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1999 Contr. Tert. Quatern. Geol. 36(1-4) 25-39 9 figs, 1 tab. Leiden, December Additional hominoid material from the Miocene of Spain and remarks on hominoid dispersals into Europe J. van der Made Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales Madrid, Spain and F. Ribot Institut Paleontologic Dr M. Crusafont Sabadell, Spain from the Miocene of and remarks into — Made, J. van der & F. Ribot. Additional hominoid material Spain on hominoid dispersals Europe. Contr. Tert. Quatern. Geol., 36(1-4): 25-39, 9 figs, 1 tab. Leiden,December 1999. hominoid molar from in collections from 1920s housed at the Museu i Laboratori de A upper Hostalets, recently recognised the Geologia del Seminari is the this well be the first tooth to have been collected in the (Barcelona) assigned to genus Dryopithecus; may dryopithecine hominoid into are discussed here as Vallès-Penedès. With Hostalets as one of the older EuropeanDryopithecus localities, dispersals Europe well. These coincided with dispersals of other mammals, and such events were related to eustatic sea level changes and global climate. The remains of first have 15.5 Ma (beginning of MN 5); its affinities are not clear. Since the European hominoid may entered Europe ago different are to a different and even represent a Griphopithecus are at least 3 Ma younger, they likely represent species, might genus. than 14 Ma MN and later than 12.5 Ma MN it entered Griphopithecus entered Anatolia probably not later ago (late 5), not ago (late 6) the The hominoids from Klein Hadersdorf and are these occurrences might represent same species. Remains Europe. ages of Çandir close; much have also 12.5 Ma from Africa. from Neudorf-Sandbergare younger. Dryopithecus may entered Europe ago, coming directly — hominoid Key words Dryopithecus, Hominoidea, Vallès-Penedès, stratigraphic age, dispersals. E-28006 F. Institut J. Van der Made, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, CSIC, Jose Gutierrez Abascal 2, Madrid, Spain; Ribot, Paleontologic Dr M. Crusafont, C. Escola Industrial 23, E-08201 Sabadell, Spain. of Contents nari in Barcelona (MLGSB), one us (JvdM) recog- suid fossils from nised the present specimen amongst Hostalets. The newDryopithecus tooth is from a collec- tion made by M. Guérin in the 1920s, which was later Introduction p. 25 transferred to the MLGSB. At that time, Hostalets was and of the new material 27 Description comparison . p. still assumed to be a 'locality', with fossils from a single The ages of Turkish and European 28 level only. To date, 'Hostalets' is considered to represent Miocene hominoids p. an with two stratigraphical levels, a Late Aragonian Dispersal of dryopithecines into Europe p. 34 area, (Middle Miocene, MN 7 + 8; Neogene Mammal Units, Summary and conclusions p. 35 and Lower Vallesian de Bruijn et al., 1992), an (Upper Acknowledgements p. 37 considered to be older than the Miocene, MN 9) one, References p. 37 Can Ponsic and Can Llobateres localities (Agusti et al., 1984). In view of the fact that the present Dryopithecus Introduction tooth is from an old collection ('Hostalets oc'), its exact stratigraphical provenance remains unknown. Crusafont Pairo the When cataloguing and studying fossil suids in the col- Villalta Cornelia & (1941) were lections of the Museu i Laboratori de Geologia del Semi- first to record a dryopithecine from the Valles-Penedes. 26 - 1. MLGSB M² from - of occlusal middle and Fig. 48486, right of Dryopithecus Hostalets, x 4; upper figures stereo pair view, buccal posterior views, lower - anterior and lingual views. This fossil of The is of interest in (IPS 1), the type Sivapithecus occidentalis present specimen special being Villalta Cornelia & Crusafont Pairo, 1949, originally the oldest upper molar of Dryopithecus to have been consisted of two teeth united by a piece of mandible, now recorded to date from the area. Material from Can Ponsic lost. The isolated molars are now numbered IPS 1826 (= (= type material of D. crusafonti Begun, 1992a) and Can M2) and IPS 1827 (= M3). The specimen was found by Llobateres (attributed to D. laietanus) is younger (Begun Crusafont in the area of Hostalets, near a track leading et al., 1990). In addition, it represents one of the oldest from Can Vila to Can Mata. Villalta Cornelia & Crusa- remains of Dryopithecus. In light of this, the time seems font additional data the of Pairo (1941) considered it to be of Vindobonian (= right to present on (relative) ages Late beds in the hominoid localities and discuss model of Aragonian) age, and noted that other European a Can Mata-Ocata These hominoid into area had yielded Hipparion. dispersal Europe. authors were already aware of the fact that Hostalets did not represent a single locality. Six other mammal species Abbreviations — Numerous collections have been stud- were stated to have been collected from the beds that ied; to indicate the repositories of specimens examined