POLITICAL SERVICES OF (A CRITICAL STUDY)

RESEARCHER

Muhammad Saeed Roll No. 6 Session: 2014-2016 M. Phil Pak. Studies (Distance)

SUPERVISOR

Prof. Dr. Muhammad Khurshid

Department Of Pak. Studies

The Islamia University Bahawalpur

Table of Contents Sr. No. Page No. Dedication ii Statement &Declaration iii Certificate iv Acknowledgment vi

Abbreviations x Abstract xii Introduction 1 Chapter 1 9 Introduction

1.1 Political background of Jamaat-i-Islami 1.2 Internal structure of Jamaat-i-Islami 1.3 Politics of Jamaat-i-Islami 1.4 Student Politics of Jamaat-i-Islami 1.5 Introduction of Noshehra 1.6 Family Background and early Political Activities 1.7 Married Life and Progeny 1.8 Literary Services of Qazi Hussain Ahmad Chapter 2 39 Qazi Hussain Ahmad as Social Worker 2.1 Relations with Afghan Mujahedeen 2.2 -e-Kashmir 2.3 Role in Jihad-e-Bosnia 2.4 Formation of Pasban and Shabab-e-Milli 2.5Tours of Muslim Countries

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Chapter 3 61 Qazi Hussain Ahmad and Jamaat-i-Islami

3.1 Affiliations with Jamaat-i-Islami 3.2 Selection as an Ameer of JI 3.3 Muttahida Shariat Mahaz 3.4 Politics of Alliances 3.4.1 Movement for the Restoration of Democracy 3.4.2 Islami Jamhoori Ittehad 3.5 Politics of Resignation 3.5.1 Women Protection Bill 3.5.2 Restoration of Judiciary 3.6 Politics of Agitation Chapter 4 83 Relations with other Political Parties

4.1 Islamic Front 4.2 Milli Yakjehti Council 4.3 JI and PPP 4.4 JI and Muslim League 4.5 JI and Religious Parties 4.6 JI and MQM Chapter 5 100 Political Achievements

5.1 Making of the MMA 5.2 Objectives and Manifesto of MMA 5.3 The Election of 2002 5.4 Achievements of MMA 5.5 The election of 2008 5.6 Death

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5.7 Views of National and International Leaders Conclusion 124

Bibliography 129

Appendix 136

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Abstract

Qazi Hussain Ahmad, former Ameer of Jamaat-i-Islami Pakistan and previously Muttahida Majlis-e-Amal (MMA) an alliance of six religious parties, was also the Ameer of Jamaat-i-Islami. His affiliation with the Islamic Movement started in his school days when he joined Islami Jamiat Tulaba of Pakistan. Earlier he was already deeply inspired by Maulana Syed Abul Ala Maududi whom he met in 1951 for the first time. He became member of Jamaat-i-Islami in 1970 and was elected to the office of president of its chamber. He served Jamaat-i-Islami as secretary and then Ameer of NWFP province. He was raised to the office of secretary general in 1978 and was elected as Ameer of Jamaat-i-Islami Pakistan in 1987. He still continues to serve in that capacity, getting re-elected four more times. Qazi Hussain Ahmad was first elected as member of the in 1986 for a term of six years. He was re-elected as such in March 1992 but he resigned in 1996 in protest against the corrupt political system. He has widely travelled abroad to represent his party at the international forums, leading goodwill missions as well as in his personal capacity to mediate on issues concerning the Muslim Ummah. Even before the Soviet Union invaded , Qazi Hussain Ahmad was in close contact with Afghan mujahedeen and had personal terms with top Afghan leaders. He played pivotal role in introducing Afghan Jihad to foreign world and gaining countrywide favour for the movement.

