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DONI IRSAN NAUFAL-FST.Pdf STUDI FILOGENETIKA DURIO DI KALIMANTAN BERDASARKAN KARAKTER MORFOLOGI BUNGA DONI IRSAN NAUFAL PROGRAM STUDI BIOLOGI FAKULTAS SAINS DAN TEKNOLOGI UNIVERSITAS ISLAM NEGERI SYARIF HIDAYATULLAH JAKARTA 2021/1442 H STUDI FILOGENETIKA DURIO DI KALIMANTAN BERDASARKAN KARAKTER MORFOLOGI BUNGA SKRIPSI Sebagai Salah Satu Syarat untuk Memperoleh Gelar Sarjana Sains Pada Program Studi Biologi Fakultas Sains dan Teknologi Universitas Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta DONI IRSAN NAUFAL 11160950000029 PROGRAM STUDI BIOLOGI FAKULTAS SAINS DAN TEKNOLOGI UNIVERSITAS ISLAM NEGERI SYARIF HIDAYATULLAH JAKARTA 2021 M / 1442 H i STUDI FILOGENETIKA DURIO DI KALIMANTAN BERDASARKAN KARAKTER MORFOLOGI BUNGA SKRIPSI Sebagai Salah Satu Syarat untuk Memperoleh Gelar Sarjana Sains Pada Program Studi Biologi Fakultas Sains dan Teknologi Universitas Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta DONI IRSAN NAUFAL 11160950000029 Menyetujui: Pembimbing I, Pembimbing II, Dr. Priyanti, M.Si Dr. Kusuma Dewi Sri Yulita NIP. 197505262000122001 NIP. 197603282000121002 Mengetahui, Ketua Program Studi Biologi Dr. Priyanti, M.Si NIP. 197505262000122001 ii PENGESAHAN UJIAN Skripsi berjudul “Studi Filogenetika Durio di Kalimantan Berdasarkan Karakter Morfologi Bunga” yang ditulis oleh Doni Irsan Naufal, NIM. 11160950000029 telah diuji dan dinyatakan LULUS dalam sidang Munaqosyah Fakultas Sains dan Teknologi Universitas Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta pada 25 Januari 2021. Skripsi ini telah diterima sebagai salah satu syarat untuk memperoleh gelar Sarjana Strata Satu (S1) Program Studi Biologi. Menyetujui : Penguji I, Penguji II, c Dr. Nani Radiastuti, M.Si Etyn Yunita, M.Si NIP. 19650902200112001 NIP. 197006282014112002 Pembimbing I, Pembimbing II, Dr. Priyanti, M.Si Dr. Kusuma Dewi Sri Yulita NIP. 197505262000122001 NIP. 197603282000121002 Mengetahui, Ketua Program Studi Biologi Dr. Priyanti, M.Si NIP. 197505262000122001 iii PERNYATAAN DENGAN INI SAYA MENYATAKAN BAHWA SKRIPSI INI ADALAH BENAR HASIL KARYA SENDIRI YANG BELUM PERNAH DIAJUKAN SEBAGAI SKRIPSI ATAU KARYA ILMIAH PADA PERGURUAN TINGGI ATAU LEMBAGA MANAPUN. Jakarta, Februari 2021 Doni Irsan Naufal 11160950000029 iv ABSTRAK Doni Irsan Naufal. Studi Filogenetik Durio di Kalimantan Berdasarkan Karakter Morfologi Bunga. Skripsi. Program Studi Biologi. Fakultas Sains dan Teknologi. 2021. Dibimbing oleh Priyanti dan Kusuma Dewi Sri Yulita. Kalimantan pulau dengan spesies Durio terbanyak, yaitu 18 spesies. Inventarisasi karakter morfologi bunga Durio di Kalimantan digunakan untuk mengetahui hubungan kekerabatan dan persebarannya. Penelitian ini menggunakan spesimen herbarium yang tersimpan di Herbarium Bogoriense sebanyak 52 nomor koleksi. Sebanyak 47 karakter morfologi bunga diamati dan diberi skor dengan pendekatan multistate character. Data skoring dianalisis dengan program PAUP 4.0 metode Maximum Parsimony. Titik koordinat lokasi spesimen dicari menggunakan Google Maps, kemudian dimasukkan ke dalam program ArcGIS 10.5 untuk membuat peta persebaran. Sebanyak 15 spesies Durio di Kalimantan berhasil diidentifikasi. Karakter morfologi bunga Durio di Kalimantan memiliki variasi bentuk, warna, dan ukuran kuncup; tangkai bunga; putik; benang sari; mahkota; kelopak; dan kelopak tambahan. Hasil rekonstruksi pohon filogenetik Durio di Kalimantan memiliki nilai indeks homoplasi sebesar 0,5286, indeks konsistensi sebesar 0,4714, indeks retensi sebesar 0,4188, dan panjang langkah 210. Bootstrap tertinggi 66% terdapat pada Durio acutifolius dan D. griffthii. Spesies Durio tersebar di seluruh kawasan Kalimantan dengan 11 spesies tersebar di Provinsi Kalimantan Timur, 2 spesies di Provinsi Kalimantan Selatan, 7 spesies di Provinsi Kalimantan Barat, 3 spesies di Provinsi Kalimantan Utara, dan 6 spesies di Provinsi Kalimantan Tengah. Karakter morfologi bunga dapat digunakan untuk identifikasi, rekonstruksi pohon filogenetik, dan persebaran Durio di Kalimantan. Kata kunci: Bunga, Durio, Filogenetik, Kalimantan v ABSTRACT Doni Irsan Naufal. Phylogenetic Studies of Durio in Kalimantan Based on Morphological Characters of Flowers. Undergraduate Thesis. Department of Biology. Faculty of Science and Technology. Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University Jakarta. 