DOCSLIB.ORG

Evolutionary Tree of Plant-Based Foods

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Evolutionary Tree of Plant-Based Foods Evolutionary Tree of Plant-based Foods Rosaceae Sapindaceae Almond, Apple, Moraceae Breadfruit, Fig, Ackee, Lychee, Apricot, Blackberry, Mulberry, Solanaceae Longan, Maple Syrup Cherry, Nectarine, Jackfruit Eggplant, Peppers Malvaceae Peach, Plum, Convolvulaceae (bell, chili, sweet, Cacao Raspberry, Strawberry, Sweet potato Fabaceae (Leguminosae) Pimento), Potato, (Cocoa, Chocolate) Quince Beans, Jicama, Tomato Verbenaceae Okra Lentils, Licorice, Brassicaceae (Cruciferae) Caricaceae Lemon verbena Pedaliaceae Papaya Anacardiaceae Peas, Peanuts, Lamiaceae (Labiatae) Sesame Arugula, Bok Choy, Mango, Cashews Soybean Broccoli, Brussels sprouts, Basil, Lavender, Cabbage, Cauliflower, Marjoram, Mint, Collard greens, Daikon, Rutaceae Oregano, Asteraceae (Compositae) Kale, Kohlrabi, Horseradish, Grapefruit, Rosemary, Artichoke, Chamomile, Mustard greens, Radish, Kumquat, Sage, Thyme Chicory, Dandelion, Endive, Rutabaga, Turnip, Lemon, Cucurbitaceae Lettuce, Radicchio, Turnip greens, Watercress Lime Cucumber, Gourds, Sunflower, Tarragon, Yakon Orange, Melon, Pumpkin, Oleaceae Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) Tangerine Squash, Watermelon Poaceae (Gramineae) Olive Carrot, Celery, Barley, Corn, Asparagaceae (Liliaceae) Betulaceae Chervil, Coriander, Lemongrass, Millet, Asparagus Filbert, Dill, Fennel, Oat, Rye, Rice, Wheat, Hazelnut Parsley, Parsnip Sugarcane, Sorghum Zingiberaceae Juglandaceae Black walnut, Cardamom, Ginger Euphorbiaceae Araliaceae English walnut Muscaceae Cassava Ginseng Banana, Plantain Annonaceae Rubiaceae Custard Apple, Pawpaw, Myrtaceae Coffee Sugar Apple Allspice Lauraceae Actinidaceae Bromeliaceae Avocado, Cinnamon, Ericaceae Chinese Alliaceae Pineapple Sassafras Blueberry, Gooseberry, (Liliceae) Lecythidaceae Vitaceae Cranberry, Kiwi Chives, Garlic, Arecaceae Brazil nut Grape Lingonberry Leeks, Shallot, Date, Myristicaceae Coconut, Theaceae Onion Mace, Nutmeg Palm oil Tea Chenopodiaceae Beet, Beet greens, Piperaceae Grossulariaceae Orache, Spinach, Black Pepper Black currant Cactaceae Swiss chard, Quinoa Prickly pear cactus Polygonaceae Rhubarb, Sorrel Proteaceae Macadamia Dioscoreaceae nut Yam Variety and moderation are necessary for achieving dietary diversity - the foundation of a nutritious, Papaveraceae well-balanced diet that may promote health and prevent disease. However, an evidence-based Poppy Plants that provide foods consumed by human beings arose at different times during evolution. consensus does not exist regarding food combinations that reduce chronic disease risk. In an effort This relational tree shows the relationships that exist among commonly eaten foods. Foods on to better deal with this impasse, we recommend the guidelines promoting plant food-rich diets the same branches of the tree share more similarities, genetically and chemically than foods provide more detail about achieving variety and moderation. A rationale is presented for using Illiciaceae that are further separated on the tree. The relationships shown are based on Linnean botanical families as a tool to systematically increase the phytochemical diversity of the diet. Star anise classification and were determined based on information available from the tree of life web Acknowledging the rapidly changing cultural norms with respect to foods, including the impact of project (http://tolweb.org/tree/). Only angiosperms are shown (does not include the global market place and advances in food science and technology, the method proposed here gymnosperms, seedless vascular and seedless non-vascular). uses the botanical family concept to design patterns of food consumption that capitalize on the richness of potentially beneficial chemicals in widely available plant-based foods. Blair Dorsey, John N. McGinley and Henry J. Thompson Disclaimer: Information presented is considered a work in progress (updated 10-28-2010)..