Also patron of organisations like Pasban and Shabab-e-Milli, youth wings of the Jamaat- i-Islami, he is well versed in English, , Persian, and . He is an eloquent orator, seasoned parliamentarian and respected politician. He was secretary general of the Muttahida Shariat Mahaz in 1986. Although he finds practically no time for any literary or scholarly works, he is the author of several books. The six-party MMA was formed before 2002 general elections and Qazi Hussain Ahmad was elected its president. In the 2002 elections, the MMA gained enough support to form a government in NWFP. However, cracks appeared in the alliance when the opposition parties in the National Assembly decided to resign from assemblies because Jamaat-i-Islami wanted to tender resignations from the NWFP Assembly as well towards the end of its tenure but the

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Jamiat Ulema-e- led by MMA Secretary General Maulana Fazalur Rehman opposed the decision. While in public having made repeated statements against General Pervaiz Musharraf after he seized power on October 12, 1999, the MMA under the leadership of Qazi Hussain Ahmad played a pivotal role in getting the 17th constitutional amendment passed by the Parliament which legitimised Musharraf’s rule and paved the way for army to stay in power. He has undergone several rounds of captivity with the recent being during crackdown on religious elements in the aftermath of 9/11 because whereas categorically condemned the 9-11 attacks, he was opposed to invasion of Afghanistan. He voiced his concerns publicly and therefore was detained by the Musharraf regime.

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Introduction

Qazi Hussain Ahmad (1938-2013) was a prominent religious scholar, Islamic theologian, Islamic democracy advocate and former Ameer of Jamaat-i-Islami Pakistan, the rightist and right-wing populist political party in Pakistan. He was a strong critic of the counter terrorism policy of the United States and was widely known for his opposition against United States' participation in civil war in the neighbouring Afghanistan.

Qazi Hussain Ahmad was born in 1938 in the house of Maulana Qazi Muhammad Abdul Rab at Ziarat Kaka Sahib, Noshehra District, , Pakistan. Qazi Sahib is descendant of great Seljoki Sheikh Hazrat Sheikh Akhund Adyan seljuki Baba/Akhuna din Baba who was a teacher of Hazrat kaka sahib and contemporary of Khushal Khan Khattak, the shrine of Sheikh Akhund Adyan is at Akhora Khattak, the descendants of Sheikh Akhund Adyan seljoki are titled as Qazi or Qazyan and mostly are living at Ziarat Kaka Sahib. A teacher by profession, Maulana knew religious knowledge and political influence to the extent that he was appointed as the President of Jamiat-i-Ulema-e-Hind for Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Qazi Hussain Ahmad was the youngest among his ten siblings.

Qazi Hussain Ahmad completed his early education at home, after that he was admitted to Islamia College Peshawar and got his Master of Science (M.Sc.) degree in Geography from Peshawar University. He served as lecturer at Saidu college Swat for three years, teaching at the graduate level. He left university after three years. After that he started his own business. He marked his presence in this field and was elected as Vice President, Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa (Provincial) Chamber of Commerce and Industry.

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Qazi Hussain Ahmad Ahmad had two sons (Asif Luqman Qazi and Anas Farhan Qazi) and two daughters (Dr. Sameeha Raheel Qazi and khowla Ahmad Qazi). His wife and children all are Jamaat-i- Islami activists. He had full command of Urdu, English, Arabic, and Persian, in addition to his native tongue, Pashto. He was a great admirer of the poet Allama and quotes from both his Urdu and Persian poetry in his speeches and conversations.

His affiliation with the Islamic Movement started in his school days when he joined Islami Jamiat Tulaba, Pakistan. He became member of Jamaat-i- Islami in 1970 and was elected to the office of President of its Peshawar branch. He served Jamaat-i-Islami as Secretary and then Ameer of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province. He was raised to the office of Secretary General, Jamaat-i-Islami Pakistan in 1978 and after elected as an Ameer of Jamaat- i-Islami Pakistan in 1987, continued to serve in that capacity, getting re- elected four more times (1992, 1994, 1999, 2004). In 2008, he declined to be elected once more and the members of his Party (Jamaat-i-Islami Pakistan) elected Syed Munawwar Hassan as the new President of the Party. Qazi Hussain Ahmad was first elected as a member of the Senate of Pakistan in 1986 for a term of six years. Within Pakistan, he was a patron of organizations such as Pasban and founder of Shabab-e- Milli. He was elected as Secretary General of the Muttahida Mahaz (1986).

