 501-5350 Military Records--Old Army: (202) 501-5390 Military Records--Modern Military: (202) 501-5385 Military Records--Navy: (202) 501-5671 Motion Pictures: (202) 501-5446 Still Pictures: (202) 501-5455 Suitland Reference Branch (Civil and Military): (301) 763-7410 12 PROLOGUE The Fall 1991 issue of ProloIDIe: Quarterly of the National Archives (Vol. 23, no. 3) is devoted to World War II, with special emphasis on the American home front. RESEARCHER'S QUERY For a book entitled "Love Letters from the Front," Margery Mandell is seeking love letters written by servicemen and women to their spouses or loved ones during twentieth century wars. Please send information to her at 17 Interlaken Drive, Eastchester, New York 10709. RESEARCH MATERIALS AN INDISPENSABLE BffiUOGRAPHY AND 1WO SYMPOSIA: A REVIEW ESSAY by Donald S. Detwiler Jurgen Rohwer and Hildegard Milller, eds., Neue Forschungen zum Zweiten Weltkrieg. Literaturberichte und Bibliographien aus 67 Uindern [New Research on the Second World War: Reports on the Literature and Bibliographies from 67 Countries], Schriften der Bibliothek fur Zeitgeschichte [Publications of the Library of Contemporary History], vol. 28. Koblenz: Bernard & Graefe Verlag, 1990. Pp. xv, 564, hardback. DM 128.00. Jurgen Rohwer, ed., Rustungswettlauf zur See 1930-1941. Von der Abrustung zum Wettrusten [The Naval Arms Race, 1930-1941: From Disarmament to the Arms Race]. Koblenz: Bernard & Graefe Verlag for the International Commission on Military History, 1991. Pp. 136, paperback. DM 29.80. Marlene P. Hiller, Eberhard Jackel, and Jurgen Rohwer, eds., Stadte im Zeiten Weltkrieg. Ein internationaler Vergleich [Cities in the Second World War: An International Comparison]. Essen: K.1artext, 1991. Pp. 332, hardback. DM 42.00. 13 Although Jiirgen Rohwer has retired as director of the Library for Contemporary History [Bibliothek fur Zeitgeschichte] in Stuttgart and become curator of its foundation, he has by no means retired from the work that led to his standing as one of the world's leading authorities on the historiography of the Second World War, particularly the naval war. (He was, incioentally, trained as a submariner toward the end of the war, but had no opportunity to serve at sea.) As noted in this newsletter's issue of Fall 1978 (No. 20, p. 12), the Library for Contemporary History, under Rohwer's editorship, has published an invaluable series of book-length bibliographies, including, on the Second World War, Josef Schroder's magisterial 1264-page volume on Italy during the war (vol. 14 of the series), Hans-Erich Volkmann's vol. 23 on the economy of the Third Reich 1939-1945 (a sequel to vol. 20 on the years 1933-1939), and Gerda Beitter's vol. 24 on the Red Army in World War II. Rohwer and the deputy director of the library, Hildegard MUller, have now brought out, as volume 28 of the series, a collaborative volume, with reports from. sixty-seven countries on historical research on World War II, listing altogether 3570 titles. The introductory essay is printed in German, English, and French, followed, in each case, by a listing of the contributions on each country in alphabetical sequence according to the name of the country as written in the three languages. The volume concludes with a thirty-three page two-column index of the authors and editors of the cited works, followed by a directory, alphabetized by name, with addresses, of the eighty-two collaborators. Their contributions take the form of bibliographical essays, many of which provide a compressed overview of the history of the participation in the war of the country in question, as well as an introduction to the literature, followed by listings of the cited titles. Thirty-nine of the essays are in English, seven in French (including the one on Mexico), and twenty-one are in German (including the ones on China, Iraq, Syria, and Uruguay). Titles of works not in English that are cited in the English-language essays on Greece, Japan, Norway, Romania, the Soviet Union, and others are parenthetically translated into English. In length, these contributions range from a page on Cyprus by G. S. GeorghaIlides (p. 525, a one-paragraph bibliographical note followed by three entries) and Hoang Hung's five-page essay and two-page listing of twenty-two titles on Vietnam (pp. 518-524) to Richard J. Overy's ten-page essay with a six-page list of 116 titles on recent British work on the World War II (pp. 171-186) and the eight-page essay with a twelve page list of 217 titles on American work since 1975 on the war by Robin Higham and Jacob Kipp (pp. 498-517). The contribution of Stuttgart University historian Johannes H. Voigt, "India in the Second World War: A History with Problems" (pp. 187-201) is a penetrating ten-page essay with a list of over seventy titles in English, including the English edition of his India in the Second World War (New Delhi: Arnold-Heinemann, 1987; Liverpool: Lucas Publications, 1988). Historians of the war in the Near East will appreciate Jehuda Wallach's bibliographical essay on "The Jewish Community ['Yishuv'] in Palestine in the Second World War (pp. 215-224), with a seven-page essay dealing with participation in the British war effort, with the Palmah (forces established to defend the Jewish settlements in Palestine), with aspects of the ordeal of the Jewish Diaspora in Europe and in the countries of Islam, and with illegal immigration. Most of the eighty-eight titles in Wallach's bibliography are in Hebrew (with English translation), but he includes, among the citations on illegal immigration, Jiirgen Rowher's monograph on the sinking of the Jewish refugee 14 ships Struma and Mefkure in the Black Sea during the war (Frankfurt: Bernard & Graefe, 1965), and the work of the American journalist I. F. Stone, who, after the end of the war, "first ... gave publicity to the ordeal of illegal immigrants" in his UnderlUound to Palestine (New York: Boni & Gaer, 1946; New York: Pantheon, 1978). In "Recent Japanese Research on the Second World War" (pp. 239-255, with a ten page essay and an eight-page bibliography), Kisaka Jun'ichiro discusses with rare and illuminating candor the controversies that have raged in Japan regarding the history of ''The Fifteen-Year War," i.e., the conflict that began with the Mukden Incident and ended with the capitulation on the Missouri. The 115 titles in his listing are in Japanese, but English translations of their titles are given, and he cites the British translation of the first edition of an important title (explaining its place in the literature), Ienaga Saburo's Japan's Last War (Oxford: Blackwell, 1979), published in New York as The Pacific War (Pantheon, 1978). A group of Canadian historians, including Norman Hillmer of the Directorate of History in Ottawa, has contributed an essay and bibliography on "Canada's Second World War" (pp. 268-282) as a tribute to the late Col. Charles Perry Stacey, whose works, including Arms, Men and Governments: the War Policies of Canada. 1939-1945 (Ottawa: Queen's Printer, 1970), "provided the context," as they express it, "in which the war could be better understood." Their nine-page essay, a brief but welcome introduction to the often under-appreciated role of Canada, is followed by a selec£ bibliography of 120 titles (only about half the number of titles they originally wished to include). Several of the titles, including Stacey's work noted above, are listed with asterisks, indicating their publication also in French. The simultaneous publication of official histories in English and French reflects only in part th~ multiculturalism of Canada. This is brought out in a recently published symposium, Norman Hillmer, Bohdan Kordan, and Lubomyr Luciuk, eds., On Guard for Thee: War. Ethnicity. and the Canadian State. 