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Milestones in the History of Muslims Book (PDF) MILESTONES in the history of MUSLIMS in Trinidad and Tobago since 1845 by Zainol A. Khan Fii sabii lillaah (In the way of Allaah) 1 First printed – 2013 2,000 Copies ISBN 978-976-8242-58-7 Copyright by the author. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieved system or transformed by any form or any means, electronic, mechanical, optical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission, in writing, of the author. 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS ABOUT THE AUTHOR……………………….. 7 INTRODUCTION By Professor Brinsley Samaroo………………… 9 PREFACE............................................................. 12 GLOSSARY.......................................................... 15 ABBREVIATIONS.............................................. 18 CHAPTER ONE: A BRIEF HISTORY OF MUSLIMS IN T&T.............................................. 19 (a) Overview of Trinidad and Tobago............... 19 (b) Positioning the Muslim community............. 20 CHAPTER TWO: UNDERSTANDING ISLAM 25 CHAPTER THREE: IN THE FOOTSTEPS OF PROPHET MUHAMMAD (p.b.o.h.)................... 29 (a) Yacoob Ali (1875-1925) - The First Local Haafiz ........................................... 29 (b) Gafur Ali (1903-1994).............................. 34 (c) Moulvi Fateh Dad Khan (1911-1973) - The First Muslim Chaplain....................... 37 CHAPTER FOUR: CHAMPIONS OF ISLAM… 43 (a) Syed Abdul Aziz (1862-1927) - The First Qadi (Judge )........................... 43 (b) Ruknuddeen (1870-1963) - The Second Qadi and First Sheikh-ul-Islam................. 45 (c) Abdul Gany (1867-1951) – Visionary in Education -................................................ 52 3 (d) Sheikh Abdul Ghani Shakir Mohammed - First Local Graduate of Al Azhar University.................................................. 56 CHAPTER FIVE: MISSIONARIES ................... 59 (a) Maulana Shah Muhammad Hassan, Hanafi, Al Qadri........................................ 59 (b) Fazul Karim Khan Durrani....................... 60 (c) Maulana Shamshuddeen Nizamuddin, Al Hoseini, Al Qaderi.................................... 62 (d) Moulvi Nazir Ahmad Simab..................... 63 (e) Maulana Muhammad Abdul Aleem Siddiqui Al Qadri (1892-1954)................. 66 (f) Dr. Muhammad Fazl-Ur-Rahman Ansari (1914-1974).............................................. 70 (g) Mallam Salahuddeen Tayo...................... 74 (h) Maulana Shah Ahmad Noorani Siddiqui (1928- 2003)…………………………….. 75 (i ) Professor Syed Ali Ashraf......................... 76 CHAPTER SIX: THE ‘FIRSTS’- MASAAJID AND ISLAND-WIDE RELIGIOUS ORGANISATION................................................ 80 (a) The First Masjid........................................ 81 (b) The First Island-Wide Muslim Organisation - The Tackveeyatul Islamic Association Of Trinidad Inc...................... 85 CHAPTER SEVEN: MUSLIMS IN PUBLIC LIFE…………………………………………….. 92 (a) H. E. Noor Mohammed Hassanali, TC (1918 – 2006) - President of the Republic Of Trinidad And Tobago........... 92 (b) Dr. Wahid Ali, TC, O RT T. (1928-2008) -Acting President of the Republic Of Trinidad and Tobago................................. 98 4 (c) Kamaluddeen Mohammed ORTT, OCC (1927- ) - Acting Prime Minister.......... 103 (d) Justice George Anthony Aslam Edoo (1926 – 2013) Ombudsman...................... 113 (e) Noor Mohammed Ghany (1910-1990) - Recipient of Chaconia Medal (Gold) – The Nation’s second highest honour......... 117 CHAPTER EIGHT: CAN NOW CALL TRINIDAD HOME............................................... 121 (a) The Muslim Marriage And Divorce Registration Ordinance............................ 121 (b) The Ecclesiastical Grant........................... 131 (c) The First Muslim (And Non-Christian) Government- Assisted School - El Socorro T.I.A. Primary School................ 133 (d) Eid-ul-Fitr – A Public Holiday.................. 142 (f) Conclusion................................................ 146 CHAPTER NINE: THE FIRST ORGANIZED HAJJ GROUP FROM TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO……………………………………….. 147 CHAPTER TEN: A COMMUNITY IN RETROGRESSION.............................................. 153 (a) Local Muslims: Now a Divided Community………………………………….. 153 (b) The Muslim Marriage and Divorce Act:... 156 (c) State-aided Denominational Schools: Now a Myth?................................................... 162 APPENDIX..................................................... 167 SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY...................... 168 INDEX............................................................ 