POLITICAL SERVICES OF QAZI HUSSAIN AHMAD (A CRITICAL STUDY) RESEARCHER Muhammad Saeed Roll No. 6 Session: 2014-2016 M. Phil Pak. Studies (Distance) SUPERVISOR Prof. Dr. Muhammad Khurshid Department Of Pak. Studies The Islamia University Bahawalpur Table of Contents Sr. No. Page No. Dedication ii Statement &Declaration iii Certificate iv Acknowledgment vi Abbreviations x Abstract xii Introduction 1 Chapter 1 9 Introduction 1.1 Political background of Jamaat-i-Islami 1.2 Internal structure of Jamaat-i-Islami 1.3 Politics of Jamaat-i-Islami 1.4 Student Politics of Jamaat-i-Islami 1.5 Introduction of Noshehra 1.6 Family Background and early Political Activities 1.7 Married Life and Progeny 1.8 Literary Services of Qazi Hussain Ahmad Chapter 2 39 Qazi Hussain Ahmad as Social Worker 2.1 Relations with Afghan Mujahedeen 2.2 Jihad-e-Kashmir 2.3 Role in Jihad-e-Bosnia 2.4 Formation of Pasban and Shabab-e-Milli 2.5Tours of Muslim Countries VII Chapter 3 61 Qazi Hussain Ahmad and Jamaat-i-Islami 3.1 Affiliations with Jamaat-i-Islami 3.2 Selection as an Ameer of JI 3.3 Muttahida Shariat Mahaz 3.4 Politics of Alliances 3.4.1 Movement for the Restoration of Democracy 3.4.2 Islami Jamhoori Ittehad 3.5 Politics of Resignation 3.5.1 Women Protection Bill 3.5.2 Restoration of Judiciary 3.6 Politics of Agitation Chapter 4 83 Relations with other Political Parties 4.1 Pakistan Islamic Front 4.2 Milli Yakjehti Council 4.3 JI and PPP 4.4 JI and Muslim League 4.5 JI and Religious Parties 4.6 JI and MQM Chapter 5 100 Political Achievements 5.1 Making of the MMA 5.2 Objectives and Manifesto of MMA 5.3 The Election of 2002 5.4 Achievements of MMA 5.5 The election of 2008 5.6 Death VIII 5.7 Views of National and International Leaders Conclusion 124 Bibliography 129 Appendix 136 IX Abstract Qazi Hussain Ahmad, former Ameer of Jamaat-i-Islami Pakistan and previously Muttahida Majlis-e-Amal (MMA) an alliance of six religious parties, was also the Ameer of Jamaat-i-Islami. His affiliation with the Islamic Movement started in his school days when he joined Islami Jamiat Tulaba of Pakistan. Earlier he was already deeply inspired by Maulana Syed Abul Ala Maududi whom he met in 1951 for the first time. He became member of Jamaat-i-Islami in 1970 and was elected to the office of president of its Peshawar chamber. He served Jamaat-i-Islami as secretary and then Ameer of NWFP province. He was raised to the office of secretary general in 1978 and was elected as Ameer of Jamaat-i-Islami Pakistan in 1987. He still continues to serve in that capacity, getting re-elected four more times. Qazi Hussain Ahmad was first elected as member of the Senate of Pakistan in 1986 for a term of six years. He was re-elected as such in March 1992 but he resigned in 1996 in protest against the corrupt political system. He has widely travelled abroad to represent his party at the international forums, leading goodwill missions as well as in his personal capacity to mediate on issues concerning the Muslim Ummah. Even before the Soviet Union invaded Afghanistan, Qazi Hussain Ahmad was in close contact with Afghan mujahedeen and had personal terms with top Afghan leaders. He played pivotal role in introducing Afghan Jihad to foreign world and gaining countrywide favour for the movement. Also patron of organisations like Pasban and Shabab-e-Milli, youth wings of the Jamaat- i-Islami, he is well versed in English, Arabic, Persian, Urdu and Pashto. He is an eloquent orator, seasoned parliamentarian and respected politician. He was secretary general of the Muttahida Shariat Mahaz in 1986. Although he finds practically no time for any literary or scholarly works, he is the author of several books. The six-party MMA was formed before 2002 general elections and Qazi Hussain Ahmad was elected its president. In the 2002 elections, the MMA gained enough support to form a government in NWFP. However, cracks appeared in the alliance when the opposition parties in the National Assembly decided to resign from assemblies because Jamaat-i-Islami wanted to tender resignations from the NWFP Assembly as well towards the end of its tenure but the XII Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam led by MMA Secretary General Maulana Fazalur Rehman opposed the decision. While in public having made repeated statements against General Pervaiz Musharraf after he seized power on October 12, 1999, the MMA under the leadership of Qazi Hussain Ahmad played a pivotal role in getting the 17th constitutional amendment passed by the Parliament which legitimised Musharraf’s rule and paved the way for army to stay in power. He has undergone several rounds of captivity with the recent being during crackdown on religious elements in the aftermath of 9/11 because whereas categorically