1939-1945 (Ottawa: Canadian Government Supply Centre for the Canadian Committee on the History of the Second World War, 1988), with ten papers focusing on the ethnic minorities. The president of the Canadian Committee, Norman Hillmer, writes in his introduction (p. xii): "The ethnic minorities more than the French were out of the main-stream, and the burden of this volume is that Canada's war was not their war." A chart (p. xiii) tracing the origins of Canadians shows that of the population of 11,506,655, based on the 1941 Census,5,715,904 were of British Isles races, 5,526,%4 of other European races, 74,064 of Asiatic races, and 189,723 of other races, and that among the other European races, in addition to the French, with 3,483,038, there were 464,682 of German stock (and 37,715 of Austrian), 305,929 of Ukrainian and 83,708 of Russian, 112,625 of Italian racial origin, among many others. Those interested in the evacuation of Japanese-Americans may wish to consult the paper on the corresponding Canadian experience by J. L. Granatstein and Gregory A Johnson, "The Evacuation of the Japanese-Canadians, 1942: A Realist Critique of the Received Version" (pp. 101-129, with seventy-two backnotes, several of them discussing the literature and archival sources). The secretary of the Spanish Committee on the History of World War II, Antonio Marquina of Madrid, provides, in "Spanish Research on World War II after the Death of Franco" (pp. 451-456, a five-page essay, with a forty-five-title bibliography), an account of the gradual clarification, during the past fifteen years, of many aspects of Spain's complex and widely misunderstood role during the war. His bibliography cites key periodical articles as well as books. Anyone seeking more detailed treatment, with extensive bibliographical 15 coverage, may turn to Marquina's ma~um opus, a thousand-page study of Spain's defense policy and role in Western collective security from the end of the Civil War until a decade after Franco's death, Espana en la politica de se~ridad occidental (1939-1986) [Spain in the Security Policy of the West (1939-1986)] (Madrid: Ediciones Ejercito, 1986). Robert A Graham, S.J., in "The State of Research on the Holy See in World War II" (pp. 491-494, a one-page essay with a fifty-two title bibliography--including, as one entry, the eleven-volume documentation on the Holy See during the Second World War as well as Marquina's definitive study on Franco Spain's Vatican diplomacy from 1936 to 1945), briefly and benignly comments on the impetus to historical studies on the role of the Vatican given by Rolf Hochhuth's play The Deputy. Graham also points out areas in which research remains to be done and on which archival material is open for research. "The wartime public addresses of Pope Pius XII ... have not been reexamined in the light of postwar documentation," Graham notes, and adds that "the wartime transmissions of Vatican Radio and the editorials of the semi-official Osservatore Ramano likewise invite interest as a guide to Vatican policy." Bernd Wegner of the Military History Research Office in Freiburg contributes, in German, a magisterial bibliographical essay on the Second World War in the historiography of the Federal Republic of the 1970s and 1980s (pp. 102-129, nine pages of text and two of annotations, followed by a 261-title list). In his tightly structured but readable essay, Wegner explains the broad approach to the war that he and his Freiburg colleagues are taking in the multivolume history produced under government auspices; he goes on to introduce the most significant West German contributions to the literature from 1970 through 1988. Readers of German familiar with the indispensable Freiburg history of the war will be delighted to know of the reprinting of its first volume in an unabridged, updated edition in the Fischer paperback series (vol. 4432, 954 pp., DM 24.80); Wilhelm Deist, Manfred Messerschmidt, Hans-Erich Volkmann, and Wilhelm Wette, Ursachen und Voraussetzungen des Zweiten Weltkrieges [Causes and Preconditions of the Second World War] (Frankfurt am Main: Fischer Taschenbuch Verlag, ~989), reprint of Ursachen und Voraussetzungen der Deutschen Krie2spolitik [Causes and Preconditions of German War Policy], "Das Deutsche Reich und der Zweite Weltkrieg" [The German Reich and the Second World War], vol. 1 (Stuttgart: Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt for the Military History Research Office, 1979). The relatively comprehensive bibliography of the paperback edition, pp. 873-929, was expanded by Wilfried Radisch to include works published since 1979. In his contribution to the bibliography under consideration here, Wegner by no means cites only works on Germany in the war but includes other German contributions as well, such as the original edition of Johannes H. Voigt's work cited above in English, Indien im Zweiten Weltkrieg (Stuttgart: Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt, 1978). The second volume under consideration in this review, which also was edited by Jurgen Rohwer, is a text edition of the annual Revue Internationale d'Histoire Militaire, published by the International Commission on Military History, with studies of the naval arms race by historians from Britain, America, Japan, France, Italy, the Soviet Union, and the Federal Republic of Germany. The volume contains seven contributions, including studies on the the U.K. by David K. Brown and the USA by Dean Allard. The essays on Japan and on Italy are in English, the one on France is in French, and those on Germany and the Soviet Union are in German (and each is followed by summaries in the other two 16 languages). Five of the studies cover the period 1930-1941, but the one of Germany begins in 1919 and the one on the USSR in 1921. Brown's "Naval Rearmament, 1939-1941: The Royal Navy" (pp. 11-30) considers technical questions clearly, is well annotated, and provides annexes with the main provisions of the 1922 Washington and the 1930 London treaties affecting the Royal Navy. In "Naval Rearmament, 1930-1941: An American Perspective" (pp. 35-50), Dean Allard guides the reader through the complex, interactive international and domestic issues of the period and provides, in his seventy footnotes, a guide for further research; in addition to the published literature, he cites relevant archival documentation, unpublished dissertations, works in production, and papers in his possession. His address (as director of naval history in Washington)--and the addresses of the other contributors--can be found at the end of the book. The third volume noted above, a symposium on cities during the war, includes the proceedings of a conference (in German) at the Library of Contemporary History in Stuttgart in September 1989, fifty years after the outbreak of World War II. The annotated introduction, on everyday life during the war in the occupied capitals of Europe, is followed by annotated papers on seventeen cities during the war, considering, in each case, the war's direct or indirect impact, Le., Shanghai under the Japanese; unvanquished Warsaw; and Leningrad under siege; Stockholm and Istanbul as neut;:-al cities; perspectives on three industrial cities, Turin, Detroit, and Yokohama; cities in the rear echelons, Halifax, Cairo, and Calcutta (with a riveting account of the famine of 1943); and Coventry, Hamburg, and Dresden as bombing targets. The volume, illustrated with well-chosen black-and-white photographs, concludes with a record of the critical but constructive discussion of the papers and the historiographical significance of the conference as a whole. If the volume is reprinted, it would be useful to have a listing of the photographs as well as of the participants in the discussion, who are identified only by their surnames at the beginning of their statements. The reader can identify the named participants in the conference and the editors of the volume but is not told, to cite but three examples, that "Hirschfeld" is (presumably) Gerhard Hirschfeld, the former director of the German Historical Institute in London, the editor of The Policies of Genocide: Jews and Soviet Prisoners of War in Nazi Germany (London: Allen & Unwin, 1986), reviewed in the Fall 1989 issue of this newsletter (No. 42, p. 19), who succeeded Rohwer as director of the Library of Contemporary History; that "Wallach" is (presumably) the Tel Aviv professor whose contribution to the international bibliography considered here is reviewed above; and that "Forster" is (presumably) Jiirgen Forster, the Freiburg military historian whose paper on "The German Army and the Ideological War Against the Soviet Union," was published in the Hirschfeld volume, as noted above. I suggest including a list of illustrations and identification of participants precisely because I consider the well-produced volume to be a significant--and in part, for me, very interesting--contribution to our understanding of the human dimension of the war in urban centers around the world. 17 [The articles below mark the second and third in a series entitled "An Insider's View." The series consists of essays by professional archivists, historians, and administrators at the foremost research repositories and centers of military studies in the United States (and possibly elsewhere.)] AN INSIDER'S VIEW, Number 2 WORID WAR II HOLDINGS OF TIIE DOUGLAS MACARTIIUR MEMORIAL ARCHIVES by Edward J. Boone, Jr. General Douglas MacArthur (1880-1964) is buried in Norfolk, Virginia, beneath the 'rotunda of the Memorial bearing his name. The Memorial, built in 1847-1851, served as city hall until the turn of the century and court house for the city of Norfolk until 1961. In that year the General, after negotiations with Mayor W. Fred Duckworth, deeded his papers, books, decorations, uniforms, and personal possessions to the city. The deed of gift stipulated that the city of Norfolk would bury the General--and his wife--in the court house and establish a memorial to the General open to the public free of charge. Douglas MacArthur was born in Little Rock, Arkansas. Although he graduated from West Texas Military Academy in San Antonio, he traveled with his mother to Milwaukee, Wisconsin, where he took post-secondary school courses and was appointed in 1899 to the U.S. Military Academy by Congressman Theodore Otjen. Milwaukee was the site of Douglas MacArthur's grandfather's political successes, of his father's