Corokia Get Thee to a Shrubbery!
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Toward a Resolution of Campanulid Phylogeny, with Special Reference to the Placement of Dipsacales
TAXON 57 (1) • February 2008: 53–65 Winkworth & al. • Campanulid phylogeny MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS Toward a resolution of Campanulid phylogeny, with special reference to the placement of Dipsacales Richard C. Winkworth1,2, Johannes Lundberg3 & Michael J. Donoghue4 1 Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Caixa Postal 11461–CEP 05422-970, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. [email protected] (author for correspondence) 2 Current address: School of Biology, Chemistry, and Environmental Sciences, University of the South Pacific, Private Bag, Laucala Campus, Suva, Fiji 3 Department of Phanerogamic Botany, The Swedish Museum of Natural History, Box 50007, 104 05 Stockholm, Sweden 4 Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology and Peabody Museum of Natural History, Yale University, P.O. Box 208106, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8106, U.S.A. Broad-scale phylogenetic analyses of the angiosperms and of the Asteridae have failed to confidently resolve relationships among the major lineages of the campanulid Asteridae (i.e., the euasterid II of APG II, 2003). To address this problem we assembled presently available sequences for a core set of 50 taxa, representing the diver- sity of the four largest lineages (Apiales, Aquifoliales, Asterales, Dipsacales) as well as the smaller “unplaced” groups (e.g., Bruniaceae, Paracryphiaceae, Columelliaceae). We constructed four data matrices for phylogenetic analysis: a chloroplast coding matrix (atpB, matK, ndhF, rbcL), a chloroplast non-coding matrix (rps16 intron, trnT-F region, trnV-atpE IGS), a combined chloroplast dataset (all seven chloroplast regions), and a combined genome matrix (seven chloroplast regions plus 18S and 26S rDNA). Bayesian analyses of these datasets using mixed substitution models produced often well-resolved and supported trees. -
Corokia Macrocarpa
Corokia macrocarpa COMMON NAME Hokataka, whakataka FAMILY Argophyllaceae AUTHORITY Corokia macrocarpa Kirk FLORA CATEGORY Vascular – Native ENDEMIC TAXON Yes ENDEMIC GENUS No ENDEMIC FAMILY Photo by John Smith-Dodsworth. No STRUCTURAL CLASS Trees & Shrubs - Dicotyledons NVS CODE CORMCC CHROMOSOME NUMBER 2n = 18 CURRENT CONSERVATION STATUS 2012 | At Risk – Naturally Uncommon | Qualifiers: IE, RR PREVIOUS CONSERVATION STATUSES 2009 | At Risk – Naturally Uncommon | Qualifiers: CD, IE 2004 | Range Restricted BRIEF DESCRIPTION Tall shrub with pointed greyish leaves that are white underneath Corokia macrocarpa. Photographer: Peter de inhabiting the Chatham Islands. Leaves somewhat leathery, margin Lange curved, 4-8cm long by 1.5-3.5cm wide, with white fuzz underneath. Flower yellow, star-shaped, with orange centre. Fruit orange. DISTRIBUTION Endemic to the Chatham Islands and is found on Chatham, South East, Pitt and Mangere islands. HABITAT This small tree or shrub occurs at sites near the sea, but can be found in a range of habitats, including open forest, cliffs, limestone outcrops and near lakes and lagoons, as well as rocky shores and beaches. FEATURES A small tree that can grow up to 6 m tall and has dark brown bark. The leaves are leathery, slightly curled at the margins and may vary in size depending on the habitat. It produces yellow flowers from November to April, while the orange or yellow fruit can be seen throughout the year. FLOWERING November - April FLOWER COLOURS Yellow FRUITING Throughout year LIFE CYCLE Fleshy drupes are dispersed by frugivory (Thorsen et al., 2009). ETYMOLOGY corokia: From the Maori name korokio or korokia-tarango macrocarpa: Large fruit ATTRIBUTION Fact sheet prepared by P.J. -
Bio 308-Course Guide
COURSE GUIDE BIO 308 BIOGEOGRAPHY Course Team Dr. Kelechi L. Njoku (Course Developer/Writer) Professor A. Adebanjo (Programme Leader)- NOUN Abiodun E. Adams (Course Coordinator)-NOUN NATIONAL OPEN UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA BIO 308 COURSE GUIDE National Open University of Nigeria Headquarters 14/16 Ahmadu Bello Way Victoria Island Lagos Abuja Office No. 5 Dar es Salaam Street Off Aminu Kano Crescent Wuse II, Abuja e-mail: [email protected] URL: www.nou.edu.ng Published by National Open University of Nigeria Printed 2013 ISBN: 978-058-434-X All Rights Reserved Printed by: ii BIO 308 COURSE GUIDE CONTENTS PAGE Introduction ……………………………………......................... iv What you will Learn from this Course …………………............ iv Course Aims ……………………………………………............ iv Course Objectives …………………………………………....... iv Working through this Course …………………………….......... v Course Materials ………………………………………….......... v Study Units ………………………………………………......... v Textbooks and References ………………………………........... vi Assessment ……………………………………………….......... vi End of Course Examination and Grading..................................... vi Course Marking Scheme................................................................ vii Presentation Schedule.................................................................... vii Tutor-Marked Assignment ……………………………….......... vii Tutors and Tutorials....................................................................... viii iii BIO 308 COURSE GUIDE INTRODUCTION BIO 308: Biogeography is a one-semester, 2 credit- hour course in Biology. It is a 300 level, second semester undergraduate course offered to students admitted in the School of Science and Technology, School of Education who are offering Biology or related programmes. The course guide tells you briefly what the course is all about, what course materials you will be using and how you can work your way through these materials. It gives you some guidance on your Tutor- Marked Assignments. There are Self-Assessment Exercises within the body of a unit and/or at the end of each unit. -
The Island Rule and Its Application to Multiple Plant Traits
The island rule and its application to multiple plant traits Annemieke Lona Hedi Hendriks A thesis submitted to the Victoria University of Wellington in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Ecology and Biodiversity Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand 2019 ii “The larger the island of knowledge, the longer the shoreline of wonder” Ralph W. Sockman. iii iv General Abstract Aim The Island Rule refers to a continuum of body size changes where large mainland species evolve to become smaller and small species evolve to become larger on islands. Previous work focuses almost solely on animals, with virtually no previous tests of its predictions on plants. I tested for (1) reduced floral size diversity on islands, a logical corollary of the island rule and (2) evidence of the Island Rule in plant stature, leaf size and petiole length. Location Small islands surrounding New Zealand; Antipodes, Auckland, Bounty, Campbell, Chatham, Kermadec, Lord Howe, Macquarie, Norfolk, Snares, Stewart and the Three Kings. Methods I compared the morphology of 65 island endemics and their closest ‘mainland’ relative. Species pairs were identified. Differences between archipelagos located at various latitudes were also assessed. Results Floral sizes were reduced on islands relative to the ‘mainland’, consistent with predictions of the Island Rule. Plant stature, leaf size and petiole length conformed to the Island Rule, with smaller plants increasing in size, and larger plants decreasing in size. Main conclusions Results indicate that the conceptual umbrella of the Island Rule can be expanded to plants, accelerating understanding of how plant traits evolve on isolated islands. -
Origin of the Rapa Endemic Genus Apostates: Revisiting Major Disjunctions and Evolutionary Conservatism in the Bahia Alliance (Compositae: Bahieae) Bruce G
Baldwin & Wood • Systematics and biogeography of the Bahia alliance TAXON 65 (5) • October 2016: 1064–1080 Origin of the Rapa endemic genus Apostates: Revisiting major disjunctions and evolutionary conservatism in the Bahia alliance (Compositae: Bahieae) Bruce G. Baldwin1 & Kenneth R. Wood2 1 Jepson Herbarium and Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, U.S.A. 2 National Tropical Botanical Garden, Kalaheo, Hawaii 96741, U.S.A. Author for correspondence: Bruce G. Baldwin, [email protected] ORCID BGB, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0028-2242; KRW, http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6446-1154 DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.12705/655.8 Abstract Molecular phylogenetic analyses of nuclear and chloroplast DNA sequences indicate that the rediscovered Apostates, known only from Rapa in the Austral Islands of southeastern Polynesia, represents an example of extreme long-distance dispersal (> 6500 km) from southwestern North America and one of at least four disjunctions of comparable magnitude in the primarily New World Bahia alliance (tribe Bahieae). Each of the disjunctions appears to have resulted from north-to-south dispersal since the mid-Miocene; three are associated with such marked morphological and ecological change that some of the southern taxa (including Apostates) have been treated in distinct genera of uncertain relationship. Phyllotaxy within the Bahia alliance, however, evidently has been even more conservative evolutionarily than reflected by previous taxonomies, with alternate-leaved and opposite-leaved clades in Bahia sensu Ellison each encompassing representatives of other genera that share the same leaf arrangements. A revised taxonomic treatment of the Bahia alliance is proposed to recognize morphologically distinctive, monophyletic genera, including the critically endangered Apostates. -
