Intramolecular Dehydration of Biomass-Derived Sugar Alcohols in High-Temperature Water
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GRAS Notice 789 for Erythritol
GRAS Notice (GRN) No. 789 https://www.fda.gov/food/generally-recognized-safe-gras/gras-notice-inventory. Toi• Strategies ~~~~G~~[)) JUN 7 20'8 Innovative solutions Sound science OFFICE OF FOOD ADDITIVE SAFE1Y June 5, 2018 Dr. Dennis Keefe Director, Division of Biotechnology and GRAS Notice Review Office of Food Additive Safety (HFS-200) Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition Food and Drug Administration 5100 Paint Branch Parkway College Park, MD 20740-3835 Subject: GRAS Notification - Erythritol Dear Dr. Keefe: On behalf of Cargill, Incorporated, ToxStrategies, Inc. (its agent) is submitting, for FDA review, a copy of the GRAS notification as required. The enclosed document provides notice of a claim that the food ingredient, erythritol, described in the enclosed notification is exempt from the premarket approval requirement of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act because it has been determined to be generally recognized as safe (GRAS), based on scientific procedures, for addition to food. If you have any questions or require additional information, please do not hesitate to contact me at 630-352-0303, or [email protected]. Sincerely, (b) (6) Donald F. Schmitt, M.P.H. Senior Managing Scientist ToxStrategies, Inc., 931 W. 75th St. , Suite 137, PMB 263, Naperville, IL 60565 1 Office (630) 352-0303 • www.toxstrategies.com GRAS Determination of Erythritol for Use in Human Food JUNES,2018 Innovative solutions s ,..,.,',--.r-.r--.r--. OFFICE OF FOOD ADDITIVE SAFE1Y GRAS Determination of Erythritol for Use in Human Food SUBMITTED BY: Cargill, Incorporated 15407 McGinty Road West Wayzata, MN 55391 SUBMITTED TO: U.S. Food and Drug Administration Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition Office of Food Additive Safety HFS-200 5100 Paint Branch Parkway College Park MD 20740-3835 CONTACT FOR TECHNICAL OR OTIIER INFORMATION Donald F. -
Low Molecular Weight Organic Composition of Ethanol Stillage from Sugarcane Molasses, Citrus Waste, and Sweet Whey Michael K
Chemical and Biological Engineering Publications Chemical and Biological Engineering 2-1994 Low Molecular Weight Organic Composition of Ethanol Stillage from Sugarcane Molasses, Citrus Waste, and Sweet Whey Michael K. Dowd Iowa State University Steven L. Johansen Iowa State University Laura Cantarella Iowa State University See next page for additional authors Follow this and additional works at: http://lib.dr.iastate.edu/cbe_pubs Part of the Biochemical and Biomolecular Engineering Commons, and the Biological Engineering Commons The ompc lete bibliographic information for this item can be found at http://lib.dr.iastate.edu/ cbe_pubs/12. For information on how to cite this item, please visit http://lib.dr.iastate.edu/ howtocite.html. This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Chemical and Biological Engineering at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Chemical and Biological Engineering Publications by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Low Molecular Weight Organic Composition of Ethanol Stillage from Sugarcane Molasses, Citrus Waste, and Sweet Whey Abstract Filtered stillage from the distillation of ethanol made by yeast fermentation of sugarcane molasses, citrus waste, and sweet whey was analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy and by high-performance liquid chromatography. Nearly all of the major peaks representing low molecular weight organic components were identified. The am jor components in cane stillage were, in decreasing order of concentration, lactic acid, glycerol, ethanol, and acetic acid. In citrus stillage they were lactic acid, glycerol, myo-inositol, acetic acid, chiro-inositol, and proline. -
New Yeasts Capable of Assimilating Methanol*