youth, death, and burial, and of some of his own future duty assignments. Douglas MacArthur on occasion indicated Milwaukee to be his "home." In his deed of gift to the city of Norfolk he cited Norfolk as his choice of final resting place because his mother had been born in the Berkley section of the city and because city officials had offered him the old court house as burial site and repository of his possessions. With the Norfolk City Council's acceptance of the General's gift, work went forward with the rehabilitation of the old court house as a museum and final resting place. The Memorial opened to the public in January 1964, and Douglas MacArthur was entombed there in April. Jean Faircloth MacArthur still lives in New York City. In the meantime, supporters of General MacArthur and civic leaders organized the General MacArthur Memorial Foundation. This foundation, which is today titled the General Douglas MacArthur Foundation, is a not-for-profit organization whose goal is the support of the MacArthur Memorial in word and deeds. The latter have included grants; construction of new buildings; and funding of internships, symposia, and exhibits. The Foundation continuously fosters the ideals and principles of its eponym with essay contests, ROTC and leadership awards, and scholarships. It has given considerable attention to the library and manuscript and documentary holdings (the archives) of the Memorial. The Foundation funded the initial employment of the first two archivists of the Memorial, built the administration and archives building in 1967 and doubled the size of that building in 1989-1990. Computerization and microfilming of the archives and library have been major projects sponsored by the Foundation in recent years. 18 The original and early displays in the Memorial consisted of medals, swords, photographs, uniform items, numerous personal items, gifts of silver and jade, Japanese works of art, a Chrysler Crown Imperial limousine, and a few documents. By 1966 murals of highlights of the General's life replaced the large photographs. Alton S. Tobey was engaged by the Abbey Mural Trust to paint the six murals. The MacArthur Memorial is a bureau of the city government of Norfolk; its director is Colonel Edward M. Condra, III, USMC (ret.). The Memorial staff consists of twelve persons. Volunteers occasionally assist the staff members. Maintenance and logistic support is provided the Memorial from the city's Department of Civic Facilities. This department of which the Memorial is a part is entirely devoted to public service and direct public contact. General MacArthur gave the city of Norfolk his 2,000,000 documents and 4,000 books. The former he collected from his official and unofficial activities; the latter was a remnant of his and his father's library and the books he collected since December 1941. Through purchases and gifts the archival staff has added some 1,000 volumes to the General's library. These addenda cover World War II, the Korean War, the Allied occupation of Japan, and the lives of General MacArthur and his contemporaries. Although most of the books were collected by Douglas MacArthur after 1941, a few volumes of his and his father's library were recovered after the Second World War. There is a section of the library dedicated to use by researcher;:; who require secondary sources on the General, World Wars I and II, the Korean War, U.S. foreign policy, occupation and guerrilla studies, and staff and contemporaries of the General. With a grant from the General Douglas MacArthur Foundation a retrospective conversion of the library is currently being planned. A part-time librarian will be employed, and a new, greater capacity microcomputer will be installed to handle this catalog as well as the computerized catalog of the collection of photographs. Computer links with other libraries and library systems are being studied. The expectation for this project is to catalog the library fully and precisely for the first time and to isolate the rare books known to be present at least in small number. Some restoration work is under way with a few quite old histories of Japan. With the 1989 1990 expansion of the administration and archives building, now named the Jean MacArthur Research Center, an environmental system was installed. The library, archives, and curatorial storage spaces can .now be maintained at reasonable levels of temperature and humidity. The library is in the center of the Jean MacArthur Research Center; off the library are the microfilm reader carrels, the processing (copying) room, the archivist's office, and the computer room, but, most important, there is a reinforced concrete vault that contains the heart of the research center, the archives. In such a short article not even a summary of the 48 record groups that compose the archives of the MacArthur Memorial can be given. For the researcher into the history of the Second World War, this precis is provided: RG-l: MilitaIY Adviser to the Philippine Commonwealth, 1935-1941. 3 boxes, 1.3 feet. A small remnant of Gen. MacArthur's official and private correspondence for these years. Also on microfilm. Inventoried at item level. 19 RG-2: HO. U.S. Army Forces Far East (USAFFE), 1941-1942. 14 boxes, 7 feet. This group contains many of the items Louis Morton sought in vain for his The Fall of the Philippines. Some of Gen. Sutherland's papers are herein--just as some of Gen. MacArthur's papers are in Gen. Sutherland's collection. Included in this group are the original G-2 Journals and G-3 Journals and Annexes of USAFFE and of subordinate commands to April 1942. Also on microfilm. Inventories at folder level. RG-3: HO. Southwest Pacific Area (SWPA), 1942-1945. 199 boxes, 98 feet. Principally intelligence and operational documents, historical index cards, enemy prisoners of war interrogations. See RG-4 below for the messages from this time period. Some very interesting correspondence between the public and the General concerning such matters as prisoners of war, the missing, the dead and the wounded. Also on microfilm. Official correspondence is indexed on 4" x 6" cards; the remainder is inventoried at folder level and even item level, e.g., captured documents, staff studies, operations instructions, and others. RG-4: HO. U.S. Army Forces Pacific (USAFPAC), 1942-1947. 57 boxes, 24.5 feet. Messages and correspondence, 1942-1945, are of considerable importance. The remainder of this group covers military and intelligence activities in the Allied occupation of Japan to January 1, 1947. Also on microfilm. A card catalog was developed for much of the correspondence; the bulk of this group is inventoried at folder level with some important-item level identifications, e.g., staff studies on OLYMPIC, CAMPUS, CORONET, and BLACKLIST. There is extensive correspondence in this record group between Gen. MacArthur and other Australian officials, especially Prime Minister John Curtin. RG-5: Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers (SCAP), 1945-1951. 122 boxes, 57 feet. This group consists mainly of documents of Gen. MacArthur's GHQ in Tokyo and the Allied occupation of Japan. Some of the' Office of Military Secretary correspondence covers the 1942-1945 period. On microfilm. Correspondence is cataloged on cards; the collection as a whole is inventoried by folder level. RG-lO: Private Correspondence, 1848-1964. 207 boxes, 99 feet. In fact, this group includes some official correspondence. Only 8 boxes, 3.5 feet, cover the years 1939-1945. On microfilm. RG-ll: Audiovisual Materials. 18 feet of films, records, tapes, wires, the most important of which have been dubbed to cassettes and videotapes (both 3/4" and VHS). The latter are available for loan. A detailed inventory is available on request. RG-12: Photographs, 1861-1964. Approximately 4,000 loose photos and 94 albums, but constantly growing; many of these prints are of the years 1939-1945. The loose photographs are grouped by era; most of the albums are arranged chronologically. There are some special collections, especially of the Second World War, that have been segregated by donor. All photographs are available to researchers. Copies of photographs, slides, transparencies and negatives will be made on request; costs will 20 be provided at the time of order; all processing work must be sent out to local vendors. [See additional description below.] RG-15: Contributions from the Public. Constantly expanding; now consists of 48 boxes, 27 feet. Most are on microfilm. At present the finding aid consists of index cards arranged by donor and Library of Congress subject headings. As new contributions are received, they are being entered into the microcomputer. World War II is the major subject of this collection, with contributions from many veterans of the Southwest Pacific Area, such as Frederic S. Marquardt of the Office of War Information and signal officer Maj. Gen. B. H. Pochyla. RG-16: Papers of Maj. Gen. Courtney Whitney, 1942-1947. 76 boxes, 33 feet. This is a major documentation of the guerrilla campaign in the Philippines by its coordinator on Gen. MacArthur's staff. Also on microfilm. There is a folder-level inventory. RG-23, 23A, 23B, 23C: Papers of Maj. Gen. Charles A. Willoughby, 1942-1973. 