Spatial Distribution Analysis on Groundwater Quality of Sarada River Basin, Visakhapatnam, A.P
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International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE) ISSN: 2277-3878, Volume-7, Issue-6C2, April 2019 Spatial Distribution Analysis on Groundwater Quality of Sarada River Basin, Visakhapatnam, A.P. India M. Sujatha, T. Satyanarayana, SS. Asadi Abstract: An attempt has been made to study the spatial .The SRB lies between Latitudes 170 251 and 180 171 N and distribution of pH, E.C, Chlorides and TDS of groundwater in Longitudes 820 131 and 830 051 E.The SRB network starts the different sub-basins of Sarada River Basin, Visakhapatnam, from Eastern Ghats and contains mainly three rivers namely A.P. The pH value of groundwater varies from 6.4 to 8.8 with an Bodderu River,Tacheru and Pedderu Rivers,Vedulla gedda average of 7.6. The pH range is not within the limits prescribed by WHO or ISI either in the highest desirable level or maximum and Mamidi vaka gedda. permissible level E.C values ranges from 210 to 8000 The Sarada River basin consists of gneissic micromhos/cm with an average of 4105 micromhos/cm. The complex of khondalite group of rocks (65%), granite gneiss chloride values of the study area ranges from 14 to 2486mg/l with (20%), charnockites (10%) and quartzites (5%) of Archean an average of 1250mg/l. The TDS values of the study area ranges age. The gneissic rocks cover a major portion of the basin from 136 to 5200 mg/l with an average of 2668mg/l, exceeds the with quartzites and charnockites as small linear patches at maximum permissible limit of ISI and ICMR .A small portion of the upper Sarada River and some southern part of lower Sarada some places. Laterite duricrust occur in the northern part River Basin which is close to the sea, characterized with sudden and gravely laterites occur in the northern and eastern part change in the values of pH, Electrical Conductivity, Chlorides of the basin as small patches. The top soil group of the basin and TDS which indicate some sort of pollution. The agricultural area are loamy soils, clayey soils, red lateritic soils and and industrial townships in the study area shows the minimum marine soils near the coast .The average rainfall of the basin pH, high chloride and E.C. values. The study area also reveals area is about 1000mm. Physiographical, the sarada stream that the pollution of groundwater is due to saline water intrusion and over use of fertilizers and pesticides in lower Sarada River Basin have been separated keen on six sub-basins for the Basin present study of hydro-chemistry namely 1.Upper Sarada Index Terms: pH, E.C, chlorides, TDS and groundwater 2.Bodderu River 3.Tacheru and Pedderu 4.Vedurla gedda pollution 5.Mamidivaka gedda.. Are given in table-1. I. INTRODUCTION A very large section of the population in urban and rural regions of India uses raw water from groundwater resources for human consumption. In groundwater resources, it is recognized to the value of groundwater is now since imperative since its amount. Through the pressing want intended used for rapid growth of fresh irrigate materials, enough notice is hardly ever known to quality issues and guard supplies, in spite of of the fact that in the long period these can be a grave restraint on sustainable growth. II. RESEARCH SIGNIFICANCE Since the quality of public health depends to a large extent on the quality of drinking water, those are to be monitored systematically. III. DESCRIPTION OF WORK Sarada River Basin is (SRB) is situated in Visakhapatnam district of A.P, which spread over 2590sq.km with in the real study region is 1140 sq.km. The stream birth place at Madugula Konda and passes through Narasipoatnam plains and Visakhapatnam coast, which are parts of Eastern Ghats Revised Manuscript Received on April 09, 2019. M. Sujatha, Department of Environment, KoneruLakshmaiah Education Foundation, Vaddeswaram, Guntur, A.P, India T. Satyanarayana, SRK Eng.College,Vijayawada,A.P. SS.Asadi, Department of Civil Engineering, Vignan’s Foundation for Science, Technology and Research, Deemed to be University, A.P, India Published By: Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering Retrieval Number: F11380476C219 /19©BEIESP 747 & Sciences Publication International Conference on Advances in Civil Engineering (ICACE-2019) | 21-23 March 2019 | K L Deemed to be University, Vijayawada, A.P. India Sub basin-I Sub basin -II Sub-basin-III S.No Location Water level S.No Location Water level S.No Location Water level (b.g.l)mts (b.g.l)mts (b.g.l)mts 1 Raiwada 3.00 10 Dsuravaram 2.30 16 Madugula 5.00 2 Gavaravaram 1.50 11 Appalaraju 3.00 17 Vaddadi 2.80 palem 3 Chowdavada 1.30 12 Siripuram 3.50 18 Murapaka 3.50 4 Gullapali 4.00 13 Konam 2.80 