Harmonist Labyrinth Restored to Original Design
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Fall • 2008 Historic New Harmony is a unified program of the University of Southern Indiana and the Indiana State Museum and Historic Sites A true labyrinth: Harmonist Labyrinth restored to original design Historic New Harmony has restored the Harmonist Labyrinth to a true one-path labyrinth using the design of the founding Harmonie Society around 1820. The labyrinth was recreated as a hedge maze by the New Harmony Memorial Commission at a site near the original labyrinth in 1939. Congressman Brad Ellsworth will cut the ribbon and take the inaugural step into the restored labyrinth during an opening ceremony at 9:30 a.m. September 20. According to Robert Ferré of Labyrinth Enterprises, a labyrinth is a pattern with a single path that leads circuitously to the center. A maze has multiple paths, intersections, choices, and dead ends. After the labyrinth ceremony, Congressman Brad Ellsworth will present New Harmony with the Preserve America designation at 9:45 a.m., September 20, in downtown New The labyrinth was one of the earliest Harmony. David Campbell, president of the New Harmony town council, will accept projects of the New Harmony Memorial the designation on behalf of the town. To be recognized as a Preserve America Commission, created by the state of Community, a town must protect and celebrate its heritage, use its historic assets Indiana in 1937 to help preserve and for economic development and community revitalization, and encourage people to protect New Harmony’s history. experience and appreciate local historic resources through education and heritage tourism programs. The original Harmonist Labyrinth was the current design have worked to destroy made of flowers, trees, and shrubs. some of the Amur River privet hedges that There was a wooden grotto at its center. were planted in 1939, as visitors crossed The New Harmony Memorial Commission through the hedges rather than using built a small stone grotto at the center of the pathways. the maze, based on designs from other Harmonist sites. Historic New Harmony The Harmonists built a labyrinth at each renovated the grotto in 2001. of their three communities, including those at Harmony and Economy, Pennsylvania. “Nothing was left of the original labyrinth Recreating the original Harmonist design in 1939,” said Connie Weinzapfel, director of required removing the hedges currently Historic New Harmony. “The New Harmony blocking the pathways, realigning the “ By preserving its utopian legacy, Historic New Memorial Commission had the research and Harmony will inspire renewal and fellowship pathways, reconfiguring some hedges at between people and communities through its they knew what the Harmonie Society had the entryway, and planting new hedges. programs and collections.” done, but they made a conscious decision Nellis Landscaping completed the work —Historic New Harmony Mission Statement to make a design they perceived to be with assistance from Historic New more interesting.” Harmony staff. POST OFFICE BOX 579 A maze offers choices in the pathway Ferré said the Harmonist design is unique in NEW HARMONY, IN 47631 intended to perplex the visitor, while a the world of labyrinths throughout history TEL: 812.682.4488 labyrinth holds one meditative path to its because it solves an interesting problem. WWW.NEWHARMONY.ORG center. But the many blockades created by ...continued on page 2 Letter from the Chair It was a Tuesday evening, and I was on my daily walk around Connie Weinzapfel, town with Mactavish, our Scottish Terrier. Even though their Director vehicle was half a block away, I knew by the smiles in my direction the couple was going to stop and ask a question, either about New Harmony or my attractive little dog. istoric New Harmony, “ which is a very successful Sure enough, a Historic New Harmony brochure the woman H held confirmed my initial impression. “Just what’s special collaboration between the about this quaint little town?” she asked. She and her husband University of Southern Indiana had picked up the brochure at the Indiana visitors center on and the Indiana State Museum Interstate 64. “We’re going to be in the area through the and Historic Sites, has developed weekend,” he said. Hailing from Nebraska, they wanted to a new “interpretive” plan. No, combine his business trip with some site seeing. we’re not learning Russian or I had just minutes to condense volumes on what makes New Harmony a special place. French, but we may as well be “If you’re searching for utopia,” I answered, “then you’ve just arrived!” I quickly explained speaking a foreign language that New Harmony was the site of two attempts at establishing a Utopian community when trying to share New in the early 1800s…that much of the town could be toured in a couple of days, and Harmony’s incredible history that they could, in