2021. Advised by Priyanti and Kusuma Dewi Sri Yulita. Kalimantan Island with the most Durio species, namely 18 species. Inventory of the morphological characters of Durio flowers in Kalimantan is used to determine kinship and distribution. This study used 52 herbarium specimens stored in the Herbarium Bogoriense. A total of 47 morphological characters of flowers were observed and scored using the multistate character approach. The scoring data were analyzed using the Maximum Parsimony method PAUP 4.0 program. The coordinates of the specimen location were searched using Google Maps, then entered into the ArcGIS 10.5 program to create a distribution map. A total of 15 Durio species in Kalimantan have been identified. The morphological characters of the Durio flower in Kalimantan have variations in the shape, color and size of the buds; flower stalk; pistil; stamens; crown; petals; and additional petals. The homoplation index value on the cladogram was 0.5286, the consistency index was 0.4714, the retention index was 0.4188, and the stride length was 210. The highest bootstrap was 66% in Durio acutifolius and D. griffthii. Durio species are scattered throughout Kalimantan with 11 species in East Kalimantan Province, 2 species in South Kalimantan Province, 7 species in West Kalimantan Province, 3 species in North Kalimantan Province, and 6 species in Central Kalimantan Province. The morphological characters of flowers can be used to identify, determine kinship, and distribution in Kalimantan. Keywords: Phylogenetics, Durio, Morphology, Flower, Kalimantan vi KATA PENGANTAR Assalamu’alaikum Warahmatullahi Wabarakatuh Segala puji bagi Allah SWT atas segala rahmat dan hidayah-Nya yang telah memberikan kemudahan sehingga penulis dapat menyelesaikan skripsi dengan judul “Studi Filogenetik Durio di Kalimantan Berdasarkan Beberapa Karakter Morfologi Bunga” dalam rangka Tugas Akhir sebagai syarat untuk memperoleh gelar Sarjana Sains pada Program Studi Biologi Fakultas Sains dan Teknologi Universitas Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta. Penulis ingin mengucapkan terima kasih atas dukungan dari banyak pihak yang terlibat dalam penulisan skripsi ini. Penulis berterima kasih kepada: 1. Prof. Dr. Lily Surayya Eka Putri, M.Env.Stud. selaku Dekan Fakultas Sains dan Teknologi UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta. 2. Dr. Priyanti, M.Si. selaku Ketua Program Studi Biologi Fakultas Sains dan Teknologi UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta dan sebagai Dosen Pembimbing I. 3. Dr. Kusuma Dewi Sri Yulita selaku Peneliti Pusat Penelitian Biologi Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia dan sebagai Dosen Pembimbing II. 4. Narti Fitriana, M.Si. selaku Sekretaris Program Studi Biologi Fakultas Sains dan Teknologi UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta. 5. Dr. Dasumiati, M.Si. dan Ardian Khairiah, M.Si. selaku Dosen Penguji Seminar Proposal dan Hasil Penelitian. 6. Dr. Nani Radiastuti, M.Si. dan Etyn Yunita, M.Si. selaku Dosen Penguji Sidang Skripsi. 7. Kepala Pusat Penelitian Biologi - LIPI dan Kepala Herbarium Bogoriense (BO), Bidang Botani beserta para staf. 8. Keluarga dan pihak yang terlibat membantu penulis dalam penyusunan skripsi. vii Penulis menyadari tulisan ini belum sempurna, oleh karena itu Penulis mengharapkan kritik dan saran yang konstruktif untuk perbaikan tulisan ini. Wassalamu’alaikum Warahmatullahi Wabarakatuh Jakarta, Januari 2021 Penulis viii DAFTAR ISI ABSTRAK...................................................................................................v KATA PENGANTAR...............................................................................vii DAFTAR GAMBAR...................................................................................x DAFTAR TABEL.......................................................................................xi DAFTAR LAMPIRAN..............................................................................xii BAB I. PENDAHULUAN...........................................................................1 1.1. Latar Belakang......................................................................................1 1.2. Rumusan Masalah.................................................................................2 1.3. Tujuan...................................................................................................2 1.4. Manfaat.................................................................................................2 1.5. Kerangka Berfikir.................................................................................3 BAB II. TINJAUAN PUSTAKA................................................................4 2.1. Keanekaragaman Tumbuhan dalam Al-Qur'an....................................4 2.2. Filogenetik............................................................................................4 2.3. Botani Durio.........................................................................................6 2.4. Herbarium...........................................................................................11 2.5. Perkembangbiakan dan Sistem Pembungaan Durio...........................12 BAB III. METODE PENELITIAN...........................................................14 3.1. Waktu dan Tempat Penelitian.............................................................14 3.2. Alat dan Bahan...................................................................................14
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