yielded the mandible; none of these favours an Arago- the following abbreviations are used: nian or Vallesian age. Subsequent work has resulted in the the consensus that specimen is considered to be of GML Geological Museum, Lisbon et 1984; Aragonian age (Agusti al., Begun et al., 1990). HGSB Hungarian Geological Survey, Budapest 27 IGGML Institut fiir Geowissenschaften/Geologie der Montan- universitat Mesio-distal diametre 11.3 IPS Institut Paleontologic Dr M. Crusafont, Sabadell IPUW Institut fur Palaontologie, Universitat Wien Bucco-lingual width of the first lobe 11.5 Universiteit IVAU Instituut voor Aardwetenschappen, (= maximum width) Utrecht Bucco-lingual width between the lobes 10.4 MGB Museo Geologico, Barcelona MGL Museum Guimet, Lyon Bucco-lingual width of the posterior lobe 9.7 MLGSB Museu i Laboratori de Geologia del Seminari, Barce- of Maximum diagonal the crown, D1 12.5 lona Nacional de MNCN Museo Ciencias Naturales, Madrid the dl 11.5 Minimum diagonal of crown, MNHN Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris Maximum diagonal of the occlusal surface, 10.2 MPZ Museo Paleontologico de la Universidad de Zaragoza D2 MTA Maden Tetkik ve Arama, Ankara NMB Naturhistorisches Museum, Basel Minimum diagonal of the occlusal surface, 7.2 NMM Naturhistorisches Museum, Mainz d2 NMW Naturhistorisches Museum, Wien Mesio-distal length of the anterior fovea 4.6 PIMUZ Palaontologisches Institut und Museum, Universitat Zurich Mesio-distal length of the posterior fovea 3.5 PDTFAU Paleoantropoloii, Dil ve Tarih Cografya Facultesi, Ankara Universitesi, Ankara SLJG Steiermarkisches Landesmuseum Joanneum,Graz Table 1. Measurements (in mm) of MLGSB 48486, right M² SMNS Staatliches Museum fiirNaturkunde, Stuttgart ofDryopithecus from Hostalets. UCBL Universite Claude Bernard, Lyon There is no indication of a metaconule in this crest. The DESCRIPTION direction and the tri- AND COMPARISON OF THE NEW crest is in a diagonal separates large MATERIAL gonid basin from the smaller talon. The trigonal crest of the hypoconc is mesio-buccally directed and ends near the is bunodont is end of the crista On the distal side of the The fact that the present tooth (Fig. 1) lingual obliqua. the for its confounded with that of there is small probably reason being metacone a accessory cusp, a 'postmetacone' The is a suid. 'Bunodont molars' occur in suids, ursids and pri- or 'postero-external accessory cusp'. hypocone united to the the transcrista mates, though this descriptive term includes very differ- 'postmetacone' by posterior and the crest. There is much variation in ent morphologies. The low cusps and other morphologi- marginal-distal features indicate that the the of the Carabelli in the molars cal present specimen belongs to development cusp upper Hostalets does not have a a primate. The trigon and hypocone are recognisable, of D. laietanus; the tooth from Carabelli all. indicating that it is an upper molar. Aragonian and Valle- cusp at sian European primates include pliopithecids, Dryopith- The four sides of the tooth are smooth. There is no unlike in which have ecus and Griphopithecus. lingual cingulum, pliopithecids, a The occlusal surface has a mesio-distally elongated, wide cingulum along the hypocone. There is a deep furrow the wall between the and rectangular outline. The base of the crown has a nearly on lingual protocone hypocone, and similar furrow the buccal wall. square outline, being slightly rounded bucco-distally, un- a on The molars of darwini like the M' which have a reduced or even absent metacone, upper Griphopithecus are outline. The tooth molar from resulting in a trianglular or trapezoidal relatively wide; an upper Neudorf-Sandberg assumed be NT from Hostalets is therefore either an M' or an M. Meas- (Dvinska Nova Ves), to an (Steininger, has a of 11.6 mm and a width of 13.5 mm urements are given in Table 1. 1967), length It is much and, in particular, much The mesial crista of the paracone is short and adds to (IPUW, cast). larger the formationof the mesio-marginal crest, which is longer wider than the Dryopithecus upper molars (compare Fig. and with the mesial of the The tooth is than the Ml of Dryopithecus from merges crest protocone (proto- 2). larger the Valles-Penedes and but enters into the crista). The mesio-lingual crest of the paracone forms part Rudabanya, of the anterior transcrista, which ends abruptly at the base ranges for the M2 (Fig. 2), and is similar in morphology to 2 1 of the protocrista. The mesio-marginal crest, protocrista the M and M of D. laietanus (see Golpe Posse, 1993 for anterior in small detailed The size of MGSB 48486 exceeds and transcrista converge one point, a cus- a description). small that of of the M of from the Vallès- pule, reminiscent of a protoconule. A disto-lingual any 1 Dryopithecus 2 crest is directed from the to the buccal crest of Pencdès and Rudabänya, but is within the of the M paracone ranges We believe the tooth is M' of the protocone.