condemned the 9-11 attacks, he was opposed to invasion of Afghanistan. He voiced his concerns publicly and therefore was detained by the Musharraf regime. XIII Introduction Qazi Hussain Ahmad (1938-2013) was a prominent religious scholar, Islamic theologian, Islamic democracy advocate and former Ameer of Jamaat-i-Islami Pakistan, the rightist and right-wing populist political party in Pakistan. He was a strong critic of the counter terrorism policy of the United States and was widely known for his opposition against United States' participation in civil war in the neighbouring Afghanistan. Qazi Hussain Ahmad was born in 1938 in the house of Maulana Qazi Muhammad Abdul Rab at Ziarat Kaka Sahib, Noshehra District, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Qazi Sahib is descendant of great Seljoki Sheikh Hazrat Sheikh Akhund Adyan seljuki Baba/Akhuna din Baba who was a teacher of Hazrat kaka sahib and contemporary of Khushal Khan Khattak, the shrine of Sheikh Akhund Adyan is at Akhora Khattak, the descendants of Sheikh Akhund Adyan seljoki are titled as Qazi or Qazyan and mostly are living at Ziarat Kaka Sahib. A teacher by profession, Maulana knew religious knowledge and political influence to the extent that he was appointed as the President of Jamiat-i-Ulema-e-Hind for Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Qazi Hussain Ahmad was the youngest among his ten siblings. Qazi Hussain Ahmad completed his early education at home, after that he was admitted to Islamia College Peshawar and got his Master of Science (M.Sc.) degree in Geography from Peshawar University. He served as lecturer at Saidu college Swat for three years, teaching at the graduate level. He left university after three years. After that he started his own business. He marked his presence in this field and was elected as Vice President, Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa (Provincial) Chamber of Commerce and Industry. 1 Qazi Hussain Ahmad Ahmad had two sons (Asif Luqman Qazi and Anas Farhan Qazi) and two daughters (Dr. Sameeha Raheel Qazi and khowla Ahmad Qazi). His wife and children all are Jamaat-i- Islami activists. He had full command of Urdu, English, Arabic, and Persian, in addition to his native tongue, Pashto. He was a great admirer of the poet Allama Muhammad Iqbal and quotes from both his Urdu and Persian poetry in his speeches and conversations. His affiliation with the Islamic Movement started in his school days when he joined Islami Jamiat Tulaba, Pakistan. He became member of Jamaat-i- Islami in 1970 and was elected to the office of President of its Peshawar branch. He served Jamaat-i-Islami as Secretary and then Ameer of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province. He was raised to the office of Secretary General, Jamaat-i-Islami Pakistan in 1978 and after elected as an Ameer of Jamaat- i-Islami Pakistan in 1987, continued to serve in that capacity, getting re- elected four more times (1992, 1994, 1999, 2004). In 2008, he declined to be elected once more and the members of his Party (Jamaat-i-Islami Pakistan) elected Syed Munawwar Hassan as the new President of the Party. Qazi Hussain Ahmad was first elected as a member of the Senate of Pakistan in 1986 for a term of six years. Within Pakistan, he was a patron of organizations such as Pasban and founder of Shabab-e- Milli. He was elected as Secretary General of the Muttahida Sharia Mahaz (1986). Qazi Hussain Ahmad was first elected as a member of the Senate of Pakistan in 1986 for a term of six years. He was re-elected as such in March 1992, but he resigned as a Senator in 1996 as a protest against the corrupt political system. He was elected as a Member of National Assembly in 2002 general elections from his native town legislative. He served as the Parliamentary Leader of the Opposition Party (Muttahida Majlis-e-Amal). Qazi Hussain Ahmad has widely traveled abroad to represent Jamaat at the international forums, leading goodwill missions as well as in his personal capacity to mediate in issues concerning Muslim 2 Ummah. His services during Iran-Iraq and the Persian Gulf War, the Bulkan (Bosnia) crisis and the post-Soviet power struggle in Afghanistan, have been widely commended and appreciated. Even before the Soviet Union invaded Afghanistan, Qazi Hussain Ahmad was in close contact with Afghan mujahedeen and had personal terms with top Afghan leaders. He played pivotal role in introducing Afghan Jihad to foreign world and gaining countrywide favour for the movement. Qazi Hussain Ahmad was also the Central President of seized Muttahida Majlis-e-Amal. In 1997 Qazi Hussain Ahmad launched a nationwide campaign to expand the party membership. His open membership campaign brought 4.5 million new members to the Jamaat.