33 boxes, 21 feet. This group (some are facsimiles from other repositories) is mostly concerned with postwar matters but includes a complete set of Willoughby's history of intelligence in the Southwest Pacific Area, which has been microfilmed. Gen. Willoughby was MacArthur's G-2 from 1941-1951. The finding aid inventory is on the folder level. RG-32: Oral History Transcripts, 1964 to present. 8 boxes, 3.5 feet. These are transcripts and tape recordings of 75 interviews and statements of individuals who served with, had contact with, or who observed Gen. Douglas MacArthur. A list of interviewees is available on request. Anyone who wants a full list of record groups, including summaries of each group's contents, may request it from the archivist. RG-12, Photographs, is in constant demand by historians, authors, journalists, television producers, genealogists, veterans, the staff, and the general public. Many of these photographs were received from family members, the General's staff, veterans, and the public; the bulk, however, came from the General. Many are unique. Some received from the estates of the General's staff members appear to have been personal snapshots of "action" scenes on Bataan and Corregidor. Most of the approximately 4,000 loose photographs are cataloged on 4" x 6" cards; most of the photograph albums have not been cataloged below the album level. The loose photographs have been entered into the microcomputer in the MARC VM format. However, the work is hampered by labor constraints. Two sets of photograph albums are arranged to provide easy access: Mrs. MacArthur's 18 albums of her husbands's activities from 1935 to 1964 and the GHQ SWPA staff albums of operations in the Southwest Pacific. Mrs. MacArthur has also donated to the MacArthur Memorial archives 27 chronologically arranged photo albums of her own activities from childhood to 1987. These photographs include many of General MacArthur and his wartime staff and activities. Until the computer catalog is fully implemented, a manual system of photo location has been used: ·loose photographs are filed by time periods (categories) centered on General MacArthur's career. 21 The archives contain much additional material covering the Allied occupation of Japan, the Korean War, General MacArthur's post-1951 activities, and the papers (some in facsimile) of the General's associates and staff. For the researcher interested in the Allied occupation of Japan and the Korean War, it is noted that two large record groups possess descriptive inventories: RG-6: GHQ. Far East Command (FECOM), 1947-1951. 107 boxes, 47 feet. Also on microfilm. RG-9: RadiojUams, 1945-1951. 164 boxes, 80 feet. This group also possesses a massive card catalog and has been microfilmed. Research queries concerning World War II have increased significantly recently. During calendar year 1990 there were 38 enquiries on "World War, 1939-1945"; 44 enquiries during the first nine months of 1991 have been handled. Neither of these figures include queries such as "MacArthur, Douglas", "Mashbir, Sidney," or the like that concern the war but are focused more narrowly. About one third of the requests are in person; the telephone and mail are the favorite means of requests. Fax facilities at this time are not available. The curator and educational coordinator presently are involved in scrutinizing archival materials for their World War II exhibits and programs. A clear method of "quantifying" Memorial staff use of the archives and library has not yet been developed. As noted frequently above, most of the archives of the MacArthur Memorial have been microfilmed. Over 1,000 reels of 35mm negative microfilm are in the library available for the use of researchers and staff. Two reader-printers and one reader are available in carrels; one of the reader-printers can be converted to microfiche work. Microfilm will be loaned to researchers through interlibrary loan in reasonable quantities for one month at a time. The microfilm can be purchased at $24.00 a reel, plus postage and insurance. A xerographic copying machine is available to the staff to copy documents for researchers; the volume of copies is limited only by the time and availability of staff. There is no restriction of access to materials in the archives of the MacArthur Memorial except for security classified material. A small amount of material from World War II, about forty pages, requires a security clearance from the Department of the Army for researcher access. A list of record groups, including quite succinct summaries, is available free of charge. Xerographic copies of those finding aids not on 4 x 6 cards can be provided at $.075 per page, plus air mail postage if required. The archives and library are open Monday through Friday from 8:30 to 5:00, except holidays. However, special hours will be considered in special circumstances; do not hesitate to telephone the archivist about your particular requirements. Since the archival staff is literally unique, advance notice of research visits would be appreciated. The address and telephone number are as follows: Archivist MacArthur Memorial MacArthur Square Norfolk, VA 23510 (804) 441-2965 [Mr. Boone is the archivist of the MacArthur Memorial] 22 AN INSIDER'S VIEW, Number 3 WORlD WAR II HOlDINGS OF THE U.S. MILITARY ACADEMY LIBRARY by Alan C. Aimone and Judith A Sibley The following introduction and descriptions cover the collections relating to the Second World War in the Special Collections Division of the U.S. Military Academy Library, West Point, New York 10996-1799. The number to call regarding questions and arrangements for research is (914) 938-2954. Collections cannot be loaned, photographed (except by individual researchers), or photocopied unless no restrictions are stated by the donor. The Special Collections Division staff has identified more than ninety World War II manuscript collections. Most of the collections are from U.S. Military Academy graduates and include photographs, maps, some declassified documents, and period newspaper and magazine clippings, as well as both letters and diaries. The collections are about equally divided between European and Pacific Theaters of War. West Point graduates who lost their lives during World War II numbered 488. The classes which sustained the highest casualties in order of highest percentage to lowest percentage are: Class Graduated Battle Deaths Rate* World War IIKorea Vietnam 1942 374 46 12.3% June 1943514 57 4 1 12.1 Jan. 1943 409 43 2 11 1941 424 37 3 9.4 1937 298 25 8.4 1939 456 37 1 8.3 1930 241 16 1 7.1 1940 449 30 6.7 1938 301 18 6.0 *Data from Charles Mizell, USMA Class of 1942, "Battle Deaths of United States Military Graduates," Assembly (December 1988): 173, 168. Highlighted collections included: 1. Gen. of the Army Omar N. Bradley's diaries and post-World War II papers. (World War II papers are at the U.S. Military History Institute, Carlisle, Pennsylvania 17013.) 23 2. Col. Paul Delmont Bunker's Corregidor diaries. 3. Gen. Leslie Richard Groves atom bomb material and related Cold War material. 4. The Holbrook family papers covering several military families. Topics range from horse cavalry use to early armor training viewpoints. 5. Gen. George Arthur Lincoln's papers covering his role as a planner to the Joint Chiefs of Staff and Combined Chiefs of Staff, 1944-1947. 6. Col. Henry C. McLean intelligence journals covering service as a military attache in Berlin (1925-1926) and the Philippines (1936-1945) with maps and photographs. 7. Medal of Honor recipient Lieutenant Alexander Ramsey Nininger's papers, including his Philippine Islands assignment. Nininger has been honored by family members with a bookcase devoted to early World War II Philippine Island related publications. 8. Gen. George S. Patton's library of annotated books. The marginal notes in some of Patton's books are very-revealing about his thoughts on war. 9. Maj. Joseph Fansler Petit Collection, including Gen. Bradley's staff photographs taken between 1944 and 1945, ranging from combat and other war scenes to prominent officers and celebrities. In the near future Mrs. Judith A Sibley's Preliminary Guide to Manuscripts in the U.S. Military Academy Library will be available for serious researchers. WORLD WAR II MANUSCRIPTS IN THE USMA LIBRARY 1. Alexander, Irvin (1896-1963) USMA 1919, CU 6445. Memoir. 284 pages, bound. Note: Original typescript bound along with modern typescript. Infantry officer, U.S. Army. Memoirs of internment in the Philippines, 1942-1945. Account of last days of fighting on Luzon, before it was surrendered to the- Japanese, Death March to Camp O'Donnell, conditions encountered by the prisoners at O'Donnell, Cabanatuan, transport to Japan on the Oryoko Maru, and arrival at Camp Jinsen, Korea. 2. Ayers, Russell Gordon (1892-1952). Papers; 1944-1945. 