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Sassafras Tea: Using a Traditional Method of Preparation to Reduce the Carcinogenic Compound Safrole Kate Cummings Clemson University, [email protected]
    Clemson University TigerPrints All Theses Theses 5-2012 Sassafras Tea: Using a Traditional Method of Preparation to Reduce the Carcinogenic Compound Safrole Kate Cummings Clemson University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_theses Part of the Forest Sciences Commons Recommended Citation Cummings, Kate, "Sassafras Tea: Using a Traditional Method of Preparation to Reduce the Carcinogenic Compound Safrole" (2012). All Theses. 1345. https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_theses/1345 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses at TigerPrints. It has been accepted for inclusion in All Theses by an authorized administrator of TigerPrints. For more information, please contact [email protected]. SASSAFRAS TEA: USING A TRADITIONAL METHOD OF PREPARATION TO REDUCE THE CARCINOGENIC COMPOUND SAFROLE A Thesis Presented to the Graduate School of Clemson University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science Forest Resources by Kate Cummings May 2012 Accepted by: Patricia Layton, Ph.D., Committee Chair Karen C. Hall, Ph.D Feng Chen, Ph. D. Christina Wells, Ph. D. ABSTRACT The purpose of this research is to quantify the carcinogenic compound safrole in the traditional preparation method of making sassafras tea from the root of Sassafras albidum. The traditional method investigated was typical of preparation by members of the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians and other Appalachian peoples. Sassafras is a tree common to the eastern coast of the United States, especially in the mountainous regions. Historically and continuing until today, roots of the tree are used to prepare fragrant teas and syrups.
    [Show full text]
  • Well-Known Plants in Each Angiosperm Order
    Well-known plants in each angiosperm order This list is generally from least evolved (most ancient) to most evolved (most modern). (I’m not sure if this applies for Eudicots; I’m listing them in the same order as APG II.) The first few plants are mostly primitive pond and aquarium plants. Next is Illicium (anise tree) from Austrobaileyales, then the magnoliids (Canellales thru Piperales), then monocots (Acorales through Zingiberales), and finally eudicots (Buxales through Dipsacales). The plants before the eudicots in this list are considered basal angiosperms. This list focuses only on angiosperms and does not look at earlier plants such as mosses, ferns, and conifers. Basal angiosperms – mostly aquatic plants Unplaced in order, placed in Amborellaceae family • Amborella trichopoda – one of the most ancient flowering plants Unplaced in order, placed in Nymphaeaceae family • Water lily • Cabomba (fanwort) • Brasenia (watershield) Ceratophyllales • Hornwort Austrobaileyales • Illicium (anise tree, star anise) Basal angiosperms - magnoliids Canellales • Drimys (winter's bark) • Tasmanian pepper Laurales • Bay laurel • Cinnamon • Avocado • Sassafras • Camphor tree • Calycanthus (sweetshrub, spicebush) • Lindera (spicebush, Benjamin bush) Magnoliales • Custard-apple • Pawpaw • guanábana (soursop) • Sugar-apple or sweetsop • Cherimoya • Magnolia • Tuliptree • Michelia • Nutmeg • Clove Piperales • Black pepper • Kava • Lizard’s tail • Aristolochia (birthwort, pipevine, Dutchman's pipe) • Asarum (wild ginger) Basal angiosperms - monocots Acorales
    [Show full text]
  • Outline of Angiosperm Phylogeny