169 5 6 ABOUT THE AUTHOR The author was born in San Fernando, Trinidad in 1929 and is a retired Public Servant. He received his early education at Coffee St. E. C. Primary School, and Naparima and St. Mary’s Colleges. The author is the recipient of several scholarships. He obtained the Diploma in Management Studies from the University of the West Indies, St. Augustine in 1968. In that year he also successfully completed a three-month intensive course in “Market Research, Marketing Management and Marketing Principles” conducted by the International Marketing Institute, Cambridge, Boston, U.S.A., and held on the campus of the Harvard University Graduate School of Business Administration. In 1972, on a UN Fellowship, he completed a “Comprehensive course in Export Promotion and International Marketing” conducted in Geneva by the International Trade Centre, UNCTAD/GATT”. The author has been involved in Islamic activities at the national level for over six decades. He has had many of his articles on Islam published in the local press and has written five books on various aspects of Islam. In addition, he has edited many Islamic magazines and periodical leaflets. He has also been involved in multi-faith activities for over three decades and served in various positions in the Inter Religious 7 Organisation (IRO) of Trinidad and Tobago Inc., including President for three consecutive years. He has served on over half dozen Cabinet-appointed Committees. He was listed in “Who’s Who – Trinidad and Tobago -1991” and was awarded a “Certificate of Merit for Distinguished Services to Religion and Public Service” by the International Biographical Centre, Cambridge, England in 1991. He is widely travelled and performed both the Hajj (pilgrimage to Makkah) and the ‘Umrah (Lesser Pilgrimage) on two occasions. He is married to Laila Momina (nee Ghany), who has also been involved in Islamic activities for many decades. The couple has five children and ten grandchildren. 8 INTRODUCTION By Professor Brinsley Samaroo The University of Trinidad & Tobago During the long reign of indentureship in Trinidad, from 1845 to 1920, about 14% of the 147,000 Indians who came were Muslim. In the process of distribution on the estates no efforts were made to separate Muslims from the larger Hindu cohort of labourers so that the followers of Islam were scattered among the general population. After indentureship they fanned out into the population depending on the availability of employment. Despite their small number and their scattered distribution they quickly located other Muslims in their area and formed jamaats (congregations) which banded together to build their own mosques, offering comfort and instruction as they sought to adjust to the New World to which they had been transported. After they had laid the foundations of this new self-hood they then joined with other East Indian groups namely Hindus and Christian Indians to form associations such as the East Indian National Congress and the East Indian National Association to join in common agitation for improved conditions on the estates, representation on state authorities, recognition of non-Christian marriages and state acceptance and assistance to non-Christian educational institutions. From the early twentieth century they invited scholars and missionaries from South Asia to refresh the culture and to maintain the link with the ancestral home. This has continued up to the present time. Over the past three decades there has been the introduction of Middle Eastern Islam which has added a new, non-Oriental version of Islam and this has been the cause of considerable controversy as we shall see in the text which follows. Nevertheless, Islam has remained as a potent force in the society far more influential that their small over-all proportion might suggest. Zainol Khan, born in 1929, has been a keen observer as the Muslim community has developed over the decades. As a youth he did not have the option of attending a Muslim 9 primary or secondary school since such recognition did not come before 1949. However, his parents and the elders of the Muslim community ensured that he and many other youths were kept within the Islamic ummah (community) through maktabs and madrassahs held in the galleries of mosques or under Muslim houses where the Imams gathered the faithful and imparted learning. Blessed with a very retentive memory Zainol clearly remembers the evolution of the community from those early days. In this autobiography we are given major vignettes of his exciting life and experiences. In this account of his two observances of the Hajj we get a closer explanation of the reasons for that pilgrimage and how it feels to be one of a million devotees in that sacred place. He expresses his admiration of those who breathed their last at Makkah or Medina, receiving the ultimate blessings for having been there. Back in Trinidad, Zainol is a regular host to visiting Islamic missionaries; he represented his community on a host of boards and conferences and his long experience and expertise
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