6 items. Col., Infantry, U.S. Army. "Narrative account of operations of 106th Infantry, 20 June to 26 June 1944"; "Unit journal regimental combat team 106 from: 22 June 1944 to 26 June 1944"; orders regarding command of l06th Infantry Regiment; official correspondence, 17 Nov. 1942-10 Jilly 1944; officer casualties, J06th Infantry, as of 6 July 1944; air and gunnery target map of Palau Islands; collection includes holograph (2 leaves) military career sketch by son Leslie Sherman Ayers, USMA 1945. 3. Badoglio, Pietro (1871- ). Papers; 1943. 3 items. Note: Originals with typed translations. Gen., Italian Army. Letter, 22 Sept. 1943, to Dwight D. Eisenhower after the Italian surrender asking that the Italian troops be allowed to keep their trucks; letter, 30 September 1943, to Maxwell D. Taylor thanking him for birthday greetings; letter, 11 October 1943, to Taylor, informing him that the Italian King will declare war on Germany. 4. Balsam, Alfred S. (1889-1974) USMA 1915, CU 5424. Diary; c1981. 1 vol., bound. Officer, U.S. Army. After Bataan: the diary of a POW. Diary, 1942 April 9-1945 Sept. 26, giving a personal account of Col. Balsam's experiences as a POW of the Japanese Army in the POW Camps of Taiwan, Japan, and Muchoukno. 24 5. Birdsall, Edward, Jr. Papers; 1941-1945. 1 box. Letters to parents, sister and brother in-law, 16 June 1941-11 Sept. 1945, presenting detailed narrative of Army life at various stateside posts and posts in India; official correspondence of parents regarding their son; orders; separation papers; three pictorial scrapbooks depicting duty in India. 6. Bluemel, Clifford (1885-1973) USMA 1909, Cu 4845. Papers; 1905-1973. 6 boxes. Brig. Gen., U.S. Army. Commander 31st Division, Philippine Army, World War II. POW, 1942-1945; Bataan Death March. POW diary and letters; partial inventory in Box 1. Photographs related to West Point and World War II; 8mm movies filmed on Philippine Islands, 1940-1941; list in Box 6. 7. Boesch, Paul M. Reminiscences; 1978. 1 vol., bound. World War II: as one soldier knew it. An account of the author's experiences in the 121st Infantry of the 8th Division from 1944-1945 in Germany. Includes poetry from his book "Much of me in each of these," published by Premier Press, Houston, Texas, 1966. 8. Bonesteel, Charles Hartwell (1885-1964) USMA 1908, CU 4702. Papers; 1941-1957. Gen., U.S. Army. Photographs, correspondence, and papers dealing with Gen. Bonesteel's tenure as commander of American Forces on Iceland, 1941-1943. Includes some retrospective material. 9. Booth, Donald (1902- ) USMA 1926, CU 7895. Letter; 1977. 1 page. Officer, U.S. Army. Letter, 3 July 1977, to Russell "Red" Reeder, summarizing duty assignments in World War II, 1941-1942. 10. Bradley, Amelia Mary Langley (1901- ). Memoir; 1947. 1 vol. Prisoner of war. Manuscript concerning internment in the University of Santo Tomas, 1942-1945. Memoirs relating to the fall of Manila; the move from the city into Santo Tomas; and the internment and privations suffered by her husband Noble, her son John, and the other internees before the final liberation of the camp in 1945. Photocopy. 11. Bradley, Omar N. (1893-1981) USMA 1915, CU 5356. Papers. 375 boxes. Gen. of the Army, U.S. Army. Collection consists of documents, scrapbooks, photographs, correspondence, and memoranda; correspondence and diary accounts as commander of the 12th U.S. Army Group during World War II; correspondence as head of Veterans Administration and as Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff; manuscript of autobiography, A Soldier's Story. Inventory available. 12. Brown, John Kimball (1885-1969) USMA 1908, CU 4700. Papers; 1908-1969. 19 boxes. Officer, U.S. Army. Cavalry: 1917-1945 (USMA 1917-1921). Papers, 1908 1950; orders; World War II maps; speeches; photographs; materials from Camp Hulen, Fort Bliss, and Fort Riley; publications and memorabilia relating to horses. 13. Bunker, Paul Delmont (1882-1943) USMA 1903, CU 4145. Diary; 1941-1943. 1 vol. Officer, U.S. Army. The diary tells of Bunker's experiences as a POW after the fall of Corregidor as well as the actions preceding the siege of Corregidor. 14. Butt, Holt Fairfield (1907-1951). Papers. 15 items. Chaplain, USMA, 1938-194l. Memoirs telling of early childhood, education, experiences as chaplain of the U.S. Military Academy, in which he mentions incidents of prejudice against a black cadet, cadet weddings, religious education of cadets. The second part of the memoirs focuses on Butt's experiences as a Navy Chaplain in Alaska and New Guinea during the Second World War and his return to civilian life. The papers also include his sermons; family genealogy; and photographs. Photocopy. 15. Carter, Bernard Shirley (1873-1961). Papers; 1918-1945. 3 boxes. Intelligence officer, U.S. Army. Col., member of George Patton's staff. Correspondence, 1918-1945; 25 letters to Louise Hope Carter, describing his tour of duty in the European Theater, 1939-1945; medals, articles, clippings, obituaries. 16. Castles, John Wesley, Jr. Papers; 1917-1945. 4 boxes. Officer, U.S. Army. Served with 315th New York Infantry; Tank Corps, World War I; Armor and General Staff Corps, G-2; 12th Army Group, World War II. Collection includes World War I diary, 1917-1919; World War II diary, 1942-1944; G-2 notebooks; letters, 1917-1920; orders, 1942-1945. 17. Chase, Theodore Mosher (1887-1963) USMA 1909, CU 4826. Papers. 8 items. Officer, U.S. Army. Notebooks while a prisoner of war in the Philippines; last will and testament; extracts from "H" station duty officers [sic] diary H. D. Manila and sub bays, Dec 8, 1941-May 1, 1942. 18. Cheek, Earle C. (d. 1945). Correspondence. 1 box. Lt., U.S. Army Air Forces; navigator. Killed in action, 1945. Letters to his girlfriend, describing flight school, sights of Europe, and war experiences. 19. Conrad, George Bryan (1898-1976) USMA Nov. 1918, CU 6241. Papers; 1919-1946. 4 boxes. Officer, U.S. Army; instructor, USMA Field Artillery. Family papers; personal and professional files; decorations; orders and papers, 1927-1946; letters, receipts, and telegrams, 1924-1952. Military files as Assistant Military Attache at American Embassy, London; and Chief of Operations Branch, G-2, Headquarters, European Theater of Operations. 20. Craighead, Alexander McCook. Journal; 1942-1943. 2 vols. in case. Officer, U.S. Army. Corps of Military Police. Military journal of Cairo. Watercolor sketches describing the military police of the allied armies, the Cairo civilian and military police, and the soldiers of the allied armies in Cairo, 1942-1943; mentioning the uniforms of all allied armies. Also includes war posters, cartoons, and street scenes. 21. David, John Fuller (1917- ) USMA 1942, CU 12969. Papers; 1941-1945. 2 boxes. Officer, U.S. Army. Historical material on Troop A, ·81st Cavalry Reconnaissance Squadron, 1st Armored Division in World War II, including maps and photographs. 22. Davidson, Garrison H. (1904- ) USMA 1927, CU 8044. Autobiography; 1974. 1 voL, bound. Lt. Gen., U.S. Army; Superintendent, U.S. Military Academy, 1956-1960. Grandpa Gar: the saga of one soldier as told to his grandchildren. Autobiography and family history. Davidson's World War II experiences covered North Africa, Sicily, and Europe. Photocopy. 23. Dickson, Benjamin Abbot (1897-1976) USMA Nov. 1918, CU 6075. Papers. 16 boxes. Lt. Col., U.S. Army. G-2 journal: Algiers to the Elbe (photocopy). The personal story of Lieut. Col. Dickson, G-2, II Corps and First U.S. Army, from June 1942-9 May 1945. Includes campaigns in Algiers, Tunisia, Sicily, Normandy, and Germany. Family papers; maps, photographs, articles, publications; history of the Class of 1918. 24. Doty, Archibald c., Jr. Diary; 1943-1945. 1 item. Officer, U.S. Army Air Forces. Diary of A. C. Doty, Jr. India-China, 1943-1945. Describes daily activities of an Air Transport Command Officer flying cargo planes from Jorhat, Assum, over the "Hump" to China. Doty was also billeting officer and records insights into the labor problems confronting him. Copyright 1982; Library of Congress duplicate. 25. Earl, Martha M. (1914- ). Papers; 1942-1972. 7 items. Memoirs of imprisonment at Santo Tomas, 1942-1945, entitled "Looking back on certain aspects of Santo Tomas internment camp," 16 pages; communications related to internment. 26 26. Easter, Charles L. Letters; 1942-1944. 1 box. Sergeant, 101st Airborne Division. Killed in action, 8 Oct. 1944. Letters 27 Sept. 1942-1 Oct. 1944. Letters to Marion Page Bunge describing the paratrooper training received by Headquarters Company, 3rd Battalion, 506th Parachute Infantry; letters telling of the 101st Airborne's training in England; letters describing action in which the 101st Airborne was involved; letter to Mrs. Rose Easter expressing the division's sympathy on the loss of her son. 27. Eaton, Ralph Parker (1898-1986) USMA 1924, CU 7601. Memoirs; 1971-1972. 3 items. Officer, U.S. Army; secretary of staff, HQ Caribbean command. Eaton's "Recollections of World War I by a first aid man" discusses the war as seen by an enlisted man in the medical corps; "Contact Amminent" describes the precampaign activities of the 82nd Airborne Division from July to December of 1943, 12 pages. 28. Flint, Harry Albert (1888-1944) USMA 1912, CU 5058. Biographical sketch. 