    Outline of angiosperm phylogeny: orders, families, and representative genera with emphasis on Oregon native plants Priscilla Spears December 2013 The following listing gives an introduction to the phylogenetic classification of the flowering plants that has emerged in recent decades, and which is based on nucleic acid sequences as well as morphological and developmental data. This listing emphasizes temperate families of the Northern Hemisphere and is meant as an overview with examples of Oregon native plants. It includes many exotic genera that are grown in Oregon as ornamentals plus other plants of interest worldwide. The genera that are Oregon natives are printed in a blue font. Genera that are exotics are shown in black, however genera in blue may also contain non-native species. Names separated by a slash are alternatives or else the nomenclature is in flux. When several genera have the same common name, the names are separated by commas. The order of the family names is from the linear listing of families in the APG III report. For further information, see the references on the last page. Basal Angiosperms (ANITA grade) Amborellales Amborellaceae, sole family, the earliest branch of flowering plants, a shrub native to New Caledonia – Amborella Nymphaeales Hydatellaceae – aquatics from Australasia, previously classified as a grass Cabombaceae (water shield – Brasenia, fanwort – Cabomba) Nymphaeaceae (water lilies – Nymphaea; pond lilies – Nuphar) Austrobaileyales Schisandraceae (wild sarsaparilla, star vine – Schisandra; Japanese
    [Show full text]
  • Botanicals for Health
    PBRC 2012 Botanicals for Health Special points of interest: Cinnamon can increase insulin sensitivity Ginger can help reduce chronic diseases Lemongrass has been used against colds Olive has other healthful components other than oil Botanicals for chronic disease prevention Botanicals are phytochemicals sage, sassafras, tamarind, over the years in Europe have from plants that have an tarragon, tea, thyme, and found similar results. Cinnamon impact on human health. turmeric. These plants have Many of the plant phytochemi- specific phytochemicals that One of the healthiest diets in cals act as anti-oxidants that have been shown to kill can- the world, the Mediterranean get rid of many harmful com- cer cells, reduce diabetes risk Diet is high in fruits and vege- pounds in the body. They are and to protect blood vessels tables, healthful oils and anti-inflammatory, antimicrobi- against plaque formation. The many botanicals. Typical bo- al, antitumor, cardiovascular types and numbers of phyto- tanicals as part of the Medi- system enhancing and choles- chemicals in these and many terranean diet are garlic, on- terol lowering compounds. other botanicals is in the thou- ion, mint, lime, orange, lemon, They also influence the im- sands. fennel, basil, bay leaf, dill, mune system and act as anti- pomegranate, rosemary, sage, diabetic compounds. Many large scale studies have tarragon, and thyme. This diet shown that plant phytochemi- is also high in olive oil, red We consume many botanicals cals offer protection against wine and tomatoes. The Medi- as part of our regular diet that cancer and cardiovascular terranean diet is particularly offer health benefits beyond disease.
    [Show full text]
  • Highstead Native T Ree & Shrub W
    25 26 23 22 24 27 18 21 19 20 29 28 17 30 31 16 34 33 15 14 laurel 32 collection 13 12 Plant List 35 1 Quercus palustris pin oak 2 Salix discolor pussy willow 3 Rhus typhina staghorn sumac (female) 36 4 Populus deltoides cottonwood 5 Betula populifolia gray birch 38 37 6 Prunus serotina black cherry 7 Populus tremuloides quaking aspen 39 8 Populus grandidentata large-toothed aspen 40 9 Aronia melanocarpa black chokeberry 41 10 Juniperus virginiana red cedar 11 Vaccinium angustifolium lowbush blueberry 10 12 Vaccinium stamineum deerberry 11 9 13 Kalmia latifolia mountain laurel 8 14 Ostrya virginiana American hop hornbeam 68 15 Kalmia angustifolia sheep laurel 69 16 Amelanchier canadensis shadbush 7 42 17 Hamamelis virginiana common witch hazel 18 Quercus rubra red oak 5 6 67 19 Fagus grandifolia American beech 4 66 20 Betula alleghaniensis yellow birch 70 3 43 65 2 barn 21 Viburnum lentago nannyberry 64 1 22 Fraxinus americana