J. Gen. Appl. Microbiol., 18, 295-305 (1972) NEW YEASTS CAPABLE OF ASSIMILATING METHANOL* TOSHIKAZU OKI, KAGEAKI KOUNO, ATSUO KITAI, ANDASAICHIRO OZAKI Central Research Laboratories of Sanraku- Ocean Co., Ltd., Fujisawa, Japan (Received May 10, 1972) Twenty strains of methanol strongly assimilating yeasts were isolated from rotten tomato and a flower of azalea through investigations on the single- cell protein production and on the microbial utilization of Cl compound. Taxonomic studies indicated that these yeasts were limited to certain species of Candida and Torulopsis, including two new species; C. methanolica OKi et KouNo sp. nov. and T. methanolovescens OKi et KouNo sp. nov. One hundred and ninety-one strains of yeasts obtained from type culture collections did not exhibit methanol assimilability at all. The possibility of producing a single-cell protein from methanol by micro- organisms was suggested by the extensive studies concerning methane- or methanol-assimilating bacteria, Pseudomonas sp. PRL-W4 (1), Pseudomonas methanica (2, 3, 4), Methanomonas methanooxidans (5, 6), Pseudomonas AM 1(7 ), Pseudomonas sp. M27 (8), and Vibrio extorquens (9). Moreover, it is of considerable interest that OGATA et al. first reported the assimila- tion of methanol by yeast, Kloeckera sp. No. 2201 (10, 11, 12). More recently, ASTHANA et al. (13) isolated one species of yeast capable of uti- lizing methanol as a primary carbon source and identified it tentatively as Torulopsis glabrata. However, its taxonomical characteristics have not been reported yet. In the course of investigations on yeast production and microbial utiliza- tion of Ci compounds, two new species of yeasts assimilating methanol as a carbon and energy source were isolated from natural sources. -
Benzyl-L-Threitol
A Publication of Reliable Methods for the Preparation of Organic Compounds Working with Hazardous Chemicals The procedures in Organic Syntheses are intended for use only by persons with proper training in experimental organic chemistry. All hazardous materials should be handled using the standard procedures for work with chemicals described in references such as "Prudent Practices in the Laboratory" (The National Academies Press, Washington, D.C., 2011; the full text can be accessed free of charge at http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12654). All chemical waste should be disposed of in accordance with local regulations. For general guidelines for the management of chemical waste, see Chapter 8 of Prudent Practices. In some articles in Organic Syntheses, chemical-specific hazards are highlighted in red “Caution Notes” within a procedure. It is important to recognize that the absence of a caution note does not imply that no significant hazards are associated with the chemicals involved in that procedure. Prior to performing a reaction, a thorough risk assessment should be carried out that includes a review of the potential hazards associated with each chemical and experimental operation on the scale that is planned for the procedure. Guidelines for carrying out a risk assessment and for analyzing the hazards associated with chemicals can be found in Chapter 4 of Prudent Practices. The procedures described in Organic Syntheses are provided as published and are conducted at one's own risk. Organic Syntheses, Inc., its Editors, and its Board of Directors do not warrant or guarantee the safety of individuals using these procedures and hereby disclaim any liability for any injuries or damages claimed to have resulted from or related in any way to the procedures herein. -
Bio-Based Chemicals from Renewable Biomass for Integrated Biorefineries
energies Review Bio-Based Chemicals from Renewable Biomass for Integrated Biorefineries Kirtika Kohli 1 , Ravindra Prajapati 2 and Brajendra K. Sharma 1,* 1 Prairie Research Institute—Illinois Sustainable Technology Center, University of Illinois, Urbana Champaign, IL 61820, USA; [email protected] 2 Conversions & Catalysis Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248005, India; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 10 December 2018; Accepted: 4 January 2019; Published: 13 January 2019 Abstract: The production of chemicals from biomass, a renewable feedstock, is highly desirable in replacing petrochemicals to make biorefineries more economical. The best approach to compete with fossil-based refineries is the upgradation of biomass in integrated biorefineries. The integrated biorefineries employed various biomass feedstocks and conversion technologies to produce biofuels and bio-based chemicals. Bio-based chemicals can