15 pages. Cavalry officer, U.S. Army. Biographical sketch of Flint, commander of the 39th Infantry Combat Team, 9th Infantry Division during World War II. Contains quotes of conversation with Gen. George Patton. 29. Forte, Floyd Felice (1908-1942) USMA 1934, CU 10101. Letter; 1942. 2 pages. Infantry officer, U.S. Army; missing in action, Mindanao, Philippine Islands, May 1942. Letter,· 13 April 1942, Mindanao, describing the action in the Philippine Islands and relating his feelings on the Japanese Army, the U.S. Army, and his classmates and military associates. 30. Frye, Pierre A. Papers; 1939-1951. 6 boxes. Col., U.S. Army. Collection of 44 scrapbooks of World War II news clippings, 1939-1945; 10 scrapbooks of Life magazine clippings, 1939-1942; miscellany to 1951. 31. Gamelin, Maurice Gustave (1872- ). Order; 1940. 2 items. Note: Typescripts in French and English. Copy of Gamelin's last order to Gens. Viullemin and Georges along with cover letter explaining the repercussions of Gamelin's being relieved from his position. 32. Gardiner, Henry E. (1905- ). Memoir; 1970. 401 pages. Officer, U.S. Army. Tank commander: letters and diaries of H. E. Gardiner from Pearl Harbor to V-Day narrates experiences as an officer in the First Armored Division in North Mrica and Italy. Photocopy. 33. Gilbreath, Frederick (1888-1969) USMA 1911, CU 4967. Papers; 1918-1965. 8 boxes. Cavalry officer. Collection includes ordnance papers from American Expeditionary Forces in Europe, 1918-1920; papers and speeches delivered as assistant commandant of the cavalry schools at Fort Leavenworth and Fort Riley, 1935-1949; speeches, 1942 1950; papers relating to South Pacific Base Command. World War II scrapbook containing correspondence, newspaper clippings, and orders in 6 vols.; cadet scrapbook, 1 vol.; pre- and post-World War II scrapbook, 1 vol.; his memoirs covering his West Point days, command of cavalry school, and World War II. 34. Godfrey, Stuart Chapin (1886-1945) USMA 1909, CU 4750. Letter; 1944. 1 page. Officer, U.S. Army; engineer. Letter, 11 June 1944, from China, telling how the Chinese workers eagerly built airfields under the directions of the allied forces. 35. Greer, R. A. Joint logistics in the Central Pacific Area. 348 pages. First draft of a report, historical subsection G-2, on joint logistics and joint command among the U.S. Army, Navy, and Marines during World War II. 36. Griswold, Oscar Woolverton (1886-1959) USMA 1910, CU 4924. Papers; 1918-1945. 5 boxes. Commanding Gen., XIV Corps, U.S. Army, World War II. The 27 concentration of this collection is material relating to combat operations on the island of Luzon. Photographs are included. Papers of his son, Col. George Griswold, are also in the collection. Inventory in Box 1. 37. Groves, Leslie Richard (1896-1970) USMA 1918, CU 6032. Papers. 5 boxes. Officer, U.S. Army; Commanding Gen., Manhattan Engineer District (Atom Bomb project). Biographical and genealogical material; obituaries; oral history; audiotapes (list in Box 1); awards; scrapbook of visit to Argentina in May 1955. Materials relating to the Manhattan Project and atomic energy include photographs; newspaper articles and clippings; diplomatic history of the Manhattan Project; official documents concerning atomic bomb mission to Hiroshima; copy of National Archives inventory of the Records of the Manhattan Engineer District, 1942-1948; and copies of materials given by Groves to the National Archives, with index. 38. Hardee, David L. Memoirs; 1946. 273 pages. Col., U.S. Army. Memoirs of a Japanese prisoner of war cover the beginning of the war, the fall of Corregidor and Bataan and the privations undergone by U.S. troops before the fall of Corregidor and Bataan as well as Hardee's experiences as a prisoner of war. Photocopy. 39. Holbrook Family Collection (Helen Hoyle Herr Holbrook and Willard Ames Holbrook, Jr., Collection). Papers; 1828-1980. 47 boxes. Army family, 5 generations. USMA graduates include Rene E. DeRussy (USMA 1812), Eli Dubose Hoyle (USMA 1875), John K. Herr (USMA 1902), David S. Stanley (USMA 1852), Willard A. Holbrook (USMA 1885), Willard A. Holbrook, Jr. (USMA 1917). Diaries; correspondence; documents; photographs; articles; speeches; scrapbooks; maps; diplomas and commissions; prints and plates; songs; and memorabilia covering military and social life in 19th and 20th centuries. Inventory in Box 1. 40. Hopkins, Armand (1901- ) USMA 1925, CU 7673. Papers; 1945-1949. 24 items. Officer, U.S. Army. Correspondence from persons seeking information about relatives who were POWs; correspondence with relatives of West Point graduates who were POWs; Bataan relief organization bulletin; list of persons stationed at West Point in 1949 who served in the Philippines during World War II; memo listing dates and events of the POW journey from the Philippines to Japan. 41. Krueger, Walter (1881-1967). Papers; 1899-1963. 41 boxes. Gen., U.S. Army. Rose from private to gen. during career spanning 45 years. Faculty: Infantry School, Army War College, Naval War College. World War II commander of Third Army and Sixth Army. Collection contains biographical material; military, official, and personal correspondence, 1899-1960 (includes correspondence with Gens. Eisenhower, MacArthur, Marshall, McNair, Gruenther, and Eichelberger). Documents and miscellaneous items include articles, maps, reports, speeches, photographs, notebooks, logbook, rosters; materials relating to Third Army and Sixth Army. Oversized items in map case. Partial inventory in Box 1. 42. Lang, Will (1911-1968). Notebooks; 1943-1945. 1 box. War correspondent for Life magazine. 29 notebooks covering campaigns in North Africa, Italy, and France; miscellaneous loose notes. 43. Lange, Herman W. W. Papers; 1870-1974. 8 boxes. Officer, U.S. Army. Col., 84th Field Artillery Battalion in North Africa, Sicily, and Europe. Various publications relating to the military from the period of the French Revolution, World War I and II, and the Vietnam conflict; includes maps, manuals, guides, pamphlets, articles, and Army War College textbooks. Inventory in Box 1. 28 44. Lincoln, George Arthur (1907-1975) USMA 1929, CU 8490. Papers; 1944-1975. 75 feet. Brig. Gen., U.S. Army. Operations Division of the War Department General Staff, World War II; member, Joint Planners to the Joint Chiefs and Combined Chiefs of Staff, 1944-1947. USMA Professor of Social Sciences, 1947-1969 (Head of Department, 1954-1969); Director, Office of Emergency Preparedness, 1969-1973. Collection includes biographical material; War Department files, 1944-1947; working files, 1962-1966; correspondence, 1952-1967; memoranda, 1957-1968; subject and chronological files; academic and course materials; research projects, speeches, lectures; files on committees and conferences at (and outside) West Point; draft of book, International Relations; papers from Agency for International Development; files of Office of Emergency Preparedness; testimony before U.S. House and Senate. Index available. 45. Long, William Eldred (1902- ) USMA 1925, CU 7813. Papers; 1929-1946. 30 items. Col., U.S. Army. Official reports while on infantry duty, 1944; history of 483rd Infantry Regiment; news items; papers relating to air attack on Antwerp; Memorial Day services, Antwerp, 1946; memorabilia and invitations; 3 photographs of Fort Santiago, Manila, 1929; 2 photos of Czembrc, St. Malo, France, 1944; 3 maps. 46. Maginnis, John J. Memoir; 1969. 47 pages. My service with Col. David Marcus. Memoirs of service during World War II with Col. David "Mickey" Marcus. Photocopy of typescript. 47. Mahoney, John Thomas (1905-1981). Papers: 1917-1981. 6 boxes. Author, newspaperman. Collected propaganda material from World War I and II and Vietnam War; includes leaflets, posters, pamphlets, letters, reports, and photographs. 48. Malmedy Case. 73 pages. Information on the Malmedy Case to be heard at Camp Dauchau, Germany, 2 May 1946. J. T. Dalby's copy of information regarding defendants being tried for their roles in the execution of prisoners at Malmedy, Dec. 1944-Jan. 1945. 49. Marcus, David (1901-1948) USMA 1924, CU 7368. Papers; 1939-1948. 5 boxes; 7 scrapbooks. Officer, U.S. Army, World War II. Brigadier Supreme Commander Jewish Forces Jerusalem Area, 1947-1948. Letters to his wife, 1939-1948; biography; medals; scrapbooks; photographs; and official papers. 50. Martyn, Andy. Papers; 1944-1946. 1 box. Letters received from American servicemen who were on active duty in 1944-1945; stamps and first-day covers autographed by U.S. military leaders who had served in World War II; U.S. Armed Forces commemorative blocks signed by military leaders of World War II; UN commemorative stamps autographed by signers of the UN charter. 51. McLennan, Carter K. (1894- ). Papers; 1917-1945. 