white ash 63 62 59 57 44 23 Vaccinium vitis-idaea var. minus mountain cranberry 61 58 60 46 24 Gaultheria procumbens creeping wintergreen 25 Castanea dentata American chestnut 50 47 48 45 26 Rhododendron prinophyllum roseshell azalea 51 49 27 Rhododendron periclymenoides pinxterbloom azalea 28 Quercus velutina black oak 29 Viburnum acerifolium maple-leaved viburnum 54 52 30 Liriodendron tulipifera tulip tree 56 55 53 31 Vaccinium corymbosum highbush blueberry 32 Quercus prinus chestnut oak 33 Betula lenta sweet birch pond 34 Quercus coccinea scarlet oak 35 Gaylussacia baccata black huckleberry 36 Acer rubrum red
    [Show full text]
  • Show Activity
    A Emollient *Unless otherwise noted all references are to Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press. Plant # Chemicals Total PPM Abelmoschus moschatus Ambrette; Muskmallow; Musk Okra; Tropical Jewel Hibiscus 1 300000.0 Abelmoschus esculentus Okra 1 178400.0 Achillea moschata Iva 1 Aconitum napellus Monkshood; Soldier's Cap; European Aconite; Garden Monkshood; Queen's Fettle; Helmet Flower; Aconite; 1 500000.0 Bear's-Foot; Turk's Cap; Friar's Cap; Garden Wolfsbane; Blue Rocket Acorus calamus Calamus; Flagroot; Sweet Calamus; Sweetroot; Myrtle Flag; Sweetflag 1 Actaea racemosa Black Cohosh; Black Snakeroot 1 Aegle marmelos Bael fruit; Bael de India 1 Aesculus hippocastanum Horse Chestnut 1 1200000.0 Aframomum melegueta Alligator Pepper; Melegueta Pepper; Malagettapfeffer (Ger.); Grains-of-Paradise; Malagueta (Sp.); Guinea 1 Grains Alliaria petiolata Garlic Mustard 1 Allium sativum var. sativum Garlic 1 Alocasia macrorrhiza Giant Taro 1 1447800.0 Aloe vera Bitter Aloes; Aloe 1 Alpinia officinarum Chinese Ginger; Lesser Galangal 1 500000.0 Alpinia galanga Siamese Ginger; Greater Galangal; Languas 1 Althaea officinalis White Mallow; Marshmallow 2 750000.0 Amorphophallus campanulatus Elephant-Foot Yam 1 1495494.0 Ananas comosus Pineapple 1 38.0 Andira inermis Cabbage Bark 1 Anethum graveolens Garden Dill; Dill 1 Angelica sinensis Dong Gui; Dang Qui; Dang Quai; Chinese Angelica; Dang Gui; Dong Quai 1 Annona squamosa Sweetsop; Sugar-Apple 1 Annona muricata Soursop
    [Show full text]
  • Sassafras Albidum.Indd
    Sassafras albidum (Sassafras) Laurel Family (Lauraceae) Introduction: Sassafras has exceptional features in all seasons. Small yellow fl owers bloom in early spring. Aromatic leaves are bright green in summer and yellow to orange to brilliant red in fall. Dark blue berries on female trees hang from bright red stems in September. In winter, the tree offers green twigs, red-brown furrowed bark, plump fl ower buds and unique branch architecture. Culture: Sassafras is ideal for naturalized areas, parks or the home landscape. Because it suckers in response to root or trunk damage, it quite easily becomes an attractive thicket. If a single specimen is desired, suckers must be removed. Sassafras performs best in full sun or light shade in slightly acidic, well-drained loamy soil. It tolerates a range of soils but may become chlorotic under alkaline conditions. Sassafras will not tolerate heavy shade and is damaged by road salt, wind, Japanese beetles and sassafras weevils. Botanical Characteristics: Additional information: Native habitat: Maine west to Michigan, The laurel family contains many aromatic tree and south to Texas and Florida. shrub genera from the tropical and warm temperate regions of the world. Although fossil records show sassafras once Growth habit: Pyramidal, irregular form when young, becoming oval and irregular at was widely distributed throughout the Northern Hemi- maturity. Sassafras suckers freely and often sphere, only two species currently exist: our native Ameri- forms thickets. can species and an east Asian species. The name sassafras was derived from the Span- Tree size: Reaches a height of 30 to 60 feet ish word salsafras, referring to the tree’s alleged medicinal with a spread of 25 to 40 feet.