help to replace a large fraction of industrial chemicals and materials from fossil resources. Biomass-derived chemicals, such as 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF), levulinic acid, furfurals, sugar alcohols, lactic acid, succinic acid, and phenols, are considered platform chemicals. These platform chemicals can be further used for the production of a variety of important chemicals on an industrial scale. However, current industrial production relies on relatively old and inefficient strategies and low production yields, which have decreased their competitiveness with fossil-based alternatives. The aim of the presented review is to provide a survey of past and current strategies used to achieve a sustainable conversion of biomass to platform chemicals. This review provides an overview of the chemicals obtained, based on the major components of lignocellulosic biomass, sugars, and lignin. -
Green Synthesis of 1,5‑Dideoxy‑1,5‑Imino‑Ribitol and 1 ,5
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Green synthesis of 1,5‑dideoxy‑1,5‑imino‑ribitol and 1,5‑ dideox y‑1 ,5‑ imino‑ dl ‑a rabinitol from natural d‑sugars 2− over Au/Al2O3 and SO4 /Al2O3 catalysts Hongjian Gao & Ao Fan* A green synthetic route for the synthesis of some potential enzyme active hydroxypiperidine iminosugars including 1,5‑dideoxy‑1,5‑imino‑ribitol and 1,5‑dideoxy‑1,5‑imino‑dl‑arabinitol, starting from commercially available d‑ribose and d‑lyxose was tested out. Heterogeneous catalysts including 2− Au/Al2O3, SO4 /Al2O3 as well as environmentally friendly reagents were employed into several critical reaction of the route. The synthetic route resulted in good overall yields of 1,5‑dideoxy‑1,5‑imino‑ ribitol of 54%, 1,5‑dideoxy‑1,5‑imino‑d‑arabinitol of 48% and 1,5‑dideoxy‑1,5‑imino‑l‑arabinitol of 46%. The Au/Al2O3 catalyst can be easily recovered from the reaction mixture and reused with no loss of activity. Iminosugars are analogues of carbohydrates, chemically named as polyhydroxylated secondary and tertiary amines and found to be widespread in plants and microorganisms. Tanks to their structural similarity to sugar molecules and excellent metabolic stability, iminosugars are endowed with a high pharmacological potential for a wide range of diseases such as viral infections, tumor metastasis, AIDS, diabetes and lysosomal storage disorders1–11. Iminosugars are generally classifed into fve structural classes: pyrrolidines, piperidines, indolizidines, pyrrolizidines and nortropanes12. Hydroxypiperidines are structurally six-membered iminosugars. Some of the hydroxypiperidines such as 1,5-dideoxy-1,5-iminohexitol derivatives have now been commercialized as drugs to treat type II diabetes mellitus, type I Gaucher disease, Niemann-Pick disease type C (NP-C) and Fabry disease13–18. -
Application of Chiral Sulfoxides in Asymmetric Synthesis
MOJ Bioorganic & Organic Chemistry Review Article Open Access Application of chiral sulfoxides in asymmetric synthesis Abstract Volume 2 Issue 2 - 2018 Chiral sulfoxides are used as a toolbox for the synthesis of enantiomeric/diastereomeric compounds, which are used as precursors for the pharmaceutically/chemically Ganapathy Subramanian Sankaran,1 important molecules. The current review focuses on applying these chiral sulfoxides Srinivasan Arumugan,2 Sivaraman towards the synthesis of the compounds having stereogenic center. In general, the 3 stereogenic center induced by the sulfoxide is able to direct the stereochemistry of Balasubramaniam 1University of Massachusetts Medical School, USA further transformation necessary to complete the total synthesis of bioactive molecules. 2Department of Science and Humanity (Chemistry), Karunya The nature of the reactive conformation of the sulfoxide is strongly dependent on the Institute of Technology and Sciences, India nature of the substituents at C-α and/or C-β. 3Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India Correspondence: Sivaraman Balasubramaniam, Senior Research Scientist, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India, Tel +9177 1880 5113, Email [email protected] Received: March 07, 2018 | Published: March 29, 2018 Introduction occurred in a further oxidation step of one of the sulfinyl enantiomer to sulfone.13 The titanium-binaphthol complex catalyzes not only the Over the last three decades, the sulfinyl group has received asymmetric oxidation but also the kinetic -
