Interview with Jearl 'Buck' Ballow
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Interview with Jearl ‘Buck’ Ballow # VRK-A-L-2009-021.1 Interview # 1: June 30, 2009 Interviewer: Mark DePue The following material can be used for educational and other non-commercial purposes without the written permission of the Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library. “Fair use” criteria of Section 107 of the Copyright Act of 1976 must be followed. These materials are not to be deposited in other repositories, nor used for resale or commercial purposes without the authorization from the Audio-Visual Curator at the Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library, 112 N. 6th Street, Springfield, Illinois 62701. Telephone (217) 785-7955 A Note to the Reader This transcript is based on an interview recorded by the ALPL Oral History Program. Readers are reminded that the interview of record is the original video or audio file, and are encouraged to listen to portions of the original recording to get a better sense of the interviewee’s personality and state of mind. The interview has been transcribed in near- verbatim format, then edited for clarity and readability, and reviewed by the interviewee. For many interviews, the ALPL Oral History Program retains substantial files with further information about the interviewee and the interview itself. Please contact us for information about accessing these materials. DePue: Today is June 30, 2009. My name is Mark DePue; I’m the director of oral history at the Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library. I’m here today with Jearl ‘Buck’ Ballow. Did I pronounce your first name right? Ballow: Jearl, yeah. DePue: Jearl. We are here to talk to Buck about his experiences during the Korean War. Now, we’ll start out right from the beginning and say you weren’t in Korea; you spent the war in Tokyo on the same staff where Douglas MacArthur was, except you were pretty far down the totem pole (Ballow laughs) in that respect. But from our pre-interview session, you’ve led a fascinating life, and I hope that we can get through your experiences during the Korean War. So let’s start with the basics, and if you could tell us, Buck, when and where you were born. Ballow: Well, I was born 15 May 1932 in a little town in southern Indiana, Cannelton—a little town in Perry County. It’s on the Ohio River. Very small town, (laughs) about two thousand people. Jearl ‘Buck’ Ballow Interview # VRK-A-L-2009-021.1 DePue: Okay. Did you grow up there? Ballow: Partially. That was during the Depression years, and my father had problems keeping a family of five kids together, so we spent about four or five years in St. Vincent’s School in Vincennes, Indiana. And, of course, he would take us out as he could. But I basically grew up in and around Cannelton. DePue: Okay. Do you remember much about life growing up in the Depression? Ballow: No, not really, because my memories of that time were basically of the time at St. Vincent’s, with the nuns and the priest and all the kids. So we weren’t really affected by the Depression as probably most people. That was our home, that school. DePue: What’s the ethnic background of Ballow? Ballow: That’s a good question. I’ve done some research on it. I believe it originally was French, and it moved from there into England, from England, of course, into the United States. We believe it was French for “good water,” is what it translates as. DePue: Any idea how the family ended up in southern Indiana? Ballow: No idea. I have no idea. I’ve been able to trace us back through Kentucky, into the mid-1800s, but trying to get it concrete back beyond that, it’s extremely difficult. That was my great-grandfather, and I believe I know who my great- great-grandfather was, but I can’t really narrow that down. DePue: Well, here’s the question I’m really curious about: ‘Buck’—how did you end up with a nickname of Buck? Ballow: It’s a family nickname. In my family, there are—or there were—several of them have passed on—I had an uncle Buck, a huge man, from Boonville, Indiana, the Lampton family. And I had a cousin, Anthony, who was nicknamed Buckshot, and I have another cousin who’s John Wesley, is named J-Buck. It’s just a family name that has been passed down through the generations. DePue: Okay. What did your father do for a living? Ballow: He was a laborer. He worked hard all his life, basically in the cotton mill in Cannelton. That can be hard work at times. And that’s all he ever did. DePue: How about your mother? Did she work? Ballow: She died when I was five years, so I really don’t— 2 Jearl ‘Buck’ Ballow Interview # VRK-A-L-2009-021.1 DePue: Nineteen… Ballow: Nineteen thirty-seven. DePue: Nineteen thirty-seven. Ballow: Yeah, April 1937. Yeah, I really have no memory of her, per se. About the only thing I can remember—and I can’t even swear it was that—it was a pair of huge hands reaching for me. And my brothers and sisters said, “Well, Mom’s hands were big.” I said, “Well, that’s the only thing I seem to remember.” DePue: Were you the youngest of the five? Ballow: No, my sister Betty was the youngest. I was next to her, and then there was Jim, Mary, and Bill above us. DePue: Okay. Growing up during that time, do you remember Pearl Harbor day? Ballow: Yes, absolutely. It was strange. We were at St. Vincent’s School in Vincennes at that time, and I think it was along about—it was after noon when we heard about it, I’m sure. We didn’t know what it was, what it was all about. What was I, nine years old, something like that? We didn’t understand what that was all about. One of the nuns—I remember her crying, and I asked her what was wrong, and she said, well, one of the boys that used to be here was at Pearl Harbor and was killed—or they thought at that time he was killed, and it turned out that he actually was—but she was worried about him. Those nuns, I have great respect for them, Catholic nuns. They took care of us; they taught us; if we got out of line, we got spanked (laughs)—I’ll say it that way. They didn’t show us any mercy when it comes to discipline. But I have great admiration for them. DePue: You obviously were raised as a Catholic, but you mentioned your mother had passed away, your dad was just a laborer. How did they afford to send the kids to a Catholic school? Ballow: The state did it for us. They knew that Dad could not take care of those kids. I think it was Catholic Charities that stepped in and said, Hey, look, we’ll send the kids in the school; you go on to work, and whenever you can afford it, take them out one at a time, and that’s what he did. So he couldn’t afford to pay for it. The state and Catholic Charities paid for it. DePue: But was he a Catholic himself? Ballow: Yeah. Oh, yeah, very much so. 3 Jearl ‘Buck’ Ballow Interview # VRK-A-L-2009-021.1 DePue: Well, that’s an amazing charity that you took advantage of, I guess. Ballow: I have dealt with them recently, in the last ten, fifteen years—the same outfit in Vincennes, Indiana. Very cooperative, very helpful to you. DePue: Okay. These older brothers, did they see any combat during World War II? Ballow: Now, Bill went into the Army early, and—I should say he went into the Air Corps. 1 He wanted to be a pilot, and they found out that he had bad eyes. And from that, he said, “Well, I can’t be a pilot. Can I be a gunner?” And neither one. (laughs) So he wound up in England at that time as a truck driver to start with, and when the Normandy thing was going, he was a driver in Patton’s— what did they call it?—the Red Ball Express, I think it was. He was a truck driver with Patton. And then they had the Battle of the Bulge, and the 28th Division got shot up rather badly, and he got pulled out of the truck and sent to the 28th as a rifleman, but he actually was an ammo bearer for a mortar squad. Jim went into the Navy, served in the Pacific. He was at—I believe it was Tarawa—I’m not sure, but I think it was Tarawa. He was on a Landing Craft Infantry, the type of ship where they had the ramps that fell down, and the troops disembarked from that, but they had taken those ramps off and they had placed rockets in their place. Jim was a cook, but his additional function was ammo bearer for the gun that was right on the bow of the ship, and I think it was a twenty- or forty-millimeter gun. He had two shot out from under him. Then at Iwo Jima, he remembers the ship going in, and he remembers sitting in the bow, and they were shooting here and there. Then he said the next thing he remembers, he woke up, he was in the hospital.