Qazi Hussain Ahmad was first elected as a member of the Senate of Pakistan in 1986 for a term of six years. He was re-elected as such in March 1992, but he resigned as a Senator in 1996 as a protest against the corrupt political system. He was elected as a Member of National Assembly in 2002 general elections from his native town legislative. He served as the Parliamentary Leader of the Opposition Party (Muttahida Majlis-e-Amal). Qazi Hussain Ahmad has widely traveled abroad to represent Jamaat at the international forums, leading goodwill missions as well as in his personal capacity to mediate in issues concerning Muslim

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Ummah. His services during Iran-Iraq and the Persian Gulf War, the Bulkan (Bosnia) crisis and the post-Soviet power struggle in Afghanistan, have been widely commended and appreciated. Even before the Soviet Union invaded Afghanistan, Qazi Hussain Ahmad was in close contact with Afghan mujahedeen and had personal terms with top Afghan leaders. He played pivotal role in introducing Afghan Jihad to foreign world and gaining countrywide favour for the movement.

Qazi Hussain Ahmad was also the Central President of seized Muttahida Majlis-e-Amal. In 1997 Qazi Hussain Ahmad launched a nationwide campaign to expand the party membership. His open membership campaign brought 4.5 million new members to the Jamaat. In a 1999 interview with the Balochi magazine Jamhoor-ia-Islamia, Qazi Hussain Ahmad proposed that Pakistan destabilize , exploiting existing ethnic and political tensions within that nation, with the ultimate ambition of establishing a pan-South Asian Islamic empire encompassing Tajikistan to Burma and Sri Lanka to Kashmir.

Statement of the Problem

Qazi Hussain Ahmad was worker of Jamaat-i-Islami and reached to the status of Ameer. The struggle and devotion of a worker with a party promoted its rank among its leaders and followers. Jamaat-i-Islami is a true Islamic democratic party which follows the disciplines of the Holy Quran and the Sunnah in its party organization only person which possesses the qualities of leadership according to manifesto of Jamaat is elected as Ameer. I have to study the journey of Qazi Hussain Ahmad from worker to leadership and role of the leader in Jamaat-i-Islami.

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Objectives of Research

Objectives of research are to find out following information’s about his personal and political life:

1. Family background 2. Education 3. Married life 4. Entry in Jamaat-i-Islami 5. Services for Jamaat 6. Social services out of Jamaat 7. Selection as an Ameer 8. Role as an alliance leader in 9. Role in the development of Jamaat-i-Islami

Information discussed above and other related question needs proper research about personal and political life of Qazi Hussain Ahmad.

Significance of Research

This research would be beneficial for the students of politics of Pakistan to analyze the role of Jamaat-i-Islami and its leaders especially Qazi Hussain Ahmad. It would be helpful to understand the party organization and its Islamic democratic values. Political biography of Qazi Hussain Ahmad is also a role model for the political workers.

Research Organization

Research would consist of five chapters and conclusion. Chapter one would be about detailed political background of Jamaat-i-Islami and introduction of Qazi Hussain Ahmad. In this chapter family background early life, education, political activities during student life and the

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attachment with Jamaat would be discussed. In the same chapter his married life, his progeny and his literary services would be highlighted.

Chapter second would be about his role as Mujahid-i-Islam and social worker. In this chapter his activities as a Mujahid and supporter of Islamic world would be the main theme. In the same chapter his social organizations like Pasban and Shabab-i-Milli and role of Qazi Hussain Ahmad on these platforms would also be focused. Moreover, his tours to the other Muslim countries would also be highlighted.

Chapter three is about the role of Qazi Hussain Ahmad as an Ameer of Jamaat-i-Islami would be the central idea. His struggles for the imposition of Islamic Sharia and for the unity of all Islamic sects on one platform Muttahida Shariat Mahaz. In the same chapter, his efforts to make alliances in politics like IJI, politics of resignation and political agitation organized by Qazi Hussain Ahmad would also be discussed.

Chapter four is about the role of Pakistan Islamic Front and Milli Yakjehti Council. In this chapter the role of Jamaat-i-Islami and relations with other political parties like PML, PPP and MQM under the leadership of Qazi Hussain Ahmad would also be discussed.

Chapter five consists political achievements of Qazi Hussain Ahmad. Under the same headings his political role in formation of Muttahida Majlis-i-Amal and election 2002 would be highlighted. At the end of this chapter the demise of Qazi Hussain Ahmad and views of national and international leaders would also be discussed. At the end of the research its conclusion would also be given.