Sugar Alcohols a Sugar Alcohol Is a Kind of Alcohol Prepared from Sugars
Sweeteners, Good, Bad, or Something even Worse. (Part 8) These are Low calorie sweeteners - not non-calorie sweeteners Sugar Alcohols A sugar alcohol is a kind of alcohol prepared from sugars. These organic compounds are a class of polyols, also called polyhydric alcohol, polyalcohol, or glycitol. They are white, water-soluble solids that occur naturally and are used widely in the food industry as thickeners and sweeteners. In commercial foodstuffs, sugar alcohols are commonly used in place of table sugar (sucrose), often in combination with high intensity artificial sweeteners to counter the low sweetness of the sugar alcohols. Unlike sugars, sugar alcohols do not contribute to the formation of tooth cavities. Common Sugar Alcohols Arabitol, Erythritol, Ethylene glycol, Fucitol, Galactitol, Glycerol, Hydrogenated Starch – Hydrolysate (HSH), Iditol, Inositol, Isomalt, Lactitol, Maltitol, Maltotetraitol, Maltotriitol, Mannitol, Methanol, Polyglycitol, Polydextrose, Ribitol, Sorbitol, Threitol, Volemitol, Xylitol, Of these, xylitol is perhaps the most popular due to its similarity to sucrose in visual appearance and sweetness. Sugar alcohols do not contribute to tooth decay. However, consumption of sugar alcohols does affect blood sugar levels, although less than that of "regular" sugar (sucrose). Sugar alcohols may also cause bloating and diarrhea when consumed in excessive amounts. Erythritol Also labeled as: Sugar alcohol Zerose ZSweet Erythritol is a sugar alcohol (or polyol) that has been approved for use as a food additive in the United States and throughout much of the world. It was discovered in 1848 by British chemist John Stenhouse. It occurs naturally in some fruits and fermented foods. At the industrial level, it is produced from glucose by fermentation with a yeast, Moniliella pollinis. -
(12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2006/0165623 A1 Workman Et Al
US 2006O165623A1 (19) United States (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2006/0165623 A1 Workman et al. (43) Pub. Date: Jul. 27, 2006 (54) NATURAL IDEODORANT COMPOSITION (57) ABSTRACT (75) Inventors: Tanya Workman, Mansonville (CA); Svetlana Ratnikova, Toronto (CA) The present invention relates to a natural deodorant system and a natural system for topical and systemic delivery of Correspondence Address: active ingredients, both systems being primarily free of Louis C. Paul, Esq. preferably substantially free of more preferably essentially CTSW free of, and most preferably completely free of ethoxylates Suite 2400 or other petrochemical derivatives, and comprising: (a) at least one of (1) glycerine (preferably of plant origin), (2) a 420 Lexington Avenue polyol selected from the group consisting of galactitol, New York, NY 10170 (US) erythritol, inositol, ribitol, dithioerythritol, dithiothreitol, (3) a Sugar alcohol, selected from the group consisting of (73) Assignee: Terra Firma Natuals, Inc. mannitol, Sorbitol. Xylitol and maltitol, (4) a hydrogenated starch hydrosylates of at least one of berries, apples or (21) Appl. No.: 11/042,569 plums, and (5) mixtures thereof; (b) water or a lower monohydric alcohol, selected from the group of methanol, (22) Filed: Jan. 24, 2005 ethanol, propanol and isoproponal, or mixtures thereof, present at a combined concentration of at least 20%; (c) one Publication Classification or more carrageenans (preferably of plant origin) or algi nates, or mixtures thereof, present in combined concentra (51) Int. C. tions of less than about 2%; and (d) optionally, one or more A6 IK 8/73 (2006.01) thickeners or gums selected from the group consisting of tara, guar, Xanthan, Arabic, tragacanth, agar, locust bean (52) U.S. -
The Generation and Reactivity of Organozinc Carbenoids