a single visit, absorb some of the peace and tranquility that I loved. with today’s audience. I gave directions to the Atheneum and told them about the art galleries, the two labyrinths, the many beautiful sculptures, the trails, the lovely gardens, the theatres, History museum professionals the variety of restaurants and the unique shops, without pausing to take a breath. across the country are fretting over the relative dearth of With their promise to return on the weekend, I walked away feeling exhilarated and knowledge and interest in history satisfied to have had the opportunity to list the reasons I love New Harmony. I felt confident the couple would visit one of our restaurants and enjoy the “good home- among young people. Ways of cooked meal” he requested for that evening, and they would return for a longer visit. learning are changing and we must discover new methods of You see, residing in utopia is an experience I love to share. Steeped in history, telling our stories. That’s exactly New Harmony is a living, thriving, and yes, complex community—not perfect yet, what we will be doing as we but still making the effort in ways that may be sensed in a single visit. systematically re-evaluate and I invite you to come again, or visit us for the first time. Experience Historic New upgrade our exhibits, most of Harmony first hand, and form your own impression. which were installed more than Karen Walker 25 years ago. Chairman of the Board University of Southern Indiana/New Harmony Foundation Among the broad themes where New Harmony made a real impact on the nation are community planning A True Labyrinth continued... and peaceful co-existence; “The oldest labyrinth design progressive methods in education; is a classical seven-circuit design equality for women and African- which is deceivingly sophisticated,” Americans; innovations in science; he said. “In it, the turns are opposite each other, on each side and the rights of working people. of the entrance, which gives it While New Harmony’s history a very balanced look. However, dates from 1814, these issues the labyrinth is not symmetrical. are even more relevant today, One side has one more path than and will become the core stories the other side, plus it is sort of These drawings indicate how the Harmonist Labyrinth that will engage residents mushroom-shaped. was transformed from a maze, left, into a true one- path labyrinth. and visitors.” “When you make the labyrinth circular it becomes symmetrical, but the turns no longer line up, so a very nice visual effect is lost. In the Harmonist Labyrinth it is both circular and symmetrical—the turns line up across from each other in a very elegant way. This was done by intercepting the circles with horizontal lines in such a way as to manipulate where the turns end up on either side of the entrance.” Ferré designed the University of Southern Indiana Labyrinth and consulted on the Cathedral Labyrinth in New Harmony. “I was very impressed with the unique solution they found,” he said. “I may copy it some day.” 2 Kahle and Pitzer attend Schism Reunion HArmonizing Jan Kahle, education coordinator for Historic New Harmony, …with Don Pitzer Dr. Donald E. Pitzer, professor emeritus of history and founding attended a “Schism Reunion” in Harmony and Economy, director of the University of Southern Indiana Center for Pennsylvania June 27-29, 2008. Over 40 descendants of Communal Studies, is a leading scholar on communal utopias seceders from the Harmonie Society attended the event. and intentional communities. Most of the descendants were from the “Great Schism” of 1832 when one-third of the population of the Harmonie Society Grandchildren are the darlings of their grandparents. in Economy, Pennsylvania, chose to leave Economy and follow Harmony Dove Malie Pitzer taught me this for the first Count de Leon to Phillipsburg (now Monaca), Pennsylvania. time when she arrived on June 19, 2008. She is named Leon proclaimed himself the “Lion of Judah.” In actuality, for the New Harmony attachment (or rather utopian he was Bernhard Mueller, the illegitimate son of Baron Dalberg enchantment) of her grandfather. Malie (Ma-lee-aa) is of Aschaffenberg, Germany. The departure of these members the equivalent of harmony in her mother’s native Samoan. was a severe blow to the Harmonie Society, both financially and spiritually. Harmony’s appearance reminded me that one of the best and worst sagas in Harmonist history revolved around Other communities established by seceders from the Harmonie George Rapp’s beloved granddaughter Gertrude. Contrary Society include Blooming Grove (1804), Concordia (1826), to the Harmonists’ commitment to celibacy in 1807, she was and Teutonia (1827). Larry Waltz of the Blooming Grove Historical presented to George and Christina Rapp by their son John Society and Walter Brumm of Old Economy Village spoke about and his wife Johanna on August 31, 1808.