    [Show full text]
  • PKD Diet Kidney
    PKD Diet Kidney .........................................................................4 Useful Foods to Enjoy ...................................................................6 Useful Herbs ...............................................................................17 Useful Nuts & Seeds ...................................................................19 Useful Medications .....................................................................20 Useful Other ...............................................................................20 Better Animal Protein Choices ...................................................21 Avoid Foods ................................................................................22 Avoid Herbs................................................................................ 33 Avoid Chemicals .........................................................................34 Other Things to Avoid ...............................................................34 Everyone to Avoid ......................................................................35 Menus .........................................................................................36 Helpful Web Sites .......................................................................41 Dermatological Symptoms .........................................................41 Alkaline Clinical Trial ................................................................42 PKD Diet Kidney A guide to polycystic kidney health through diet by Danevas Second Edition ISBN 978-0-615-44268-6
    [Show full text]
  • Diet Guidelines for Vata Chart
    Food Guidelines for Vata Constitution or Imbalance Sweet, sour, salty foods balance --- Pungent, Bitter, Astringent foods aggravate Key: * OK in moderation (twice a week) ** OK occasionally (once every week or two) Veggies – Yes Veggies – No Fruits – Yes Fruits – No Grains – Yes Grains – No Legumes –Yes Legumes – No In general, veggies In general frozen, Generally most Generally most should be cooked raw or dried sweet fruit dried fruits amaranth* barley lentils (red)* aduki beans couscous bread (yeasted) miso** black beans acorn squash artichoke apples (cooked) apples (raw) durham flour buckwheat mung beans black-eyed peas asparagus beets beet greens** applesauce cranberries oats (cooked) cereals (cold, dry mung dal chick peas butternut squash bitter melon apricots dates (dry) pancakes or puffed) soy cheese* garbanzo beans cabbage (cooked)* broccoli avocado figs (dry) quinoa corn soy milk* kidney beans carrots brussel sprouts bananas pears rice (all kinds) crackers soy sauce* lentils (brown) cauliflower* burdock root berries persimmons seitan (wheat meat) granola soy sausages* lima beans cilantro cabbage (raw) cherries pomegranates sprouted wheat millet tur dal navy beans cucumber raisins (dry) bread (essene) museli peas (dried) daikon radish* cauliflower (raw) coconut urad dal fennel (anise) celery dates (fresh) prunes (dry) wheat oat bran pinto beans fenugreek greens* corn (fresh)** figs (fresh) quince oats (dry) soy beans garlic dandelion greens grapefruit watermelon pasta** soy flour green beans (cooked) eggplant grapes polenta** soy powder green chilies jerusalem kiwi Note: fruits popcorn split peas horseradish* artichoke* lemons & fruit juices rice cakes** tempeh leeks limes mustard greens* jicama* Are best con- rye tofu* okra horseradish** mangoes consumed by sago olives, black kale melons (sweet) themelves.
    [Show full text]
  • Sassafras Albidum) – Part II
    Big Tree of the Month - September 2013 Anne Krantz, Tree Steward and NH Big Tree Committee Sassafras (Sassafras albidum) – Part II We all love the colorful leaves of fall in New England. Among the brilliant leaves are the yellow to red leaves of native sassafras. Its unique mitten shaped leaves are fun for children to find because they really look like a hand. The mitten is one of three random leaf forms that grow on the same tree; the others are the mitten with a pinky finger and a single long oval shape. These strange leaves with unusual smooth edges make identifying sassafras easy, but it is not a common tree in NH and found mostly in the southern part of the state. Look for this medium sized often shrubby tree growing in clumps along roadsides or in field hedgerows in sunny locations. The leaves are not the only strange characteristics of this interesting tree. Its flowers, bark, aromatic qualities and especially its odd fall fruits are other fascinating features. It is classified as a member of the Laurel family along with 3,000 species of flowering plants found worldwide, but mostly in tropical regions in Asia and South America. Most are fragrant like cinnamon and bay. Sassafras is the only Lauraceae family that grows naturally New England. Our Mountain laurel, kalmia latifolia, is a member of the heath family – Ericaceae and not a lauraceae at all. (Little) A clump grows along our roadside so I have observed it over the years. This spring I was amazed to see clusters of greenish flowers on some of the smaller saplings.