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Research Methodology

It is a Qualitative and Quantitative research. This research consists of elaboration of primary and secondary sources, Primary sources are the speeches and the documents that are available in different libraries. Books are used as secondary source. These sources are used for qualitative research. In this respect different libraries like Main Library of Islamia University of Bahawalpur, central library Bahawalpur and library of Mansoora Lahore are also consulted. For research, Newspaper and Journals would also be taken as Primary source of information. Old newspaper before Pakistan would be explored in central library Bahawalpur. As a research on Qazi Hussain Ahmad, his family would also be interviewed as a part of quantitative research.

Interviews will be conducted face to face, and can be extended to include telephone and today's context video interviews. The types of interviews such as structured or standardized interviews and composing appropriate questions format' will be used. The interviews will be conducted with leaders and workers, of Jamaat-i-Islami. Questionnaire is a powerful method when information about people's attitudes and opinion is sought. The format of open- ended questions will be used to collect the opinions of the people of the area. The study shall rely on the quantitative facts in the data collected because it would help to test hypothesis. Finally, the study will be mainly focused on the services of Qazi Hussain Ahmad.

Literature Review

Review of the literature provides the quotas, analysis, concepts related to the family background, personality, and services of Qazi Hussain Ahmad. I review the literature highlighting that teachings and preaching of Qazi Hussain Ahmad. For this purpose literary material like Aziz-e-Jahan

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compiled by Jamaal Abdullah Usman, Safer-e-Inqilab and Qazi or Ghazi by Dr. Sameeha Raheel Qazi, special edition of Khawateen Magazine Mujahid-e-Millat Qazi Hussain Ahmad and a lot number of political books would be the source of information about the political activities of Qazi Hussain Ahmad. Review of some of the books are given below:

“Qazi Hussain Ahmad Ameer Jamaat-i-Islami” is written by Dr. Ameer Fayyaz and published by Ahbab Publishers Lahore. It is hard bonded having pictures of Qazi Hussain Ahmad at its title page. It consists of ten chapters and 359 pages. It is observations and an analysis of politics of Qazi Hussain Ahmad from 1988 to 1993. In the first chapter introduction of Qazi Hussain Ahmad and his meeting with Prime Minister and further his political planning is discussed in it. Second chapter is about his social services and social organization Pasban. Remaining all chapters are about his political activities including his alliance formations and his relations with other parties is given.

“Qazi Hussain Ahmad Ki Deeni or Siasi Khidmaat” is compiled by Kamran Rajpoot. It is published in August 2005 by Shirkat-ul-Imtiaz Publishers Lahore. It is hard bonded and its title page consists of picture of Qazi Hussain Ahmad. It consists of eight chapters and 368 pages. It is political biography in nature that started from family background to the politics and policies of Qazi Hussain Ahmad on different national and international issues. First chapter is about his introduction and his four periods of Amarat are introduced briefly. Second chapter is about his political activities of Jamaat-i-Islami during his Amarat. It is longest chapter that started from page 36 to 145. It started his activities from his first selection as an Ameer of JI to the election of 2002 and formation of government in KPK. Next chapters are about his Jihadist activities and policies about Kashmir, Afghanistan and Arab countries. In the end his ideas about the future of Pakistan and Islamic Ummah are given, and his relations with international figures are given.

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“Aziz-e-Jahan Qazi Hussain Ahmad” compiled by Jamaal Abdullah Usman. It was published in 2014 by Edara Fikr-o-Amal . Its first edition published in 2014 and edition under research is second. It is hard bonded, having flap over cover with the picture of Qazi Hussain Ahmad. It is in fact a comment book about the personality of Qazi Hussain Ahmad by others. It started from his family members and moves to national and international personalities including heads of governments and Islamic movements of different countries including Pakistan. It also includes the opinions of almost all political and religious leaders of Pakistan and prominent figures of different fields of life like media etc.

“Qazi or Ghazi” is compiled by Dr. Sameeha Raheel Qazi in 2007 by Maktaba Khawateen Mansoora Lahore. It is a hard bonded, having green colour title with different pictures of Qazi Hussain Ahmad. It is not compiled in chapter format and consists of 168 pages. This book is a collection of articles written about the political policies and personality of Qazi Hussain Ahmad by different writers, analysts. First essay is written by Sameeha Raheel Qazi about the book. In this book, articles of Haroon- ur-Rasheed, Hassan Nisar, Mujeeb-ur-Rehman Shami, Atta-ul-Haq Qasmi, Khushnood Ali Khan and Hussain Haqqani are more prominent about the policies of JI and personality of Qazi Hussain Ahmad.

