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Jose Vasco Carvalho Tese.Pdf UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA PORTUGUESA ESPAÇOS SONOROS: A EXPERIÊNCIA SÓNICA NO CONTEXTO DA ARTE PÚBLICA Tese apresentada à Universidade Católica Portuguesa para obtenção do grau de Doutor em Ciência e Tecnologia das Artes Arte Interativa por José Vasco Gaio Monteiro Barroco Carvalho ESCOLA DAS ARTES Outubro 2019 i ii UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA PORTUGUESA ESPAÇOS SONOROS: A EXPERIÊNCIA SÓNICA NO CONTEXTO DA ARTE PÚBLICA Tese apresentada à Universidade Católica Portuguesa para obtenção do grau de Doutor em Ciência e Tecnologia das Artes Arte Interativa Por José Vasco Gaio Monteiro Barroco Carvalho Sob orientação de Luís Gustavo Martins ESCOLA DAS ARTES Outubro 2019 iii iv Esta Investigação foi parcialmente financiada pela Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT) com a atribuição da Bolsa de doutoramento SFRH/BD/71416/2010. v vi “... na escrita a música está em primeiro lugar. Toda a arte tende para a música e a música tende para o silêncio. ...” António Lobo Antunes vii viii Para a Juaninha Feliz ix x Agradecimentos A escrita desta tese decorreu num tempo de grandes desafios pessoais e profissionais superados com o apoio e generosidade de quem de modo institucional ou emocional para ela contribuiu. A todos os que por ação ajudaram a este desfecho envio a minha gratidão. Começo por agradecer ao meu orientador o Professor Luís Gustavo Martins pelo apoio, confiança e contributo. Ao colega de doutoramento e incansável parceiro André Perrotta o meu agradecimento. A todos os colegas do programa de doutoramento em Ciência e Tecnologia das Artes em particular ao André Baltazar, Joana Gomes, José Gomes, João Cordeiro, Luís Sarmento, Mailis Rodrigues, Samuel Van Ransbeek e Vitor Joaquim o meu agradecimento por dividirem palco, pelas opiniões, contributos, ideias e apoio. Gostaria de deixar um agradecimento especial ao Jorge Cardoso pelo apoio tecnológico no projeto Caixa de Música, e também ao Bernardo Libório, Nuno Castro, João Polido, Mariana Costa, Paulo Lacerda, Rodrigo Areias, Pedro Ribeiro, Pedro Pestana pelo contributo e participação no projeto Lugar Sónico. A todos os que generosamente contribuíram com respostas para os questionários científicos propostos o meu obrigado. Ao CITAR e à Escola das Artes da Universidade Católica Portuguesa na pessoa da Professora Cristina Sá, do Professor Pedro Duarte Pestana, da Professora Laura Castro e do Professor Nuno Crespo gostaria de agradecer a confiança e apoio no desenvolvimento e implementação desta tese. xi Ao meu núcleo familiar próximo um agradecimento especial a quem pacientemente me acompanha e motiva em todos os momentos, ao meu avô José Barroco, à minha avó Matilde Barroco, à minha irmã Manuela Carvalho, à minha tia Eduarda Barroco, à minha tia Isabel Barroco aos meus pais Maria Manuela Carvalho e Vasco Carvalho o meu obrigado. Finalizo com o agradecimento aos meus filhos Matilde, Rodrigo e Beatriz pelo afeto, carinho e inspiração, e à minha companheira de vida a Joana Gaio o meu agradecimento pela paciência, compreensão, apoio e por nunca duvidar da conclusão desta tese. xii xiii xiv Abstract The increasing complexity and size of contemporary cities incited the necessity to rethink the experience and aesthetic of living in a public space. In this context, public art first appeared as an integrating element, capable of deepening the collective memories of communities, to later evolve towards a thematic centered around the globalized individual. In that sense, globalized cities promote a fertile ground for understanding the fundamental questions regarding the conceptual, functional and aesthetic relationship between individuals and the public space they inhabit. The work presented in this doctoral research relates the social and artistic experience of western contemporary cities with their aural culture. This work presents the progression of the use of sound in art and seeks to demonstrate the relevance of sound as a sociological phenomenon, important in the connection between the individual and the inhabiting space. The research begins with the identification of the distinct strategies and methods for implementing sonic interfaces in public art and of the direct use of quotidian sounds as a support and basis for the construction of different artistic expressions such as audio-visual sound design, artistic sound spaces, compositions by soundscapes and sound sculptures. This study surfaced evidences regarding the potential and effectiveness of the use of multimedia technology in the context of sonic ecology projects for moderating the interaction between the occupant, the environment and identity of the public space. xv In order to further explore and verify this idea, a set of artistic experiences situated in the context and thematic of “place” were