4 boxes. Col., U.S. Army. Military records, 1917-1938; correspondence to his wife, Marion, before the fall of the Philippines, 1941-1942; letters to family while incarcerated in Japanese prison camps; letters received by McLennan while a prisoner of war; drafts of messages to be sent McLennan through the Red Cross; communications, 1942-1945, received by Marion McLennan concerning her husband; the "long line", newsletter published in Guam and Manila, Oct. 1939; newspaper clippings on Carter's career and POWs; log, 8 Sept. 1942, containing account of surrender to Japanese; 8 diaries, 2 Aug. 1944-12 Sept. 1945, kept while a prisoner of the Japanese; log of names and addresses of fellow prisoners; typed memoirs. 29 52. McMaster, Archie L. Memoir; 197-. 1 voL, bound. Officer, U.S. Army. "Lo Joe": memoirs of Archie L. McMaster. The personal story of the Army captain of 1st Battalion, 45th Infantry in Philippine Islands from 19 Feb 1941 to 2 Feb. 1945. Describes how the Imperial Japanese Army Forces attacked the Philippines and the suffering of POWs of the Japanese Military Forces. Photocopy. 53. Mesick, Benjamin Schultz (1901- ) USMA 1924, CU 7229. Papers. 1 box. Officer, U.S. Army; Research and Development. Collection of papers concerning titanium as an engineering material and rockets; captured enemy war material reports, 1945. 54. Mittenthal, Harry M. Paper. 22 pages. Infantry Capt., U.S. Army. Statement regarding treatment and living conditions of American and Allied POWs while being transported by land and sea from Manila to Japan during Dec. 1943-Jan. 1944, as observed by the author. Photocopy. 55. Morton, William Jackson (1901-1971) USMA 1923, CU 7002. Letters; 1946-1947. 16 items. Lt. Col., U.S. Army, Field Artillery; Librarian, USMA. Correspondence with Renee Semple and memos to the post chaplain, Capt. Pugh, regarding collection of clothing for French war victims; letters of thanks and photographs from the people of Royan sent to Chaplain Pugh by Renee Semple; confirmation of the arrival of parcels from American Aid to France, Inc.; correspondence regarding aid to Holland; lists of articles donated. 56. Murphy, Audie (1924-1971). Papers; 1941-1971. 2 boxes. Infantry, U.S. Army. World War II hero; recipient of 28 medals. Collection includes personal accounts of war actions; photographs; film; tapes; movie scripts; articles. 57. Nininger, Alexander Ramsey (1918-1942) USMA 1941, CU 12317. Papers; 1930-1942. 1 box. Officer, U.S. Army. Medal of honor recipient; killed at Bataan, 12 Jan. 1942. Cadet letters, 1937-1941, bound in 5 vols., discussing cadet activities and classes; letters written while in infantry school at Fort Benning, Georgia; 2 letters from duty station in the Philippine Islands, Nov. 1941; commission, June 1941, as 2nd Lt., U.S. Army; posthumous medal of honor citation signed by Franklin D. Roosevelt; presidential certificate, ca. 1960-1963. Also, 1 box of articles and clippings (photocopied). 58. Noce, Daniel (1894-1976) USMA 1917, CU 5608. Papers; 1917-1954. 24 boxes. Gen. Commanded Engineer Amphibious Command; invasion of South France; Inspector General, 1952-1954. Correspondence, personal files, photographs, speeches, clippings. Inventory in Box 1. 59. Opperman, Henry J. Papers; 1943-1944. 1 box. Officer, U.S. Army. Photograph album of Company A, 95th Signal Battalion, 1943-1944, Persian Gulf Command; pamphlets, maps, and newspapers relevant to the Persian Gulf Command. 60. Osborn, Frederick H. (1889-1981). Papers. 1 box. Maj. Gen., U.S. Army; Information and Education Division, World War II. Publications and memorabilia relating to Osborn's role with the Special Services Division in World War II. 61. Osborne, Frederick. Diary; 1945. 26 pages. Hospital orderly. GI Hospital Diary, 22 Feb.-9 June 1945, describing conditions and patient morale at Tryon General Hospital. 62. Palmer, Williston Birkhimer (1899-1973) USMA 1919, CU 6264. Papers; 1942-1973. 16 boxes. Gen., U.S. Army; Deputy U.S. Commander in Chief, Europe. Calendars, 1954-1962; diaries, 1942-1947, 1951-1962; correspondence; orders; promotions; lectures; speeches; published writings; photographs. 63. Perlmutter, Rubin (1905- ). Papers; 1969-1985. 1 box. Polish soldier, World War II; Croix de Guerre winner. Collection contains memorabilia from the Order of 30 Lafayette; material from D-Day and Battle of Monte Cassino reunions; photographs and copies of letters from VIPs, including Omar Bradley, Dwight D. Eisenhower, Mark Clark, Hamilton Fish, and Barry Goldwater. 64. Quinn, Howard Walter (1906-1978) USMA 1930, CU 8968. Address. 1 box. Officer, U.S. Army. Several copies of Prelude to Global War (the operations of Branch "X"), an address by Quinn recounting the World War II mission of providing landing craft for allied forces operations, accompanied by 21 black and white drawings of types of landing craft. 65. Reeder, Russell Potter (Red) (1902- ) USMA 1926, CU 7995. Papers; 1960-1980. 3 boxes. Col., U.S. Army; author; coach, USMA baseball team. Papers include biographical information; correspondence; photographs; memorabilia; typed manuscript, "Heroes and leaders of West Point'" essay on Tom Jenkins entitled, "You don't have to be as big as the other man'" speech, 5 June 1980, regarding Normandy invasion; outline for a talk on duty presented to the new cadets of the U.S. Military Academy, August 1960; manuscript, "General of the Army: Omar Nelson Bradley"; correspondence with Bradley, Matthew B. Ridgway, and Ralph Easton; biographical background material on Bradley; newspaper articles. 66. Reeves, Louis P. Papers. 2 boxes. Officer, U.S. Army Reserve. The collection relates mainly to his active service in the Signal Corps during World War II, in North Africa, Italy, and Austria. 67. Ridgway, Matthew B. (1895- ) USMA Apr. 1917, CU 5657. Interview; 1969. 30 pages. Gen., U.S. Army. Interview conducted by Maj. Matthew P. Caulfield and Lt. Col. Robert M. Elton, 29 Aug. 1969. Topics covered include Gen. Ridgway's experiences leading and training men during World War II and in the Korean War, and comparison of the Korean War with the conflict in Vietnam. 68. Robertson, Laurence (1917- ). Memoirs; 1942-1943. 39 pages. U.S. Army. Combat experiences with "Company H", First Armored Regiment, First Armored Division, 1942-1943; provides a vivid account of 14 months as a platoon leader from the unit's landing in Ireland to the Battle of Kasserine Pass in Tunisia. 69. Rosenthal, Harold S. Papers. 1 box. World War II materials include Action on Attu (G-2 Alaska Defense Command Advance Command Post, 30 July 1943); detail charts of Kiska Island (Photographic Interpretation Unit, Advanced Intelligence Center, 11th Air Force, July 1943); and papers and diary extracts, 1943. 70. Rosholt, Malcolm L. Papers; 1928-1945. 1 box. Officer, U.S. Army Air Corps. Diary of operations as Liaison Officer, 14th Air Force, in China and in Office of Strategic Services, 3rd War Area China, 1944-1945 (photocopy); and 16 maps of China, 1928 1945, the Persian Gulf Area, and India. 71. Smith, Rex Lee (1904- ) USMA 1928, CU 8452. Papers; 1944-1945. 1 box. Officer, U.S. Army. The collection consists of papers, photographs, maps, and charts used by Smith while Commanding Officer for the Military Pipeline Service. 72. Smythe, George Winfered (1899-1969) USMA 1924, CU 7545. Papers; 1920-1969. 14 boxes. Officer, U.S. Army; commander in World War II and Korean War. Correspondence; orders and citations; maps; speeches; lectures; scrapbooks; photos; memorabilia relating to Smythe's cadet days and military career. Inventory in Box 1. 73. Stilwell, Joseph Warren (1883-1946) USMA 1904, CU 4246. Papers; 1942-1954. 11 items. Gen., U.S. Army. Correspondence, 1942-1943, with William R. Wigley, who discussing American home front and rationing; correspondence of Wigley with Mrs. 31 Joseph Stilwell, 1951-1954; photograph; 2 scrapbooks containing West Point photographs. 74. Strong, Frederick Smith, Jr. (1887-1986) USMA 1910, CU 4853. Papers; 1910-1986. 2 boxes. Engineer, U.S. Army. Chief engineer, supply service in China-Burma-India Theater, World War II; involved in engineering the Burma Road, Pan American Highway, and Alcan Highway. Collection consists of correspondence, photographs, pamphlets, books, and biographical information used in writing his autobiography, What's It all About (copyright 1985 by F. S; Strong). Inventory in Box 1. 75. Svihra, Albert (1899-1944) USMA 1922, CU 6860. Papers; 1939-1948. 4 items. Col., U.S. Army. Transcripts of correspondence to his family, 1939-1942; original and typed transcript of diary kept while incarcerated in a Japanese POW camp after the fall of Corregidor and Bataan; photocopies of correspondence of the Svihra family concerning Albert Svihra's diary; photocopies of newspaper clippings on Svihra. 76. Swanton, Donovan (1891-1976) USMA Apr. 1917, CU 5717. Papers; 1912-1952. 1 box. Col., U.S. Army. Cadet letters, 1912-1917; letters from France during World War I; letters, 1942-1945, to family from Donovan in a Japanese concentration camp; scrapbook, 1912-1952, containing cadet memorabilia, manuscript maps, ca. 1918, orders, personal and official correspondence, 1918-1951, Bronze and Silver Star citations; newspaper clippings; photographs; memorabilia. 77. Swing, Joseph May (1894-1984) USMA 1915, CU 5350. Papers; 1935-1978. 1 box. Officer, U.S. Army; Commanding Gen., 11th Airborne Division, World War II. The papers include correspondence with Peyton March, Bernard Baruch, Dwight D. Eisenhower, and Douglas MacArthur. 