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Conclusion

Jamaat-i-Islami is an important religio-political party of Pakistan which had played a vital role in the national discourse. In 1941, it was established as an ideological movement with a prime objective to form a holy community through preaching and reviving Islam all over the world especially in the Indian sub- continent. The ideology of JI is mainly based upon the thinking and philosophy of Maulana Abu Ala Moududi who sought the solution of the problems faced by the Muslims of India in revivalism of Islam.

Qazi Hussain Ahmad was third elected Ameer, Jamaat-i-Islami of Pakistan, after its founder-Ameer Syed Abul Ala Maududi and his successor Mian Tufail Muhammad. He was born in 1938 in Village Ziarat Kaka Khail Sahib District Noshehra NWFP, his father Moulana Qazi Abdul Rab, was a distinguished Theologian and partly because of his Scholarship, and partly because of his political insight he was elected President of Jamiat Ulema-e-Hind NWFP. He was the youngest amongst his ten siblings. His two elder brothers namely Dr. Atique- ul- Rehman and late Qazi Atta-ur-Rehman had been workers of Islami Jamiat-e- Tulaba (A sister orgainzation of Jamaat-i-Islami Pakistan). Qazi Hussain Ahmad followed the suit and started participating in the activities of Jamiat. He studied Jamiat Literature and imbibed the spirit, and then dedicated the rest of his life for the cause of Islam.

Qazi Hussain Ahmad received his early education from his educated father at home, then he got admission in Islamia College Peshawar and there he passed his graduation degree. He earned his M.Sc in Geography from , where after, he taught as Lecturer in Jahanzeb College Saidu Sharif for three years. Due to political activities, and his natural bend for the same he had to discontinue his service, so he resigned from the post. Thereafter, he started his own business at Peshawar, there too; he made his name known and was elected as Vice President of the Chamber of Commerce and Industry NWFP. 124

His introduction with Islami Jamiat Tulaba during his student life, whipped up his zeal to work in the vanguard of Islamic movement. Therefore, he acquired the membership of Jamaat-i-Islami and went on to head the Organization in Peshawar City, then District Peshawar and thereafter the President ship of the NWFP. In 1978 he was appointed as Secretary General of Jamaat-i-Islami Pakistan, in 1987 he became Ameer-e-Jamaat (president of the Party), and since then has served as such, for four terms (1992, 1994, 1999, 2004) in a row. Qazi Hussain Ahmad was elected to the Senate of Pakistan in 1986, and again elected Senator in 1992, but this time in protest to the Government Policies, he resigned as senator. It is worth mentioning that he won the election as a member of National Assembly from two constituencies in the general elections held in the year 2002.The first priority Qazi Hussain Ahmad has always taken pride as a follower of Prophet Muhammad (Peace be upon him) and therefore unity of the followers of the Prophet of Islam has always been his chief concern and to get this objective, he has striven hard to create unity amongst various factions of Islamic Parities and that especially of the components of MMA Alliance (Muttahida Majlis-i-Amal) was materialization of his dream. Due to his selflessness, he was unanimously elected President of the Alliance after the sad demise, of Maulana . Earlier, when the fire of hatred of dissent and division between Shias and Sunnies, was flame, he formed National solidarity council (MilliYakjehti Council) which effectively extinguished the sectarian fire. Thereafter he was instrumental in the formation of Islami Jamhoori Ittehad (IJI) an alliance of right wing of political Parties.