    [Show full text]
  • Southern Spiked Sweet Teas
    SOUTHERN SPIKED SWEET TEAS GEORGIA PEACH :: 7 Smirnoff Peach Vodka, Fresh Peaches, Fresh Mint, Sliced Lemons, J. Pepper’s Signature-Brewed Sweet Tea CAROLINA STRAWBERRY :: 7 Smirnoff Strawberry Vodka, Freshly-Picked NC Strawberries, Fresh Mint, Sliced Lemons, J. Pepper’s Signature-Brewed Sweet Tea FRONT PORCH PINEAPPLE :: 7 Malibu Pineapple Rum, Freshly-Sliced Pineapple, Fresh Mint, Sliced Lemons, J. Pepper’s Signature-Brewed Sweet Tea BACKROAD BLUEBERRY :: 7 Smirnoff Blueberry Vodka, Freshly-Picked Blueberries, Fresh Mint, Sliced Lemons, J. Pepper’s Signature-Brewed Sweet Tea SIGNATURE COCKTAILS PAMA Flirtini 9 PAMA pomegranate liqueur, Tito’s homemade vodka, champagne, pineapple and cranberry juice Coconut Martini 9 1800 Coconut tequila, orange liqueur, Coco Lopez cream of coconut and cream Triad Punch 9 Gosling’s dark rum, Malibu coconut rum, grenadine, pineapple, orange and cranberry juice Southern Cherry 9 Smirnoff Cherry vodka,Disaronno amaretto and Schwepp’s ginger ale Moscow Mule 9 Tito’s handmade vodka, fresh lime juice, and Saranac ginger beer Blueberry Martini 8 Smirnoff Blueberry vodka, freshly muddled blueberries, sweet & sour mix, homemade simple syrup Blood Orange Martini 8 Smirnoff Orange vodka, triple sec and homemade blood orange juice J. Pepper’s House Margarita 8 Jose Cuervo Gold tequila, homemade blood orange juice and triple sec Dark and Stormy 8 Gosling’s black rum, fresh lime juice and Saranac ginger beer The J. P. 7 Seagram’s gin, Seagram’s vodka, fresh sour and lime juice VODKA Absolut Absolut AcaiBerry Absolut
    [Show full text]
  • Field Identification of the 50 Most Common Plant Families in Temperate Regions
    Field identification of the 50 most common plant families in temperate regions (including agricultural, horticultural, and wild species) by Lena Struwe [email protected] © 2016, All rights reserved. Note: Listed characteristics are the most common characteristics; there might be exceptions in rare or tropical species. This compendium is available for free download without cost for non- commercial uses at http://www.rci.rutgers.edu/~struwe/. The author welcomes updates and corrections. 1 Overall phylogeny – living land plants Bryophytes Mosses, liverworts, hornworts Lycophytes Clubmosses, etc. Ferns and Fern Allies Ferns, horsetails, moonworts, etc. Gymnosperms Conifers, pines, cycads and cedars, etc. Magnoliids Monocots Fabids Ranunculales Rosids Malvids Caryophyllales Ericales Lamiids The treatment for flowering plants follows the APG IV (2016) Campanulids classification. Not all branches are shown. © Lena Struwe 2016, All rights reserved. 2 Included families (alphabetical list): Amaranthaceae Geraniaceae Amaryllidaceae Iridaceae Anacardiaceae Juglandaceae Apiaceae Juncaceae Apocynaceae Lamiaceae Araceae Lauraceae Araliaceae Liliaceae Asphodelaceae Magnoliaceae Asteraceae Malvaceae Betulaceae Moraceae Boraginaceae Myrtaceae Brassicaceae Oleaceae Bromeliaceae Orchidaceae Cactaceae Orobanchaceae Campanulaceae Pinaceae Caprifoliaceae Plantaginaceae Caryophyllaceae Poaceae Convolvulaceae Polygonaceae Cucurbitaceae Ranunculaceae Cupressaceae Rosaceae Cyperaceae Rubiaceae Equisetaceae Rutaceae Ericaceae Salicaceae Euphorbiaceae Scrophulariaceae
    [Show full text]