developed using distinct technological implementation strategies. A qualitative analysis of the work, through interviews and surveys taken on by curators and coauthors, concluded that the use of technology was indeed efficient in the resolution of conceptual and technical requirements of the artistic development, and that modern mobile technology such as sonic augmented reality is successful in transforming the experience of the public space using everyday sounds. Keywords: Public Sound Art; Augmented Sound Reality; Augmented Sound Sculpture; Acoustic Territories; Soundscapes. xvi Resumo Com o expandir das cidades e consequente crescimento físico das mesmas, surgiu a necessidade de repensar as vivências e o estético no espaço público. A arte pública apresentou-se primeiro como um elemento integrador e de aprofundamento da memória coletiva das comunidades, evoluindo hoje para uma relação centrada no indivíduo global. As cidades globais discutem o posicionamento da arte e procuram compreender o indivíduo debatendo as problemáticas conceptuais, funcionais e estéticas da sua relação com o espaço. Esta tese pretende relacionar a experiência social e artística das cidades contemporâneas ocidentais com a sua cultura auditiva. O trabalho de doutoramento Espaços Sonoros apresenta a evolução do uso do som na arte e procura demonstrar a pertinência do som como fenómeno sociológico, preponderante na ligação do indivíduo com o espaço. Apresentaremos nesta pesquisa a aplicabilidade do uso do som como meio potenciador da relação entre o fruidor, o espaço público e a arte. Este projeto enumera as potencialidades da implementação de interfaces sonoros na arte pública e do uso do som quotidiano como suporte e base na construção de diferentes expressões artísticas sonoras como o desenho de som em audiovisual, os espaços artísticos sonoros, as composições por paisagem sonora e as esculturas sonoras. A proposta de integração de tecnologia multimédia na construção da paisagem sonora é apresentada nesta tese como elemento xvii potenciador da relação do interveniente de um espaço, com a memória ambiental e identitária desse lugar. Foi desenvolvido neste estudo um conjunto de experiências de base artística tecnológica propondo um método de construção baseada no lugar. A utilização de sistemas móveis e técnicas de realidade sonora aumentada demonstraram aptidão na transformação da experiência do espaço público através do uso do som quotidiano do lugar. Procedeu-se à análise dos resultados das experiências artísticas tecnológicas pelo levantamento de opiniões de curadores e de coautores das composições pelo som quotidiano, tendo o método proposto e o uso de tecnologia demostrado eficácia na resolução das necessidades conceptuais, operacionais e artísticas na construção de obras de arte pública sonora. Palavras-chave: Arte Pública Sonora; Realidade Sonora Aumentada; Escultura Sonora Aumentada; Territórios Acústicos; Paisagem Sonora. xviii xix xx Índice Abstract ................................................................................................... xv Resumo ................................................................................................. xvii Lista de Figuras .................................................................................... xxv Lista de Tabelas .................................................................................. xxix 1 Introdução .............................................................................................. 1 1.1 Contexto e Motivações ..................................................................... 1 1.2 Área de Estudo ................................................................................. 2 1.2.1 Arte Pública ................................................................................ 3 1.2.2 Ecologia Sonora ......................................................................... 5 1.2.3 Arte Sonora ................................................................................ 7 1.3 Objetivo da Tese ............................................................................... 8 1.4 Metodologias .................................................................................... 9 1.4.1 Estrutura Metodológica da Investigação .................................. 11 1.4.1.1 Recolha e Sistematização de Dados ............................... 13 1.4.1.2 Prática Artística de Investigação ...................................... 14 1.5 Estrutura da Tese ........................................................................... 14 2 Arte Pública ......................................................................................... 19 2.1 Espaço ............................................................................................ 20 2.2 História Urbana ..............................................................................
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