The Generation and Reactivity of Organozinc Carbenoids A Thesis Presented by Caroline Joy Nutley In Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Award of the Degree DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY of the UNIVERSITY OF LONDON Christopher Ingold Laboratories Department of Chemistry University College London London WCIH OAJ September 1995 ProQuest Number: 10016731 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest. ProQuest 10016731 Published by ProQuest LLC(2016). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 Through doubting we come to questioning and through questioning we come to the truth. Peter Abelard, Paris, 1122 Abstract This thesis concerns an investigation into the generation and reactivity of organozinc carbenoids, from both a practical and mechanistic standpoint, using the reductive deoxygenation of carbonyl compounds with zinc and a silicon electrophile. The first introductory chapter is a review of organozinc carbenoids in synthesis. The second chapter opens with an overview of the development of the reductive deoxygenation of carbonyl compounds with zinc and a silicon electrophile since its inception in 1973. The factors influencing the generation of the zinc carbenoid are then investigated using a control reaction, and discussed. -
A Simple Synthesis of 2-Keto-3-Deoxy-D-Erythro-Hexonic
A simple synthesis of 2-keto-3-deoxy-D-erythro-hexonic acid isopropyl ester, a key sugar for the bacterial population living under metallic stress Claire Grison, Brice-Loïc Renard, Claude Grison To cite this version: Claire Grison, Brice-Loïc Renard, Claude Grison. A simple synthesis of 2-keto-3-deoxy-D-erythro- hexonic acid isopropyl ester, a key sugar for the bacterial population living under metallic stress. Bioorganic Chemistry, Elsevier, 2014, 52, pp.50-55. 10.1016/j.bioorg.2013.11.006. hal-03149058 HAL Id: hal-03149058 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03149058 Submitted on 15 Mar 2021 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. A simple synthesis of 2-keto-3-deoxy-D-erythro-hexonic acid isopropyl ester, a key sugar for the bacterial population living under metallic stress ⇑ Claire M. Grison a, , Brice-Loïc Renard b, Claude Grison b a ICMMO UMR 8182, Equipe Synthèse Organique & Méthodologie, Université Paris Sud, Bât. 420, 15 rue Georges Clémenceau, 91405 Orsay cedex, France b CEFE UMR 5175, Campus CNRS, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier cedex 5, France abstract 2-Keto-3-deoxy-D-erythro-hexonic acid (KDG) is the key intermediate metabolite of the Entner Doudoroff (ED) pathway. -
ISPD Produces CDP-Ribitol Used by FKTN and FKRP to Transfer Ribitol Phosphate Onto A-Dystroglycan
ARTICLE Received 7 Dec 2015 | Accepted 6 Apr 2016 | Published 19 May 2016 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11534 OPEN ISPD produces CDP-ribitol used by FKTN and FKRP to transfer ribitol phosphate onto a-dystroglycan Isabelle Gerin1, Benoıˆt Ury1,*, Isabelle Breloy2,*, Ce´line Bouchet-Seraphin3, Jennifer Bolse´e1, Mathias Halbout1, Julie Graff1, Didier Vertommen1, Giulio G. Muccioli4, Nathalie Seta3, Jean-Marie Cuisset5, Ivana Dabaj6, Susana Quijano-Roy6,7,8, Ammi Grahn1,w, Emile Van Schaftingen1 & Guido T. Bommer1 Mutations in genes required for the glycosylation of a-dystroglycan lead to muscle and brain diseases known as dystroglycanopathies. However, the precise structure and biogenesis of the assembled glycan are not completely understood. Here we report that three enzymes mutated in dystroglycanopathies can collaborate to attach ribitol phosphate onto a-dystroglycan. Specifically, we demonstrate that isoprenoid synthase domain-containing protein (ISPD) synthesizes CDP-ribitol, present in muscle, and that both recombinant fukutin (FKTN) and fukutin-related protein (FKRP) can transfer a ribitol phosphate group from CDP-ribitol to a-dystroglycan. We also show that ISPD and FKTN are essential for the incorporation of ribitol into a-dystroglycan in HEK293 cells. Glycosylation of a-dystroglycan in fibroblasts from patients with hypomorphic ISPD mutations is reduced. We observe that in some cases glycosylation can be partially restored by addition of ribitol to the culture medium, suggesting that dietary supplementation with ribitol should be evaluated as a therapy for patients with ISPD mutations. 1 WELBIO and de Duve Institute, Biological Chemistry, Universite´ Catholique de Louvain, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium. 2 Institute for Biochemistry II, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, D-50931 Cologne, Germany.