19 Ramjogipalem 4.00 5 Annavaram 2.30 14 Jampana 1.50 20 Jannnavaram 1.80 6 Alamanda 3.80 15 Dibbapalem 1.00 21 Guddipa 6.00 7 Adduru 4.00 8 Narasapuram 5.20 9 Varada 3.80 Table-1: Groundwater Levels in open and bore wells in various locations of Sarada River Basin. Sub basin -IV Sub basin-V Sub basin-VI S.No Location Water level S.No Location Waterlevel S.No Location Waterlevel (b.g.l)mts (b.g.l)mts (b.g.l)mts 22 Seethaiahpet 2.60 30 Kannurupalem 3.10 34 Anakapalli 1.80 23 Turakalapudi 3.50 31 Mamidivaka 1.80 35 Munagapaka 1.40 24 Neelakantaouram 1.80 32 Govada 2.10 36 Peddapudi 2.30 25 Ithampudi 5.10 33 Tallapalem 2.80 37 Elamanchilli 1.50 26 Timmannapalem 3.20 38 Vemagiri 4.60 27 Jamathullapalem 4.10 39 Murakada 1.20 28 Tallaplem 2.60 40 Kotturu 3.00 29 Rajam 5.90 41 TJampanapalem 2.80 42 Narapadu 4.80 43 Vakapadu 1.60 B.G.L: Below the Ground Level chemical constituents such as chlorides, sulphates, calcium, IV. EQUIPMENT AND METHOD sodium, potassium, magnesium, etc. Groundwater sample was passed not in within dry period periods (Between Dec 2007 and March 2008). The sample V. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION were composed within plastic bottles which was pre-cleaned Chemistry of groundwater need investigation as for with hydrochloric acid and finally in distilled water. The human consumption, the available water should be within collected water samples were analyzed for different hydro specific limits. Similarly for irrigation too, the water should geochemical properties such as pH, Electrical Conductivity, posses specific chemical quality. There is a need for Total Dissolved Solids and Chlorides. The results of continuous monitoring water quality, so that one can study Electrical Conductivity (EC) and pH were measured the nature and growth of pollutants .the data on the four electromagnetically in the field using digital meters. physic-chemical characteristics such as pH, E.C, Chlorides Immediately after sampling. The water samples were and TDS are given in table-2 analyzed for determining the concentrations of various Published By: Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering Retrieval Number: F11380476C219 /19©BEIESP 748 & Sciences Publication International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE) ISSN: 2277-3878, Volume-7, Issue-6C2, April 2019 S.No Sub- basins Range pH E.C(microns/cm) Chlorides(mg/l) TDS(mg/l) 1 Upper Sarada Minimum 6.8 400 21 200 River Maximum 8.8 8000 400 5200 2 Bodderu river Minimum 7.2 600 39 390 Maximum 8.2 2500 611 1625 3 Tacheru and Minimum 7.3 475 37 309 Pedderu Maximum 8.3 2100 767 1365 4 Vedurla gedda Minimum 7.3 300 30 195 Maximum 8.3 2200 711 1430 5 Mamidivaka Minimum 6.8 1200 45 780 gedda Maximum 7.9 4300 1221 2795 6 Lower Sarada Minimum 6.4 210 14 136 River Maximum 8.4 7800 2486 5070 Table-2 Range of pH, E.C, chlorides and TDS in six sub-basins of Sarada River Basin. pH for waters are 770 and 2300 micromhos/cm respectively. It The pH values of groundwater varies from 6.4 to 8.8 with is clear from the map that majority of the groundwater an average (mean value) of 7.6. The distribution of pH samples in SRB falls in the range of 800 to 2300 values in the area investigation given a map of pH (figure- micromhos/cm, except at few locations. Abnormal 2). The pH range is not within the limits prescribed by concentrations of electrical conductivity values have been WHO (1984) or ISI (1983) either in the highest desirable observed at Gavaravaram(8000 micromhos/cm) in upper (6.5-8.5) or maximum permissible level (6.5-9.2) in the area Sarada River Basin, Munagapaka (6000 micromhos/cm), of investigation. The pH range is (6.5-8.5) values can cause Murakada(7800 micromhos/cm), Rajala(6400 gastrointestinal disorders like hyper acidity, ulcers, stomach micromhos/cm), Devanapalem(6700 micromhos/cm) and pain, burning sensation etc in the users. In addition to this Vakapadu(6300 micromhos/cm). in the lower Sarada River the pH below 7.0 another reason for the low pH might be the Basin Water above 2000 micromhos/cm is usually excessive use of acid producing fertilizers like ammonium unsuitable for irrigation (Trivedy,1995).There is a sudeen sulphate and super phosphate of lime in the land close to the increase of electrical conductivity in upper Sarada River due wells in upper Sarada and lower Sarada River sub basins. to local pollution and in Lower Sarada River due to salinity In the present study, the low pH seems to be another of water. A sudden rise in conductivity in the groundwater reason that the industrial townships at Govada sugar mills, indicates addition of some pollutants to it(Trivedy and Goel Tummapala sugar mills and small scale industries fall in the 1986).The areas have highest E.C values also have lowest zone of pH of 6.4 to 7.0.