Relationships Within Cornales and Circumscription of Cornaceae—Matk and Rbcl Sequence Data and Effects of Outgroups and Long Branches
MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS AND EVOLUTION Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 24 (2002) 35–57 www.academicpress.com Relationships within Cornales and circumscription of Cornaceae—matK and rbcL sequence data and effects of outgroups and long branches (Jenny) Qiu-Yun Xiang,a,* Michael L. Moody,b Douglas E. Soltis,c Chaun zhu Fan,a and Pamela S. Soltis d a Department of Botany, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7612, USA b Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269-4236, USA c Department of Botany and the Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-5826, USA d Florida Museum of Natural History and the Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA Received 9 April 2001; received in revised form 1 March 2002 Abstract Phylogenetic relationships in Cornales were assessed using sequences rbcL and matK. Various combinations of outgroups were assessed for their suitability and the effects of long branches and outgroups on tree topology were examined using RASA 2.4 prior to conducting phylogenetic analyses. RASA identified several potentially problematic taxa having long branches in individual data sets that may have obscured phylogenetic signal, but when data sets were combined RASA no longer detected long branch problems. tRASA provides a more conservative measurement for phylogenetic signal than the PTP and skewness tests. The separate matK and rbcL sequence data sets were measured as the chloroplast DNA containing phylogenetic signal by RASA, but PTP and skewness tests suggested the reverse. Nonetheless, the matK and rbcL sequence data sets suggested relationships within Cornales largely congruent with those suggested by the combined matK–rbcL sequence data set that contains significant phylogenetic signal as measured by tRASA, PTP, and skewness tests. -
The Phytogeographical Affinities of the Pitcairn Islands – a Model for South-Eastern Polynesia?
Journal of Biogeography, 30, 1311–1328 The phytogeographical affinities of the Pitcairn Islands – a model for south-eastern Polynesia? Naomi Kingston1*, Steve Waldren2 and Una Bradley11Department of Botany, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland and 2Trinity College Botanic Gardens, Palmerston Park, Dartry, Dublin 6, Ireland Abstract Aim To identify how the Pitcairn group relates biogeographically to the south-eastern Polynesian region and if, as a subset of the regions flora, it can then be used as a model for biogeographical analyses. Location The Pitcairn group (25°4¢ S, 130°06¢ W) comprises four islands: Pitcairn, a relatively young, high volcanic Island; Henderson, an uplifted atoll, the uplift caused by the eruption of Pitcairn; and two atolls, Ducie and Oeno. The remote location, young age and range of island types found in the Pitcairn Island group makes the group ideal for the study of island biogeography and evolution. Methods A detailed literature survey was carried out and several data sets were com- piled. Dispersal method, propagule number and range data were collected for each of the 114 species that occurs in the Pitcairn group, and environmental data was also gathered for islands in Polynesia. Analyses were carried out using non-metric multidimensional scaling and clustering techniques. Results The flora of the Pitcairn Islands is derived from the flora of other island groups in the south-eastern Polynesian region, notably those of the Austral, Society and Cook Islands. Species with a Pacific-wide distribution dominate the overall Pitcairn group flora. However, each of the islands show different patterns; Pitcairn is dominated by species with Pacific, Polynesian and endemic distributions, with anemochory as the dominant dispersal method (39.5%); Henderson is also dominated by species with Pacific, Polynesian and endemic distributions, but zoochory is the dominant dispersal method (59.4); Oeno and Ducie are dominated by Pantropic species with hydrochory as the most common dispersal method (52.9% and 100%, respectively). -
A New Species of Argophyllum (Argophyllaceae) with Notes on the Species from New Caledonia and Nickel Hyperaccumulation