78. Tatum, Ernest S., Jr. ( -1943). Papers. 12 items. U.S. Army; Private, 745th Ordnance Company. The collection includes newspaper items and letters announcing the death of Tatum while a prisoner of war of the Japanese. 79. Tempel, Jane ( -1976). Papers. 2 boxes. Officer, U.S. Army. Papers of a woman army officer, containing information about women in the Army in World War II and during the postwar period. Included are Women's Army Auxiliary Corps and Women's Army Corps photographs; material on Army public relations and the home front in World War II; uniforms; mission statements; humor; Armed Forces Radio scripts; WAC life and recreation, 1945-1948; rehabilitation of war disabled and returned POWs, 1946-1948, at Oliver General Hospital in Georgia (Medical Corps). 80. Toole, John H. Combat diary; 1944-1945. 133 pages. Note: typescript (photocopy). (Published as: Battle diary. Missoula, Montana: Vigilante Press, c1978.) Officer, U.S. Army. A personal account of the Army lieutenant's experiences as a rifle platoon leader and company commander in Co. K and Co. L of the 15th Infantry, Third Infantry Division, Seventh U.S. Army, European Theater of Operations from Oct. 1944 to Apr. 1945. 81. Ulsaker, Carl Comer (1920- ) USMA 1942, CU 12835. Letters. 1 box. Letters to Ulsaker's mother from England, France, Belgium, and Germany, describing combat activities. 82. U.S. Army. Orders; 1942-1944. 7 items. U.S. Army, Fifth Army. Administrative directives. Orders and instructions, Headquarters Fifth Army (G-4) and Third Infantry Division dating from 30 Jan. 1942 to 23 Mar. 1944. Collection also contains copies of the Fort Lewis Sentinel and Stars and Stripes, Fifth Army edition. 32 83. U.S. Army. Papers; 1943-1944. 1 box. Fifth Army. Administrative file of Orders and Instructions, Headquarters Fifth Army (G-4) dating from 3 June 1943 to 23 Mar. 1944. 84. U.S. Strategic Bombing Survey (Pacific). Papers; 1945. 3 boxes. Interrogation reports. Includes list of interrogations by subject. 85. Van Sickle, Emily (1901- ). Memoir. 391 pages. How Far the Dawn; account of internment with her husband, Charles, at Santo Tomas, Manila, describing camp life, medical care, food situation, work details, the internal administrations of Earl Carroll and Carroll Grinnell, smuggling by and for prisoners, and the liberation. 86. Vogel, Herbert D. (1900-1984) USMA 1924, CU 7244. Papers; 1975. 1 vol. Brig. Gen., U.S. Army. ''The Other War" includes extracted and abstracted letters, 12 Jan. 1944-21 Sept. 1945, to his wife, Loreine, from Brisbane, Australia through New Guinea to the Philippines and finally to Japan; a paper, "Logistical support of the Lingayen operation," delivered at the National War College in Dec. 1945. Photocopy. 87. Von Schritz, Dick Stanley (1916- ) USMA 1941, CU 12503. Papers; 1941-1950. 1 box. Officer, U.S. Army; European Theater of Operations in World War II. Biographical information; cadet reminiscences; World War II diaries and letters. 88. Wallnau, Ed. Papers, 1940-1945. 7 items. World War II correspondence and memorabilia; three postcards from American soldiers held captive in German prison camps; Christmas greetings and Italian lira received from overseas; three letters with enclosed Japanese newspaper clippings and matchbook covers which warn the Japanese against foreign spies. 89. Walsh, James Lawrence (1885-1952) USMA 1909, CU 4792. Papers; 1912-1952. 2 boxes. Officer, U.S. Army; Advisor to Chief of Ordnance, World War II. The papers include correspondence, articles, and pamphlets relating to ordnance. 90. Walton, George H. Oral history interviews. 1 box. Officer, U.S. Army; writer. Tape recorded interviews with Gen. Mark Wayne Clark, officers of his staff, and war correspondents on the events that led to the fall of the city of Rome, Italy, to Allied forces, 4 June 1944. The interviews served as the basis for the book Rome Fell Today by Robert H. Adleman and George Walton. 91. Yamasaki, Yasuyo. Field order; 1943. 9 pages. Final orders issued by Yamasaki, 29 May 1943, detailing plan of attack on the 7th Infantry at Attu. Japanese with typed English translation. [Mr. Aimone is the assistant librarian for Special Collections Division and Mrs. Sibley is the manuscript librarian, U.S. Military Academy Library.] Alan C. Aimone has provided the following from the Friends of the West Point Library Newsletter, no. 8, July 1986: The holdings of the USMA Orientalia Collection, written mostly in Chinese with some works in Japanese and English, include books and periodicals of general and military history, history of military art and science, biography, culture, geography, language, literature, philosophy, politics, and general reference works of China and Japan. The collection is strong in political and military history of modem China, particularly in works 33 on the Sino-Japanese War from 1937-1945, the Chinese Civil War from 1945-1949, and the political and military development in both Communist China and Nationalist China in Taiwan since 1950. Formation of the Orientalia Collection began in 1970 when the Academy acquired the accumulated research materials of Dr. William Whitson, USMA Class of 1948, who had served as Chief of the Military Advisory and Assistance Group (MAAG) Historian's Office on Taiwan and as Army Liaison Officer in Hong Kong. The materials he collected came from careful cultivation of nationalist war time figures, exhaustive surveys of local book markets, and extensive contributions from friends. Other contributions to the collection have been made by language and Chinese area studies instructors at the Military Academy, including Col. Monte Bullard, Lt. Col. Joseph Heinlein, and Col. Kenneth G. Kochel. The Republic of China has been the donor of many books and continues to provide the current periodicals published in Taiwan. Since the acquisition of the Whitson Collection, the organization and expansion of the collection have been the results of efforts by Mr. Pinkun Lee, now retired, and Mrs. Angela H. H. Kao, the present librarian. Complementing this special collection are English language materials on China in the circulating collection. One of the contributors to these publications and books on China has been Maj. Gen. H. L. Boatner. SELECf BffiUOGRAPHY OF BOOKS AND ARTICLES IN ENGUSH RELATING TO THE WORLD WAR IT ERA The following select bibliography includes works published from January 1, 1990, to October 1, 1991. As did the first bibliography in the Spring 1991 issue, installments appearing in future issues will continue to include titles published since January 1, 1990. BOOKS: Ayers, Eben A. Truman in the White House: The Diary of Eben A. Ayers. Ed. by Robert H. Ferrell. Columbia, Mo.: University of Missouri Press, 1991. Bacque, James. Other Losses: The Shockin~ Truth Behind the Mass Deaths of Disarmed German Soldiers and Civilians Under General Eisenhower's Command. Rocklin, Calif.: Prima Publishing, 1991. Barkai, Avraham. Nazi Economics: Ideolo~. Theory, and Policy. Trans. by Ruth Hadass Vashitz. New Haven, Conn.: Yale, 1990. Barnes, Kenneth C, Nazism. Liberalism, and Christianity: Protestant Social Thou8ht in Germany and Great Britain, 1925-1937. Lexington, Ky.: University Press of Kentucky, 1991. 34 Bellon, Bernard P. Mercedes in Peace and War: German Automobile Workers. 1903 1945. New York: Columbia University Press, 1990. Bland, Larry I., ed. George C. Marshall Interviews and Reminiscences for Forrest C. Po~e. Lexington, Va.: George C. Marshall Research Foundation, 1991. Bolloten, Burnett. The Spanish Civil War: Revolution and Counterrevolution. Chapel Hill, N.C.: University of North Carolina Press, 1991. Breuer, William B. Death of a Nazi Army: The Falaise Pocket. Chelsea, Mich.: Scarborough House, 1990. Browder, George C. Foundations of the Nazi Police State: The Formation of Sipo and SD. Lexington, Ky.: University Press of Kentucky, 1990. Burgess, Alan. The Longest Tunnel: The True Story of World War II's Great Escape. New York: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1990. Clarke, J. Calvitt. Russia and Italy Against Hitler: The Bolshevik-Fascist Rapprochement of the 1930s. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1991. Cooper, Matthew. The German Army. 1933-1945. Chelsea, Mich.: Scarborough House, 1990. Copp, Terry, and Bill McAndrew. Battle Exhaustion: Soldiers and Psychiatrists in the Canadian Army. 1939-1945. Kingston: McGill-Queen's University Press, 1990. Corvo, Max. The a.s.s. in Italy: A Personal Memoir." New York: Praeger, 1990. Cox, Bryan. Too Young to Die: The Story of a New Zealand Fighter Pilot in the Pacific War. Ames, la.: Iowa State University Press, 1990. Crosswell, D. K. R. The Chief of Staff: The MilitaIy Career of General Walter Bedell Smith. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1991. Cundiff, Michael J. Ten Knights in a Bar Room: Missing in Action in the Southwest Pacific. 1943. Ames, la.: Iowa State University Press, 1990. Davis, Benjamin a., Jr. Benjamin a. Davis. Jr.. American: An Autobiography. 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