During IJI government Qazi Hussain Ahmad was not pleased with Prime Minister due to his alleged disinterest in the process of Nawaz Sharif's Cooperation with MQM and ANP and over dominating role of his party in IGI government also annoyed the JI.JI left the alliance in May 1992 blaming Mian Nawaz Sharif for back tracking from his Electoral promises after its bitter experience in IJI, the JI and Qazi Hussain Ahmad was fed up with the politics of alliances. The leadership of JI Qazi Hussain Ahmad decided to make the Jamaat more functional and popular among the masses instead of relying upon other 125

parties for its Electoral success. The JI decided to contest the 1993 Elections in its individual capacity. The Qazi Hussain Ahmad formed a parallel political organization in the name of Pakistan Islamic Front whose membership was open for all Pakistani citizens without any terms and conditions. The formation of PIF was the major reason of the division of vote bank of JI between PIF and PML-N under the leadership of Qazi Hussain Ahmad. JI practically became inactive in the politics due to its boycott of the 1997 Election and having no representative in the assemblies. Qazi Hussain Ahmad continued its campaign in favour of accountability and against the corruption at governmental level.

When lingual bias in was enflamed Qazi Hussain Ahmad led a procession of brotherhood love and peace (Karwan-e- Dawat-o- Muhabbat), all the way from Peshawar to Karachi and back which enkindled the candle of love throughout country in general, and peace was restored in Karachi, in particular. It may be recalled that he dauntlessly, led Tahrik-e-Nazam-i-Mustafa (Enforcement of Sharia) in the province of NWFP as its provincial chief and bore the brunt of imprisonment. His efforts to bring about unity among Ummah were not confined to the territories of Pakistan alone; rather, they were worldwide in scope and nature. When Mujahedeen battling the then USSR, fell apart, Qazi Hussain Ahmad collected notables and prominent leaders from around the , to iron out the differences among various Afghan Mujahedeen Groups, unfortunately, the enemy neutralized all such efforts. Again seeds of dissent were sown among Muslim Freedom Fighters in Kashmir; he again brought them together and dispelled the misgivings in time. When Doctor Hasan Turabi Founder of Islamic Movement in Sudan, and General Umar Hasan Al Bashir the Head of the State, stood estranged, both the parties referred the matter to the Qazi Hussain Ahmad for arbitration which resulted in peace between the parties.

But the International and regional conspiracies frustrated peace efforts, not withstanding, he let not the differences turn into a clash. In Iraq, Kuwait or issue of Palestine, Qazi Hussain Ahmad was not less concerned. Plight of the Muslims

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in Bosnia ,Kosovo and Chechnia, agonized him beyond description, last but not least repression of the Muslims in Burma and Eriteria equally pained him, therefore he tried his best to find out a just solution to the aforementioned problems under the aegis of united forum Of Muslim Ummah. Qazi Hussain Ahmad and Extension of Propagation Right after assuming the leadership of Jamaat-i-Islami Pakistan, Qazi Hussain Ahmad paid special attention to the propagation of the manifesto of the Party by taking out countrywide processions, extending invitation to study the program of the party to the notables from every walk of life and in this connection, he formed various National Committees, a hectic membership campaign was launched throughout country, as a result there of, over 4.5 million of people, espoused the cause of Jamaat-i-Islami. Qazi Hussain Ahmad was arrested on many occasions for his commitment to the cause of his party.

He was first arrested during Tahrik-e-Nizam-i-Mustafa in 1977 again he was imprisoned when he took out a protest procession against American aggression in Afghanistan. Once more he protested over publication of blasphemous cartoons of the Prophet (PBUH) in Danish Paper, thus he was jailed during his detention.

He penned down number of articles which were later published in a book form, which are eight in number. Qazi Hussain Ahmad is married with two sons and two daughters. His wife and children all are Jamaat-e- Islami activists. He is lodging up in a two bed room flat which speaks volumes of the facts that how simple a life he leads likes any party worker. He has full command over Urdu, English, Arabic and Persian a part from his native tongue Pushto. He is great admirer of the poet of Islam. Allama Muhammad Iqbal and quotes from his both Urdu and Persian poetry, as well, in his speeches and conversations.

The political approach and policies of different countries of the world was totally changed after the incident of 9/11. The attack of America on Afghanistan developed the hate against America and Anti American feelings were flourished

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in Pakistan. It provided an opportunity to unite against American policies. As a result political and religious parties of Pakistan formed MMA and took part actively in Elections 2002. Due to their unity and unite struggle they got a prominent success in this election and formed provisional government in NWFP. Thus they got an opportunity to become a strong opposition in National Assembly. Their aroused internal differences in MMA, the difference between JI and JUI (F) can not be compromised. At last JI separated from MMA at the time of Elections 2008 in the country.

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