plants Article A New Species of Argophyllum (Argophyllaceae) with Notes on the Species from New Caledonia and Nickel Hyperaccumulation Yohan Pillon 1,* and Vanessa Hequet 2 1 LSTM, IRD, INRAE, CIRAD, Institut Agro, Univ. Montpellier, 34398 Montpellier, France 2 AMAP, IRD, Herbier NOU, 98848 Nouméa, New Caledonia; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: The taxonomy of Argophyllum (Argophyllaceae) in New Caledonia is reviewed here. All names validly published in Argophyllum in this archipelago are discussed and lectotypified when necessary. A new species is described, Argophyllum riparium (The LSID for the name Argophyllum riparium is: 77216335-1) Pillon and Hequet sp. nov. Argophyllum grunowii and A. ellipticum are both species complexes in which several species previously recognized are included here as well. Seven species are recognized in New Caledonia: A. brevipetalum, A. ellipticum, A. grunowii, A. montanum, A. nitidum, A. riparium and A. vernicosum, all endemic. Leaf nickel content of A. riparium can exceed 1000 µg·g−1, which makes this species a nickel hyperaccumulator. Measurements with a handheld X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) spectrometer confirmed that this was also the case for all other species from A. nitidum New Caledonia, except . An identification key of New Caledonian species is provided. Keywords: island; metal hyperaccumulation; Pacific; serpentine; systematics; ultramafic Citation: Pillon, Y.; Hequet, V. A New Species of Argophyllum (Argophyllaceae) with Notes on the Species from New Caledonia and Nickel Hyperaccumulation. Plants 1. Introduction 2021, 10, 701. https://doi.org/ Argophyllum J.R.Forst. and G.Forst. [1] (p. 29) is a genus of shrubs and small trees 10.3390/plants10040701 that has traditionally been placed in Saxifragaceae, or sometimes in Escalloniaceae or Grossulariaceae. -
Bremer Et Al. 2001
Plant Syst. Evol. 229: 137±169 <2001) A phylogenetic analysis of 100+ genera and 50+ families of euasterids based on morphological and molecular data with notes on possible higher level morphological synapomorphies K. Bremer1, A. Backlund2, B. Sennblad3, U. Swenson4, K. Andreasen5, M. Hjertson1, J. Lundberg1, M. Backlund1, and B. Bremer1 1Department of Systematic Botany, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden 2Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden 3Stockholm Bioinformatics Center, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden 4Department of Botany, University of Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden 5Molecular Systematics Laboratory, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden Received August 28, 2000 Accepted August 7, 2001 Abstract. A data matrix of 143 morphological and epigynous ¯owers, ``late sympetaly'' with distinct chemical characters for 142 genera of euasterids petal primordia, free stamen ®laments, and indehi- according to the APG system was compiled and scent fruits. It is unclear which of these characters complemented with rbcL and ndhF sequences for represent synapomorphies and symplesiomorphies most of the genera. The data were subjected to for the two groups, respectively, and there are parsimony analysis and support was assessed by numerous expections to be interpreted as reversals bootstrapping. Strict consensus trees from analyses and parallelisms. of morphology alone and morphology + rbcL+ ndhF are presented. The morphological data re- Key words: Angiosperms, asterids, euasterids, cover several groups supported by molecular data Asteridae, Apiales, Aquifoliales, Asterales, but at the level of orders and above relationships Dipsacales, Garryales, Gentianales, Lamiales, are only super®cially in agreement with molecular Solanales, Adoxaceae. Cladistics, phylogeny, studies. The analyses provide support for mono- morphology, rbcL, ndhF. -
Approved Conservation Advice for Corokia Whiteana
This Conservation Advice was approved by the Minister / Delegate of the Minister on: 1/10/2008 Approved Conservation Advice (s266B of the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999) Approved Conservation Advice for Corokia whiteana This Conservation Advice has been developed based on the best available information at the time this Conservation Advice was approved; this includes existing plans, records or management prescriptions for this species. Description Corokia whiteana, Family Grossulariaceae / Escalloniaceae, also known as Corokia, is a shrub or small tree to 4 m tall. Its young shoots, branches and flowers are scattered with hairs, which are sparser on older leaves, and mainly on the under-surface. The leaves, some of which are toothed, are mostly 2–7 cm long and 2–20 mm wide, tapering to the apex. The cream-coloured flowers are scented, usually have four petals held in loose clusters and occur from spring to