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  • A Unique Middle Miocene European Hominoid and the Origins of the Great Ape and Human Clade

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    A unique Middle Miocene European hominoid and the origins of the great ape and human clade Salvador Moya` -Sola` a,1, David M. Albab,c, Sergio Alme´ cijac, Isaac Casanovas-Vilarc, Meike Ko¨ hlera, Soledad De Esteban-Trivignoc, Josep M. Roblesc,d, Jordi Galindoc, and Josep Fortunyc aInstitucio´Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avanc¸ats at Institut Catala`de Paleontologia (ICP) and Unitat d’Antropologia Biolo`gica (Dipartimento de Biologia Animal, Biologia Vegetal, i Ecologia), Universitat Auto`noma de Barcelona, Edifici ICP, Campus de Bellaterra s/n, 08193 Cerdanyola del Valle`s, Barcelona, Spain; bDipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Universita`degli Studi di Firenze, Via G. La Pira 4, 50121 Florence, Italy; cInstitut Catala`de Paleontologia, Universitat Auto`noma de Barcelona, Edifici ICP, Campus de Bellaterra s/n, 08193 Cerdanyola del Valle`s, Barcelona, Spain; and dFOSSILIA Serveis Paleontolo`gics i Geolo`gics, S.L. c/ Jaume I nu´m 87, 1er 5a, 08470 Sant Celoni, Barcelona, Spain Edited by David Pilbeam, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, and approved March 4, 2009 (received for review November 20, 2008) The great ape and human clade (Primates: Hominidae) currently sediments by the diggers and bulldozers. After 6 years of includes orangutans, gorillas, chimpanzees, bonobos, and humans. fieldwork, 150 fossiliferous localities have been sampled from the When, where, and from which taxon hominids evolved are among 300-m-thick local stratigraphic series of ACM, which spans an the most exciting questions yet to be resolved. Within the Afro- interval of 1 million years (Ϸ12.5–11.3 Ma, Late Aragonian, pithecidae, the Kenyapithecinae (Kenyapithecini ؉ Equatorini) Middle Miocene).
  • A New Species of Chleuastochoerus (Artiodactyla: Suidae) from the Linxia Basin, Gansu Province, China

    A New Species of Chleuastochoerus (Artiodactyla: Suidae) from the Linxia Basin, Gansu Province, China

    Zootaxa 3872 (5): 401–439 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2014 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3872.5.1 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:5DBE5727-CD34-4599-810B-C08DB71C8C7B A new species of Chleuastochoerus (Artiodactyla: Suidae) from the Linxia Basin, Gansu Province, China SUKUAN HOU1, 2, 3 & TAO DENG1 1Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100044, China 2State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sci- ences Nanjing 210008, China 3Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract The Linxia Basin, Gansu Province, China, is known for its abundant and well-preserved fossils. Here a new species, Chleuastochoerus linxiaensis sp. nov., is described based on specimens collected from the upper Miocene deposits of the Linxia Basin, distinguishable from C. stehlini by the relatively long facial region, more anteromedial-posterolaterally compressed upper canine and more complicated cheek teeth. A cladistics analysis placed Chleuastochoerus in the sub- family Hyotheriinae, being one of the basal taxa of this subfamily. Chleuastochoerus linxiaensis and C. stehlini are con- sidered to have diverged before MN 10. C. tuvensis from Russia represents a separate lineage of Chleuastochoerus, which may have a closer relationship to C. stehlini but bears more progressive P4/p4 and M3. Key words: Linxia Basin, upper Miocene Liushu Formation, Hyotheriinae, Chleuastochoerus, phylogeny Introduction Chleuastochoerus Pearson 1928 is a small late Miocene-early Pliocene fossil pig (Suidae).