summer. Flowers are followed by red, fleshy fruits, 8–12 mm long, usually with a single spindle-shaped seed (Harden, 2002; DECC NSW, 2005). Conservation Status Corokia whiteana is listed as vulnerable. This species is eligible for listing as vulnerable under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (Cwlth) (EPBC Act) as, prior to the commencement of the EPBC Act, it was listed as vulnerable under Schedule 1 of the Endangered Species Protection Act 1992 (Cwlth). The species is also listed as vulnerable under the Threatened Species Conservation Act 1995 (NSW). Distribution and Habitat Corokia whiteana has a restricted distribution in north-east NSW (DECC NSW, 2005). Three distinct occurrences of the species are known: Nightcap Range, Tweed Valley, and near Brunswick Heads (DECC NSW, 2005) within the Mt Jerusalem National Park (NP), Nightcap NP, and Whian Whian State Forest (Sheringham & Westerway, 1995). -
ABSTRACT Fan, Chuanzhu. Molecular
ABSTRACT Fan, Chuanzhu. Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Dogwoods. (Under the direction of Dr. Jenny Qiu-Yun Xiang) Dogwoods consist of morphologically diverse plants, and taxonomic circumscription and phylogenetic relationships of dogwoods have long been controversial. My dissertation study has two major goals: 1) elucidate phylogenetic relationships in the dogwoods group using nuclear DNA sequences, and 2) investigate the sequence evolution and its morphological link of the myc-like anthocyanin regulatory gene and explore the phylogenetic utility of the gene in dogwoods. Phylogenetic relationships within Cornus and Cornales (Cornus and related genera and families) were previously investigated using chloroplast DNA sequence data in several studies, but these still remained incompletely resolved. I used nuclear 26S rDNA sequences to further elucidate relationships within the group and to corroborate previously published phylogenetic hypotheses based on cpDNA and morphological data. Phylogenetic analyses of 26S rDNA sequence data (~3.4 kb) in combination with sequences of chloroplast genes rbcL and matK, suggest that the aquatic enigmatic genus, Hydrostachys from southern Africa, is sister to the remainder of Cornales among which Cornus and Alangium are sisters, nyssoids (Nyssa, Camptotheca, and Davidia) and mastixioids (Mastixia and Diplopanax) are sisters, and Hydrangeaceae and Loasaceae are sisters. These relationships, except the placement of Hydrostachys, are consistent with previous findings from analyses of matK-rbcL sequence data. Within Cornus, the dwarf dogwoods (subg. Arctocrania) are the sister of the big-bracted dogwoods (subg. Cynoxylon and subg. Syncarpea). This clade is, in turn, sister to the cornelian cherries (subg. Cornus and subg. Afrocrania). This large red-fruited clade is sister to a clade consisting of the blue- or white-fruited species (subg. -
Auchenorrhyncha (Insecta: Hemiptera): Catalogue
Larivière, M.-C.; Fletcher, M. J.; Larochelle, A. 2010: Auchenorrhyncha (Insecta: Hemiptera): catalogue. Fauna of New Zealand 63, 232 pp. The Copyright notice printed on page 4 applies to the use of this PDF. This PDF is not to be posted on websites. Links should be made to: FNZ.LandcareResearch.co.nz EDITORIAL BOARD Dr R. M. Emberson, c/- Department of Ecology, P.O. Box 84, Lincoln University, New Zealand Dr M. J. Fletcher, Director of the Collections, NSW Agricultural Scientific Collections Unit, Forest Road, Orange, NSW 2800, Australia Dr R. J. B. Hoare, Landcare Research, Private Bag 92170, Auckland, New Zealand Dr M.-C. Larivière, Landcare Research, Private Bag 92170, Auckland, New Zealand Mr R. L. Palma, Natural Environment Department, Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa, P.O. Box 467, Wellington, New Zealand SERIES EDITOR Dr T. K. Crosby, Landcare Research, Private Bag 92170, Auckland, New Zealand Fauna of New Zealand Ko te Aitanga Pepeke o Aotearoa Number / Nama 63 Auchenorrhyncha (Insecta: Hemiptera): catalogue M.-C. Larivière 1, M. J. Fletcher 2, and A. Larochelle 3 1, 3 Landcare Research, Private Bag 92170, Auckland, New Zealand 2 Industry & Investment NSW, Orange Agricultural Institute, Orange NSW 2800, Australia 1 [email protected], 2 [email protected], 3 [email protected] with colour photographs by B. E. Rhode Manaak i W h e n u a P R E S S Lincoln, Canterbury, New Zealand 2010 4 Larivière, Fletcher & Larochelle (2010): Auchenorrhyncha (Insecta: Hemiptera) Copyright © Landcare Research New Zealand Ltd 2010 No part of this work covered by copyright may be reproduced or copied in any form or by any means (graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, taping information retrieval systems, or otherwise) without the written permission of the publisher.